Subject: Philosophy
Exam Questions for Bachelors
1.
Mythology and philosophy as the patterns of world outlook: basic
peculiarities.
2.
Role played by philosophy in the system of spiritual and practical
approach to the world.
3.
Philosophy as knowledge: its specifics and structure.
4.
The importance of philosophy for self-cognition and selfperfection.
5.
Ancient India and China: main philosophical problems raised and
the ways of their resolution, as developed by traditional schools of
thought.
6.
Pre-Socratic schools of Ancient Greece: philosophical problems
raised and the ways of their resolution.
7.
Socrates and the Sophists: the essence of their teachings; its social,
cultural, cognitive and ethical values. Socrates and the Buddha.
8.
Plato and Aristotle's teachings as representing the evolution of the
Greek philosophy.
9.
Mediaeval European philosophy: patristic and scholasticism.
Philosophical problems raised and the ways of their resolution.
10.
European Renaissance: its essence and interconnection with
antique and mediaeval philosophies.
11. Philosophy and science during the period of the Enlightenment.
12. The problem of method in the philosophy of Francis Bacon and
Rene Descartes.
13. Thomas Hobbes and his social philosophy.
14. Materialism, rationalism and ethics in the philosophy of Baruch
Spinoza. His pantheistic approach to the God and Nature.
15. British empiricism and its evolution: from John Locke to David
Hume.
16.
Classical German philosophy: main philosophical problems raised
and the ways of their resolution.
17.
From classical German philosophy to Marxism: new approach to
old problems.
18.
Western philosophy of the XX century: socio-economic and
spiritual conditions of its development.
19.
Philosophy of existentialism: main ideas and categories.
20.
Neo-positivism: the problem of cognition. Scientific and nonscientific knowledge.
21.
Philosophy of neo-Thomism: essence and contents.
22.
Russian philosophy: specific features and national peculiarities. Its
main problems and branches.
23.
Psychoanalysis of S. Freud. Man and society.
24.
‘Archetypes' and ‘collective unconsciousness' of K.G.Jung.
25.
The philosophical category of ‘being' and the variety of its
determination in the history of philosophy.
26.
‘Matter' as a fundamental category of philosophy. The difference
between philosophical and natural scientific perceptions of ‘matter'.
27.
‘Matter' and ‘movement'. Main forms of movement, their
qualitative character and interrelation.
28.
‘Space' and ‘time', as determined by philosophy and natural
science.
29.
The problem of Life in the universe: its finiteness and infinity,
uniqueness and multiplicity.
30.
The idea of ‘Development' and its evolution in the history of
philosophy.
31.
Dialectics and metaphysics: two approaches to the same reality.
32.
The laws of materialistic dialectics and their actuality in the
cognition of economic reality.
33.
Pair categories of dialectics and their significance.
34.
Social philosophy: main problems and objectives. The evolution
of socio-philosophical discourse in the history of Oriental and Western
philosophies.
35.
Civilisations and formations in the identification of history.
36.
Civilisation and culture in socio-philosophical discourse.
37.
The process of globalisation and the contemporary global
problems.