1
Sagehen Creek Field Station Progress Report, FY2012-13
August 1, 2013
By James Kirchner, Jeff Brown, Faerthen Felix
11616 Sagehen Road | P.O. Box 939 | Truckee, CA 96160
530-587-4830
sagehen@berkeley.edu
http://sagehen.berkeley.edu
2
Introduction.
Sagehen Creek Field Station visitation continues to rise, reaching a new record of
over 18,000 user days in FY2012-13.
From Jeff and Faerthen’s very first day on the job in 2001, it was clear that the
Sagehen funding and operating models had changed irrevocably. We had no choice
but to become immensely collaborative and highly entrepreneurial within the
confines of a strictly non-commercial endeavor. We remain so today.
We consider Sagehen to be just a small piece of a much bigger picture, and we
constantly look for and foster relationships with a broad spectrum of entities that
share our goals. Our 2005 Vision Statement was developed in collaboration with
every stakeholder we could think to invite. In 2013, this community-developed
document continues to inform and direct everything we do.
Major collaborative partners in FY2012-13 included (in no particular order):
US Forest Service (USFS)
National Forest Foundation (NFF)
Mountain Research Institute (MRI)
UC Natural Reserve System (UCNRS)
DataOne
iNaturalist
Sierra Nevada Conservancy (SNC)
Sierra Business Council (SBC)
Aldo Leopold Foundation (ALF)
California Fish and Wildlife (CAF&W)
US Geological Survey (USGS)
Trout Unlimited (TU)
CalTrout
Sierra Forest Legacy
Sierra-Pacific Industries (SPI)
Northern Sierra Partnership
Lake Tahoe Conservancy
Yosemite National Park
KidZone Museum
Nevada Museum of Art (NMA)
The Nature Conservancy (TNC)
Truckee Airport Board
Tahoe-Donner Land Trust
Aldo Leopold Foundation
Pacific Southwest Research Station (PSW)
Desert Research Institute (DRI)
Truckee River Watershed Council (TRWC)
Organization of Biological Field Stations (OBFS)
American Institute of Biological Science (AIBS)
US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS)
UC Cooperative Extension (UCCE)
Lahontan Regional Water Quality Control Board
Sierra Watershed Education Partnership (SWEP)
North Tahoe Environmental Education Coalition
(NTEEC)
UC Agriculture and Natural Resources (UCANR)
Tahoe-Truckee Unified School District (TTUSD)
Representative McClintock’s office
Congressman Boxer’s office
Congressman Feinstein’s office
Sierra County Board of Supervisors
Nevada County Board of Supervisors
Sierra County Wildlife Commission
California Deer Association
Town of Truckee
Trust for Public Lands
Caltrans
In addition to these community partners, in FY2012-13 Sagehen also hosted
researchers and educators from many universities, schools and organizations,
including University of Nevada, University of Maryland, UC Berkeley, UC Davis, UC
Merced, UC Riverside, UC Los Angeles, UC Santa Barbara, UC Santa Cruz, San
Francisco State University, American River College, Riverside Community College,
Colorado State University, Colorado School of Mines, Duke University, University of
Eastern Finland, and the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology.
11616 Sagehen Road | P.O. Box 939 | Truckee, CA 96160
530-587-4830
sagehen@berkeley.edu
http://sagehen.berkeley.edu
3
Mission
Sagehen’s mission intentionally tracks with the mission of the University of
California: Research, Education and Public Service. Our usage is roughly equally
divided between these three areas.
When things are working right, all three areas of emphasis interplay and feed back
into each other on every project in which we participate. For instance, conversations
with the US Forest Service about their needs led to massive data collection, a Ph.D.
“SPLATs” thesis, and agency research & development (research), which provided
new insights and direction for land management, fodder for a major art project
(public service), and created demonstration plots used by many classes and in public
outreach (education).
As a result of our collaborative approach, the past five years have seen the
condensation of a nebulous cloud of related issues at Sagehen Creek Field Station.
We are experiencing the emergence of an over-arching narrative that ties together
over 60 years of science effort in the basin and surrounding area, and applies it to
address real-world education and land management issues at the local, regional,
national and international scales.
