RESEARCH PROJECTS JULY 1, 2011– JUNE 30, 2012
Project Title: Advanced Course on Diagnostics
PI: Rosanna Peeling; Collaborators: Fondation Merieux, France
Project Description: Course to build capacity for leadership and critical decision making in diagnostics for
developing countries. Funding Source(s): Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; Total Funding Amount: US $ 287,789
Duration: 2010-2013
Project Title: Activity based protein profiling of virus infections
PI: Coombs, K.M.
Project Description: We have been engaged in “non-biased” proteomic screenings of quantitative alterations in
host proteins after infection of cells with both reovirus and influenza virus (described in earlier reports). To
complement these studies, we have initiated activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) to detect alterations in
enzymatic functions within infected cells, with focus initially on serine hydrolases, a large class of key enzymes
linked to numerous biologic functions. ABPP provides a non-biased assessment of changes in enzymatic function
of all members of targeted classes. These studies will identify key changes in enzymatic function and may
promote development of more effective viral therapies. Funding Source(s): none; Duration: ongoing
Project Title: Anti-retroviral based combination prevention in India: predicting population-level effectiveness and
emergence of drug resistance.
PI- Michel Alary; Co-Investigator-M Becker; Other Co-Investigators including- Sharmistha Mishra, Marie-Claude
Boilly, Stephen Moses, James Blanchard.
Project Description: as above; Funding Source(s): CANFAR; Total Funding Amount: $100,000; Duration: January
15, 2012 - January 15, 2014.
Project Title: Assessment of knowledge, awareness and attitudes towards pertussis and pertussis immunization
strategies in post-partum mothers.
PI: Sergio Fanella; Co-PI: Matias Wengiel
Project Description: This BScMed project consists of 2 parts. The first is a retrospective review of hospitalized
cases of pertussis at WCH over the last 5 years to determine variability in severity, management, and outcome.
The 2nd component will involve a survey of postpartum mothers at HSC and St Boniface Hospital to determine
their knowledge, attitudes, and awareness of pertussis and pertussis immunization strategies. Data collected
from the retrospective review will be used as part of this study’s survey to ensure the information given to the
participants reflects the epidemiologic characteristics of pertussis in Manitoba. The overall goal is to determine if
attitudes of post-partum mothers regarding pertussis and immunization change once they have been given
information regarding the spectrum of illness of local pediatric hospitalized cases, and use this information to
assist with future local pertussis prevention strategies. Funding Amount: N/A, Duration: 2012-2013
Project Title: Attitudes and Factors Influencing the Uptake and Use of Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Influenza
Vaccine in Manitoban Children and their Families
PI: Joanne Embree; Co-PI: Sergio Fanella; Collaborators:, Maryanne Crockett, Fiona Fleming, Jared Bullard,
Natalie Bridger
Project Description: Survey study of parental attitudes toward pandemic (H1N1) 2009 immunization campaign.
Funding Source(s): Manitoba Health; Total Funding Amount: $21,800; Duration: 04/2011 – 03/2012
Project Title: The behavioural, social, and cultural factors affecting the epidemiology of sexually transmitted
infections (STIs) and bloodborne pathogens (BPs) in high-risk populations in Canada: Determing risk space in
Canada’s vulnerable populations.
PI: John Wylie; Co-PI: Ann Jolly; Collaborators: Carole Beaudoin, Magdy Dawood, Paul Van Caeseele
Project Description: As above; Funding Source(s): CIHR; Total Funding Amount: $538,390; Duration: 2007-2012
Project Title: “Building Capacity to Respond to HIV/AIDS in China”
PI: James Blanchard; Collaborators: John O’Neil, Stephen Moses, Ellen Judd (Anthropology), Nancy Yu
(Community Health Sciences.
Project Description: A Tier 2 agreement from CIDA to build the capacity of the West China School of Public Health
at Sichuan University to design training programs for improving HIV prevention, care and support in China.
Funding Source(s): CIDA; Total Funding Amount: $998,000; Duration: 2007-2013.
Project Title: Building a Strategic Community-based Response to HIV in Saskatoon. PI: Meile R
Co-PI: Skinner S), Stewart K, White N
Project Description: As above; Funding Source(s): CIHR Meetings, Planning and Dissemination Grant
Total Funding Amount: $25,000; Duration: 2011
Project Title: Canadian Asthma Primary Prevention Study
PI: Becker A Chan-Yeung , M. (UM, UBC) (HayGlass, K)
Funding Source(s): CIHR ;Total Funding Amount: $1.07 million over 3 years (2010-2012)
Project Title: Canadian Nosocomial Surveillance Program Studies
PI: Various: Co-Investigators J Embil, J Embree, M Mulvey et al
Project descriptions (various projects):
1) Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci Suveillance in CHEC/CNISP Health Care Facilities: An ongoing surveillance
since 1998 of the incidence and changing trends of vancomycin resistance among Enterococci in Canadian
sentininel hospitals. MRSA Suveillance in CHEC/CNISP Health Care Facilities:
2) An ongoing surveillance since 1995 of the incidence, changing trends and associated risk factors of MRSA in
Canadian sentininel hospitals.
3) An ongoing surveillance of CDAD in Canadian CHEC/CNISP health care facilities
4) Ongoing surveillance of central line infections in intensive care units in CHEC/CNISP hospitals
5) Ongoing surveillance of infections in CSF shunts in selected pediatric and adult hospitals in the CHEC/CNISP,
6) Surveillance of nosocomial respiratory viruses in selected CHEC/CNISP hospitlas,
7) Surveilance of carbapenem resistance in gram negative organisms in selected CHEC/CNISP hospitals,
8) A pilot nosocomial infection cost study
9) National hand washing survey
10) National point prevalence studies of nosocomial infections & patients on isolation precautions in Canada.
Funding: Public Health Agency of Canada; Duration: Ongoing
Project Title: Cannabinoids in Health and Disease
PI: Marylou V Solbrig; Collaborators: Marco Bortolato, Shadreck Mzengeza, Michael Cossoy
Project Description: The major goals of the program are to use animal models to understand the role of
cannabinoids in the domains of neurodevelopment and CNS viral-induced inflammatory disease, and to apply this
knowledge to treatment of human CNS inflammatory disorders. Funding Source(s): MHRC; Total Funding
Amount: $100,000; Duration: 2010-2013
Project Title: CANWARD 2011/2
PI: George Zhanel; Co-Pi Dr D.J. Hoban
Project Description: Assessing the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in pathogens associated with respiratory,
skin and soft tissue, urinary and bacteremic infections in hospitalized patients in Canada
Funding Source(s): Sunovion ($10,000); Pfizer ($100,000); Merck ($35,000); Astellas ($35,000); Abbott
($10,000); Cerexa/Forest ($35,000); The Medicines Co ($10,000); Astra Zeneca ($30,000); Affinium ($10,000);
Cubist ($25,000); Achaogen ($20,000); Total amount $320,000; Duration, 2011-2012
Project Title: Capacity building and training of AVAHAN partners in Mysore and Mandya: a learning site for
CLSI programming
PI: Dr. James Blanchard; Co-PIs: Dr. Stephen Moses, Dr. Sushena Reza-Paul
Project Description: The purpose of this project is to reduce the risk of transmission of HIV and STIs among sex
workers in the learning sites of Mysore and Mandya by implementing community-led structural intervention
(CLSI) elements. In addition, technical competence will be built among community and non-community
personnel implementing Avahan funded HIV prevention programs in the contest of the Common Minimum
Program, and within the overall construct of CLSI, by demonstrative learning and coaching.
Funding Source: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; Funding Amount: USD $3.2 million; Duration: 2007-2013.
Project Title: A Case Control and Genetic Analysis of Risk Factors for Acquisition of Blastomycosis
PI: John Embil; Co-PI: Yoav Keynan
Project Description: The case control analysis has already been performed and has been published in the
Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology. The genetic analysis portion of this study is
currently underway. To date, 16 subjects and a control for each subject have submitted serum specimens for
analysis. It is anticipated that another 24 subjects will be recruited over the next year.
