UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
Department of East Asian Languages and Cultures
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EALC 374
Language and Society in East Asia
4
Fall 2007
Tue and Thu, 12.30 – 1.50; VKC155
Andrew Simpson.
GFS 301
Thursday 2.00-3.00, or by appointment
andrew.simpson@usc.edu
www.usc.edu/schools/college/ling/people/faculty
COURSE DESCRIPTION
This course presents current sociolinguistic theories and ideas relating to a broad
range of topics linking language and society, and considers how such thinking can be
both applied to and informed by a consideration of patterns found in East Asia. The
course sets out to document and analyse the ways that language interacts with other
forces shaping society principally in China (and Taiwan), Japan, and North and South
Korea, and how variation within the area of East Asia is best characterized and
compared with sociolinguistic developmental patterns described in the West and other
parts of the world. Given the importance that language has, in many ways, for almost
all aspects of culture and societal interaction and organization, the content of the
course should be relevant for students with a wide range of other primary academic
interests, e.g. undergraduates focusing on East Asian anthropology, politics, religion,
philosophy, as well as language-learning, and also linguistics majors interested in a
focused application of sociolinguistics to the area of East Asia.
COURSE ASSIGNMENTS, EXAMS, AND GRADES
 There will be a two-hour mid-term exam (October 4th) and a three-hour final exam
(December 18th), accounting for 25% and 45% of the final grade. One assignment on
Language Planning (due October 2nd) and a written project (due December 4th) will
make up a further 10% and 20% respectively. The subject matter of the project will be
designed to fit with each student’s individual interests and linguistic skills following
discussion with the teacher of the course (Example: Design and use of a questionnaire
to interview multiple informants and create a profile of language use in different
domains of life in a selected region/conurbation of East Asia).
READING MATERIALS
There are no textbooks that students must buy for this course. Readings will be made
available from a wide range of sources. The reading list provides an extensive weekby-week indication of a set of relevant works which will be referred to during
lectures. Students will be asked to read a guided selection of these readings.
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Grading Scales
For the assignment graded 10 points
9-10 = A
8 = A7 = B+
6=B
5 = B4 = C+
For the project graded 20 points
19-20 = A
17-18 = A15-16 = B+
13-14 = B
11-12 = B9-10 = C+
For the mid-term graded 25 points
22-25 = A
19-21 = A17-18 = B+
15-16 = B
13-14 = B10-12 = C+
For the final graded 45 points
42-45 = A
38-41 = A34-37 = B+
30-33 = B
25-29 = B21-24 = C+
STATEMENT ON ACADEMIC INTEGRITY
USC seeks to maintain an optimal learning environment. General principles of
academic honesty include the concept of respect for the intellectual property of others,
the expectation that individual work will be submitted unless otherwise allowed by an
instructor, and the obligations both to protect one’s own academic work from misuse
by others as well as to avoid using another’s work as one’s own. All students are
expected to understand and abide by these principles. Scampus, the Student
Guidebook, contains the Student Code of Conduct in Section 11.00, while the
sanctions are located in Appendix A:
http://www.usc.edu/dept/publications/SCAMPUS/gov/
Students will be referred to the Office of Student Judicial Affairs and Community
Standards for further review, should there be any suspicion of academic dishonesty.
The Review process can be found at:
http://www.usc.edu/student-affairs/SJACS/
STUDENTS WITH DISABILITIES
Any student requesting academic accommodations based on a disability is required to
register with Disability Services and programs (DSP). A letter of verification for
approved accommodations can be obtained from DSP. Please be sure the letter is
delivered to me as early in the semester as possible. DSP is located in STU 301 and is
open 8.30 a.m. to 5.30 p.m., Monday to Friday. The phone number for DSP is (213)
740-0776.
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SYLLABUS
AUGUST
Session 1: Tue 28th and Thu 30th
Languages, Dialects and Varieties: an introduction
SEPTEMBER
Session 2: Tue 4th
National language and language planning: an introduction.
Session 3: Thu 6th and Tue 11th
National language and language planning in Japan.
Session 4: Thu 13th and Tue 18th
National language and language planning in the People’s Republic of China/PRC
Session 5: Thu 20th and Tue 25th
National language and language planning in North and South Korea
Session 6: Thu 27th
National language and language planning in Taiwan
OCTOBER
Session 7: Tue 2nd and Thu 4th
Minority languages and language shift. (a) minorities in the PRC, (b) Ainu,
Okinawan, and Koreans in Japan, (c) minority groups in Taiwan.