Research
Research at Sagehen covers many areas, including wildlife, fisheries, hydrology,
climate change, education. Abstracts of all current research at Sagehen can be read
on our calendar.
in FY2012-13, over 60 scholarly publications resulted from our collaborations and
other Sagehen research. All publications of which we are aware are listed by Google
Scholar, or in our downloadable bibliography. These publications show that Sagehen
data is being used all over the world to address landscape-scale issues, particularly
in the fields of hydrology and geomorphology.
Education
University-level education presented at Sagehen in FY2012-13 reached over 200
students and included:
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UC Davis ENT 109: Insect Taxonomy and Field Ecology
UC Davis ECL 200A: Principles of Ecology
UC Santa Barbara ES 176B
San Francisco State University GEOL 451: Watershed Analysis Using
Fluvial Geomorphology
American River College NATR 320: Principles of Ecology
University of Nevada-Reno: Forest and Range Soils
University of Nevada-Reno BIOL 434: Mammalogy
University of Nevada-Reno NRES 100: Principles of Natural Resources &
Environmental Science
University of Nevada-Reno: Undergraduate Field Methods in Geography
11616 Sagehen Road | P.O. Box 939 | Truckee, CA 96160
530-587-4830
sagehen@berkeley.edu
http://sagehen.berkeley.edu
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Public Service
As with our local science, we are actively integrating Sagehen’s efforts into broaderscale regional, national and international approaches to citizen science, education
and funding.
In FY2012-13, Sagehen worked with DataOne to develop Best Practices for field data
collection and management. We worked with the UC Natural Reserve System and
Organization of Biological Field Stations to operate these organizations in more
coordinated and networked ways. And we constantly try to present our research and
education efforts to under-served populations, some of which are less than obvious.
For sixty years, Sagehen scientists have been collecting facts here like little
butterflies. Seldom, if ever, has anyone attempted to decipher their impact and pin
them into a cohesive narrative. We can discuss the meaning of any specific study,
but the meaning of the bigger picture? That’s harder. What is the significance of all
this work? How does the entire watershed function, not just its pieces? How do
people fit in?
Upon the creation of the Sagehen Experimental Forest in 2005, we were thrilled and
thought that the value of this designation, which shifted management focus to
research from multiple-use, was self-evident. So, we were floored when we heard a
local say that, “It seems kind of elitist”. Clearly, our message was not getting out.
What, really, is our message? How do we communicate with populations outside the
scientific and local communities? Why should they care about this work?
Finally addressing these questions is what’s so exciting about…
1. The 50 year art project. “Out of the science springs the art.” – Newton
Harrison. Helen and Newton Harrison are internationally renowned
environmental artists with gallery representation in New York City. Their work
attempts to present scientifically sound solutions to environmental issues.
Past projects include a national land-use planning strategy that was adopted
by the Netherlands, and the invention of living roofs for a meadow restoration
in Germany. The University of California at Santa Cruz created the Center for
the Study of Force Majeure to study the Harrison’s body of work.
The Center for Art + Environment at the Nevada Museum of Art in Reno
recently hired the Harrisons to produce a 50 year art project addressing
climate change in mountainous areas. Sagehen will function as the outdoor
exhibit for this project, with additional sister sites in the Alps, Himalayas and
Andes. The concept is to create a series of frames near areas being altered as
part of the Sagehen Forest Project, then to manipulate the vegetation within
these plots to attempt to counter effects of climate change to increase water
yield.
In addition to the museum support, the artwork has attracted $220K in
development funding, making it, already, one of the largest projects in
Sagehen’s history.
11616 Sagehen Road | P.O. Box 939 | Truckee, CA 96160
530-587-4830
sagehen@berkeley.edu
http://sagehen.berkeley.edu
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Reference: The Force Majeure document from the Harrison Studio and the
Center for the Study of the Force Majeure, UC Santa Cruz, California. 2012,
Helen and Newton Harrison.
2. Proprietary programs. Sagehen presented a number of self-funded public
education programs in FY2012-13, including Adventure-Risk-Challenge (ARC),
our literacy, science and leadership program for at-risk teens (now also in
Yosemite National Park); a professional development course in
geomorphology and river restoration; a district-wide 5th grade NSF GK12
science program in partnership with UC Berkeley.
