Injury is…
A.
any bruise
B.
any wound
C.
disorder of anatomical structure or physiological function of human tissues or organs caused by the action of surroundings
D.
any anatomical disorder
E.
any assault
ANSWER: C
What kinds of severity degree do you now?
A.
simple (mild), moderate and grievous
B.
moderate and grievous
C.
only grievous
D.
simple (mild) and grievous
E.
contusion, scratch, incision
ANSWER: A
Find juridical criteria of grievous injuries:
A.
dangerous for life
B.
which entailed loss of organ
C.
which entailed loss of working capacity more than 3 weeks
D.
which entailed irreparable face disfigure
E.
all those criteria
ANSWER: E
Try to find an injury dangerous for life at the moment of its infliction:
A.
penetrative wound into the thoracic cavity
B.
incised wound of the arm
C.
fracture of the nasal bones
D.
contusion of the brain
E.
firearm injury of the extremity
ANSWER: A
Juridical criterion of moderate severity are…
A.
injuries threaten to victim
B.
any firearm wounds
C.
any injuries caused by the action of sharp objects
D.
injuries which entail temporary loss of working capacity more than 3 weeks
E.
all cases of sexual crimes
ANSWER: D
Which injury should be classified as moderate severity?
A.
opened fracture of the skull
B.
rupture of the spleen
C.
great internal bleeding
D.
closed fracture of the radii
E.
abrasion of the face
ANSWER: D
Mild degree of severity means such damage which entails:
A.
temporary loss of working capacity more than 3 weeks
B.
temporary loss of working capacity less than 3 weeks
C.
steady loss of working capacity more than 33%
D.
steady loss of working capacity less than 33%
E.
without loss of working capacity
ANSWER: E
Bicyclist D. was involved into traffic collision and received an opened fracture of left fibula. Indicate degree of severity?
A.
severe
B.
moderate
C.
simple
D.
its impossible to establish
E.
no enough of data
ANSWER: B
Young lady C. was beaten by her boyfriend. As result of the incident some contusions on her body were formed. Forensic pathologist examined her and
considered that the injuries were:
A.
B.
dangerous for life
simple
C.
moderate
D.
grievous (severe)
E.
very moderate
ANSWER: B
Police-officer chased an offender and shot him with a gun. An offender fell down and died after a while. Some hours ago forensic pathologist investigated
his body in autopsy room and found a penetrative firearm wound of the head. Which severity of the damage did forensic pathologist determine?
A.
moderate
B.
simple
C.
no simple
D.
threaten to victim
E.
grievous (severe)
ANSWER: E
Disorder of anatomic structure (continuity) or physiological function of human tissues or organs caused by the action of different environmental factors
(mechanical, physical, chemical etc.) which entail health disorder or death is called as
A.
injury
B.
damage
C.
abrasion
D.
wound
E.
bruise
ANSWER: A
Following degrees of severity are determined in Ukrainian legal practice except:
A.
Very grievous
B.
Grievous
C.
Moderate
D.
Simple
E.
Mild
ANSWER: A
How should be classified severe contusion of the brain?
A.
Grievous
B.
Very grievous
C.
Moderate
D.
Simple
E.
Simple with temporary loss of working capacity
ANSWER: A
Destruction of anatomic structure of trachea suggests…degree of severity:
A.
Grievous
B.
Very grievous
C.
Moderate
D.
Simple
E.
Simple with temporary loss of working capacity
ANSWER: A
How should be classified as medical-legal angle an opened fracture of femoral bone?
A.
Dangerous for life at the moment of its infliction
B.
Associated with loss of any organ or its function
C.
Combined with steady loss of working capacity more than 33 percent
D.
Resulted in mental disease
E.
Resulted in irreparable face disfiguration
ANSWER: A
In cases of mechanical asphyxia dangerous for life status includes:
A.
All those
B.
Subconjunctival ecchymoses
C.
Facial subcutaneous ecchymoses
D.
Disorder of cerebral blood circulation
E.
Amnesia
ANSWER: A
Try to determine grievous injuries (according to 121 Article of Criminal Code of Ukraine)
A.
All those
B.
Dangerous for life at the moment of their infliction
C.
Associated with loss of any organ or its function
D.
Combined with steady loss of working capacity more than 33 percent
E.
Resulted in irreparable face disfiguration
ANSWER: A
What injuries should be determined as grievous injuries (according to 121 Article of Criminal Code of Ukraine)?
A.
All are correct
B.
Dangerous for life at the moment of their infliction
C.
Resulted in mental disease
D.