Session 8: Tue 9th and Thu 11th
Language planning and identity in Hong Kong and Singapore
Session 9: Tue 16th
The spread and status of English in Asia.
Assignment on Language Planning due.
Thu 18th Mid-term Exam
Session 10: Tue 23th and Thu 25th
Diglossia, code-mixing, and code-switching.
Session 11a: Tue 30th
Bilingualism and bilingual education I.
NOVEMBER
Session 11b: Thu 1st
Bilingualism and bilingual education II.
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Session 12: Tue 6th
Language Change
Session 13: Thu 8th and Tue 13th
Language and Gender
Session 14: Thu 15th, Tue 20th, Thu 22nd
Language and Politeness: theory and contrastive patterns in Japan, Korea, and China
Session 15: Tue 27th
The ‘rest’ of East Asia: Southeast Asia I
National and minority language issues in (a) Vietnam and Cambodia
Thursday 29th Thanksgiving recess
DECEMBER
Session 16: Tue 4th and Thu 6th
Southeast Asia II
National and minority language issues in (a) Thailand and Laos, (b) Malaysia,
Indonesia, and the Philippines
Mon 10th Written project due.
Tue 18th Final Exam
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LANGUAGE AND SOCIETY IN EAST ASIA READING LIST
Session 1: Introduction: languages, dialects and varieties
(1) Wardhaugh, Ronald. (2006) An Introduction to Sociolinguistics, chapter 2
‘Languages, dialects and varieties’, (Oxford: Blackwell), 25-58.
(2) Haugen, Einar. (2003), ‘Dialect, language, nation’, in C. Paulston and R.Tucker
(eds.) Sociolinguistics: the essential readings (Oxford: Blackwell), 411-23.
Session 2: National languages and language planning
(1) Nahir, Moshe. (2003), Language planning goals: a classification. In Christina
Bratt Paulston and Richard Tucker (eds.) Sociolinguistics: the essential reading
(Oxford: Blackwell), 423-449.
(2) Wardhaugh, Ronald. (2006) An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. (Oxford:
Blackwell), chapter 15: Language Planning 356-382
(3) Holmes, Janet. (1992) An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. (London: Longman),
chapter 4:79-89.
(4) Kennedy, J. 1968. Asian nationalism in the 20th century. New York: Macmillan.
(5) Tonnesson, Stein and Antlov, Hans. 1996. “Asian in theories of nationalism and
national identity”. in Asian forms of the nation. Curzon: London 1-41.
Session 3: National language in Japan
(1) Gottlieb, Nanette. (2007), ‘Japan’, in Andrew Simpson (ed.) Language and
National Identity in Asia (Oxford: Oxford University Press).1
(2) Gottlieb, Nanette. (2005), Language and society in Japan (Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press). Chapters: 1 The Japanese language, 1-17; 3 Language and
national identity: evolving views, 39-54; 4 Language and identity: the policy
approach 55-77.
(3) Loveday, Leo. (1986), Explorations in Japanese Sociolinguistics Amsterdam:
John Benjamins), chapter 1: Japanese sociolinguistics with special reference to
western research. 1-33. [overview of standard and regional varieties; gender, age,
group identity markers; language planning; contact with other languages; Japanesebased pidgins; Japanese overseas communities;]
(4) Kunhiro, Tetsuya, Inoue, Fumio, & Long, Daniel. (1999), Takesi Sibata.
Sociolinguistics in Japanese Contexts (Berlin: Mouton), chapter 10: The rise and
fall of dialects. [discussion of Standard Language and the creation of the
‘National Language’ in the Meiji era 183-190; the Dialect Eradication Movement
191-196; the advent of the age of the Common Language and the fate of dialects
196-206;]
(5) Gottlieb, Nanette. (2001), ‘Language planning and policy in Japan’, in P. Chen
and N. Gottlieb (eds.) Language Planning and Language Policy: East Asian
perspectives (London: Curzon), 21-48.
(6) Shibatani, Masayoshi. (1990), The Languages of Japan (Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press), chapter 9: Dialects, 185-213.
(7) Gottlieb, Nanette. (2005), Language and society in Japan (Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press). Chapter 5: Writing and reading in Japan, 78-99.
(8) Carroll, Tessa. 2001. Language Planning and Language Change in Japan.