3. Citizen Science. In FY2012-13, Sagehen adopted iNaturalist as its citizen
science platform, and began using volunteers to document the biota of the
basin for the first time: we are currently at 426 taxa observed and 1,979 total
observations. We hosted a pilot offering of California Naturalist, a new
UCANR-developed program that certifies qualified citizen scientists and
docents. Several of our freshly-minted California Naturalists recently
developed and managed a public volunteer program at Sagehen.
We added a new volunteer Collections Manager. Erica Krimmel is a museum
curator who is managing, digitizing and expanding our teaching collections.
She also offers plant hunting and mounting sessions to the interested public,
and coordinates California Naturalist volunteers working to photograph our
mammal collection.
4. Public outreach and GK12 education. Approximately 750 people
participated in FY2012-13 education and outreach by groups like
Expeditionary Learning School, Creekside Cooperative Charter School,
Earthwatch, Granite Bay Fly Casters, Insect Sciences Museum of California,
Trout Unlimited, KidZone Children’s Museum, Marie’s Daycare, Truckee-Tahoe
Unified School District.
In cooperation with the Aldo Leopold Foundation, we also hosted two of their
Land Ethic Leadership courses in FY2012-13 in order to foster better
environmental communication within the local community, and expand this
excellent tool outside Wisconsin.
These programs all increase community ownership and commitment to
Sagehen.
5. Congressional awareness. This year, Sagehen worked extensively with UC
Berkeley’s Office of Government Affairs, American Institute of Biological
Science, the National Forest Foundation, the US Forest Service and Pacific
Southwest Research Station to present our projects to Congressional staffers
during site tours, and during the Tahoe Summit.
6. Social Media. We expanded our social media outreach, with new Sagehen
365 photos, iNaturalist projects, energized Facebook presence.
11616 Sagehen Road | P.O. Box 939 | Truckee, CA 96160
530-587-4830
sagehen@berkeley.edu
http://sagehen.berkeley.edu
6
Initiatives
There are several ongoing major initiatives that serve to focus and integrate science
questions, education and outreach in the basin. In many cases, we recruit
researchers and educators to address knowledge gaps, then assist with connecting
them to funding partners:
1. Forest Management. The northern Sierra Nevada was largely denuded of
timber during the Comstock silver strike in Virginia City, the construction of
the transcontinental railroad, and the post WWII construction boom. The
forest that re-grew was optimized for timber harvest, which now shows
limited diversity of tree species, size and age class, as well as a massive
accumulation of fuel due to a century of aggressive fire suppression.
This is not a healthy structure for a forest nor for the things that live in the
forest: large fuel loads along with high susceptibility to drought, insect
infestation and disease result in devastatingly hot and destructive wild fires
and declining wildlife habitat quality. Unfortunately, much of the forested
western US suffers from the same conditions. Due to a warming, drying
climate since their establishment after the last ice age, forests cannot always
recover or reestablish after these disruptive events.
At this point in time, the forests need active manipulation to return them to a
more natural, resilient, fire-tolerant structure, but this is too expensive to do
everywhere. A strategy for treating a smaller portion of the forest that yields
similar benefits was proposed and adopted by the Forest Service in the early
2000’s. The strategy was called SPLATs, Strategically Placed Land Area
Treatments. The idea involves thinning and removing fuel from roughly 30%
of forested areas in a waffle-like pattern. This approach shifts the choice of
treatment zones from smaller, more targeted and logistically or politically
motivated areas, to a broader “landscape” management perspective.
But SPLATs had never been tested on a real forest, nor in areas with
topographic relief. In partnership with the Forest Service, Berkeley professors
Scott Stephens and John Battles decided to implement the strategy at
Sagehen. They funded a Ph.D. student and a massive data collection effort.
Creating what is one of the best data sets of its kind, the study sampled the
entire basin for vegetation and fuels, including a grid of permanent 500-m2
plots where every tree is tagged and measured, canopy closure determined,
and ground fuels classified. LiDAR laser mapping created high-resolution
topographic maps at 1-m resolution, for both vegetated and bare-earth
surfaces. A solid fire history dating back to the 1800’s was drawn from live
trees and Comstock-era stumps.