Funding Source(s): Unfunded; Duration: 2011-2013
Project Title: Central Nervous System Blastomycosis
PI: John Embil; Co-PI: Sherry Krawitz; Collaborators: Jonathon Bush, Terry Wuerz
Project Description: Retrospective chart review of persons who have had blastomycosis involving persons who
have had central nervous system manifestations of blastomycosis.
Funding Source(s): Unfunded. Duration 2011-2013
Project Title CIHR Information Session on HIV Research in Saskatchewan. (Approx. 50 attendees).
Co-PI: Skinner S
Project Description: As above; Funding Source(s):CIHR; Total Funding Amount: Estimated $20,000-40,000
Duration: April 2012
Project Title: Characterization of Acute and Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Genotypes in Canada
PI: Carla Osiowy; Collaborators: Hong-Xing Wu, Mel Krajden, Anton Andonov, Anil Dudani, Jun Wu
Project Description: The prevalence and distribution of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes in Canada is not known.
Although the prevalence of chronic infection in the Canadian-born population is estimated to be <1%, the rate
among specific populations such as immigrants is considerably higher. As HBV genotypes have a global
geographic distribution, genotypic analysis of HBV infecting Canadians with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) or newlydiagnosed acute infection will contribute to a better understanding of the prevalence, distribution and mode of
transmission of HBV strains present in Canada. METHODS: HBsAg-positive serum specimens submitted to the
National Microbiology Laboratory from 2006 to 2010 for HBV reference genotype testing (n=809) or laboratory
strain surveillance of acute HBV (n=123) were included in the analysis. Only age and gender were available for
the majority of reference requests while demographic and risk factor information was available for the majority of
acute cases. HBV reference genotype requests represented patients newly referred to specialists, candidates for
treatment, or targeted populations, such as HBV-infected pregnant women, thus all were assumed to be from
CHB patients. Acute case specimens were from individuals meeting an acute case definition. HBV DNA was
extracted and the HBsAg coding region amplified to determine the HBV genotype by either the INNO-LiPA
hybridization assay (35% of all samples) or by phylogenetic analysis of a 519-bp sequence region (65% of all
samples). RESULTS: CHB genotype results represented 9 provinces and 1 territory of Canada, while acute
genotype results represented 3 provinces. All 8 HBV genotypes were detected, as well as the complex X/C strain
and mixed genotype infections. Within CHB specimens, genotype C (HBV/C) was the most predominant at 30%,
followed by HBV/A and B at 24% each. HBV/D and E were present at 14% and 6%, respectively. Differences in
CHB genotype distribution were observed among the eastern and western regions of Canada. In contrast, HBV/D
and A were most predominant among acute HBV cases (A, 28%; B, 9%; C, 15%; D, 41%; E, 3%; G, 2%, F and
H, 1% each). Injection drug use and previous incarceration were highly associated with HBV/D acute infection.
Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated a close evolutionary analysis among acute HBV/D strains suggesting
circulation of a persistent and stable strain within specific high risk populations. CONCLUSIONS: In Canada, a
disconnect exists between highly prevalent HBV genotypes observed in CHB and acute patients, suggesting
differing routes of transmission and risk factors for infection. Funding Source(s): Public Health Agency of Canada;
Total Funding Amount: N/A; Duration: ongoing
Project Title: Characterizing immune responses in TB and TB/HIV coinfected patients
PI: Blake Ball- NML/National Laboratory for HIV Viral Immunology Co-PI: Meenu Sharma, NRCM/NML; Joyce
Wolfe, NRCM, NML; Pam Orr, U of M; Ken Kasper, Manitoba HIV clinical program, U of M; Marissa Becker,
Manitoba HIV clinical program, U of M; Linda Larcombe, Dept of Medical Microbiology, U of M
Project Description: The overall goal of this research study is to gain further understanding of the correlates of
protection in TB, HIV, and dual infections. The three major objectives are to evaluate and implement new
platforms for the detection of TB specific immune responses, use those to identify correlates of protection for TB
infection and evaluate the immunobiology of dual infections. The goal is to gain a better understanding of the
immunological parameters which control TB infection alone and in the context of HIV infection. Funding
Source(s): NRCM O/M, National Laboratory for HIV Viral Immunology O/M ;Duration: 2009-2012
Project Title: Climatic Variability, Social-Ecological Changes, and Dengue Disease in Bangladesh
Co-PI: Dr. Mike Drebot; Collaborators: M. Gias Uddin Ahsan (North South University, Bangladesh), C. Emdad
Haque (University of Manitoba), Michael Drebot (PHAC, U of Manitoba), E. Rubinstein.
Project Description: Surveillance and ecology of dengue virus-associated disease in Bangladesh; Funding;
Source(s): IDRC; Total Funding Amount: ($ 420,000); Duration: 5 years (2010-2014);
Co-awarding of Bangladesh Dengue International Development Research Centre Grant Study (2010-2014):
Climatic Variability, Social-Ecological Changes, and Dengue Disease in Bangladesh: Development of an Integrated
Ecohealth and Adaptive Management (IEAM) Approach.
Project Title: Clinical correlation of EBV and CMV viral loads as predictors of disease and therapeutic monitoring
in blood and marrow transplant patients in Manitoba
PI: Jesse Marantz; Co-PI: Jared Bullard, Donna Wall
Project Description: Review of viral kinetics and lab quality in the BMT population from 2008 to present
Funding Source: BSc(med) project; Duration: June 2012- August 2013
Project Title: Comparative genomics of Canadian Listeria monocytogenes strains to inform listeriosis
surveillance, outbreak response, and public health priorities
PI: MW Gilmour; Collaborators: Dr. Vanessa Allen (PHO) and other CPHLN members, Drs. Jeff Farber and Franco
Pagotto (BMH), A. Reimer, Celine Nadon, Morag Graham, and Gary Van Domselaar (NML)
Project Description: This project responds to Weatherill recommendations and involves the whole genome
sequencing and comparative analyses of a historical panel of 39 Canadian Listeria monocytogenes isolates from
13 listeriosis outbreaks, 6 sporadic clinical cases, as well as 3 non-virulent isolates from a food processing
environment. The main objectives are to, 1) confirm the existence of a persistent epidemic clone of L.
monocytogenes in Canada and to identify typing strategies to differentiate public health events caused by this
clone, 2) characterize the intra- and inter-outbreak diversity among Canadian strains of L. monocytogenes to
inform the interpretation of current and emerging molecular typing methods, and 3) use comparative genomics to
identify genetic marker candidates for further investigation of virulence, environmental persistence, clinical
diagnostics, and risk assessment. Funding Source(s): Treasury Board; Duration:2010-2012
Project Title: Comparative Microbial Genomics with GView Server
PI: Van Domselaar, G
Project Description: As above; Funding Source(s): Internal; Duration: ongoing
Project Title: COMPcc nanocarriers in the targeted dual hit killing of human brain cancer cells
PI: Dr. T. Klonisch; Collaborators: Dr. J. Stetefeld
Project Description: As above; Funding Source(s):Cancer Research Society; Total Funding Amount: 120,00.00
Duration: 2012-2014
Project Title: To conduct an assessment of the evidence for the development of recommendations for the use of
laboratory testing in the management of Persons Living with HIV.