1
Note that this volume is currently in press and will appear in June 2007. Once the volume has been
published, page numbers will be added to the many chapters from this volume which will be used for
this course.
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1. Language planning: definitions and frameworks. 2. Historical background and
parallels. 3. [12] State of the language, state of the nation (language decay). 4.
Language, state and citizens. 5. Speech and writing in the modern age (computers,
internet). 6. National and regional identities in flux.
(9) Shibatani, Masayoshi. “Dialects” chapter 9 of Language in Japan.
(10) Nish, Ian. “Nationalism in Japan.”
(11) Morris-Suzuki, Tessa. “The frontiers of Japanese identity.”
(12) Yasuda, Maki. 2005. “Writing and standard language – the development of
modern Japanese”. Paper, University of London.
Session 4: National language in China
(1) Chen, Ping. (2001), ‘Development and Standardization of Lexicon in Modern
Standard Chinese’, in P. Chen and N. Gottlieb (eds.) Language Planning and
Language Policy: East Asian perspectives (London: Curzon), 49-73.
(2) Chen, Ping. (2007), ‘China’, in Andrew Simpson (ed.) Language and National
Identity in Asia (Oxford: Oxford University Press).
(3) Rohsenow, John. (2001), The present status of digraphia in China. International
Journal of the Sociology of Language 150: 125-40.
(4) Dreyer, June. (2003), ‘The evolution of language policies in China’ in
Michael Brown and Sumit Ganguly. (2003), Fighting Words (Boston: MIT
Press), 353-384.
(5) Loden, Torbjorn. “Nationalism transcending the state: changing conceptions of
Chinese identity.
(6) Chen, Ping. Modern Chinese: history and sociolinguistics. Cambridge University
Press.
(7) Norman, Jerry. Chinese. Cambridge University Press. [Dialects]
(8) Lester, Richard. 2005. “The establishment and promotion of a common spoken
language for China in the 20th century.”
Session 5: National language in North and South Korea
(1) Yeon, Jaehoon (2000), ‘Standard language’ and ‘cultured language’, in Ho-min
Sohn (ed.) Korean Language in Culture and Society (Hawaii: Klear), 31-43.
(2) Song, Jae Jung. (2002), The Korean Language (London: Routledge),
chapter 7: North and South Korea, 163-175.
(3) Lee, Iksop & Ramsey, Robert. (2000), The Korean Language (Albany: State
University of New York Press), chapter 1: The modern dialects, 307-14.
(4) King, Ross. (2007), ‘North and South Korea’, in Andrew Simpson (ed.) Language
and National Identity in Asia (Oxford: Oxford University Press).
(5) Ramsey, Robert. (2000), ‘The invention and use of the Korean alphabet’, in Homin Sohn (ed.) Korean Language in Culture and Society (Hawaii: Klear), 22-40.
(6) King, Ross. (2000), ‘Dialectal variation in Korean’, in Ho-min Sohn (ed.), Korean
Language in Culture and Society (Hawaii: Klear), 264-280.
(7) King, Ross. (2007), ‘North and South Korea’, in Andrew Simpson (ed.) Language
and National Identity in Asia (Oxford: Oxford University Press), [sections on
historical use of Chinese for writing vs. use of Korean for speech].
(8) Lee, Hyun-Bok. 1990. “Differences in language use between North and South
Korea. International Journal of the Sociology of Language 82: 71-86.
(9) Kumatani, Akiyasu. 1990. “Language policies in North Korea. International
Journal of the Sociology of Language 82: 87-108.
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(10) King, Ross. “Nationalism and Language Reform in Korea: the Questione della
Lingua in precolonial Korea.
(11) King, Ross. “Language, politics, and ideology in the postwar Koreas.”
(12) Hong, Yunsook. A sociolinguistic study of Seoul Korean. Section on Language
divergence between North and South Korea.
(13) Sohn, Ho-min. The Korean language. Cambridge University Press. Chapters on
origins, historic development, writing, dialects.
(14) Shinn, Hae Kyong. 1990. “A survey of sociolinguistic studies in Korea”.
International Journal of the Sociology of Language 82: 7-23.
Session 6: Taiwan
(1) Simpson, Andrew. (2007), ‘Taiwan’, in Andrew Simpson (ed.) Language and
National Identity in Asia (Oxford: Oxford University Press).