Existing remote sensing and fire models were enhanced with this data and
new predictive tools created. In this process, it became obvious that while
these treatments would definitely disrupt fire behavior, their implementation
would potentially impact wildlife, water and other forest products. To fill in the
missing pieces, the Forest Service’s Pacific Southwest Research Station (PSW)
put together an interdisciplinary team to come up with a guiding document: a
science synthesis on the broader natural ecology of east-side pine forests.
11616 Sagehen Road | P.O. Box 939 | Truckee, CA 96160
530-587-4830
sagehen@berkeley.edu
http://sagehen.berkeley.edu
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The result, General Technical Report (GTR) 220, provided a big picture view
of the issue and how to structure forests that are not just fire-resistant, but
also topographically diverse, wildlife friendly and responsive to today’s--and
tomorrow’s--altered climate conditions.
With this tool in hand, Sagehen worked with the Forest Service to create a
collaborative process to decide what to do in the basin forest, where, and how
to do it. We invited everyone who might be interested: loggers,
environmentalists, agency staff, academics, NGOs, interested citizens. And
they came. We hired a facilitator. We created a public outreach blog and
posted every document the group created. We treated two demo plots so
everyone could see the ideas on the ground rather than just in the abstract.
The group spent the last year and a half hammering out a solution that
everyone could live with.
And, amazingly, everyone was able to agree. The project was approved
without litigation at any stage. Official letters of support came from both the
loggers and the environmentalists.
Additionally, the National Forest Foundation has jumped on board, adopting
the Truckee River watershed for their “Treasured Landscapes” initiative, and
promoting the Sagehen Forest Project as the best way to address forest
restoration efforts in the area.
This project potentially offers other forests a way around the logjam of
litigation and contentiousness that has shut down virtually every timber
management project proposed on public lands in the western US in recent
years. As such, the Lake Tahoe Basin Management Unit has adopted the
strategy and worked hard to shift their employees toward this new paradigm.
Their public collaboration begins next spring and will include Sagehen. A large
forest management project at the Truckee-Airport Board’s Waddle Ranch is
also modeled after the Sagehen Forest Project.
The Sagehen Forest Project is creating momentum to revisit past basin
research and answer larger questions than this science originally addressed.
In addition to the vast forest structure inventory, and in anticipation of the
coming changes to the landscape, hydrology and soils data collection
expanded this year. And researchers actively re-sampled historic small
mammal trapping transects, fish and bird surveys, and pine marten
monitoring dating back to the 1960’s. Protected Activity Centers (PACs) set
aside for species of concern like Northern Goshawks and California Spotted
Owls are being watched carefully to see if the animals really do prefer the
current conditions, or if they will move when different local habitat becomes
available.
Reference: http://sagehenforest.blogspot.com/
2. Hydrology/meteorology. Drawing conclusions about natural processes is
impossible without long-term datasets. With over 60 years of accumulated
meteorology and stream data, Sagehen possesses one of the longest running
datasets in the country. The associated Sierra Snow Laboratory has the
11616 Sagehen Road | P.O. Box 939 | Truckee, CA 96160
530-587-4830
sagehen@berkeley.edu
http://sagehen.berkeley.edu
8
longest snow pack dataset in the western US. With every passing year, this
data grows more useful and valuable across disciplines and geography,
making it easier to ask questions, get answers, and create tools.
Sagehen continues to be a node in the National Atmospheric Deposition
Program, as well as a US Geological Survey Hydrologic Benchmark stream.
Currently, there are 12 radio-linked meteorological towers in the Sagehen
basin, as well as 2 in the North Fork of the American River Research and
Conservation Agreement area. This network was originally installed under the
Keck Hydrowatch project, with substantial additional contributions, including
maintenance, from Desert Research Institute.
This year, the system communications expanded and improved due to a pair
of National Science Foundation grant awards in collaboration with the UC
Natural Reserve System. The larger goal of the grants is to link the reserves
into a coordinated California observation network. But this expansion also
includes new wifi penetration around the field station riparian area via a
network of portable towers designed to facilitate field data collection,
including citizen science on the iNaturalist platform arising from our
developing cadre of California Naturalists.