Associated with interruption of pregnancy
E.
Resulted in irreparable face disfiguration
ANSWER: A
What do you think about grievous injuries (according to 121 Article of Criminal Code of Ukraine)?
A.
All are correct
B.
Dangerous for life at the moment of their infliction
C.
Resulted in mental disease
D.
Associated with interruption of pregnancy
E.
Resulted in irreparable face disfiguration
ANSWER: A
Juridical criteria of moderate severity (according to 122 Article of Criminal Code of Ukraine) are following except
A.
Resulted in irreparable face disfiguration
B.
Not dangerous for life at the moment of their infliction
C.
Resulted in steady loss of working capacity (less than 33 %)
D.
Resulted in temporary loss of working capacity (more than 21 days)
E.
Resulted in steady loss of working capacity (more than 10 33 %)
ANSWER: A
Mild degree of severity refers an in jury…
A.
All are true
B.
Without temporary loss of working capacity
C.
With steady loss of working capacity (less than 10 %)
D.
With temporary loss of working capacity (more than 6 days and less than 21 days)
E.
With temporary loss of working capacity (less than 6 days)
ANSWER: A
Majority of these injuries are grievous except:
A.
Resulted in temporary loss of working capacity (more than 21 days)
B.
Dangerous for life at the moment of their infliction
C.
Associated with loss of any organ or its function
D.
Combined with steady loss of working capacity more than 33 percent
E.
Resulted in irreparable face disfiguration
ANSWER: A
Victim was stabbed by bayonet. Penetrated wound into thoracic cavity on the body was formed. Determine degree of severity
A.
Grievous
B.
Very grievous
C.
Moderate
D.
Simple
E.
Simple with temporary loss of working capacity
ANSWER: A
Legal criteria of moderate severity are as following except
A.
Resulted in irreparable face disfiguration
B.
Not dangerous for life at the moment of their infliction
C.
Resulted in steady loss of working capacity (less than 33 %)
D.
Resulted in temporary loss of working capacity (more than 21 days)
E.
Resulted in steady loss of working capacity (more than 10 33 %)
ANSWER: A
Try to indicate grievous injuries (according to 121 Article of Criminal Code of Ukraine)
A.
All are correct
B.
Dangerous for life at the moment of their infliction
C.
Resulted in mental disease
D.
Associated with interruption of pregnancy
E.
Resulted in irreparable face disfiguration
ANSWER: A
Which injuries must be qualified as grievous (according to 121 Article of Criminal Code of Ukraine)?
A.
B.
All are correct
Combined with steady loss of working capacity more than 33 percent
C.
Resulted in mental disease
D.
Associated with interruption of pregnancy
E.
Resulted in irreparable face disfiguration
ANSWER: A
Injuries … should be determined as grievous.
A.
All are correct
B.
Dangerous for life at the moment of their infliction
C.
Resulted in mental disease
D.
Associated with interruption of pregnancy
E.
Resulted in irreparable face disfiguration
ANSWER: A
What juridical criteria (according to 121 Article of Criminal Code of Ukraine) are necessary for establishment of grievous injuries?
A.
All are correct
B.
Associated with loss of any organ or its function
C.
Resulted in mental disease
D.
Associated with interruption of pregnancy
E.
Resulted in irreparable face disfiguration
ANSWER: A
Passenger J. was involved in road accident and received an opened fracture of the right humery. Define degree of the injury.
A.
Grievous
B.
Very grievous
C.
Moderate
D.
Simple
E.
Simple with temporary loss of working capacity
ANSWER: A
Student Z. was bettered at the street. Closed fracture of proximal phalanx of the 3-rd finger was as result of assault. Define severity degree of the injury.
A.
Moderate
B.
Grievous
C.
Very grievous
D.
Simple
E.
Simple with temporary loss of working capacity
ANSWER: A
If an injury results in mental disease it refers…severity
A.
Grievous
B.
Very grievous
C.
Moderate
D.
Simple
E.
Simple with temporary loss of working capacity
ANSWER: A
If an injury is combined with loss of organ or its function it must be qualified as…
A.
B.
C.
Grievous
Very grievous
Moderate
D. Simple
E.
Mild
ANSWER: A
If an injury caused temporary loss of working capacity (more than 6 days but less than 21 days) it suggests… degree of severity
A.
Mild
B.
Grievous
C.
Very grievous
D.
Moderate
E.
Simple
ANSWER: E
What injury should be determined as mild (according to degree of severity)?
A.