(2) Dreyer, June. (2003), ‘The evolution of language policies and national
identity in Taiwan’, in Michael Brown and Sumit Ganguly. (2003), Fighting
Words (Boston: MIT Press), 385-411.
(3) Chen, Ping. (2000), Modern Chinese (Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press) [section on the writing of non-Mandarin Chinese dialects: Cantonese,
Taiwanese]
(4) van den Berg. “Taiwan’s sociolinguistic setting.”
(5) Huang, Shuanfan. 2000. “Language, identity and conflict: a Taiwanese study.”
International Journal of the Sociology of Language 143: 139-149.
(6) Tse, John Kwock-ping. 2000. “Language and a rising new identity in Taiwan”.
International Journal of the Sociology of Language 143: 151-64.
(7) Hughes, Christopher. “Post-nationalist Taiwan”.
Session 7: Minorities
(1) MacSwann, Jeff, and Rolstad, Kellie. (2003), Linguistic diversity, schooling, and
social class: rethinking our conception of language proficiency in language minority
education. In Christina Bratt Paulston and Richard Tucker (eds.) Sociolinguistics: the
essential readings (Oxford: Blackwell), 329-41.
(2) Paulston, Christina. (2003), Linguistic minorities and language policies. In
Christina Bratt Paulston and Richard Tucker (eds.) Sociolinguistics: the essential
readings (Oxford: Blackwell), 394-407.
(3) Paulston, Christina. (2003), Language policies and language rights. In Christina
Bratt Paulston and Richard Tucker (eds.) Sociolinguistics: the essential readings
(Oxford: Blackwell), 472-83.
(4) Holmes, Janet. (1992) An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. (London: Longman),
chapter 3.
(5) Gottlieb, Nanette. (2005), Language and society in Japan (Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press) Chapters 2: Language diversity in Japan, 18-38; 6
Representation and identity: discriminatory language, 100-119.
(6) Zhou, Minglang. (2000), Language attitudes of two contrasting ethnic minority
nationalities in China, the ‘model’ Koreans and the ‘rebellious’ Tibetans.
International Journal of the Sociology of Language 146:1-20.
(7) Shibatani, Masayoshi. (1990), The Languages of Japan (Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press), chapter 1: the Ainu Language, 3-10
(8) Dreyer, June. (2003), ‘The evolution of language policies in China’ in
Michael Brown and Sumit Ganguly. (2003), Fighting Words (Boston: MIT
Press), 353-384.
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(9) Shibatani, Masayoshi. “The Ainu language.” The Languages of Japan. Cambridge
University Press.
(10) Brown, Michael. “Language policy and ethnic relations in Asia.” In Fighting
Words (Boston: MIT Press).
(11) Davies, Kathryn. 2002. “The status of the Korean language in Japan from 1945
until the present day.” Paper, University of London.
Session 8: Hong Kong and Singapore
(1) Simpson, Andrew. (2007), ‘Hong Kong’, in Andrew Simpson (ed.) Language and
National Identity in Asia (Oxford: Oxford University Press).
(2) Simpson, Andrew. (2007), ‘Singapore’, in Andrew Simpson (ed.) Language and
National Identity in Asia (Oxford: Oxford University Press).
Session 9: English in Asia
(1) Crystal, David. (1997), English as a Global Language (Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press).
(2) Saino, Hirokazu. “A sociolinguistic study of the English language in Japan.”
Paper, University of London.
(3) Maeo, Keiko. “The problems of English education in Japan.” Paper, University of
London.
Session 10: Diglossia, code-mixing and code-switching
(1) Kozasa, Tomoko. (1998), Code-switching in Japanese/English: a study of
Japanese-American WWII veterans. Japanese/Korean Linguistics 10 209-222.
(2) Ferguson, Charles. (2003), Diglossia. In Christina Bratt Paulston and Richard
Tucker (eds.) Sociolinguistics: the essential readings (Oxford: Blackwell), 345-59.
(3) Loveday, Leo. (1996), Language contact in Japan: a socio-linguistic
history. (Oxford: Clarendon Press). Chapter 5: Japanizing and westernizing
patterns 114-156 (including code-switching and code-mixing 124-137).
(4) Wardhaugh, Ronald. (2006), An Introduction to Sociolinguistics (Oxford:
Blackwell), chapter 4: Diglossia, Code-switching, Bilingualism, Multilingualism, 88118.
