Cornea to
 Contact Lens Related Cases
 SEAL, CLARE, VLK
 Signs and Symptoms
 Pain vs irritation
 Hyperemia status and location
 Value of NaFl staining and filter use
 Demographics
 The issues
 Lens material, lens design, dry eye dysfunction
 Systemic and ocular disease influences
 Differential Diagnosis
 Dellen, pterygium, infectious keratitis, CLSLK and foreign body staining.
 Treatment Plan
 Contact lens material and design features as well as therapeutic interventions
 Chemical trauma Cases
 Determine agent
 If combo element determine all chemical constituents
 Lavage, lavage, lavage
 Check pH of in cul-de-sac with strip
 Decrease inflammation
 Steroids x 2 weeks (acute phase)
 Cycloplegics and antibiotic
 Role of oral doxycycline
 Infectious Keratitis Cases
 The challenging ones
 Fungal and Acanthamoeba
 Demographics and risk factors
 May look like bacterial/viral ulcerative keratitis
 Can be indolent with periods of waxing and waning
 The role of auxiliary instrumentation and tests such as in vivo confocal
microscopy and laboratory analyses.
 When should they be ordered?
 Signs and Symptoms
 Differential diagnosis
 Treatment and Management
 Balancing treatment effects with adverse reactions
 Knowing when to refer
 Corneal dystrophy Cases
 Demographics and Prevalence
 Genetics
 Heterogeneity and penetrance
 Signs and Symptoms
 Visual acuity
 Biomicroscopy
 Hints
 The role of auxiliary instrumentation
 Histopathology
 Aberrant basement membrane formation
 Amyloid, cholesterol and hyaline
 Thickened posterior limiting lamina
 abnormal endothelial products
 collagen variants
 Prognosis
 Treatment Options
 Monitor
 Rationale for contact lens options
 Therapeutic indications
 PKP, DSAE, DLEK and others
Retina
 Diabetic Retinopathy Case
 Pathogenesis
 Risk factors for retinopathy
 Severity scale
 Nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR)
 Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR)
 Diabetic macular edema
 Focal
 Diffuse
 Diagnostic testing
 Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)
 Fluorescein Angiography (FA)
 Treatment
 Diabetic clinical trials
 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS)
 Diabetic Retinopathy Study (DRS)
 Diabetic Retinopathy Vitrectomy Study (DRVS)


Laser
 Focal
 Pan Retinal Photocoagulation (PRP)
Intravitreal injection
 Central Retinal Vein Occlusion Case
 Pathogenesis
 Risk factors
 Classification
 Perfused
 Clinical features / findings
 Complications
 Non-perfused
 Clinical features / findings
 Complications
 Diagnostic testing
 FA
 OCT
 Treatment
 Central Vein Occlusion Study (CVOS)
 Observation
 PRP
 Prognosis
 Age-Related Macular Degeneration Case
 Pathogenesis
 Risk factors
 Classification
 Non-exudative
 Clinical features / findings
 Exudative
 Clinical features / findings
 Complications
 Diagnostic testing
 FA
 OCT
 Treatment
 Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS)
 Intravitreal injection
 Prognosis
 Cystoid Macular Edema Case
 Etiologies
 Clinical presentation / features
 Diagnostic testing
 FA
 OCT
 Treatment
 Topical
 Oral
 Injection
 Macular Hole Case
 Etiologies
 Types
 Full thickness
 Clinical features / findings
 Partial thickness
 Clinical features /findings
 Stages
 I
 II
 III
 IV
 Diagnostic testing
 OCT
 FA
 Treatment
 Pars plana vitrectomy with gas/fluid exchange
 Prognosis