Scratch of the shoulder
B.
contusion of the brain
C.
closed fracture of nasal bone
D.
cutting wound of the finger
E.
compound wound of the head
ANSWER: A
Forensic pathologist has examined a patient. A closed fracture of nasal bones and two contusions of the face were revealed. What degree of severity took
place?
A.
Mild
B.
Grievous
C.
Very grievous
D.
Moderate
E.
Simple (with temporary loss of working capacity)
ANSWER: E
All types of the injuries (abrasions, bruises, scratches, wounds, bone fractures etc.) are compound … classification of the injuries.
A.
Medical
B.
Juridical
C.
Specific
D.
Typical
E.
All those
ANSWER: A
Remind an number of the article of the Criminal Code of Ukraine which is devoted to grievous degree of severity?
A.
121
B.
122
C.
125
D.
126
E.
127
ANSWER: A
Builder C. has fallen from great height. Multiple fractures of the long bones ribs and vertebral column were found on his body. Let’s establish degree of
severity.
A.
Grievous
B.
Very grievous
C.
Moderate
D.
Simple
E.
Mild
ANSWER: A
Waitress G. has fallen downstairs and received closed fracture of the right radial bone. Indicate severity degree of this injury.
A.
Moderate
B.
Grievous
C.
Very grievous
D.
Simple
E.
Mild
ANSWER: A
A schoolboy P. fell down and hurt his elbow. Traumatologist inspected him and revealed an abrasion 4x3 sm. Estimate severity degree of this injury.
A.
Simple
B.
Mild
C.
Grievous
D.
Very grievous
E.
Moderate
ANSWER: B
An ordinary bruise needs for its healing a time period not more than 1 week. That is why it suggests…severity degree.
A.
Simple
B.
Mild
C.
Grievous
D.
Very grievous
E.
Moderate
ANSWER: B
As usual an ordinary contusion of the soft tissues results in temporary loss of working capacity not more than 6 days. Which degree of severity will be
present?
A.
Simple
B.
Mild
C.
Grievous
D.
Very grievous
E.
Moderate
ANSWER: B
An old man was revealed at the scene of fire. It was established in emergency department that his area of burns was II nd in degree and more than 30% of
the skin. Indicate severity degree of those injuries.
A.
Grievous
B.
Very grievous
C.
Moderate
D.
Simple
E.
Mild
ANSWER: A
Full answers to the following questions should be necessarily given by forensic expert in cases of estimation of severity degree.
A.
All are true
B.
Features of injury
C.
Kind of inflicting objects
D.
Time of the injury
E.
Degree of severity
ANSWER: A
An ordinary wound needs for its healing a time period more than 1 week. That is why it suggests… degree of severity .
A.
Simple (with temporary loss of working capacity)
B.
Mild
C.
Grievous
D.
Very grievous
E.
Moderate
ANSWER: A
The questions that the expert is interested in at interrogation of the victim are as follows:
A.
Those all
B.
When (date, time)
C.
Where (at home, in a street, etc.)
D.
Which instruments were used
E.
Complaints in a process of examination
ANSWER: A
Try to give a correct answer: There are following questions that the expert is interested in at interrogation of the victim except:
A.
Who was an offender
B.
When (date, time)
C.
Where (at home, in a street, etc.)
D.
Which instruments were used
E.
Complaints in a process of examination
ANSWER: A
Indicate a correct sequence of the description of injury:
A.
type, localization, shape, size
B.
location, shape, size, kind of injury
C.
shape, size, kind of injury, location
D.
size, kind of injury, shape, location
E.
All are false
ANSWER: A
An injury poses an immediate danger to life. How it should be qualified according to degree of severity?
A.
Grievous
B.
Very grievous
C.
Moderate
D.
Simple
E.
Mild
ANSWER: A
One of the following is basic for suggestion of grievous severity degree:
A.
danger to life
B.
health disorder
C.
time of healing
D.
time of working inability
E.
all are true
ANSWER: A
Forensic autopsy of a corpse revealed a wound of soft tissues in the parietal region, in which projection there determined a round-shaped perforating
fracture of the bone with defect of meninges and damage tobrain tissues by a wound canal with the depth up to the frontal bone. A graze wound of the skin of
head has a round form with diameter of 0.9 cm, its edges are not superposed. The width of graze wound is 0.2-0.3 cm; the surface of graze wound is dried and is
covered with greyish-black substance. The character of the wound of head gives grounds to consider that it was formed as a result of:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Gun.
Blunt implement with bounded surface.
Blunt implement with unbounded surface.
Chopping instrument.
E.
Stabbing instrument.