(5) Holmes, Janet. (1992) An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. (London: Longman),
chapter 2.
(6) Li Wei, Milroy, Leslie, and Ching, Pong Sin. (2000), A two-step sociolinguistic
analysis of code-switching and language choice: the example of a bilingual Chinese
community in Britain. In Li Wei (ed.) The Bilingual Reader (Oxford: Blackwell),
188-211.
(7) Nishimura, Miwa. (1997) Japanese/English Code-switching (New York: Peter
Lang).
(8) Shih, Yu-hwei and Mei-hui Sung. “Code-mixing of Taiwanese in Mandarin
newspaper headlines: a socio-pragmatic perspective.”
(9) Shih, Yu-hwei and Jennifer M. Wei. “Code-switching in Taiwanese.”
(10) Kubler, Cornelius. “Code-switching between Taiwanese and Mandarin in
Taiwan”.
(11) Shih, Yu-hwei. “To –er is to Err: a case of code-switching in standard
Mandarin.”
(12) Young, Russell, and Myluoung Tran. 1999. International Journal of the
Sociology of Language 140: 77-82.
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(13) Loveday, Leo. “Japanizing and westernizing patterns.” [word-creation] in
Natsuko Tsujimura (ed.) Japanese Linguistics (London: Routledge).
Session 11: Bilingualism and bilingual education
(1) Lambert, Wallace. (2003), A social psychology of bilingualism. In Christina Bratt
Paulston and Richard Tucker (eds.) Sociolinguistics: the essential readings (Oxford:
Blackwell), 305-21.
(2) Tucker, Richard. (2003), A global perspective on bilingualism and bilingual
education. In Christina Bratt Paulston and Richard Tucker (eds.) Sociolinguistics: the
essential readings (Oxford: Blackwell), 464-72.
(3) Byun, Myung Sup. (1990), Bilingualism and bilingual education: the case of
Korean immigrants in the United States. International Journal of the Sociology of
Language 82: 109-28.
(4) Noguchi, Mary & Fotos, Sandra (eds.) (2001), Studies in Japanese Bilingualism
(Clevedon: Multilingual Matters).
(5) Raschka, Christine, Wei, Li, and Lee, Sherman. (2002), ‘Bilingual development
and social networks of British-born Chinese children’, International Journal of the
Sociology of Language 153:9-25.
(6) Lo Bianco, Joseph (ed.) Language Policy. Special Issue on the teaching of
Chinese. (7) Goebel Noguchi, Mary and Sandra Fotos. 2001. Studies in Japanese
bilingualism. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters. Book review in International Journal
of the Sociology of Language 152: 179-184.
(8) Feng, Anwei. 2007. Bilingual education in China. Clevedon: Multilingual
Matters.
Session 12: Language change
(1) Sohn, Ho-min. (2000), ‘Korean in contact with Chinese’, in Ho-min Sohn (ed.)
Korean Language in Culture and Society (Hawaii: Klear), 44-56.
(2) Ramsey, Robert. (2000), ‘Korean in contact with Japanese’, in Ho-min Sohn (ed.)
Korean Language in Culture and Society (Hawaii: Klear), 57-63.
(3) Loveday, Leo. (1996), Language contact in Japan: a socio-linguistic history.
(Oxford: Clarendon Press). Chapters: 2. The Chinese heritage and contact with other
Asian languages, 26-42, 43-46; 3. The social evolution of Japanese contact with
European languages, 47-76; 4. The contexts of contemporary contact, 77-99: 6. The
social reception of contact with English now 157-188; 7. The functions of language
contact in Japan today, 189-211;
(4) Hibiya, Junko. (2005), ‘The velar nasal in Tokyo Japanese: a case of diffusion
from above’, in Natsuko Tsujimura (ed.) Japanese Linguistics (London: Routledge),
1-14.
(5) Yoneda, Masato. (2001), ‘Survey of standardization in Tsuroka, Japan:
comparison of results from three surveys conducted at 20 year intervals’, Nihongo
gagaku [Japanese Linguistics].
(6) Long, Daniel. (1996), ‘Quasi-standard as a linguistic concept’, American Speech
71:2:118-135: University of Alabama Press.
(7) Wardhaugh, Ronald. (2006), An Introduction to Sociolinguistics (Oxford:
Blackwell), chapter 8: Language Change, 191-218.
