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•4 ü
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c
œ Use a computational
representation to illustrate the relationships among Earth systems and
how those relationships are being modified due to human
activity.´
Using Mathematics and Computational Thinking: Use a
computational representation of phenomena or design solutions to describe
and/or support claims and/or explanations. (HS-ESS3-6)
Ó
ESS2.D: Weather and Climate: Current models predict that, although
future regional climate changes will be complex and varied, average
global temperatures will continue to rise. The outcomes predicted by
global climate models strongly depend on the amounts of human-generated
greenhouse gases added to the atmosphere each year and by the ways in
which these gases are absorbed by the ocean and biosphere. (secondary to
HS-ESS3-6)
ESS3.D: Global
Climate Change: Through computer simulations and other studies, important
discoveries are still being made about how the ocean, the atmosphere, and
the biosphere interact and are modified in response to human activities.
(HS-ESS3-6)
Ü
û
Ú
Systems and System Models: When investigating or describing a
system, the boundaries and initial conditions of the system need to be
defined and their inputs and outputs analyzed and described using models.
(HS-ESS3-6)
HS-ESS3-4.j Evaluate or refine a technological solution that reduces
impacts of human activities on natural systems.* õ
Constructing
Explanations and Designing Solutions: Design or refine a solution to a
complex real-world problem, based on scientific knowledge, studentgenerated sources of ev idence, prioritized criteria, and tradeoff
considerations. (HS-ESS3-4)
2
9
ESS3.C: Human Impacts on Earth Systems:
Scientists and engineers can make major contributions by developing
technologies that produce less pollution and waste and that preclude
ecosystem degradation. (HS-ESS3-4)
ETS1.B: Developing Possible Solutions: When evaluating solutions, it is
important to take into account a range of constraints, including cost,
safety, reliability, and aesthetics, and to consider social, cultural,
and environmental impacts. (secondary to HS-ESS3-2),(secondary HS-ESS34)
'
?
‡ Stability and Change: Feedback (negative or positive) can stabilize
or destabilize a system. (HS-ESS3-4) Influence of Science, Engineering,
and Technology on Society and the Natural World: Engineers continuously
modify these technological systems by applying scientific knowledge and
engineering design practices to increase benefits while decreasing costs
and risks. (HS-ESS3-2),(HS-ESS3-4)
i
½
HS-ESS3-6.
HS-ESS3-3.£ Create a computational simulation to illustrate the
relationships among management of natural resources, the sustainability
of human populations, and biodiversity.š
Using Mathematics and
Computational Thinking: Create a computational model or simulation of a
phenomenon, designed device, process, or system. (HS-ESS3-3)
·
ESS3.C: Human Impacts on Earth Systems: The sustainability of human
societies and the biodiversity that supports them requires responsible
management of natural resources. (HS-ESS3-3)
'
`
Cause and Effect: Empirical evidence is required to differentiate
between cause and correlation and make claims about specific causes and
effects. (HS-ESS3- 1)
Influence of Science,
Engineering, and Technology on Society and the Natural World: Modern
civilization depends on major technological systems. (HS-ESS3-1),(HSESS3-3)
¹
HS.Human Sustainability
HS-ESS3-1.° Construct an explanation based on evidence for how the
availability of natural resources, occurrence of natural hazards, and
changes in climate have influenced human activity. Ž
C o n s t r u c t i n g
E x p l a n a t i o n s
a n d
D e s i g n i n g
S o l u t i o n s :
C o n s t r u c t
a n
e x p l a n a t i o n
b a s e d
o n
v a l i d
a n d
r e l i a b l e
e v i d e n c e
o b t a i n e d
f r o m
a
v a r i e t y
o f
s o u r c e s
( i n c l u d i n g
s t u d e n t s
o w n
i n v e s t i g a t i o n s ,
m o d e l s ,
t h e o r i e s ,
s i m u l a t i o n s ,
p e e r
r e v i e w )
a n d
t h e
a s s u m p t i o n
t h a t
t h e o r i e s
a n d
l a w s
t h a t
d e s c r i b e
t h e
n a t u r a l
w o r l d
o p e r a t e
t o d a y
a s
t h e y
d i d
i n
t h e
p a s t
a n d
w i l l
c o n t i n u e
t o
d o
s o
i n
t h e
f u t u r e .