ANSWER: A
On forensic autopsy of a corpse of dead from a gunshot injury a round-shaped wound with diameter of 0.8 cm was revealed in the left frontal region of the
head. Its serrulated edges are grazed 0,2 cm in width and are not superposed; the surface of graze wound is dried and is of greyish-black colour. The skin around
wound is clean. There is a cone-shaped defect in the bone, which is located correspondingly to he wound, which amplifies into the wound canal in the brain
tissue. Determine the distance of shot.
A.
Contact
B.
Close
C.
Near Contact
D.
Very Close
E.
Distant
ANSWER: E
On forensic autopsy of a corpse of dead from a gunshot injury a round-shaped wound was revealed in the left frontal region of the head. Its edges are not
superposed; grazed, and the surface of graze wound is of intense black colour. There is a muzzle imprint on the skin around the wound; traces of soot and
unburned particles of gunpowder are absent. There is soot, semi-burned grains of gunpowder and a bullet at the end of the wound canal. Determine the distance
of shot.
A.
Contact
B.
Close
C.
Near Contact
D.
Very Close
E.
Distant
ANSWER: A
On forensic autopsy of a corpse of dead from a gunshot injury a round-shaped wound was revealed in the left frontal region of the head. Its edges are
serrulated, inverted; abraded. On the skin around the wound there are impregnations of black colour in the area of 6x5 cm. with partially burnt gun powder
grains. The zone of graze, the walls of wound canal and the skin around the wound are covered with grevish-black substance, which intensity increases toward
the wound. In wound projection there is a rounded cone-shaped defect of the bone directed by its top outwards, proceeding in the wound canal in the brain
tissue; at the end of a wound canal there is a bullet. Determine the distance of shot.
A.
Contact
B.
Close
C.
Near Contact
D.
Very Close
E.
Distant
ANSWER: B
On forensic autopsy of a corpse it was revealed: on the outer surface of the left thigh in the middle third there is a round-shaped wound with "minus-tissue"
defect; its edges are grazed, covered with greyish-black substance. On the inner surface of the same thigh in the middle third there is a slit-like wound with
irregular edges. What kind of object caused the damage?
A.
Gun.
B.
Stabbing instrument.
C.
First stabbing instrument, and then cutting one.
D.
Stab-cutting instrument.
E.
First gun and then stab-cutting instrument.
ANSWER: A
On forensic autopsy of a corpse of citizen A., who had died under obscure circumstances, a forensic expert revealed an oval-shaped wound in the right
temporal region with defect of tissue and zone of graze and the presence of greyish-black deposits round the wound. At approximation of skin there form folds.
The character of the wound gives grounds to consider, that it is:
A.
Stab- incised wound.
B.
Gunshot wound.
C.
Stab wound.
D.
Incised wound.
E.
Chopped wound.
ANSWER: B
On forensic autopsy of a corpse there was revealed: a round-shaped defect "minus tissue" with diameter 0.9 cm in zygomatic region with a zone of graze
up to 0.2 cm wide, which is covered with thin greyish layer. There is a deposit of sooth up to 5 cm wide around the wound. The character of damage gives
grounds to consider that it is:
A.
Entry wound.
B.
Exit wound.
C.
Stab wound.
D.
Stab-incised wound.
E.
Incised wound.
ANSWER: A
On forensic autopsy of a corpse there was revealed: a slit wound in the lumbar region with the edges turned outside, without graze. Bone fragments and
crushed tissues are visible in the wound. In the incised edges of the wound there is a large content of copper and a small amount of lead. The character of
damage gives grounds to consider that it is:
A.
Entry wound.
B.
Exit wound.
C.
Stab wound.
D.
Stab-incised wound.
E.
Incised wound.
ANSWER: B
On forensic autopsy of a corpse on the thigh there was revealed an elongated wound with injured edges, which reaches up to the subcutaneous fat. One end
of the wound is grazed and rounded, but the opposite one has a narrow wedge-shaped graze wound. Investigation of the wound edges showed the presence of
copper, lead, and antimony. The character of wound gives grounds to consider that it is:
A.
Penetrating gunshot wound.
B.
Perforating gunshot wound.
C.
Tangential gunshot wound.
D.
Blind gunshot wound.
E.
Incised wound.
ANSWER: B
On forensic autopsy of a corpse there was revealed a wound on the median line of the frontal bone with cruss-like lacerations of the skin and round bone
defect in depth. Surrounding tisuue is burnt and covered with black soot and grains of powder. Imprint of the muzzle was absent. Establish distance of the shot.