(8) Chen, Ping. (2000), Modern Chinese (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press),
chapters on change from classical, written Chinese (wen-yan) to colloquial, written
Chinese (bai-hua).
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(9) Aitchison, Jean. (2001), Language Change: progress or decay? (Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press).
(10) Litosseliti, Lia. 2006. Gender and language: theory and practice. London:
Hodder Arnold.
Session 13: Language and Gender
(1) Reynolds, Katsue Akiba. (2000) Female speakers of Japanese in transition. In
Sally Coates (ed.) Language and Gender (Oxford: Blackwell), 299-308, and S. Ide
and N. McGloin (eds.) (1991) Aspects of Japanese Women’s Language (Tokyo:
Kuruosio Publishers), 129-46.
(2) Tannen, Deborah. (2003), The relativity of linguistic strategies: rethinking power
and solidarity in gender dominance. In Christina Bratt Paulston and Richard Tucker
(eds.) Sociolinguistics: the essential readings (Oxford: Blackwell), 208-229.
(3) Cook, Haruko Minegishi. (1989), Functions of the filler ano in Japanese.
Japanese/Korean Linguistics 11 19-38.
(4) Cho, Young. (2000), ‘Gender differences in Korean speech’, in Ho-min Sohn (ed.)
Korean Language in Culture and Society (Hawaii: Klear), 189-198.
(5) Takano, Shoji. (2000), ‘The myth of a homogeneous speech community: a
sociolinguistic study of the speech of Japanese women in diverse gender roles’,
International Journal of the Sociology of Language 146: 43-85.
(6) Shibamoto, J. (2005), ‘Women’s speech in Japan’, in Natsuko Tsujimura
(ed.) Japanese Linguistics (London: Routledge), 181-221. Also in J.
Shibamoto (1985), Japanese women’s Language (New York: Academic
Press), 29-67.
(7) McGloin, Naomi Hanaoka. (2005), ‘Sex difference and sentence-final particles’,
in Natsuko Tsujimura (ed.) Japanese Linguistics (London: Routledge), 222-238.
(8) Loveday, Leo. (1986), Explorations in Japanese Sociolinguistics (Amsterdam:
John Benjamins), chapter 2: Pitch, politeness and sexual role: an experiment on the
occurrence of pitch in Japanese and its results, 80-97.
(9) Wardhaugh, Ronald. (2006), An Introduction to Sociolinguistics (Oxford:
Blackwell), chapter 13: Gender, 315-335.
(10) Holmes, Janet (1992) An introduction to sociolinguistics (London: Longman),
chapters 7 & 12.
(11) Trudgill, Peter. (1974), Sociolinguistics (London: Penguin), chapter 4.
(12) Graddol, David & Swann, Joan. (1989), Gender voices (Oxford: Oxford
University Press), chapters 4 & 5.
(13) Holmes, Janet. (1998), ‘Women’s talk: the question of sociolinguistic
universals’, in Jennifer Coates (ed.) Language and Gender (Oxford: Blackwell).
(14) Cho, Young. (2000), ‘Gender differences in Korean politeness strategies’, in Homin Sohn (ed.) Korean Language in Culture and Society (Hawaii: Klear), 199-211.
(15) Ide, Sachiko and Yoshida, Megumi. (2000), ‘Sociolinguistics: honorifics and
gender differences’, in Naoki Fukui (ed.) Handbook of Japanese Linguistics (Oxford:
Blackwell), 444-80.
(16) Language, gender and ideology in Japan. Collected essays on language and
gender in modern Japan.
(17) Kii, Hiroe. 2001. “Gender and politeness in Japanese.” Paper, University of
London.
(18) Okamoto, Shigeko and Janet Shibamoto Smith. 2004. Japanese Language,
Gender and Ideology. Oxford University Press.
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Session 14: Politeness
(1) Okamoto, Shigeko. (2000), The use and non-use of honorifics on sales talk in
Kyoto and Osaka: are they rude or friendly? Japanese/Korean Linguistics 12 141-57.
(2) Brown, Roger and Gilman, Albert. (2003), Pronouns of power and solidarity. In
Christina Bratt Paulston and Richard Tucker (eds.) Sociolinguistics: the essential
readings (Oxford: Blackwell), 156-76.
(3) Hwang, Juck-Ryoon. (1990), ‘Deference’ versus ‘politeness’ in Korean speech.
International Journal of the Sociology of Language 82:41-55.
