STUDY GUIDE EXAM III BIOL 1408
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Where specifically is the energy in the food that a cell takes up ? What cellular
process of what life form provides all the energy for our biosystem ?
What is the difference between breathing and cellular respiration ? What organelle in
the cell is responsible for cellular respiration ?
Can you write out the simple equation for photosynthesis AND cellular respiration ?
What are the products of photosynthesis ( in other words, what does photosynthesis
create ? ), and which of those products are used in cellular respiration absolutely
needs ? What molecule of energy is produced by mitochondria ?
What term is used to provide a quantitative value to the energy content of food and
energy activities ?
What do you understand by oxidation and reduction ? What enzymes are usually
involved in such reactions that transfer hydrogen ions and electrons ?
A chain of electron acceptors and donors where electrons are passed from one to
another in an exergonic fashion, is called what ?
What are the 3 stages of cellular respiration and where in the cell do they take place ?
What occurs during Glycolysis ? What molecule is produced ? How many carbons in
glucose ? How many in the molecule that enters the mitochondria at the end of
glycolysis ? What is substrate phophorylation ?
What happens to pyruvate first when it enters the mitochondria ?
What happens to AcetylCoA when it enters the citric acid cycle ? Give me the full
results !
Relating to previous question : where is all the CO2 produced during breakdown of
glucose ? Where is all the energy now from breaking down glucose ?
What happens at the electron transport chain of the mitochondria ? Who is the final
electron acceptor ? What kind of gradient is created via the ETC ? Across what
membranes is that gradient specifically ?
What happens when Protons diffuse back into the mitochondria ? They have to
diffuse through a protein : what protein is that ? And what energy molecule does it
make when energy is released during the diffusion process ?
This all relates to Chemi-osmosis. So what is Chemi-osmosis ? And what is
Oxidative phosphorylation ? How is Oxidative phosphorylation different from
Substrate phosphorylation ?
How many ATPs are formed per breakdown of Glucose ?
What are some mitochondrial poisons and where do they work ?
When will fermentation happen ? What important molecule is missing to drive a cell
into fermentation ? What is the difference in ATP production between oxidative
phosphorylation and fermentation? What are the 2 forms of fermentation discussed ?
How do fats and proteins give us energy ? And what our cells do with the breakdown
of food that is not used for energy ?
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Where does photosynthesis occur ? What is the chemical equation for
photosynthesis ?
What is the difference between an autotroph and a heterotroph ? Who eats who in
this scheme ?
Where in a plant are most of the chloroplasts located ? What are stomata ?
What is the organization of a chloroplast ? Can you draw it in detail and label the
different structures and regions ? Where specifically are the chlorophyll molecules
located ?
In the photosynthesis reaction, oxygen is produced : from what molecule does the
oxygen come from ? Photosynthesis, like respiration, is a redox reaction. What
molecule becomes reduced and what molecule becomes oxidized in PS ?
What are the 2 stages (sets of reactions) that occur in Photosynthesis ? In what part
of the chloroplast does each stage occur ? Which stage produces the oxygen ?
What happens during PSII and what happens during PSI ? How are they connected
? What is the function of the electron transport chain ? What is produced during PS
II and PS I and what is needed to drive the Calvin Cycle ?
What does the Calvin Cycle produce ?
What is the electromagnetic spectrum ? What part of that is visible light ? What
wavelengths deals with visible light ?
What is the difference between absorbed and reflected light ? Why do the leaves of
a plants look green ? Who are the common plant pigments ? What is the difference
between an absorption spectrum and an action spectrum ?
So , when looking at the equation of photosynthesis, what are the 3 important
things that plants do for the biosphere ? How does that relate to the greenhouse
effect ?
Do plants have mitochondria ? Do animals have chloroplasts ?
Why is cell division important ? What is binary fission and what organisms are
typical in using this process ?
Where is all the information located to create an organism ?
Can you predict what animal you have just from the number of chromosomes ?
What are the two types of cell division in eukaryotes ?
What are chromosomes made from ? When can we start seeing chromosomes with
a microscope ?
What are sister chromatids and what does the centromere mean ?
We will go over these questions in Class on Tuesday !