A.
Contact
B.
Close
C.
Near Contact
D.
Very Close
E.
Distant
ANSWER: D
On forensic autopsy of a corpse there was revealed: a "minus-tissue" defect in the area of the right temple; in the wound canal and around the wound there
is a deposit of soot and gunpowder. Streaks of blood are of bright-red colour. On the opposite side there is a slit wound. The character of the damage suggests
that it is:
A.
Stab wound.
B.
Gunshot wound.
C.
Laceration
D.
Sawing wound.
E.
Incised wound.
ANSWER: B
On forensic autopsy of a corpse there was revealed a gunshot wound of the head. In the right temporal region there is a wound of irregular shape with the
presence of "minus-tissue" defect, and linear ruptures, with graze area of brown colour 0.3 cm wide, with the Muzzle imprint, and with minor deposits of a grey
substance around the wound. A slit wound without tissue defect is in the left temporal region of the head. On examination of the wound canal there was revealed
a noticeable deposits of soot and gunpowder, which were located nearer to the hole in the right side of the head. Determine the distance of shot.
A.
Contact
B.
Close
C.
Near Contact
D.
Very Close
E.
Distant
ANSWER: A
A corpse of women had been found in the apartment. Forensic autopsy has revealed: a round-shaped wound with "minus-tissue" defect with brown graze
area are on the left side of the chest in the 5-th costal interspace along the medioclavicular line. On the back in the left scapular region there is a slit-like wound
without tissue defect. On internal examination there was revealed an impairment of the left ventricle of heart and left lung, Minakov's spots under the
endocardium of the left ventricle, and about 1500 ml of blood in the left pleural cavity. What is the cause of death?
A.
Shock.
B.
Acute haemorrhage.
C.
Air embolism.
D.
Fat embolism.
E.
Insufficient blood supply.
ANSWER: B
In the old deserted house a corpse of man with marked putrefactive changes and without clothes was found. An external examination revealed 2 holes
located in the area of the right hypochondrium and on the right side of the back at the distance of 10 cm to the wing of the right ilium and 8 cm to the line of the
spinous processes of the vertebrae. It was impossible to reveal any definite features of the holes due to marked putrefactive changes. An internal examination
revealed the presence of about 2000 ml of blood in the abdominal cavity. On the anterior surface of the right portion of the liver there is a starshaped hole with 5
inverted ruptures. On the posterolateral surface of the same lobe of the liver there was revealed a similar damage, but it was much larger. What causes the
damage?
A.
Firearm.
B.
Stabbing instrument.
C.
First stabbing instrument, and then cutting one.
D.
Stab-cutting instrument.
E.
First gun and then stab-cutting instrument.
ANSWER: A
On forensic autopsy it was revealed: a hole with diameter 2.5 cm with the presence of "minus-tissue" defect and with scalloped graze edges in the area of
the right nipple. Under the skin in the right scapular region there were revealed 4 leaden buckshots with diameter 0.6 cm. Determine the kind of the weapon,
from which the shot was made.
A.
Artillery weapon.
B.
Hunting rifle.
C.
Sport weapon.
D.
Self-made weapon.
E.
Construction weapon.
ANSWER: B
In resolution of an inspector there was specified, that ensign M. was found dead. Makarov's system pistol lied 1 m to him. Post-mortem examination
revealed: on the right lap of a greatcoat is a round-shaped hole with small fabric defect. Around it there are depots of grey substance. The similar damages ere
revealed on the soldier's blouse and on the vest, but without any dirtying. In the right hypochondrium there is a round-shaped wound with “minus-tissue” defect,
with graze area. An internal examination revealed the perforating wound of the stomach and mesentery; complete transverse aortic rupture at the point of
bifurcation, and impairment of the 4-th lumbar vertebra. In the lumbar region at the level of the 4-th lumbar vertebra 3 cm left to it there is a slit-like hole
without tissue defect. Determine the type of the instrument.
A.
Firearm.
B.
Stabbing instrument.
C.
First stabbing instrument, and then cutting one.
D.
Stab-cutting instrument.
E.
First gun and then stab-cutting instrument.
ANSWER: A
In one of forest tracts the almost completely sceletonized corpse of a man was found out. The cartilages and ligaments on a corpse were kept well. On
examination of the clothes there was revealed a round-shaped hole with diameter of 2.5 cm with garneting edges and fabric defect on the right back of the oat.