PI: Rosanna Peeling
Project Description: To prepare systematic reviews and to assess evidence for the effectiveness and utility of
technologies for CD4, viral load and early infant diagnosis, using the WHO GRADE system. This work forms part
of the evidence base for the development of the 2013 WHO Management Guidelines for HIV/AIDS. Funding
Source(s): World Health Organization;Total Funding Amount: US$ 14,500; Duration: May-Dec 2012
Project Title: CREATE for protecting the health of Canadians: integrated training program in infectious disease,
food safety and public policy
PI: Baljit Singh, Co-PI: Gerds, Misra, Weingartl, Towsend, Reeder, Gordon, Potter, Waldner, Phillips; Skinner
Project Description: As above; Funding Source: NSERC grant #: 414153-2012 $1,650,000; Duration: 2012
Project Title: Defining the role of rectal and oral innate mucosal immune factors in HIV-exposed, but uninfected
men who have sex with men
PI’s: Frank Plummer, Terry Ball, Adam Burgener; Collaborators: Kristina Broliden, Klara Hasselrot, Robin Shattock,
Carolina Herrera
Project Description: Globally, men who have sex with men (MSM) are one of the highest risk groups for HIV
acquisition for many social and biological factors. Both the rectal and oral compartments of MSM serve as the
primary site of HIV exposure during sexual contact and unprotected receptive anal sex continues to dominate
patterns of HIV transmission. Both compartments produce mucosa to serve as a barrier to invading pathogens
but little is known about mucosal factors which are associated with transmission and pathogenesis of HIV. Both
the vaccine and microbicide research field would highly benefit from the identification of compartment-specific
novel anti-HIV agents, especially endogenous antiviral molecules residing in the rectal and oral compartments
that could complement existing prevention technologies. This proposal will represent the first and most
comprehensive study of the rectal and oral mucosa of HIV-exposed uninfected MSM and HIV-resistant
commercial sex workers and significantly increase our understanding of the immunobiology at these sites. These
experiments will also demonstrate the biological role of antiviral factors associated with protection from HIV in
rectal tract tissue, with the goal of using them as components in a microbicide. These studies will increase our
understanding of components of the rectal and oral mucosal innate immune response with the potential to
develop new therapeutic intervention technologies. Funding Source(s):CIHR HIV/AIDS Priority announcement.
Total Funding Amount: $387,000. Duration: October 2012 – 2015.
Project Title: Dendritic Cell Analysis in Hepatitis C Infected Patients.
PI: Dr. Sylvia Van den Hurk; Co-PI: Skinner S (Co-investigator), Sanche S (Co-investigator), Wilson J (Coinvestigator).
Project Description: Evaluation of Hepatitis C virus (HCV): HCV is the etiological agent of non-A, non-B hepatitis.
An estimated 170 million people are infected with HCV. We demonstrated the potential for dendritic cell therapy
against HCV in a mouse model. To further evaluate the potential of approach, we plan to characterize the
dendritic cells from chronic HCV patients in comparison to healthy individuals, and to optimize the functional
properties of these dendritic cells by treatment with immunomodulatory compounds. Funding Source(s):
Unfunded; Duration: 2009-2012
Project Title: Detection and Identification Assay Validation Program for Biothreat Agents
PI: Cindy Corbett
Funding Source(s): CBRN Research and Technology Initiative; Total Funding Amount: $3,100,000; Duration:
2010-2014
Project Title: Detection of verotoxin-producing E. coli from stool specimens by PCR
PI: Philippe Lagacé-Wiens; Collaborators: James Karlowsky; Heather Adam
Project Description: Evaluate the ability of molecular assays to directly detect the presence of verotoxin-producing
E. coli and other pathogens from stool specimens. Funding Source(s): Diagnostic Services of Manitoba; Total
Funding Amount: $11,000; Duration: 2011-2012
Project Title: Determination of the threshold of drug resistant minority variants that result in antiretroviral
treatment failure among a HIV-1 infected children population
PI: Songok Elijah; Co-PI: Binhua Liang; Collaborators: James Brooks;
Project Description: This project will carry out a preliminary investigation using an alternative technique of Ultradeep sequencing to determine threshold frequency of antiretroviral resistant variants that ultimately lead to
treatment failure. Funding Source(s): Manitoba Institute of Child Health Operating Grant; Total Funding Amount:
$39,921; Duration: 2011-2012
Project Title: Determining the role of Serpin antiproteases in resistance to HIV-1 infection in the female genital
tract to aid in the development of novel vaginal microbicide candidates.
PI: Frank Plummer; Co-PI: Blake Ball, Adam Burgener
Project Description: The HIV-1 pandemic disproportionately affects women due to numerous biological and social
factors, and this is evident in sub- Saharan Africa and other developing areas, where they constitute more than
55% of those infected. Interest has grown in the development of preventative technologies for women, such as
vaginal microbicides [6]. Women are particularly vulnerable to HIV-1 infection, as they often cannot control
sexual encounters and/or condom use. The development of female-controlled prevention methods, which could
be used without partner consent and in places where anti-retroviral treatment is not readily accessible, would be
extremely beneficial. But our lack of knowledge of what provides natural immunity to HIV in women has impeded
this process. Studies of HIV-resistant women have shown that Serpins may be providing protection against HIV
infection in the female genital tract, the first site of contact for HIV. Serpins are known to inhibit inflammatory
processes known to be a risk factor for HIV-infection, and also have innate antiviral properties. This proposal will
evaluate the role of Serpins in inflammation and HIV-infection in female genital tract tissue with the hope of using
them in a microbicide formulation. This information could be used to help design an effective female-controlled
technology against HIV-1 infection and would represent a novel protection strategy. Funding Source(s):
Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR); Total Funding Amount: $683, 220; Duration: 01/2011 – 12/2015
Project Title: Development of aminoglycoside antimicrobials with novel or combined modes of action
PI: F. Schweizer; Co-PI: G. Zhanel
Project Description: as above; Funding Source(s): CIHR Operating Grant; Total Funding Amount: $382,825
Duration: 2012-2015
Project Title: Development of Canadian diagnostic capability for Rift Valley fever virus
PI: Hana Weingartl; Co-PI: William Wilson, Ute Stroeher, Robbin Lindsay, Markus Czub, Stuart Nicol;
Project Description: Development of diagnostic tests (including reagents) and control samples for RVFV in cattle,
sheep and goats, basic pathogenesis and immune response studies; Funding Source(s): CRTI-06-0138RD; Total
Funding Amount: $1,215,000; Duration: 2008-2013
Project Title: Development of multi-targeting aminoglycoside hybrid antibiotics designed to overcome
antibacterial resistance.
PI: F. Schweizer; Collaborators: G. Zhanel, G. Arthur
Project Description: as above; Funding Source(s): MHRC; Total Funding Amount: $500,000; Duration: 2012-2017
Project Title: Development and Optimization of a Multiplex Quantitative PCR Assay for Adenovirus, CMV and
EBV for Monitoring in Transplant Patients
PI: Jared Bullard; Co-PI: Arwa Faizo
Project Description: reflected in project title; Funding Source: Cadham Laboratory, Grant funding currently being
sought; Total Funding Amount: n/a; Duration: January 2011 onwards
Project Title: Development of a Protocol for the Renewal of Housing to Improve the Health of First Nations
Residents
PI: Dimos Polyzois; Collaborators: M. Alfaro (Engineering), C. Dick (Engineering), E. Polyzois (Education), P. Orr
(Medicine, Medical Microbiology, Community Health Sciences ), L. Larcombe (Medicine, Medical Microbiology,
Community Health Sciences)
Project Description: The objectives of the proposed community-based research project are to develop a protocol
for First Nations housing to meet acceptable healthy and sustainable housing standards, and then to use this
protocol to develop a Best Practice Process for First Nations housing renewal. A Healthy Housing Index (HHI) will
also be developed to measure the link between housing conditions and health, using both medical and building
science. Finally, the impact of children’s health on school absenteeism and academic performance will be
examined. Funding Source(s): NSERC and CIHR; Total Funding Amount: $4750,050; Duration: 2010-2012
Project Title: Development of user-friendly porcine respiratory disease microarray
PI: Dr. Oliver Lung, CFIA-Lethbridge, AB; Collaborators: Dr. Tomy Joseph, Dr. Anne Beeston and Robin King
Project Description: Porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC) is a multi-factorial disease that can involve
several viral and bacterial pathogens. PRDC has a significant impact on production efficiency and is the most
important health concern of pig producers. Current methods for detection of porcine respiratory pathogens are
inefficient and time consuming, often requiring independent tests for each pathogen. No diagnostic test exists for
the simultaneous detection of major viral and bacterial porcine respiratory pathogens. DNA microarrays are
uniquely suitable for highly multiplexed detection and subtyping of pathogens. The objective of this project is to
develop a porcine respiratory disease DNA chip on a user-friendly microarray platform for simultaneous
identification of major porcine respiratory disease pathogens. This project aims to provide tools that will
streamline detection of porcine respiratory pathogens, facilitate basic and applied PRDC research and collection of
scientific data regarding the prevalence and types of co-infections. Funding Source(s): Alberta Livestock and Meat
Agency, ALMA Total Funding Amount: CAN$284,400; Duration: 2010-2013
Project Title: Diabetic feet projects - An ongoing program of study of the infectious and other complications of
diabetic feet.