( H S - E S S 3 - 1 )
2
]
ESS3.A: Natural Resources: Resource availability has guided the
development of human society. (HS-ESS3-1)
ESS3.B: Natural Hazards: Natural hazards and other geologic events have
shaped the course of human history; [they] have significantly altered the
sizes of human populations and have driven human migrations. (HS-ESS31)
ƒ
œ
HS-LS2-4.€ Use mathematical representations to support claims
for the cycling of matter and flow of energy among organisms in an
ecosystem.•
Using Mathematics and Computational Thinking: Use
mathematical representations of phenomena or design solutions to support
claims. (HS-LS2-4)
,
LS2.B: Cycles of Matter and Energy Transfer in Ecosystems: Plants
or algae form the lowest level of the food web. At each link upward in a
food web, only a small fraction of the matter consumed at the lower level
is transferred upward, to produce growth and release energy in cellular
respiration at the higher level. Given this inefficiency, there are
generally fewer organisms at higher levels of a food web. Some matter
reacts to release energy for life functions, some matter is stored in
newly made structures, and much is discarded. The chemical elements that
make up the molecules of organisms pass through food webs and into and
out of the atmosphere and soil, and they are combined and recombined in
different ways. At each link in an ecosystem, matter and energy are
conserved. (HS-LS2-4)
:
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b
m
p
f
7
e
o
l
i
)
v
a
e
,
E n e r g y
a n d
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E n e r g y
c a n n o t
c r e a t e d
o r
d e s t r o y e d
i t
o n l y
e s
b e t w e e n
o n e
p l a c e
a n d
a n o t h e r
c e ,
b e t w e e n
o b j e c t s
a n d / o r
l d s ,
o r
b e t w e e n
s y s t e m s .
( H S - L S 1 ( H S - L S 2 - 4 )
0 HS.Matter and Energy in Organisms and Ecosystems¯
LS1.A: Structure
and Function:
- Systems of specialized cells within organisms help them perform the
essential functions of life. (HS-LS1-1)
- All cells contain genetic information in the form of DNA molecules.
Genes are regions in the DNA that contain the instructions that code for
the formation of proteins, which carry out most of the work of cells.
(HS-LS1-1) (Note: This Disciplinary Core Idea is also addressed by HSLS3-1.)
Structure and Function: Investigating or designing new systems or
structures requires a detailed examination of the properties of different
materials, the structures of different components, and connections of
components to reveal its function and/or solve a problem. (HS-LS1-1)
HS.Structure and Function
HS-LS1-1.Ã Construct an explanation
based on evidence for how the structure of DNA determines the structure
of proteins which carry out the essential functions of life through
systems of specialized cells. •
C o n s t r u c t i n g
E x p l a n a t i o n s
a n d
D e s i g n i n g
S o l u t i o n s :
C o n s t r u c t
a n
e x p l a n a t i o n
b a s e d
o n
v a l i d
a n d
r e l i a b l e
e v i d e n c e
o b t a i n e d
f r o m
a
v a r i e t y
o f
s o u r c e s
( i n c l u d i n g
s t u d e n t s
o w n
i n v e s t i g a t i o n s ,
m o d e l s ,
t h e o r i e s ,
s i m u l a t i o n s ,
p e e r
r e v i e w )
a n d
t h e
a s s u m p t i o n
t h a t
t h e o r i e s
a n d
l a w s
t h a t
d e s c r i b e
t h e
n a t u r a l
w o r l d
o p e r a t e
t o d a y
a s
t h e y
d i d
i n
<
the past
and will continue to do so in the future. (HS-LS1-1)
2
HS-ESS2-7.p Construct an argument based on evidence about the
simultaneous coevolution of Earth's systems and life on
Earth.‡
Engaging in Argument from Evidence: Construct an oral and
written argument or counter-arguments based on data and evidence. (HSESS2-7)
$
³
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t
c
o
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r a d u a l
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o
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a
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B
d
b
c
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i
a
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t
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c
s
s
s
o n
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a n d
C l i m a t e :
o s p h e r i c
c h a n g e s
w e r e
d u e
n d
o t h e r
o r g a n i s m s
t h a t
r b o n
d i o x i d e
a n d
r e l e a s e d
- E S S 2 - 6 ) , ( H S - E S S 2 - 7 )
y :
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d
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t e m s
n
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t h a t
ì
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‡
Stability and Change: Much of science deals with constructing
explanations of how things change and how they remain stable. (HS-ESS27)
v Plan and conduct an investigation of the properties of water and its
effects on Earth materials and surface processes.œ Planning and
Carrying Out Investigations: Plan and conduct an investigation
individually and collaboratively to produce data to serve as the basis
for evidence, and in the design: decide on types, how much, and accuracy
of data needed to produce reliable measurements and consider limitations
on the precision of the data (e.g., number of trials, cost, risk, time),
and refine the design accordingly. (HS-ESS2-5)
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c e n t r a l
n a m i c s .
