BIRTH KC/VEKC (within 30 minutes of birth) updated: 5/29/10 & 5/8/2014
______2007 Newsline
______2006. Aus J Nurs
Review of Moore et al. 2007 Cochrane analysis. More like to BF and for longer.
Evidence based review that says two WHO 1997 recommendations that are graded
as A level recommendations are: “skin to skin contact should be promoted and
kangaroo care encouraged in first 24 hours after birth” to prevent hypoglycemia
Aboudiab et al., 2007
FT, two case studies of ALTEs in Birth KC, one in several minutes and other at 45
minutes postbirth. Both resuscitated with O2 by mask and stimulation; both
recovered and okay. Nurses must vigilantly observe in immediate postpartum
period
Ali&Lowry, 1981
FT, RCT of 45 min of KC with 6 and12 week age follow up
Amer Acad BF Med 2005 FT, recommends birth kc for thermoregulation, maintenance of euglycemia
Amer Acad Pediatr 2005 FT, recommends KC immediately after birth until end of first feeding and delay all
care til feeding complete
AAP & AHA 2006
FT. lesson 1 page 18 recommends “thermoregulation can be provided by putting
the baby directly on the mother’s chest…Warmth is maintained by skin-to-skin
contact with the mother.”
AAP,2012
FT. says in Table 5 that Direct skin to skin contact with mothers immediately after
delivery until the first feeding is accomplished should be practiced and encouraged
throughout the postpartum period.
ACOG 2000
FT, recommends birth KC
ACOG,2007
FT, recommends birth KC
Anderson et al., 2003
Cochrane review of early KC (mixed in with some birth KC). Better and more
Exclusive BF.
Andres et al. 2011
FT, 6 case studies of 3 ALTEs and 3 deaths in Birth KC with breastfeeding in first
two hour postbirth in delivery room. Birth KC did not increase incidence of
ALTEs or deaths.
Argote et al.,1991
PT, Case study and descriptive of 6 infants given Birth KC for Respiratory distress.
All symptoms disappeared in 6 hours and infants went home at 24 hours post-birth
and have higher temps in KC.
Atchan, 2013
FT, BFHI is not working in Australia (only 19% certified in 2013) because birth
KC is a ‘discord with practice’.
AWHONN 2000
FT, recommends birth KC for breastfeeding
Awi & Alikor, 2004
FT, factors associated with onset of KC within 30 min of birth were delaying
cleaning/measuring of infant, providing BF assistance, and delaying repair of
episiotomy
Becher et al., 2011
FT, SUPC guidelines (60% of cases cause is known after postmortem which should
be done on all dead babies. Lists the tests to do whilebaby is still alive and in postmortem.
Becher et al., 2012
FT, ALTES and deaths with BIRTH KC and BF. But says that both should
continue and nurses need to watch and parents should assess airway, breathing and
color.
Bergman et al. 2004
PT, birth KC started and infants were more stable in birth KC than incubator.
Bouloumie , 2008
FT, descriptive comparative study. Birth KC and Postpartum KC infants had better
cardiorespiratory stability, were calmer, and moms were pleased with KC. Staff
reported Birth KC is okay as long as vigilantly monitored.
Bramson et al., 2010
FT, descriptive of 21,842 moms. The more Kc they get in first 3 hours of birth, the
more likely they are to exclusively breast feed during the maternity hospital stay.
Branger et al., 2007
FT, sudden infant death to full terms in KC (ALTES and deaths). There were 11
ALTes and 7 deaths and among these 18, five incidents occurred in Birth KC.
Provides contraindications.
Byaruhanga et al. 2008
FT, qualitative moms liked Birth KC but worried about transmission of HIV with
raw cord and some thought it was done to distract moms from episiotomy repair.
Bystrova et al.,2009
FT,RCT,
Calais et al., 2010
FT, survey of routine Postpartum KC with healthy term infants. Need to educate
Cantrill et al., 2004
Cantrill, 2006
Carfoot et al., 2004
Carfoot et al., 2005
CDCP, 2007
CDCP 2008
Charpak et al., 2005
Chandry 2005
Christensson 1992
Christensson et al., 1995
Christensson et al., 1996
Christensson 1998
Clarke, 2009
Colonna et al., 2008
Crenshaw et al. 2004
Crenshaw 2007
Curry, 1979
Dabrowski, 2007
Dageville et al., 2011
Dageville et al., 2008
Davanzo, 2004
Davis et al.,2012-2013
Declercq et al., 2009
Demott et al., 200
DiGirolamo et al., 2001
Durand et al., 1997
Espagne et al. 2004
European Commis2006
Fardig, 1980
Field et al., 2006
Finigan et al. 2014
Fransson et al. 2005
moms antenatally, reduce visitors, provide support during Postpartum for effective
implementation.