PI: John Embil
Project descriptions:
a) The epidemiology, health care utilization, and cost of inpatient and outpatient care by patients with diabetes
and lower extremity complications. Duration and Funding: 2001-ongoing; 2001- 2002 Health Science Centre $24,985; 2002-onward Eli Lillie - $50,000 x 1 year then $25,000/year
b) Mental Health Status of Persons with Diabetes and Foot Ulcers; Co-PI: Jatinder Sareen; Project Description:
Case control study of persons who have diabetes with and without foot ulcers and their caregivers. The
rationale is to determine whether the diabetic foot ulcer and care thereof, leads to significant mental health
concerns.
Project Title: Discovery of aminoglycoside-peptides
Co-PI: George Zhanel
Project Description: As above
Funding Source(s): CIHR-MHRC
Total Funding Amount: 140,000; Duration: 2011-2012
Project Title: A DNA-based universal seasonal influenza vaccine phase 1 safety and immunogenicity study
PI: Kobinger, Gary; Co-PI: Aoki, Fred
Project Description: A safety and tolerability study of a DNA-based universal influenza vaccine in healthy adults >
65 years of age. Funding Source(s): CIHR Operating Grant. Total Funding Amount: $320,000; Duration: 1/09/1131/08/13
Project Title: Drivers and Consequences of Immune Quiescence in HIV Exposed Seronegative Individuals from
Nairobi, Kenya . Understanding the role of the concept of Immune Quescence in protecting against HIV infection .
PI: Keith Fowke Co-PI: Blake Ball;
Project Description: as above; Funding Source(s): Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR); Total Funding
Amount: $712,140; Duration: 04/2011 – 03/2016
Project Title: The effect of the CD4 pathogenicity island on HIV susceptibility and disease progression
PI: Keith Fowke; Co-PI: Ma Luo, Xiao-Jian Yao;
Project Description: Based on our new data and the Immune Quiescence hypothesis we have developed a new
paradigm for HIV resistance. We hypothesize that the Immune Quiescence state observed in HIV resistant
women leads to resilience to HIV infection and fewer infected cells. Those few cells that do become infected are
then targeted by the HIV-specific cellular immune response. Funding Source(s): CIHR; Total Funding Amount:
$663,050; Duration: Sept 2009 – Aug 2014
Project Title: Effect of Nipah virus infection on interferon type I (IFN-type I) induction in porcine immune cells
PI: Hana Weingartl
Project Description: As above; Funding Source: NSERC grant #:327187-2012:
Project Title: Effects of Novel Wheat Bran and Extracts to Improve Cholesterol Metabolism, Diabetes Control
and Gut Health Using Animal Models
PI: Taylor, Carla, Harold Aukema, Scott Harding, Peter Jones, and Harry Sapirstein; Co-PI: Denis O. Krause;
Project Description: As above; Funding Source(s): Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; Total Funding Amount:
$297,271; Duration: 2008 – 2012
Project Title: Empowering vulnerable adolescent girls to improve their access to education and health
PI: Dr. Stephen Moses Co-PIs: Ms. P. Bhattacharjee, Mr. H.L. Mohan, Dr. S. Isac
Project Description: HIV prevalence in three northern districts of Karnataka (Belgaum, Bagalkot and Bijapur) is
higher than 1% in the general population, and from 15-35% among female sex workers (FSWs). In these
districts, of over 22,000 registered FSWs, 49% are Devadasis. Devadasi are traditional sex workers, who initiate
sex work early (15-18 years), are largely illiterate (66%) and often entertain more than 10 clients per week.
Young FSWs have the highest level of HIV and STI prevalence. Although the Devadasi system is banned by law,
young girls from specific communities (“backward” castes) often enter sex work, either through religious initiation
or by virtue of being the daughters of Devadasis. Adolescent girls from the Devadasis community usually drop
out of school early, and have limited access to health services. Early initiation into sex work makes them
particularly vulnerable to HIV infection. Cultural acceptance of the Devadasis practice, economic imperatives
within poor families, and lack of other role models within the community, all contribute to the Devadasis practice
and to the vulnerability of young girls. This action cum research project aims to reduce the marginalization and
vulnerability of young girls, and enabling them to make safe choices, including prevent HIV and other
reproductive health problems. The achievement of results will be carefully monitored and the effectiveness of the
intervention assessed. Funding Source(s): World Bank; Total Funding Amount: $ 49,775 USD; Duration: July 11,
2011 – October 31, 2012
Project Title: “Engaging First Nations Women in Cervical Cancer Screening: Assessing Factors Related to
Screening and Uptake of Self-Sampling”
PI: Ingeborg Zehbe; Co-PI: Julian Little, Marion Maar, Alberto Severini; Collaborators: Ann Brchell, Gina Ogilvie
Project Description: Introduction of vaginal self-sampling as an alternative to pap cytology for screening of
cervical cancer in First Nation community in Northwest Ontario. The uptake of self-sampling and its acceptability
in the cultural context of tehse communities will be evaluated; Funding Source(s): CIHR; Total Funding Amount:
$595,000; Duration: 2011-2014
Project Title: Enhance Karnataka: integrated HIV/AIDS prevention and care in India
PI: Stephen Moses; Co-PI: James Blanchard, Vandana Gurnani, Reynold Washington; Collaborators:
EngenderHealth, PSI, St. John’s Medical College, Swasti, Karnataka Health Promotion Trust;
Project Description: This project expands the University of Manitoba’s work in India through additional HIV
prevention work in Karnataka, as well as through development of a large HIV/AIDS-related care and support
program in Karnataka and in the neighbouring state of Andhra Pradesh. The project’s overall goal is to develop a
comprehensive program that provides HIV/AIDS prevention, care, support and treatment to vulnerable and
affected populations in 12 high prevalence districts in Karnataka and in five coastal districts in Andhra Pradesh.
To achieve this goal, four components will be implemented: HIV prevention among high-risk groups in rural
areas; HIV prevention for vulnerable general populations in rural areas; community-based care, support and
treatment; and capacity building and systems strengthening. This project will complement the University’s
existing prevention programs in India, will significantly expand its work in the care and support field, and most
importantly, will provide needed care and support programs and services to the most vulnerable HIV positive
individuals. The University of Manitoba is the principal recipient of the grant and is responsible for overall
management and design of the project. EngenderHealth, Population Services International, St. John’s Medical
College and Swasti will provide technical and capacity building support. The Karnataka Health Promotion Trust
(KHPT) will be responsible for overall coordination, management, contracting, monitoring and evaluation of
programs and services. For field level implementation, KHPT will work with a group of institutions and NGOs that
are already part of its network of implementing partners. Funding Source(s): United States Agency for
International Development; Total Funding Amount: USD $22 million; Duration: October 1, 2006 – March 31,
2012.