3. Highway-89 Road Ecology. Animal-vehicle collisions cause $8.8B in
property damage every year. Sagehen’s access road, California Highway-89,
represents about 300,000-miles of similar roadway in the US that transects
good wildlife habitat and has moderate traffic volume that encourages wildlife
to try to cross, often with catastrophic results.
In 1979, the local Caltrans shed began writing down all the animals they
removed from this highway segment, along with mile markers to the 1/10.
This is now the world’s best road kill database.
The Highway-89 Stewardship Team formed to exploit this resource in an
attempt to learn how to ameliorate the situation. The team consists of Sierra
County Fish and Wildlife Commission, Sierra County, USDA Forest
Service: Tahoe National Forest & Pacific Southwest Research Station,
California Department of Fish and Game, California Department of
Transportation (Caltrans), University of California Cooperative Extension, UC
Berkeley-Sagehen Creek Field Station, California Deer Association, University
of California, Davis.
This year, we continued radio-collar monitoring of our local migratory deer
herd, and camera monitoring of our first animal under-crossing at Kyburz
Flat. Caltrans programmed spending for two new wildlife under-crossings in
2015 and the team worked with their engineers on the design. The team also
developed a new Road Ecology professional development course to be
presented at Sagehen in summer 2013.
4. Lahontan Cutthroat Trout reintroduction. Sagehen was originally founded
for fisheries and wildlife research. A big part of what we know about wild
Brook trout today comes out of work by Sagehen Director Paul “Doc”
11616 Sagehen Road | P.O. Box 939 | Truckee, CA 96160
530-587-4830
sagehen@berkeley.edu
http://sagehen.berkeley.edu
9
Needham and his graduate students in the 1950’s. Today, Sagehen remains
the California benchmark stream for wild trout biomass.
Needham was the first to recognize that the Lahontan Cutthroat Trout (LCT)
of adjacent Independence Lake was the last self-reproducing native and
genetically pure population of this species, the largest trout in the world. This
population was historically connected to Sagehen Creek.
A more recent Sagehen Master’s thesis, Exploring Reintroduction of Lahontan
Cutthroat Trout in a Headwater Stream (2007), evaluated competition
between native and non-native trout, confirming the inability of LCTs to
compete with introduced wild Brook, Brown and Rainbow trout.
As our surface and groundwater continues to warm in the region, these
highly-sensitive non-native trout will begin to find our streams uninhabitable.
Anecdotally, this appears to already be happening at Sagehen.
The native Lahontan Cutthroat Trout, however, evolved in the receding
waters of endorheic (closed basin) Pleistocene Lake Lahontan, equipping the
animal to deal with a much broader range of temperature, flow, salinity and
pH. If we are to have Northern Sierra trout streams in the not-too-distant
future, it seems likely that the only trout able to survive will be the LCT.
This year, California Dept. of Fish & Wildlife let a contract to fund a fish
barrier feasibility study at Sagehen Creek. Creating an effective barrier is the
first step toward reintroduction of this native fish.
The Future
Moving forward, we intend to continue to work collaboratively on research, education
and public service projects of broad regional and national interest.
This includes a new effort by PSW to create a groundbreaking 250,000-acre,
landscape-scale Experimental Forest on the Tahoe National Forest. We are working
with our local Forest Service office and PSW to ensure that the Truckee District,
which includes Sagehen Creek, is the chosen site.
We are also beginning work with a large group of collaborators to create a “Truckee
River Trust” that will attempt to coordinate the river’s three administrative--and
largely Balkanized--segments: the headwaters and Lake Tahoe; the main-stem and
tributaries in California; the main-stem and Pyramid Lake in Nevada.