FT, descriptive questionnaire of nurses’ knowledge and support of 1st breastfeed
with Birth KC. Got high scores but practice is poor and poor understanding of
importance of “continuous, uninterrupted KC”
FT, dissertation abstract on influence of Birth KC on effective breastfeeding.
FT, Pilot RCT of success of 1st BF
FT, RCT. 102 KC moms more saatisfied with their care than controls and infant
temp warmer in KC than controls
FT, national survey of birth KC practices that support breastfeeding.
FT, national survey results are not good, much work to do. Birth KC practices are
not being practiced.
PT, Review. “KC should be started as early as possible, even in the DR or in
NICU” pg. 515.
FT, Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine guidelines that separating mom and baby
immediately after birth is NOT appropriate and KC is the recommended routine
because it actually is more likely to result in euglycemia. KC should be encouraged
because it prevents heat loss which in turns help prevents hypoglycemia.
FT
FT
FT
FT
Review, KMC for improving child health in rich and poor nations.
FT, Paternal KC in DR during Cesarean section.
FT, review of evidence against separation and need to Birth KC as evidence for
Lamaze’s guidelines.
FT, review of evidence against separation and need for lots of Birth KC and
presents Lamaze International’s recommendation.
FT
FT, parents wanted Birth KC and so they started it in L/D.
FT, says Birth KC should be saved
FT, neonatal death during birth kc has occurred in France.
PT
FT, Quality improvement project telling how they taught everyone in 2 hours to
improve their exclusive BF rate. Has test questions and benefits of exclusive BF
in article and process followed.
FT, asked mothers what helped them BF and birth kC to initiate BF was
significantly associated with EXCLUSIVE BF success.
FT, UK guidelines for breastfeeding with many sections on Birth KC and need to
feed with KC within 30-70 minutes of birth.
FT, Birth KC is good for breastfeeding
FT, started KC 30 mins post birth and infants who BF in KC about 2 hours
postbirth reached temp between 36.5-37.8, but bottle fed infants under radiant
warmer did not.
FT, ALTEs during Birth KC in France
FT guidelines for Birth KC which are excellent.
FT
A survey of 25 neonatal nurseries in South revealed that in 83% of
them KC following birth in the delivery room was practiced.
FT, Qualitative study of English, Pakistani and Bangladeshi women doing Birth
KC and all liked it and accepted fluids of birth even though midwives did not
think they would. Professional opinions may prevent KC from being done and
may be WRONG.
FT, descriptive of 27 newborns. started temp recordings 4-8 hours post-birth, so
really it is Early KC, not birth kc. All temps higher when in close contact with
mom than when in incubator. No heat loss when with mom
Gangal, 2007
FT, recommends breast crawl in KC to satisfy step 4 of Baby Friendly Steps.
And reports doing it with c/s moms and with preemies too. Page 15-16 lists
many advantages of breastcrawl within 30-60 minutes of birth. Says most babies
instinctively complete the crawl within 30-60 minutes of birth.
Gardner, 1979
FT, KC had less drop in temp than infants under radiant warmer
Gomez-Papi et al. 1998 FT, KC at birth, Infants stayed awake, if KC lasts more than 50min infants have
Nearly 8 times the probability of spontaneously breastfeeding. 21% of moms
Were tired.
Gregson et al. 2011
Pt, LATE PRETERMs all got up to one hour of Birth KC before separated into
ad lib KC or no more KC for hospitalization and up to six weeks age. Birth KC
was ROUTINE.
Gubler et al. 2012
FT, regression analysis. Delayed KC at birth was associated with lower
initiation rates. Says must have IMMEDIATE KC at birth.
Hake-Brooks et al. 2007 PT, RCT of very early KC (not right at birth but soon after). Better BF at 6 mos.
Hays et al., 2006
FT, 11 ALTEs with BirthKC in the delivery room in France. More vigilance is
needed
Hwang, 1981
FT.
Haxton et al. 2012
FT, Quality improvement project for implementing birth KC and its benefits
Henderson 2011
FT, Review of breastcrawl and why it is so important. BEST article of fullterm
Birth KC review. BEST GREAT ARTICLE!!!
Int Lact Assoc 1999
FT, recommends birth KC and non separation for breastfeeding.