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t e r
s
e x c
s o r b ,
s t o
o u n t s
o f
n l i g h t ,
e
s s o l v e
a n
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t
l t i n g
p o i
T h e
f a c e
f
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r e ,
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w
u n i q u
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t h e
p l
p r o p e
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c
a n d
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g y ,
t r
d
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s s e
a t e
e
c
c a l
a n e
r t i
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l e a
a n s
f r
t
m
t i e
k s .
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s :
T h e
r
o n
E
o m b i n a
p r o p e
t
s
e s
i n c
c i t y
t
s e
l a r
m i t
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i n
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s
t i o n
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g e
,
l s ,
S S 2 -
9
Structure and Function: The functions and properties of natural and
designed objects and systems can be inferred from their overall
structure, the way their components are shaped and used, and the
molecular substructures of its various materials. (HS-ESS2-5)
S
d
f
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y s t e m
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e a s e
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ΠStability and Change: Feedback (negative or positive) can stabilize
or destabilize a system. (HS-ESS2-2) Influence of Engineering,
Technology, and Science on Society and the Natural World: New
technologies can have deep impacts on society and the environment,
including some that were not anticipated. Analysis of costs and benefits
is a critical aspect of decisions about technology. (HS-ESS2-2)
i
»
HS.Earth's Systems
HS-ESS2-2.• Analyze geoscience data to make the claim that one change
to Earth's surface can create feedbacks that cause changes to other Earth
systems. å
Analyzing and Interpreting Data: Analyze data using tools,
technologies, and/or models (e.g., computational, mathematical) in order
to make valid and reliable scientific claims or determine an optimal
design solution. (HS-ESS2-2)
ÿ
Constructing Explanations and Designing Solutions: Design,
evaluate, and refine a solution to a complex real-world problem, based on
scientific knowledge, student-generated sources of evidence, prioritized
criteria, and tradeoff considerations. (HS-LS2-7)3
”
Scale, Proportion, and Quantity: The significance of a phenomenon
is dependent on the scale, proportion, and quantity at which it occurs.
(HS-LS2-1)
!
«
Scale, Proportion, and Quantity: Using the concept
of orders of magnitude allows one to understand how a model at one scale
relates to a model at another scale. (HS-LS2-2)
‘
Stability
and Change: Much of science deals with constructing explanations of how
things change and how they remain stable. (HS-LS2-6),(HS-LS2-7)
HS-LS2-7.z Design, evaluate, and refine a solution
for reducing the impacts of human activities on the environment and
biodiversity.*T
LS2.A: Interdependent Relationships in Ecosystems:
Ecosystems have carrying capacities, which are limits to the numbers of
organisms and populations they can support. These limits result from such
factors as the availability of living and nonliving resources and from
such challenges such as predation, competition, and disease. Organisms
would have the capacity to produce populations of great size were it not
for the fact that environments and resources are finite. This fundamental
tension affects the abundance (number of individuals) of species in any
given ecosystem. (HS-LS2-1),(HS-LS2-2)
2
¨
Using Mathematics and
Computational Thinking: Use mathematical and/or computational
representations of phenomena or design solutions to support explanations.