11616 Sagehen Road | P.O. Box 939 | Truckee, CA 96160
530-587-4830
sagehen@berkeley.edu
http://sagehen.berkeley.edu
10
Appendix A
OFFICE OF THE VICE CHANCELLOR FOR RESEARCH
ANNUAL REPORT
2012-13
Name of
Unit:
Sagehen Creek Research Field Station
Number of Active Participants
Faculty
25
Academic Researchers/Postdocs
37
Visiting Scholars
0
Students
267
Grad
35
Undergrad
231
Program Support Staff
13
Extramural Funding Support
Grant Proposals Submitted
3
Grant Proposals Pending
2
Awards Received
2
Total Dollars Awarded
$77,500
Private Philanthropy - Gifts Received*
Under $1,000
84
Over $1,000
29
Total Dollars in Gifts Received
$180,007
Carry Forward Balance**
$61,616
11616 Sagehen Road | P.O. Box 939 | Truckee, CA 96160
530-587-4830
sagehen@berkeley.edu
http://sagehen.berkeley.edu
11
* CADS Data
**BAIRS data for general and unrestricted funds only;
includes sub-units
Start up and retention funds excluded.
11616 Sagehen Road | P.O. Box 939 | Truckee, CA 96160
530-587-4830
sagehen@berkeley.edu
http://sagehen.berkeley.edu
12
Appendix B: Publications
Aman, Destiny D. “Fighting Fire with Nature: How Resident Affinity for ‘Natural’
Landscapes Can Be Used to Promote Wildfire Mitigation in the Wildlandurban Interface.” In Proc. of Third Human Dimensions of Wildland Fire, 41.
Seattle, Washington, USA: International Assoc. of Wildland Fire, 2012.
http://www.iawfonline.org/HD_Seattle_2012/Errata_3rd_Human_Dimensio
ns_Conference_Proceedings.pdf#page=53.
Amos, HM, DJ Jacob, CD Holmes, JA Fisher, Q. Wang, RM Yantosca, ES
Corbitt, E. Galarneau, AP Rutter, and MS Gustin. “Gas-particle
Partitioning of Atmospheric Hg (II) and Its Effect on Global Mercury
Deposition.” Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 11, no. 1 (2012): 591–
603.
Arismendi, I., M. Safeeq, S.L. Johnson, J.B. Dunham, and R. Haggerty.
“Increasing Synchrony of High Temperature and Low Flow in Western
North American Streams: Double Trouble for Coldwater Biota?”
Hydrobiologia (2012): 1–10.
Bathurst, James C. “Critical Conditions for Particle Motion in Coarse Bed
Materials of Nonuniform Size Distribution.” Geomorphology (2013).
Bloomquist, C.K., C.K. Nielsen, and J.J. Shew. “Spatial Organization of
Unexploited Beavers (Castor Canadensis) in Southern Illinois.” The
American Midland Naturalist 167, no. 1 (2012): 188–197.
Boucher, S. “Revision of the Nearctic Species of Cerodontha
(Icteromyza)(Diptera: Agromyzidae).” The Canadian Entomologist 144, no.
01 (2012): 122–157.
Buenning, N.H., L. Stott, K. Yoshimura, and M. Berkelhammer. “The Cause of
the Seasonal Variation in the Oxygen Isotopic Composition of Precipitation
Along the Western US Coast.” Journal of Geophysical Research:
Atmospheres (1984–2012) 117, no. D18 (2012): D18114.
Buenning, Nikolaus H, Lowell Stott, Kei Yoshimura, and Max Berkelhammer.
“The Cause of the Seasonal Variation in the Oxygen Isotopic Composition
of Precipitation Along the Western U.S. Coast Nikolaus H. Buenning and
Lowell Stott.” Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres (1984–
2012) 117, no. D18 (September 26, 2012). doi:10.1029/2012JD018050.
Cameron, E.A. “Parasitoids in the Management of Sirex Noctilio: Looking Back
and Looking Ahead.” In The Sirex Woodwasp and Its Fungal Symbiont:,
103–117. Springer, 2012.
Chen, Q., G. Vaglio Laurin, J.J. Battles, and D. Saah. “Integration of Airborne
Lidar and Vegetation Types Derived from Aerial Photography for Mapping
Aboveground Live Biomass.” Remote Sensing of Environment 121 (2012):
108–117.
Claude, N., S. Rodrigues, V. Bustillo, J.G. Bréhéret, J.J. Macaire, and P. Jugé.