Int Lact Assoc 2007
FT, and some PT. Trifold that reviews Birth KC to promote BF and how to
look for signs of readiness in the first hour of birth.
Kattwinkel et al. 2010
FT, NEW NRP guidelines that say term infant who spontaneously cries or
breathes and has good muscle tone should not be separated from mother, should
be dried and placed in skin-to-skin contact with the mother, with both of them
covered by dry linen.
Keshavarz & 2010
FT, RCT of 2 hrs of KC after cesarean +60 min/day during Postpartum and
home improved # of feeds in hospital, # EXCLUSIVELY BF at 6 mos, and
decreased # of severely crying infants (or maybe severely crying episodes)
Kirkwood et al. 2013
PT, FT, descriptive study of ESSENTIAL care of newborn home visits that reduced
mortality by 12% and KC increased from 29-44% of birth.
Komara et al. 2007
FT, report of incorporating birth KC in labor/delivery unit to increase BF
Kontos 1978
FT, RCT, maternal affectionate behavior at 3 months was higher in extended
contact (EARLY KC) group than controls.
Kovach 2002
FT. Most hospitals give KMC at delivery, some do APGARS
In KC.
Kramer et al. 2001
FT, RCT, testing of all Baby Friendly Initiative parts in 10 hospitals on BF
outcomes but independent effects of KC cannot be determined from article.
Kroeger & Smith, 2004 FT and PT, addresses the continuum of birth and says that taking babies away
and interrupting skin to skin contact is unnatural/harmful. Wonderful
references.
Johanson et al 1992
RCT, FT & PT, KC as effective as swaddling and oil massage at keeping babies
warm immediately after birth
Lamp & Zadvinskis,09
FT. Poster for non-separation at birth and birth KC.
Lazarov 1994
FT, Reviews barriers to implementing very early Kc within 30 minutes of birth
For Baby Friendly hospitals.
Lindenberg et al.1990
FT. Use of early KC (not immediate) and breastfeeding support increases
breastfeeding initiation & duration.
Ludin 2012
FT, Birth KC during Cesarean in Germany continues thuout post-op recovery and
fosters breastfeeding and maternal attachment.
Ludington-Hoe,et al,1999 PT, Descriptive report of KC with 14 preterms 34-36 week who began KC within
11 minutes of birth and had stable HR, RR, SaO2 and Temperature.
Ludington-Hoe,et al,1993 PT, Descriptive report of KC beginning within 11 minutes of birth Reports that
PT infants with 5 min APGAR of 6 or more who were in KC for 1st 6 hours
Postbirth were stable with HR, RR, SaO2, and were discharged 48 hours later.
MacDonald, 2005
Magri et al., 2013
Mance, 2008
Mangan et al. 2012
Marin et al.,2010
Preliminary report of 1999 publication.
PT, FT, summary of European Blueprint for BF that says health care workers
should have commitment to best standard practices to promote BF (Ludington adds
that Birth KC is a best practice though article does not mention KC per se.
FT. quality improvement to increase BF and birth KC was changed to Kc within 1
hour of life was hard to do but nurses adapted within one month of start date.
FT, PT review of strategies to keep babies warm at birth and says that KC can start
as soon as mother & infant are dried and head cap is placed (pg. 9).
FT, PT, review that says Birth KC may aid physiologic stability during
transition to extra=uterine life in FT and critically ill NICU patients.
FT, RCT(not really), KC at birth increased frequency of exclusive BF at discharge,
increased infant temp by 0.07 deg.C, and decreased placental expulsion time and
maternal anxiety, but not episiotomy pain.
Matthiesen et al., 2001
Ft, descriptive, 20 infants dried and then started KC. Massage of breast & nipple
and suckling stimulates oxytocin release in mom.
Mazur & Mikiel-K, 2000 FT, Descriptive, KC in first 2 hrs postbirth is not a factor in exclusive Bf of
fullterms at discharge.
Mazurek et al., 1999
FT, RCT, KC began 6-8 minutes postbirth, Skin thigh temp, HR, RR, and glucose
level best in KC group. KC grp cried 3 times less than gp 3 and less than grp 2. KC
group had optimal adaptation and special protection against hypothermia.
McCall et al., 2007, 2005 PT, LBW(<2500 g). KC was effective in reducing risk of hypothermia when
2008
administered in first 10 minutes postbirth and did better than conventional
incubator care for PT and LBW infants.
McClellan&Cab1980
FT, RCT 20 KCers started KC in cesarean section recovery room and had it for 60
min. Maternal perception in hospital was significantly higher for KC than controls,
and higher mat behavior scores in hospital and at home.