The similar fabric defects were revealed on the half decomposed skirt and vast. A fracture of the 2nd rib along the right scapular line with the presence of borne
defect along the lower border with the sizes of 0.2x0.3 cm. 4 buck shots, 2 felt and 1 pasteboard wads were revealed in the saprogenic internal organs. Any other
damages were not revealed. Determine the kind of the weapon, from which the shot was made..
A.
Artillery weapon.
B.
Hunting rifle.
C.
Sport weapon.
D.
Self-made weapon.
E.
Construction weapon.
ANSWER: B
On post-mortem examination at the place of occurrence there was revealed: a boot and a sock from the right foot were taken off. The head is considerably
damaged. The bones of calvarium were absent. The latter together with the Drain substance were revealed at the distance of 1.5 m to the corpse. A round-haped
hole with diameter of 0.9 cm with cross-shaped rupture of skin around it and great amount of soot was located in the chin region. Near the corpse there was a
long-boled hunter rifle. What type of death is more probable in this case?
A.
Homicide.
B.
Suicide.
C.
Accident.
D.
Violent death.
E.
Non-violent death.
ANSWER: B
A corpse of a man was found by a hunter in a forest. A hunting rifle with a case in a cartridge-chamber lied next to him. On post-mortem examination any
damages to the clothes were not revealed. A jacket, a coat, and a shirt were unbuttoned. A round-shaped wound with "minus-tissue" defect and with inverted
edges was found out on the left portion of the chest at the level of the 4-th costal interspace along the medioclavicular line. Surrounding skin are burnt and bright
red in colour. Around the wound there were revealed minor deposits of grey substance. An internal examination revealed an extensive injury of the heart and the
left lung, where were found great amount of pellets and wads, and deposits of dark-grey colour in the tissues of impaired heart and lungs. Determine the distance
of shot.
A.
Contact
B.
Close
C.
Near Contact
D.
Very Close
E.
Distant
ANSWER: D
On medico-criminalistic investigation of the skin flap from the corpse of the victim, who had died during skirmish, there were revealed deposits of copper
and droplets of lead along the edges of a gunshot wound. Which method of the investigation should be used for examination?
A.
Contact-diffusion.
B.
Spectral
C.
Radiological.
D.
Fluorescence.
E.
Histological.
ANSWER: A
A man have cut throat with blood stains on front of his shirt is the following wound:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Homicidal cut throat wound
Suicidal cut throat wound
Accidental cut throat wound
All are correct
E.
Gun shot throat wound
ANSWER: B
On forensic autopsy in the area of the neck a cutting wound with crossing of large vessels, trachea and oesophagus is revealed. In the respiratory tracts and
large bronchi there is liquid blood and its clots. The lung tissue on section ; of a motley pattern due to presence of dark red stains alternating with more light
sites. The internal organs are moderately full-blooded. What is the most probable reason of death?
A.
Traumatic shock.
B.
Aspiration of blood.
C.
Air embolism.
D.
Fat embolism.
E.
Acute haemorrhage.
ANSWER: B
On forensic autopsy on the back to the right along a scapular line at a level of the third intercostal space a wound of a spindle-shaped form with acute ends
and dried up even edges is revealed. The wound canal passes from backwards to forwards through the soft tissues, damages the right scapula, through the
intercostal muscle of the third intercostal space penetrates into the right pleural cavity, then into the tissue of the right lung, where blindly terminates. The
character of this injury suggests that it was inflicted by:
A.
Chopping instrument.
B.
Cutting object.
C.
Stab-cutting object.
D.
Stabbing object.
E.
Sawing object.
ANSWER: D
On forensic autopsy a short oblique wound is revealed on the back to the left at a level of the III-VI ribs in the space between posterior-axillary and
paravertebral lines, of a spindle-shaped form, with even edges and acute ends. The wound penetrates up to the left scapula, where according to its longitudinal
axis the incision of periosteum is identified. The greatest depth of the wound at the right end is 2 cm; the left end of the wound gradually turns to a superficial
incision. The wound is filled with a blood clot, the skin around is with small stains of blood. The character of this injury suggests that it was inflicted by:
A.
Chopping instrument.
B.
Cutting object.
C.
Stab-cutting object.
D.
Stabbing object.
E.
Sawing object.
ANSWER: C
At forensic medical examination on the back of the injured in oblique transversal direction on the left at a level of VI- V ribs between posterior axillary and
paravertebral lines a cut wound of soft tissues of a spindle-shaped form, 8.3 cm in length at approximation of edges, with even edges and acute ends is revealed.
The main thing in mechanism of formation of a cut wound is:
A.
Exfoliation of tissue by a blade of a cutting instrument.
B.