“Estimating Bedload Transport in a Large Sand-gravel Bed River from
Direct Sampling, Dune Tracking and Empirical Formulae.” Geomorphology
(2012).
11616 Sagehen Road | P.O. Box 939 | Truckee, CA 96160
530-587-4830
sagehen@berkeley.edu
http://sagehen.berkeley.edu
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Dolislager, L.J., R. VanCuren, J.R. Pederson, A. Lashgari, and E. McCauley. “A
Summary of the Lake Tahoe Atmospheric Deposition Study (LTADS).”
Atmospheric Environment 46 (2012): 618–630.
Drexler, Judith Z, Donna Knifong, JayLee Tuil, Lorraine Flint, and Alan Flint.
“Fens as Whole-ecosystem Gauges of Groundwater Recharge Under
Climate Change.” Journal of Hydrology (2012).
Ficklin, D.L., I.T. Stewart, and E.P. Maurer. “Projections of 21st Century Sierra
Nevada Local Hydrologic Flow Components Using an Ensemble of
General Circulation Models1.” JAWRA Journal of the American Water
Resources Association 48, no. 6 (2012): 1104–1125.
Freas, Cody A., Lara D. Ladage, Timothy C. Roth, and Vladimir V. Pravosudov.
“Elevation-related Differences in Memory and the Hippocampus in
Mountain Chickadees, Poecile Gambeli.” Journal of Animal Behaviour 84,
no. 1 (July 2012): 121–127. doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2012.04.018.
Frisbee, M.D., F.M. Phillips, A.F. White, A.R. Campbell, and F. Liu. “Effect of
Source Integration on the Geochemical Fluxes from Springs.” Applied
Geochemistry (2012).
Frisbee, Marty D, John L Wilson, Jesus D Gomez‐ Velez, Fred M Phillips, and
Andrew R Campbell. “Are We Missing the Tail (and the Tale) of Residence
Time Distributions in Watersheds?” Geophysical Research Letters (2013).
Godsey, S. E., J. W. Kirchner, and C. L. Tague. “Effects of Changes in Winter
Snowpacks on Summer Low Flows: Case Studies in the Sierra Nevada,
California, USA.” Hydrological Processes (2013).
Guzha, A. C. “Modelling the Interaction of Surface and Subsurface Water Flow
by Linking TOPMODEL and MODFLOW.” International Journal of Water 7,
no. 3 (2013): 191–205.
Hararuk, O., D. Obrist, and Y. Luo. “Modeling the Sensitivity of Soil Mercury
Storage to Climate-induced Changes in Soil Carbon Pools.”
Biogeosciences Discussions 9, no. 8 (2012): 11403–11441.
———. “Modelling the Sensitivity of Soil Mercury Storage to Climate-induced
Changes in Soil Carbon Pools.” Biogeosciences 10, no. 4 (2013): 2393–
2407.
Henson, Wesley R, Rose L Medina, C Justin Mayers, Richard G Niswonger, and
R Steven Regan. CRT--Cascade Routing Tool to Define and Visualize
Flow Paths for Grid-based Watershed Models. US Department of the
Interior, US Geological Survey, 2013.
Hinton, D. D., and R. H. Hotchkiss. “Theoretical Basis for Rosgen’s Pagosa
Good/fair Equation.” River Flow 2012 (2012): 431.
Isaak, D.J., and B.E. Rieman. “Stream Isotherm Shifts from Climate Change and
Implications for Distributions of Ectothermic Organisms.” Global Change
Biology 19, no. 3 (2013): 742–751.
Ishizaki, Satomi, Kaori Shiojiri, Richard Karban, and Masashi Ohara. “Clonal
Growth of Sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata)(Asteraceae) and Its
Relationship to Volatile Communication.” Plant Species Biology 27, no. 1
(2012): 69–76.
11616 Sagehen Road | P.O. Box 939 | Truckee, CA 96160
530-587-4830
sagehen@berkeley.edu
http://sagehen.berkeley.edu
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11616 Sagehen Road | P.O. Box 939 | Truckee, CA 96160
530-587-4830
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http://sagehen.berkeley.edu