Project Title: Enhancing the impact of HIV prevention programs for the most at-risk populations in Kenya
PI: Dr. James Blanchard; Co-PIs: Dr. Stephen Moses, Dr. Larry Gelmon, Dr. Joshua Kimani, Dr. B.M. Ramesh
Project Description: The purpose of this project is to support the government of Kenya to design and implement
effective and efficient models for delivering HIV prevention programs for the most at-risk populations. Funding
Source: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; Funding Amount: USD $4.9 million; Duration: 2011-2014.
Project Title: Equity in health: improving reproductive health for sex workers in Benin
PI: Michel Alary; Co-PI: Lisa Avery
Project Description: Using a mixed methods approach this project will identify current reproductive health gaps in
existing sex worker programs in Benin. Results will then be used to improve program design and delivery and
influence policy makers through knowledge translation of key learning’s.
Funding Source(s): CIHR; Total Funding Amount: 1.8 million CAD; Duration: Sept 2011- Sept 2016
Project Title: Ertapenem PKPD versus ESBL E. coli
PI: George Zhanel
Project Description: As above; Funding Source(s): Merck; Total Funding Amount: 50,000; Duration: 2011-2012
Project Title: Etiology of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Gene & Environment Interactions
PI: Barkema, H. W., Krause, D. O.
Project Description: This is a large network grant that will develop a population cohort (approximately 700) and
then assesses the impacts of genetic predisposition, environmental variables, and microbial causes of IBD. It is
divided into Tier I (microbial surveillance of biopsy tissue), and Tier II (tissue culture and animal model studies
with adherent invasive E. coli and Mycobacterium paratuberculosis). In both Tiers of the study various individuals
are responsible for recruitment, clinical assessment, epidemiology, endoscopy, immunology, and microbiology.
Funding Source(s): Alberta Heritage Foundation for Medical Research; Total Funding Amount: $5 million;
Duration: 2008-2013
Project Title: Evaluation of ATP Methods for Assessing Cleaning of Flexible Endoscopes (simulated-use study)
PI: Dr. Michelle Alfa
Project Description: Assess application of rapid ATP monitoring to determine cleaning efficacy of flexible
endoscopes: clinical study; Funding Source(s): 3M; Total Funding Amount: $63,035.00; Duration: March 2012December 2012
Project Title: Evaluation of the HANS Project: A Community Approach to Improving Health and Wellbeing
PI: L. Elliott, Co-Principal Investigator with A. Henteleff; Co-PI: H. Wall
Project Description: as above; Funding Source(s): Public Health Agency of Canada; otal Funding Amount:
$32,725; Duration: 2011-2012
Project Title: Evaluation of protective immunity after mucosal vaccination against Ebola virus
Co-PI: Dr. Gary Kobinger;
Project Description: As above; Funding Source(s): National Institute of Health (NIAID for Biodefense). Total
Funding Amount: $2,666,797 USD; Duration: 2008-2013
Project Title: Expansion of molecular typing to support food traceback investigations and active surveillance
systems
PI: Celine Nadon; Co-PI: Matthew Gilmour;
Project Description: Capacity for molecular subtyping is necessary for enhancing real-time surveillance for enteric
bacterial diseases in Canada. Recent trends like the E.coli outbreaks in spinach and lettuce demonstrate the
increasing importance of illnesses caused by foodborne pathogens that are not included in current surveillance
programs. These recent outbreaks have also highlighted a decreasing utility for current subtyping methods for
some bacterial pathogens. Additionally, the burden of illness of some enteric bacterial pathogens (e.g.
Salmonella) has been so large that not all cases are characterized by appropriate methods in real-time, limiting
any linkages that may be made with food products. Specific activities include: optimization, validation and
implementation of new methods to characterize important foodborne bacterial pathogens. Special focus will be
given to “next-generation” methods (e.g. multi-locus, variable number of tandem repeats analysis) for molecular
characterization of certain pathogens for which current methods have limited utility, including prevalent serotypes
of Salmonella (e.g., Enteritidis, Typhimurium, Heidelberg). Additionally, research will be conducted on the
development of methods for foodborne pathogens not currently captured by laboratory surveillance (non-O157
VTEC). New methods will be applied in parallel to existing PulseNet standardized methods to verify correlation at
points along the food safety continuum (farm environment, animal, food production and processing, human
illness). Funding Source(s): Memorandum to Cabinet: Food Safety and Consumer Action Plan; Total Funding
Amount: $1,212,000; Duration: 2008-2013
Project Title: Exploring the role of established and non-traditional risk factors on diabetes and cardiovascular
disease among a Manitoba First Nations Population
PI: S. Bruce; Co-PI: Lawrence Elliott
Project Description: as above; Funding Source(s): CIHR/MHRC; Total Funding Amount: $524,184; Duration:
2011-2013
Project Title: Evaluation of adherence to HIV medications in Saskatoon
PI: Skinner S
Project Description: as above; Funding Source(s): Royal University Hospital Foundation; Total Funding Amount:
$25,000; Duration: March 2012
Project Title: Evaluation of aminoglycoside-peptides
Co-PI: George Zhanel
Project Description: As above; Funding Source(s): CIHR-POP; Total Funding Amount: 150,000; Duration: 20112012
Project Title: Functional Host Genomics of Virus-Infected Cells
PI: Kevin M. Coombs; Collaborators: Andrew Halayko (Physiology); Oleg Krokhin (Medicine); Darwyn Kobasa
(Medical Microbiology); Sam Kung (Immunology); John Wilkins (Medicine);
Project Description: The development of interfering RNA (RNAi; siRNA; shRNA) strategies has allowed functional
screening of the importance of various genes by knocking down (or out) the gene of interest and then examining
subsequent effects. Microarray technologies have identified large numbers of host genes that are affected during
viral infections and we have been undertaking proteomic analyses (detailed in earlier projects) to identify and
measure similar effects on host proteins after various human cells are infected with either reovirus or influenza
virus. For this project, we are taking advantage of our access to a unique (in Canada) shRNA Library that targets
each gene in the entire human genomic repertoire. Populations of cells are transduced with each shRNA, then
infected with each virus. Cells that survive are recovered and analyzed to identify host genes that are dispensable
to the host but required by the virus for efficient replication. This is expected to provide not only a wealth of basic
information about virus-host interactions, but may also contribute to anti-viral strategies. Funding Source(s):
Dean of Medicine Strategic Fund (for the Libraries); CIHR (for reovirus research); Total Funding Amount: Dean of
Medicine: $425,000; CIHR: $717,535; Duration: Dean of Medicine: 2006-07; CIHR: 2008-13
Project Title: Global HIV prevention program science technical support and knowledge management
PI: Dr. James Blanchard; Co-PIs: Dr. Stephen Moses, Dr. M. Becker, Dr. R. Lorway, Dr. F. Emmanuel, Dr. B.M.
Ramesh, Ms. P. Bhattacharjee, Ms. A. Momah, Dr. S. Mishra, Dr. S. Isac, Ms. L. Thompson
Project Description: The purpose of this project is to elaborate the Program Science framework through the
development and translation of knowledge and experience. There are five components:
1) Learning site development. These sites will be developed in conjunction with existing interventions in
Pakistan, Kenya, Nigeria, an d one additional country in Asia. In addition, a Program Science hub will be
established in India as a learning site.
2) Sex worker epidemic appraisal in Kenya. This component will focus on conducting a rapid appraisal of
the size and distribution of female sex workers in key locations across Kenya.
3) HIV prevention policy briefs in Nigeria. This component will entail developing policy briefs as guiding
documents on HIV prevention for each state in Nigeria.
4) Support for HIV prevention programming for most-at-risk populations (MARPs) in Nigeria. This
component will comprise technical support to improve HIV prevention programming for MARPs in three
states of Nigeria.\
5) Knowledge translation on program science. Over a period of 30 months, five global program science
knowledge sharing events will be organized. To the extent possible, they will be held in conjunction with
other global meetings to generate interest and to economize on cost.