(4) Pan, Yuling. (2000), Politeness in Chinese face-to-face interaction (Stamford:
Ablex). (i) How polite are the Chinese? 1-24 (ii ‘Do I know you?’ Inside and outside
behavior relations in politeness behavior 25-52 (iii) ‘You are my friend’ building of
connection in an official setting 53-76 (iv) ‘Who is the boss?’ Hierarchical structure
in an official setting 77-104 (v) Conflicting factors in a family setting 105-142 (vi)
‘What really is Chinese politeness?’ a situation-based approach to politeness 143-155.
(5) King, Ross. (2000), ‘Korean kinship terminology’, in Ho-min Sohn (ed.) Korean
Language in Culture and Society (Hawaii: Klear), 101-17.
(6) Choo, Miho. (2000), ‘The structure and use of Korean honorifics’, in Ho-min
Sohn (ed.) Korean Language in Culture and Society (Hawaii: Klear), 132-145.
(7) Koh, Haejin. (2000), ‘Usage of Korean address and reference terms’, in Ho-min
Sohn (ed.) Korean Language in Culture and Society (Hawaii: Klear), 146-154.
(8) Park, Yong-yae. (2000), ‘Politeness in conversation in Korean: the use of –nunde’,
in Ho-min Sohn (ed.) Korean Language in Culture and Society (Hawaii: Klear), 16473.
(9) Bynon, Andrew. (2000), ‘Korean cultural values in request behaviors’, in Ho-min
Sohn (ed.) Korean Language in Culture and Society (Hawaii: Klear), 174-88.
(10) Wardhaugh, Ronald. (2006), An Introduction to Sociolinguistics (Oxford:
Blackwell), chapter 11: Solidarity and Politeness, 260-283.
(11) Brown, Penelope & Levinson, Steven. (1987), Politeness: some universals in
language usage (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
(12) Loveday, Leo. (2005), ‘Speaking of giving: the pragmatics of Japanese
donatory verbs’, in Natsuko Tsujimura (ed.) Japanese Linguistics (London:
Routledge), 15-38.
(13) Kunhiro, Tetsuya, Inoue, Fumio, & Long, Daniel. (1999), Takesi Sibata.
Sociolinguistics in Japanese Contexts (Berlin: Mouton), chapter 6: The honorific
prefix –o in contemporary Japanese, 99-125.
(14) Park Mun, Mae-Ran. (1991), Social variation and change in honorific usage
among Korean adults in an urban setting. PhD dissertation University of Illinois at
Urbana-Champaign.
(15) Matsumoto, Yoshiko. (1992), ‘Linguistic politeness and cultural style:
observations from Japanese’, Japanese/Korean Linguistics 3: 55-67.
(16) Usami, Mayumi. (1999), Discourse Politeness in Japanese Conversation: some
implications for a universal theory of politeness (Tokyo: Hituzi Syobo).
(17) Yu, Kyong-ae. “Are the notions of face and face-saving strategies universal?”
Paper, Chung-Ang University.
(18) Kobayashi, Hiromi. 2001. “Politeness in Japanese and the importance of distance
and status in Japanese society.” Paper, University of London.
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Session 15: Southeast Asia I: Vietnam, Cambodia
(1) O’Harrow, Steve & Le, Minh-hang. (2007), ‘Vietnam’, in Andrew Simpson (ed.)
Language and National Identity in Asia (Oxford: Oxford University Press).
(2) Heder, Steve. (2007), ‘Cambodia’, in Andrew Simpson (ed.) Language and
National Identity in Asia (Oxford: Oxford University Press).
Session 16: Thailand, Laos, Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines
(1) Simpson, Andrew & Thammasien, Nualnoi. (2007), ‘Thailand and Laos’, in
Andrew Simpson (ed.) Language and National Identity in Asia (Oxford: Oxford
University Press).
(2) Asmah Haji Omar. (2007), ‘Malaysia’, in Andrew Simpson (ed.) Language and
National Identity in Asia (Oxford: Oxford University Press).
(3) Simpson, Andrew. (2007), ‘Indonesia’, in Andrew Simpson (ed.) Language and
National Identity in Asia (Oxford: Oxford University Press).
(4) Gonzales, Andrew. (2007), ‘The Philippines’, in Andrew Simpson (ed.) Language
and National Identity in Asia (Oxford: Oxford University Press).
(5) “Chinese search for identity in southeast Asian: the last half century”.
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