Friction of blade beaks with wound edges.
C.
Dissection of tissues by a blade.
D.
Crushing of tissue by a blade of a cutting instrument.
E.
Destruction of tissues by a blade.
ANSWER: C
On forensic autopsy in the parietal area of the head along a midline in the direction from upwards to downwards a wound penetrating into the cranial cavity
is revealed. The skin damage has a form of an elongated triangle with the upper acute and lower “П”-like ends and even edges. According to the wound in the
parietal bone there is a defect in a form of elongated triangle. Further the wound through membranes injures the cranial tissue. The character of this injury
suggests that it was inflicted by:
A.
Chopping instrument.
B.
Cutting object.
C.
Stab-cutting object.
D.
Stabbing object.
E.
Sawing object.
ANSWER: A
On forensic autopsy almost a complete ablation of the left upper extremity is revealed at a level of a lower third of the shoulder retaining the connection
with the rest part of the shoulder by means of a skin shred on its internal surface. The ablation is transversal with injury of the skin, muscular tissue, nerves, and
vessels, humeral bone as the injury running in one plane and with well discernible arcuate elevations and furrows on the surface of a saw cut. The skin edges
along the line of separation are small- shred. The character of this injury suggests that it was inflicted by:
A.
Chopping instrument.
B.
Cutting object.
C.
Stab-cutting object.
D.
Stabbing object.
E.
Sawing object.
ANSWER: A
On forensic autopsy almost a complete ablation of the right lower extremity is revealed at a level of a lower third of the femur retaining the connection with
the rest part of the femur by means of a skin shred on its internal surface. The ablation is transversal with injury of the skin, muscular tissue, nerves and vessels,
femoral bone as the injury running in one plane and with parallel elevations and furrows. The dermal edges of the wound have a characteristic jagged view with
short, symmetrically located grazes. The character of this injury suggests that it was inflicted by:
A.
Chopping instrument.
B.
Cutting object.
C.
Stab-cutting object.
D.
Stabbing object.
E.
Sawing object.
ANSWER: E
Patient P. was delivered to the doctor in a poor condition with a gaping bleeding wound in the area of neck, 8x3.5xl.5 cm in size. From words of a
militiaman the injury was inflicted by a razor. What is the most probable shape of the wound could have formed in this case?
A.
Linear.
B.
Semilunar.
C.
Angular.
D.
Zig-zag.
E.
Oval.
ANSWER: A
On forensic autopsy on the chest to the left at a level of 4 intercostals space a wound of a spindle-shaped form is revealed located obliquely from upwards
to downwards, from the right to the left. At approximation of edges the wound acquires a linear form. The wound edges are even, ungrazed, the ends are acute,
and the walls of a wound canal are vertical. In depth of the wound the subcutaneous fatty tissue is visible. The character of this injury suggests that it was
inflicted by:
A.
Chopping instrument.
B.
Blunt object.
C.
Stab-cutting object.
D.
Bullet.
E.
Sawing object.
ANSWER: C
Dead young woman was found in her bathroom. Some superficial and parallel cuttings and only one serious incision were found on her arm. What do you think
about manner of death?:
A.
homicide
B.
suicide
C.
accident
D.
natural
E.
undetermined
ANSWER: B
Dead body of taxi driver (killed some hours ago) is examined in autopsy room. Forensic-medical expert has noted in the “Report” the following: The entry
wound is located in the left lateral area of the abdomen, vertically oriented, spindle-shaped. It length is 3 sm, width - 1sm. It’s margins are clean and ends are
pointed without any slight tears. There is wound track also (depth of the wound is 8sm.). Establish using instrument.
A.
Chopping instrument.
B.
Cutting object.
C.
Double bladed stabbing object.
D.
Single bladed stabbing object.
E.
Sawing object.
ANSWER: C
A corpse of an infant was found out. A closed, single, horizontal, of light-brown colour, and of parchment density ligature mark is in the lower third of the
neck. Cheese-like lubricant is in the natural folds; blood is on the lower extremities; the umbilical cord is of grey colour and jelly-like consistency;
cephalhaematoma is in the parietal region. Define the cause of death.
A.
Manual strangulation.
B.
Cephalhaematoma.
C.
Strangulation by a ligature.
D.
Acute anaemia.
E.
Hanging.
ANSWER: C
Dead body of an infant at the age of 3 months was found out in his bed; a pillow lied beside. Livores mortis of blue-violet colour are located on the
posterolateral surfaces of the body; punctuated haemorrhages to the palpebral conjunctiva; haemorrhages of dark-red colour to the mucous membrane of the
upper and lower lips. Internal examination had revealed: Hyperemia and oedema of the vocal cords, punctuated haemorrhages to the larynx; the signs of
asphyxia death. What is the supposed cause of death?