Funding Source: World Bank; Funding Amount: USD $2.2 million; Duration: 2011-2013.
Project Title: Health Research Enhancing Existing Capacity in Applied Health Services and Policy Research in
Western Canada.
PI: Sheps S, Backman A, Barer M, Casebeer A, Doupe M, Kelly K, Lix L, Marchildon G, Martens PJ
Co-PI: Andrusiek D, Berg S, Black C, D'Arcy C, DeCoster C, Dionne F, Dobson R, Elliott L, Forget E, Ghali W,
Grunau G, Hadjistavropoulos H, Hemmelgarn B, Horsburgh M, Jette N, Lepnurm R, Macdonald S, Marshall D,
Menon D, Moffatt M, Morgan S, Noseworthy, T, Poole B, Roos, LL, Roos N, Thorne S, Voaklander D, White D.
Project Description: As above; Funding Source(s): CIHR Strategic Training Initiative in Health Research; Total
Funding Amount: $1,790,000; Duration: 2009 – 2015
Project Title: Henipavirus reverse genetics and Pathogenesis
PI: Darwyn Kobasa; Collaborators: Dr. Steven Theriault
Project Description: Establish reverse genetics systems for Hendra and Nipah viruses and establish small animal
models of pathogenesis for each virus. Funding Source(s): PHAC; Total Funding Amount: A-base operating funds
Duration: On-going
Project Title: High-throughput genomics for public health molecular epidemiology
PI: Matthew W. Gilmour; Collaborators: Gary Van Domselaar (Manitoba), Morag Graham (Manitoba), Celine
Nadon (Manitoba), Vanessa Allen (Ontario), Judith Isaac-Renton (BCCDC), Linda Chui (Alberta);
Project Description: The Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) and the provincial microbiology laboratories lead
the monitoring, assessment, investigation and response to foodborne and waterborne infectious diseases. Pulsedfield gel electrophoresis (PFGE) is the current gold standard laboratory method used to aid epidemiologic
investigations of bacterial pathogens, and several other typing methods such as multi-locus sequence typing
(MLST) that similarly sample only a very small proportion of the total genetic content are also available for some
pathogens. These low-resolution methods do not always provide sufficient molecular evidence to identify disease
clusters or the causative agent of disease (including food, water or agricultural sources). Emerging laboratory
tools used to study outbreak-associated pathogens include whole-genome sequencing. In this context, wholegenome sequencing represents the ultimate epidemiological typing method - a universally-applicable, highlydetailed typing platform capable of providing the entire genetic blueprint of a pathogen and distinguishing strains
to the single nucleotide level. Whereas in the past, whole-genome sequencing was time consuming and costly to
perform, recent technological improvements have made it feasible to perform the method during public health
events. Funding Source: Federal MC; Total Funding Amount: $1.6M; Duration 2009-2012
Project Title: HIV prevention in vulnerable populations: Addressing complexity in program design and
implementation
PI: James Blanchard
Project Description: We propose to translate knowledge from two research studies and key programmatic insights
from a large “program science” platform in India focusing on HIV prevention among female sex workers (FSWs)
and men who have sex with men (MSM) in India. Funding Source(s): CIHR Meeting & Dissemination Grant; Total
Funding Amount: $ 100,000 CAD; Duration: March 15, 2011 – January 31, 2012
Project Title: HIV Vaccine Trial network Mucosal Immunology Group
PI: Blake Ball
Project Description: Cervicovaginal specimen collection for evaluation of mucosal immune responses
Standardizing techniques for immunologic studies of the female genital tract; Funding Source(s): National
Institutes of Health (NIH) – Sub-contract; Total Funding Amount: $39,971 (yr1); Duration: 04/2011 – 03/2012
Project Title: HIV Vaccine Trial network Mucosal Immunology Group
PI: Blake Ball
Project Description: Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Mucosal Samples from the Female Genital Tract
Using Proteomic approaches to understand the biology of the female genital tract; Funding Source(s): National
Institutes of Health (NIH)- Sub-Contract; Total Funding Amount: $124,200 (yr1); Duration: 04/2011 – 03/2012
Project Title: Host defense against chlamydial lung infection: Interation between natural killer T cell (NKT) and
dendritic cell (DC) subsets.
PI: Xi Yang
Project description: This study focused on the modulating effect NKT on the function of DC to direct adaptive T
cell responses against chlamydial lung infection. Funding Source: CIHR/MHRC: Total amount: $228,708;
Duration: 2009-2012
Project Title: Host innate immune responses in gential tract Chlamydia infection
PI: Xi Yang; Co-PI: Weiming Zhao
Project description: This project was funded by a China-Canada (CIHR) health research initiative. This initiative
funds joint projects by researchers in Canada and China. The proposal was reviewed in China and Canada and
the funding agencies from respective countries funded the lab in their own country. This project investigates the
role of innate immune cell such as NK, NKT and DC in host defense against chlamydial infections especially those
through the genital tract route. Funding Source: CIHR; Total amount: $150,000; Duration: 2009-2012
Project Title: Housing Renewal to Improve the Health of First Nations Residents.
PI: Dr. Dimos Polyzois; Co-PI: Dr. P. Orr, L. Larcombe, J. Wells
Project Description: As above; Funding Source(s): National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of
Canada (NSERC); Total Funding Amount: $475,050; Duration: over 3 years awarded, March 2011
Project Title: A Human Study on The Genetic, Environmental and Microbial Interactions that Cause IBD. The
Michael J. Howorth IBD GEM Project
PI: Croitoru, K., Denis O. Krause, et al ;
Project Description: As above; Funding Source(s): Crohn's and Colitis Foundation of Canada ;Total Funding
Amount: $5,500,000; Duration: 2007 – 2013
Project Title: IBBA surveys to evaluate the Avahan program
PI: Dr. Stephen Moses
Project Description: To complete the second and third round of the integrated behavioral and biological
assessment (IBBA) in Karnataka. Funding Source(s): FHI; Total Funding Amount: $ 302,588 USD; Duration:
February 1, 2011 – June 30, 2012
Project Title: Identification of biomarkers for the diagnosis of Cholangiocarcinoma in Primary Sclerosing
Cholangitis using the tools of proteomics: a pilot study
PI’s: Dr. Dana Moffatt, Dr. Adam Burgener Co-PI: Dr. Ali Taghavi
Project Description: Primary sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic disease, eventually leading to cirrhosis, liver
failure, and is a significant risk factor for Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Diagnosis of CCA in PSC is difficult given the
lack of sensitive or specific serum markers, imaging studies and even cytology samples. The end result is an
unacceptably high mortality rate in PSC patients who develop CCA. It s therefore seems logical to search for
novel bio-markers for CCA. Our study sets out to use proteomic analysis of bile samples to look for new
biomarkers for CCA in patients with PSC. Funding: None, Duration: March 2012 – 2013
Project Title: “Identification and Characterization of Immunologically Relevant T cell Epitopes of HIV-1” –
Utilising bioinformatics approaches to identify and characterize immunologically relevant HIV-1 T cell epitopes.
PI: F. Plummer; Co-Investigator: Blake Ball, Ma Luo
Project Description: Project Description: Current HIV vaccine strategies utilize one or several proteins as
immunogens. Studies showed that such strategies might not be the best approach because the epitopes are not
equal in inducing protective immune responses and some might increase the susceptibility to HIV-1 infection.