(HS-LS2-1)
Standard
Code
9-12
Coastal Habitat Action
Plan
Adopt-A-Habitat
Watershed Mysteries
Habitat Analysis
Plant Plans
Coastal Community Planning
Bird's Eye view
Create-aWatershed
Coastal Careers
Food Web Invasion
The Great Race for
Survival
Coastal Habitat Research" Getting to the Bottom of the
Lakes
Restore and Explore- State of the Great Lakes Coast
A Sense of
Place
Coastal Journey
Activities
Area$ Scientific and Engineering Practices
Disciplinary
Core Ideas
Crosscutting Concepts@ Next Generation Science Standards +
Great Lakes in My World 9-12- HS.Interdependent Relationships in
Ecosystems
HS-LS2-1.š Use mathematical and/or computational
representations to support explanations of factors that affect carrying
capacity of ecosystems at different scales.
HS-LS2-2.® Use
mathematical representations to support and revise explanations based on
evidence about factors affecting biodiversity and populations in
ecosystems of different scales. „ Using Mathematics and Computational
Thinking: Use mathematical representations of phenomena or design
solutions to support and revise explanations. (HS-LS2-2) Scientific
Knowledge is Open to Revision in Light of New Evidence: Most scientific
knowledge is quite durable, but is, in principle, subject to change based
on new evidence and/or reinterpretation of existing evidence. (HS-LS22)
,
Ÿ
á
Std, SEP, DCI, CC
DCI
SEP, DCI, CC
SEP, CC
DCI, CC
Std, SEP, DCI, < E
CC
Std, SEP,
DCI, CCH
Stability and Change: Change and rates of change can be
quantified and modeled over very short or very long periods of time. Some
system changes are irreversible. (HS-ESS3-3)
Influence of Science, Engineering, and Technology on Society and the
Natural World:
- Modern civilization depends on major technological systems. (HS-ESS31),(HS-ESS3-3)
- New technologies can have deep impacts on society and the environment,
including some that were not anticipated. (HS-ESS3-3) Science is a Human
Endeavor: Science is a result of human endeavors, imagination, and
creativity. (HS-ESS3-3)
²
Û
ø
LS2.A: Interdependent Relationships in Ecosystems: Ecosystems have
carrying capacities, which are limits to the numbers of organisms and
populations they can support. These limits result from such factors as
the availability of living and nonliving resources and from such
challenges such as predation, competition, and disease. Organisms would
have the capacity to produce populations of great size were it not for
the fact that environments and resources are finite. This fundamental
tension affects the abundance (number of individuals) of species in any
given ecosystem. (HS-LS2-1),(HS-LS2-2)
LS2.C: Ecosystem Dynamics, Functioning, and Resilience: A complex set of
interactions within an ecosystem can keep its numbers and types of
organisms relatively constant over long periods of time under stable
conditions. If a modest biological or physical disturbance to an
ecosystem occurs, it may return to its more or less original status
(i.e., the ecosystem is resilient), as opposed to becoming a very
different ecosystem. Extreme fluctuations in conditions or the size of
any population, however, can challenge the functioning of ecosystems in
terms of resources and habitat availability. (HS-LS2-2),(HS-LS2-6)
2
µ
í
½
L S 2 . C :
E c o s y s t e m
D y n a m i c s ,
F u n c t i o n i n g ,
a n d
R e s i l i e n c e :
M o r e o v e r ,
a n t h r o p o g e n i c
c h a n g e s
( i n d u c e d
b y
h u m a n
a c t i v i t y )
i n
t h e
e n v i r o n m e n t
i n c l u d i n g
h a b i t a t
d e s t r u c t i o n ,
p o l l u t i o n ,
i n t r o d u c t i o n
o f
i n v a s i v e
s p e c i e s ,
o v e r e x p l o i t a t i o n ,
a n d
c l i m a t e
c h a n g e
c a n
d i s r u p t
a n
e c o s y s t e m
a n d
t h r e a t e n
t h e
s u r v i v a l
o f
s o m e
s p e c i e s .
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