A.
Birth trauma.
B.
Laryngeal oedema.
C.
Strangulation by a ligature.
D.
Throttling.
E.
Closing of nasal and oral cavities.
ANSWER: E
On the bank of the Salgir River there was found a corpse of an infant wrapped in the white cotton-swaddling band. External examination revealed cheeselike lubricant in the skin folds; traces of blood were noticed on the buttocks; the umbilical cord had jelly-like consistency. The body weight was 3500 g, height 55 cm. Fresh abrasions and bruises were on the mucous membrane of the vestibule of mouth and on the cheek. Threads of red colour were found out from oral
cavity. What was the cause of death?
A.
Birth trauma.
B.
Supercooling of the body.
C.
Manual strangulation.
D.
Cephalohematoma.
E.
Closure of the nose and mouth.
ANSWER: E
It is known, that a corpse of a newborn was found out in he field. External examination revealed 4 wounds on the face with scalloped edges of irregular
form; the largest one had the sizes of 1xl cm. On the right forearm there were revealed two similar wounds. A ligature mark is in the middle third of the neck; it
is single, horizontal, closed, of brown colour, of parchment density. Livores mortis of blue-violet colour are on the posterolateral surface of the body. Rigor
mortis is ill defined. What is the cause of death?
A.
Birth trauma.
B.
Acute anaemia.
C.
Strangulation by a ligature.
D.
Manual strangulation.
E.
Hanging.
ANSWER: C
It is known, that a corpse of a male infant with the weight of 3100 g, and height of 48 cm was found out in the closet basin at the hostel of commercial
technical school by sanitary technicians. Livores mortis of pale rose colour are located on the lower extremities. Rigor mortis is not noted. Thick fine foam of
grey colour is in the openings of the nose and mouth, and in the respiratory tracts. Post-mortem examination revealed pulmonary emphysema, water in the
stomach and small intestine. What is the cause of death?
A.
Birth trauma.
B.
Supercooling of the body.
C.
Strangulation by a ligature.
D.
Drowning.
E.
Poisoning
ANSWER: D
One of the morphological signs of acute death is:
A.
Severe PML
B.
Mild PML
C.
Gipostasis in the lower parts of body
D.
Leucocytosis
E.
Coagulation of blood in large vessels
ANSWER: A
Biological (molecular) death shows itself:
A.
Irreversible changes in an organism
B.
Reversible changes in an organism
C.
Supervital state
D.
Deep suppression of vital functions of organism
E.
Clinical definition of the grievous condition of the patient
ANSWER: A
In which two groups are the postmortem phenomena divided to?
A.
Relative and absolute
B.
Early and late
C.
Fresh and old
D.
Visible and hidden
E.
Physiological and pathological
ANSWER: B
Cooling of the body, PML, Changes in the muscles and autolysis belong to:
A.
Only late changes
B.
Early and late cadaveric phenomena
C.
Only to preserving cadaveric phenomena
D.
Only to early phenomena
E.
Only to destroying changes
ANSWER: D
Rectal temperature in dead body during inspection of the scene of death was 22 ˚C (surroundings - 18 ˚C ). How many hours have been elapsed since death
?
A.
B.
C.
D.
3 hours
7 hours
14 hours
18 hours
E.
24 hours
ANSWER: B
Which conditions are necessary for Larshe stains formation?
A.
opened eyes of dead body
B.
closed eyes of dead body
C.
conjunctivitis
D.
agonic death
E.
sudden death
ANSWER: A
As a rule PML begins . . . after death.
A.
in 0,5 hour
B.
in 1,5-2 hours
C.
in 2 - 3 hours
D.
in 4 – 5 hours
E.
in 6 – 8 hours
ANSWER: B
The stage of іmbibition (in PML formation) develops after death in:
A.
16 hours
B.
20 hours
C.
24 hours
D.
36 hours
E.
48 hours
ANSWER: D
In which muscles does Cadaveric Rigidity appear at the first ?
A.
In Myocardium
B.
In the muscles of upper extremities
C.
In the muscles of neck
D.
In masseters
E.
In the muscles of lower extremities
ANSWER: D
Find an expert significance of mummification?
A.
it helps estimate time since death
B.
it preserves the body and its injuries
C.
it suggests cause of death
D.
it helps to identify a dead person
E.
all are true
ANSWER: E