Therefore, the components to be included in the vaccines should be selective. Since HIV depends on host to
survival, the interactions between virus and the host immune system can provide a clue to which immunigenes
should be included in an HIV vaccine candidate. The error prone reverse transcriptase of HIV-1 generates a
diversity of variants called quasispecies. Host T cell responses influence and select viral mutations. The viral
variants escaping host immune responses have been defined as positively selected (PS) mutations. The effect of
PS mutations are not equal, some PS mutations allow the virus to survive at a fitness cost. Identification and
study of these PS mutations may locate regions of the viral genome that could potentially be included in vaccine
candidates. Human Leukocyte antigens (HLA) are a group of proteins responsible for detecting infectious
pathogens. PS mutations reflect viral escape from host immune responses in the context of HLA restricted CD8+
T cell responses. Identifying epitopes by correlating PS mutations in HIV-1 with specific host HLA alleles has
certain advantages. The epitopes identified are immunologically relevant due to the fact that they are under
immune pressure. However, the specific epitopes within these regions must be confirmed and characterized by
direct biological assays. Our pilot study showed that characterizing the HIV epitopes under host selection can
provide critical insight in identifying vulnerable regions of the virus and the targets for candidate vaccines. The
study will identify and characterize the immunologically relevant HIV epitopes that can be included in a T cell
based vaccine. Funding Source(s): CIHR; Total Funding Amount: 358,392.00; Duration: 2010-2013
Project Title: Immune Control of Viral Infections: Letting Nature Direct Vaccine Design
PI: Keith R. Fowke; Project Description: understanding the role of the immune response in preventing or
controlling viral infections. Funding Source(s): MHRC: Manitoba Research Chair Salary Award Program; Total
Funding Amount: $500,000; Duration: 09/2008-/08/2013
Project Title: Impact assessment of HIV prevention programming in Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka: The
CHARME II Project
PI: Dr. Stephen Moses; Co-PI: Dr. J. Blanchard
Project Description: The goal of the CHARME-India II project is to assess HIV transmission dynamics and the
collective impact of all HIV prevention programming in Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka, and enhance relevant
analytical capacity within India. Funding Source: The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; Funding Amount: USD
$526,000; Duration: 2010-2014.
Project Title: Impact of common environmental chemicals on the allergy asthma epidemic
PI: Becker A (HayGlass K)
Funding Source(s): CIHR/NSERC collaboration; Total Funding Amount: $616,000 over 3 years (2010-2012)
Project Title: The Impact of Comorbidity and Secular Time on Hospitalizations and Mortality in MS
PI: Marrie RACo-PI: Yu BN, Leung S, Elliott L, Warren S, Wolfson C, Tremlett H, Blanchard J., Fisk JD.
Project Description: Validated administrative data case definitions for MS are used to estimate the impacts of
comorbidity and secular time on hospitalizations and mortality in MS patients in Manitoba
Funding Source(s): MS Society of Canada; Total Funding Amount: $155,599; Duration: 2011-2014
Project Title: Impact of low abundant HIV drug resistant variants on antiretroviral treatment failure.
PI: Binhua Liang; Collaborators: Hezhao Ji, Songok Elijah, and Gary Van Domselaar;
Project Description: This project proposes to investigate the contribution of transmitted LADRVs to ART-treatment
failure in children. The blood samples will be taken from 35 HIV infected children who have developed HIV drug
resistance. HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase and Protease region will be amplified and sequenced for HIV-1 DR
mutations using both the Sanger Sequencing and UDPS methods. Applying in-house developed Perl scripts,
nucleotide and amino acid variants and their abundances will first be determined. Then, the differences of the
results from each platform will be assessed. HIV-1 DR mutations will be identified as per the IAS-USA HIV DR
mutation list and the prevalence of polymorphisms and HIV-1 DR mutations in Reverse Transcriptase and
Protease region of HIV-1 will be identified and compared. Funding Source(s): The Dr. Paul H.T. Thorlakson
Foundation Fund Operating Grant; Total Funding Amount: $28,201.000; Duration: 2011-2012
Project Title: Improving the Regulatory Oversight of Diagnostics in the Developing World
PI: Rosanna Peeling; Collaborators: national regulatory authorities
Project Description: Regulatory approval for in-vitro diagnostics (IVD) in the developing world is a highly variable
process. Many countries do not regulate IVDs for infectious diseases. As a result, diagnostic tests are often sold
and used without any formal evaluation of their safety and effectiveness. Access to good quality diagnostics in
these countries is problematic as companies with good quality tests are often unable or reluctant to compete in a
market that is flooded with cheap, poor quality tests. In countries where there is regulatory oversight, the
approval process is often costly, lengthy and lacks transparency. It is seen as a major barrier to innovation and
access. The purpose of this project is to assess the regulatory landscape and define a set of regulatory standards
and a critical pathway to be applied within a consistent and transparent model framework to streamline and
harmonize regulatory approval processes for point-of-care (POC) diagnostics run on common platforms or
devices. Funding Source(s): Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF) and Grand Challenges Canada (GCC)
Total Funding Amount: BMGF: US$ 380,880; GCC: 497,183; Duration: October 2011-Dec 2012
Project Title: Increasing Access to Quality Comprehensive HIV Prevention Services for Most at Risk Populations
in Kenya
PI: Lawrence Gelmon; Co-PI: Joshua Kimani; Collaborators: Univ. Nairobi
Project Description: The purpose of this program is to provide continued support to the implementation and
scale-up of a combination of evidence-based, cost-effective HIV prevention interventions for most at risk
populations (MARPS) in Nairobi, Kenya. The overall goal is to help reduce the number of new HIV infections in
these populations, those in their sexual networks, and the people with whom they come in contact. The group
will also endeavour to provide technical support to improve health systems, the quality of HIV prevention
interventions, develop quality assurance systems, and share experience, training, and lessons learned with the
Government of Kenya agencies supporting combination HIV prevention services for MARPS.
Funding Source(s): Centres for Disease Control – PEPFAR; Total Funding Amount: $US 1.9 MILLION (Year one
only – project $3.7 million in year 2); Duration: 04/2011 – 03/2016.
Project Title: India learning network: Disseminating learnings from India and Avahan
PI: Dr. Stephen Moses; Co-PI: Mr. Senthil Murugan, Ms. Parinita Bhattacharjee
Project Description: To influence global HIV prevention practice by disseminating widely the approaches and
learnings from scaled HIV prevention interventions in India. Funding Source(s): Family Health International
Total Funding Amount: $ 1,150,000 USD; Duration: December 15, 2011 – September 30, 2014
Project Title: Integrated Infectious Disease Capacity Building
PI: Weaver, Marcia (Accordia Foundation); Co-PI: Kinoti, Stephen and Sarah Nabola, Allan Ronald
Project Description: Mid-level practitioners training in rural health centres in Nairobi; Fund Source(s): Bill and
Melinda Gates Foundation; Total Funding Amount: $3.5 million; Duration: 2011-2012
Project Title: Interaction of hepatitis B viral proteins with proteins in JAK-STAT pathway and their molecular
consequences.
PI: Runtao He
Project Description: We have found that some hepatitis B proteins interact with steroid receptor coactivators and
influence the signal transduction and transcriptional activation of nuclear receptors.
Funding Source(s): NML funding; Total Funding Amount: 50k; Duration: 2011-2012
Project Title: International Infectious Disease and Global Health Training Program: Four Continents, One Shared
Experience
PI: K. Fowke; Co-PIs F. Plummer, J. Wylie, S. Moses, J. Blanchard, L. Elliott, M Becker;
Project Description: Project Description: The objective of this research project is to support advanced trainees
(PhD students, postdoctoral fellows and clinical fellows) from all four of CIHR’s pillars of research (basic, clinical,
epidemiology and social sciences).The Program includes four major research centres (Nairobi, Medellin,
Bangalore, Manitoba).with 3 major research foci (HIV, emerging infections and global health) and 4 themes
(Aboriginal health, ethics, knowledge translation and professional development). Funding Source(s): Canadian
Institutes of Health Research; Total Funding Amount: $325,000 per year; Duration: 2009-2015
Project Title: Investigation and Development of Improved Methods for Assigning Operational Taxonomic Units
from Metagenomics Experiments
PI: Van Domselaar, G
Project Description: as above; Funding Source(s): internally funded; Duration: ongoing
Project Title: Investigation of functional role of HIV-1 integrase in viral nuclear import and integration.