Mikiel-Kostyra et al 2002 FT, descriptive/regression. Having > 20 minutes of KC starting early after birth
Is independent predictor of breastfeeding.
Nahidi et al. 2014
FT, has developed tool to measure midwife use of Birth KC
Nimbalkar et al. 2014
PT,late Preterm, RCT of 50 having KC starting3 0min-1 hour postbirth for first 24
hours postbirth vs conventional care of NO kc for first 24 hours. All infants had HR
within normal limits. KC infants warmer and only 4% had hypothermia vs. 32% of
controls. Newborns in the SSC group achieved rapid thermal control as
compared with the control group. Early SSC for 24 h after birth decreases
incidence of hypothermia for initial 48 h of life.
Miranda-Wood 2010
FT, quality improvement project to go to SOFT when increases attachment and
keeps maternal/infant dyad together for breastfeeding and fathers protect the dyad
Mizuno et al., 2004
FT, RCT, 60 infants given 50 minutes of KC immediately after birth recognized
their own mother’s milk better than controls and breasfed 1.9 months longer.
Moore, E, 2005 .
FT, RCT, birth KC started at 15 mins and many + BF effectiveness outcomes
And # and onset of hunger cues greater and earlier in KC versus swaddled holding
group. Effectiveness scores higher in KC; exclusivity and duration of BF not diff.
Moore et al., 2007
FT, Cochrane update with 30 studies . VEKCers more likely to breastfeed and BF
Longer.
Moran et al. 2013
PT, FT, USAID and Save the Children are considering adding birth KC to their list
of evaluative criteria for good perinatal care for all infants (the Mat Newborn Child
Health evaluation criteria)
Munson et al. 2012
PT, late preterm care guidelines. Recommends KC immediately after birth and
continuous KC as much as possible to prevent hypoglycemia, hypothermia, and
improve breastfeeding.
Nagai et al., 2010
PT, RCT of 24/7 KMC beginning within 24 hours of birth vs after 24 hours post
birth. No differences in mortality in 1st 28 days, length of stay, adverse events or
morbidity, but birthweight loss in first 24 hours significantly less for early KC (-34
gms) than late KC (-73 gms).
Nakamura 2007
FT, case studies of infants in Birth KC who needed resuscitation. See Nakamura &
Sano for full report.
FT, 2 case studies of infants who were apneic, pale, hypotonic at 5 and 70 min
postbirth in KC at the breast. Advises close observation of HR, color, tone,
respirations.
Nelson, 2010
FT, QIP, Many verbal barriers to KC, developed coaches, gave education,
collected success stories. Relates that poster provides success stories.
Newman/Hancock, 2009 FT, Birth KC during Cesarean section commentary about how natural cesarean
birth is.
Nommsen-Rivers, 2003
FT, Review of Mikiel-Kostyra et al. 2002. She says no matter how short the
duration, if KC starts early it fosters successful breastfeeding
Nyqvist, 2009
PT, FT, KMC should being immediately after birth even with moderately preterm
infants but not necessarily with extremely preterm infants.
Pallas-Alonso et al. 2014 FT Risk factors for SUPC in delivery room
Pejovic & Herlenius,2013 FT, descriptive study of Sudden Infant Collapse (sudden unexpected postnatal
collapse) which occurred in 26/ 68,364 live-born infants, an incidence of
38/100,000 live births. Sixteen required resuscitation with ventilation >1min
and 14 of these remained unexplained (21/100,000). Fifteen of the 26 children
were found in a prone position, during skin-to-skin contact.5 developed HIE and
24 had good outcomes. Some had collapse while mom was on smart phone.
SUPC in apparent healthy babies is associated with initial, unsupervised
breastfeeding, prone position, primiparity and distractions
Phillipp &Jean-Marie 2007 Review, policy paper saying that Baby Friendly initiative includes Birth KC to
improve BF outcomes (pg. 11 of article).
Price & Johnson, 2005
FT, Implementation process. Birth KC went from 0% to 80% within 18 months in
British hospital trying to increase breastfeeding.
Ransjo-Arvidson et al 2001 FT, Descriptive. Placed in KC immediately after birth and better BF movements
Observed in babies who did not get exposed to maternal analgesia and others did
Not breastfeed within 2.5 hours of birth.
Redshaw et al. 2014
FT. population based survey of timing, duration, and outcomes (BF, maternal
health and wellbeing). Vaginal delivery moms who had early KC and longer
duration of initial KC had higher BF initiation rate and BF at discharge. Maternal
well-being and satisfaction were higher if contact was EARLY and LONGER.
Romano 2007
FT, review of Moore’s Cochrane. Interesting views of Birth KC
Romano 2007
FT, review of Jonas 2007 article and says epidural prevents normal infant temp on
PPD2 and that babies need natural environment of birth KC continuing.
Romano & Lothian 2008 FT. review of evidence for KC at birth and doing newborn assessment in Birth
C and mother and infant sleeping together in KC (Sleeping together in KC is in
text book Davidson et al, 2012 under Textbooks that mention KC on the KC bib.).
Romano 2009
FT,Review. Criticizes KC studies at birth because they really do not start
Immediately after birth and then they are only measuring adaptation to many
disruptions. Recommends KC immediately after birth and non-separation.
Romano, 2010
FT, says that measuring the duration of skin to skin contact at birth should be new
vital sign because it predicts exclusivity of BF.
Rowe-Murray/Fisher 2003 FT, review of baby friendly practices and says that KC does not occur in first hour
post birth with c/s patients and that this is barrier to early initiation of breastfeeding.
Salariya et al. 1978
FT, study of ‘extra contact’ for first 2 hours after birth and how it facilitated early
initiation of breastfeeding.
Sallam et al. 2012
FT, descriptive, birth KC is done little, but KC was second biggest predictor of
initiation of BF within an hour of birth (after maternal illness), and they did NSVD
and C/S deliveries
Sandin-Bojo et al.2004
FT, evaluation of implementation of WHO 1996 normal birth guidelines for “infant
2006,2007, 2008, 2011,
is placed in skin to skin” afterbirth and by 2007 this part had become routine in one
and more Swedish maternity units. In 2006, skin-to-skin placement was not
documented at all.
Saxton et al., 2013
FT, regression analysis that showed that birth KC significantly and greatly reduced
likelihood of postpartum hemorrhage.
Nakamura & Sano, 2008
Senarath et al, 2007
Sheridan 1999
Sinclair, ????
Singh et al. 2012
FT, RCT of hospitals, one group of hospitals taught WHO’s Essentials of Newborn
Care which includes Birth KC. Training increased Birth KC by 1.5 times.
FT, practicing midwifes have concern over body temp regulation with KC
immediately after birth.
FT, PT, on page 52 says babies will not get warm in KC but does review
Fardig andWhitelaw and Acolet studies about baby warmth and then on
page 224-225 has review of birth KC studies on maternal behaviors.
FT. Correlation between Birth KC and neonatal mortality over first three
days of life. Babies in KC were less likely to die.
Sinusas & Gagliardi 2001 FT, clinical guidelines for docs about doing Birth KC (use head cap, delay
procedures, cover with blanket for warmth, do it immediately after birth.
Sizun et al. 1999
PT, Case study of birth KC and it improved bonding and better physiologic
stability.
Smit et al., 2014
FT, Compared values of 109 infants in first ten minutes after birth with
reference standards. All values within reference standards range, but birth KC
had higher saO2 with slower increase over first 3 minutes, lower heart rate with
slower increase over first three minutes and less tachycardia and more
bradycardia (in first three minutes). Birth KC babies stay in clinically acceptable
ranges.
Smith et al. 2008
FT, Cesarean birth KC is described.
Smith, et al. 2009
FT, cesarean birth KC commentary to Newman and Hancocks’s rebuttal in 2009
about Smith 2008 saying that cesarean will never be natural. They say doing
KC at birth adds normal elements to the otherwise abnormal birth.
Smith et al. 2012
FT, quality improvement project to implement Birth KC re Baby Friendly status
Srivastata et al. 2014
FT, RCT. BKC led to more exclusive BF at 1st follow-up and 6 wks, better
sucking competence (IBFAT score), better maternal satisfaction, better temp
gain immediately postpartum, less weight loss at discharge and follow-up, &
less morbidity.
Stanton et al., 2013
PT, FT, Kc is considered a high impact measure of peripartum care and
should be included in the MNCH (Maternal , Newborn, child Health)
parameters to be measured . This was qualitative study of mothers in
Stevens et al 2014
FT, Review of 7 reports of KC with C/S and relates that WHO and UN
International Child Emergency Fund both recommend KC immediately after
vaginal birth and as soon as mother is alert and responding after c/s birth. KC for
c/s has many positive effects (BF initiation, first BF sooner, maternal
satisfaction, etc. etc.)
Takahashi et al, 2010
FT, two groups, early initiation (< 5 mins or later) and short/long duration (<60
mins or > 60 mins) in first two hours post-birth. HR stability has higher
probabilitiy with early initiation and lower stress occurs with longer duration.
Taylor, 1985
FT, RCT of 50 primip moms 25 of whom got KC in first hour after birth, but
KC alone did not effect breastfeeding duration, but KC + suckling within 30-70
minutes of birth did, and those women who did KC+suckling were more likely
to still be breastfeeding at 2 months postpartum than moms who did not.
Thomson et al., 1979
FT, RCT of 15 controls and 15 KC who started KC 15-30 minutes post-birth.
Effect of very early KC on breastfeeding at discharge, months later and BF success
defined as BF for two months or longer. KC moms/infants did better in all
outcomes.
Thukral et al. 2012
FT, RCT of KC for two hours after birth vs. control who got no KC. Feeding
videotaped at 48 hours and at 6 mos. KC did not create difference in BF behaviors
at discharge, but increased exclusivity of BF at 48 hrs and 6 mos.
United States BF Comm 2010
This helpful online document that shows ways to help implement the Joint
Commission’s Perinatal Core Measure of Exclusive Breast Milk Feedings talks
about changing electronic records to record duration of Birth KC.
Uvnas-Moberg, 1996
Review, FT, animal and human studies showing that birth KC is optimal care
Uvnas-Moberg, 1999
Review, FT, animal and human studies showing less maternal stress with birth KC
Vaidya et al., 2005
Varner 2008
Vaughans 1990
FT. 92 moms given a few minutes of early postpartum KC and it more significantly
affected exclusive BF up to 6 months than early initiation of BF.
FT, commentary of Smith et al. 2008 article on Cesarean KC, says that
evaluative criteria need to be presented.
FT
Van den Bosch et al., 1993
Velandia et al. 2010
FT, RCT, 25 mins of Birth KC . Infants vocalized during this early contact
Velandia et al. 2012
FT, RCT, 25 mins of Birth KC immediately after cesarean birth with either
father or mother. Parents interacted with infants differently and being with
mother promoted BF.
Villalon et al., 1992
WABA 2007
World Alliance of Breastfeeding says immediate KC is important.
Walters et al.,2007
FT, Birth KC with 10 infants who all went to breast by 52 minutes post birth and
none had hypoglycemia nor hypothermia and all had perfect MEALS
breastfeeding scores.
Warren 2008
FT, Review, relates that biggest implementation problem is change in routine,
mothers want instinctually to do it and it is SENSITIVE PERIOD.
Weddig et al. 2011
FT, nurse managers impressions of changes one yr after RNS completed the
BFHI online course. Little change in nursing behaviors related to skin-to-skin,
first breastfeeding, latch and milk transfer, and documentation of evidence-based
practices, but did change their behavior related to use of formula supplement.
Managers indicated that hospital policy and procedures changed after nurses
completed the online course in two hospitals
WHO, 1996
FT, recommends that the infant be placed skin to skin within 30 minutes after
delivery.
WHO/UNICEF 1989
FT, review. Position statement that infants should receive KC and be allowed to
breastfeed within 30 minutes of birth.
WHO/UNICEF 1992
FT. provides global guidelines for KC within 30 minutes of vaginal birth
WHO/UNICEF 1992
FT. provides guidelines for hospital adaptation of Baby Friendly step 4 which is
KC beginning within 30 minutes of birth to promote BF
Winberg et al.1998
FT, says that newborn recognizes amniotic scent on hands and on breast at birth
and this helps infant locate nipple when placed near the breast, not BIRTH KC
per se
Winberg,2005
FT, mom’s body is NATURAL PLAYGROUND for newborn, and being in
contact with mom increases mutual co-regulation/synchrony of many
physiologic, breastfeeding, and behavioral systems.
Zambito et al 2010
FT, Quasi-exp to introduce birth KC to nurses.38 RNS volunteered and took
tests related to article and policies and had supervised skills, scripted talks to
parents, etc. and “Nurses changed practice and implementation of KC
significantly increased.”pg S109.
Zimba et al., 2012
Neonatal mortality form 2000-2010 in Malawi reduced greatly due to “high
impact interventions for newborn survival” like birth KC and KMC.
NEAR BIRTH ( EARLY KC)
Worku & Kassie, 2005
PT, RCT of 32 weekers started on KC at 10 hours postbirth and kept there for
4.6 days. 91% were discharged before 7 days of age and better survival in KC
group.