PI: Xiaojian Yao (PI)
Project Description: As above; Funding Source(s): Canadian Foundation for AIDS Research; Total Funding
Amount: Total $160,000; Duration: 09/2011-08/2013
Project Title: In vitro Activity of Ceftolozane/Tazobactam 2012
PI: Dr. G.G. Zhanel; Co-PI: Dr. D.J. Hoban
Project Description: In vitro activity against 952 P. aeruginosa clinical isolates including piperacillin/tazobactam,
ceftazidime, cefepime, aztreonam, meropenem, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin or colistin resistant as well as multidrug resistant strains obtained from Canadian hospitals
Funding Source(s): Pharmaceutical industry; Total Funding Amount: $37,560; Duration: 10 months (March 2012
– December 31, 2012)
Project Title: The Kenya AIDS Vaccine Initiative (KAVI): A Centre of Excellence for HIV Vaccine/Prevention
Trials in East Africa.
PI: Omu Anzala; Co-PI: K. Fowke, R Kaul; Collaborators: M Becker, TB Ball, S Moses
Project Description: The Kenya AIDS Vaccine Initiative (KAVI) was founded ten years ago and has completed or is
performing five phase 1 HIV vaccine clinical trials. While it serves as a unique resource in this regard, we lack the
capacity to take forward clinical studies that are a priority for our region, but that are not funded by our
international donors. Therefore, the time has come to broaden our mandate and to build the capacity to take
forward independent clinical research. Our overarching goal is to establish KAVI as a Centre of Excellence for the
performance of HIV vaccine and other prevention trials in East Africa. To this end we propose a wide-ranging,
collaborative training programme that will build on productive and long-standing research collaborations with the
Universities of Toronto and Manitoba. Specifically, we have designed a programme with five main foci: (1)
building local clinical trial expertise and capacity; (2) improving local immune monitoring expertise and capacity;
(3) forging strong community ties and KTE capacity; (4) building institutional capacity including within local
research ethics boards, administrators and policy makers; and (5) establishing the means for KAVI to sustain
itself as a Centre of Excellence in the long term. Funding Source(s): Global Health Research Initiative,
International Development and Research Canada (IDRC); Total Funding Amount: $ 1,710,140. Duration: June
2010-May 2014
Project Title: Long Term Follow-up of Chronic Hepatitis B in Northern Canada
PI: Dr. Gerald Minuk; Co-PI: Carla Osiowy; Collaborators: Julia Uhanova (University of Manitoba)
Project Description: Background: Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a common liver disease that can
progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in as many as 20-50% of cases. In Canada, the highest
prevalence of chronic HBV is in the country’s North where carrier rates are 10-20X those of Southern Canada.
The long term outcome of chronic HBV in a Canadian (or North American) population has yet to be documented.
With the development of sensitive, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based testing, a new population of HBV
infected individuals has been identified in whom standard diagnostic tests for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)
are negative. Limited epidemiologic data suggest the prevalence of this “occult” form of HBV is equal to or
greater than HBsAg positive chronic hepatitis B. Whether occult HBV also progresses to cirrhosis and/or HCC has
yet to be determined. Principal Objective: To calculate the odds ratios for liver-related morbidity and mortality in
community-based Canadians with HBsAg positive and occult chronic HBV. Methods: From 1983-85, 14,198 sera
were obtained from the inhabitants of 51 communities in the then Northwest Territories, representing 60% of the
total population. Approximately 60% of these subjects were Inuit, 20% Dene (First Nations) and 20% largely
Caucasian. Participants in this original study will form the basis for the proposed follow-up study.
A non-concurrent population-based prospective cohort study design will be employed. Previously diagnosed
HBsAg positive and to be identified cases of occult HBV in the Fort Smith region of the Canadian North will
undergo clinical, biochemical and radiologic assessments of their liver to document the presence of chronic
hepatitis, cirrhosis and/or HCC. Aliquots of blood will also be obtained for HBV-DNA levels, genotyping and
disease-related viral genomic mutations. For those unable to attend clinical assessments, medical charts and vital
statistics data will be reviewed for evidence of liver-related morbidity and mortality. Preliminary Data: Preliminary
testing has been performed on 277 HBsAg positive samples from the original serum bank. A non-Asian genotype
B (B6) was the most prevalent (76%) genotype followed by D (23%) and A (1%). In the Fort Smith region, of 55
HBsAg positive samples tested all were genotype D (91% D3 and 9% D4). The mean viral load was 4.9 log 1µ/ml
(range: 2.4-9.1). The prevalence of occult HBV has also been documented in two Northern communities of
approximately 500-1,000 inhabitants. Rates of 4% and 10% were identified. In November 2010, a feasibility
study was undertaken in a Fort Smith community to determine the response of occult HBV carriers to submit to
clinical assessments and additional testing. Of the 27 occult HBV subjects identified, 14 now reside elsewhere, 3
were deceased and 2 chose not to participate. Of the remaining 9 individuals, all appeared for their
appointments and underwent clinical, biochemical and radiologic testing. In total, 22/27 (82%) charts were
located and available for review. Relevance: In addition to increasing the awareness of Canadians to the
prevalence and clinical importance of chronic HBsAg positive infections, the results of this study will provide much
needed data regarding the long-term implications and possible need for treatment of occult HBV.
Funding Source(s): Public Health Agency of Canada and Gilead; Total Funding Amount: Gilead – total $40,103/yr
Duration: 2011-2014.
Project Title: Mechanistic study of role of DC subsets in infection-mediated inhibition of allergy/asthma
PI: Xi Yang
Project description: This study investigate the role of DCs particularly the local and systemic DC subsets which
have been influenced by previous infection on in modulating the allergic responses to newly exposed
experimental and natural allergens in mouse models.
Funding Source: MICH;
Total amount: $40,000
Duration: 2011- 2013.
Project Title: Meeting Critical Health Care Needs and Nutritional Needs to Improve Maternal, Neonatal and Child
health in Vulnerable African Populations
PI: James Blanchard; Co-PI: Lisa Avery, Maryanne Crockett; Collaborators: Marissa Becker, Joyce Slater, Joan
Barkman
Project Description: Project Description: The proposed project utilizes existing health and nutrition infrastructure
and human resources in the Taita and Taveta Cost Region of Kenya as the platform for strengthening linkages
between maternal, newborn and child health and nutrition. Assessment activities will focus on learning what key
knowledge, availability, accessibility and utilization gaps currently exist in delivery, uptake and coverage of MNCH
and nutrition services at both community and facility level. An integral part of these assessments will be the
inclusion of gender differences (if present), cultural practices, beliefs and behaviours. This information will then
be incorporated with evidence based MNCH and nutrition interventions to design more effective programs that
deliver critical packages of MNCH and nutrition interventions, with a focus on equity; Funding Source(s):
Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA); Total Funding Amount: $2,200,000; Duration: Feb 17, 2012
– April 30, 2015
Project Title: Michael Smith Prize in Health Research
PI: Dr. F.A. Plummer; Funding Source(s): CIHR; Total Funding Amount: $100,000 CAD
Duration: July 1, 2007 – June 30, 2012
Project Title: MicroRNA profiles in thyroid follicular neoplasia
PI: Dr. A. Pathak; Co-PI: Dr. T. Klonisch
Project Description: As above; Funding Source(s): Surgery Research Fund, University of Manitoba, Total Funding
Amount: $15,000. Duration funded: 2011-2012
Project Title: A mixed method evaluation of the impact of the Dr. Peter Centre on health care access and
outcomes for persons living with HIV/AIDS who use illicit drugs
PI: Hogg R and Baltzer R (lead researchers); Collaborators: Skinner S (Decision Maker)
Project Description: As above; Funding Source(s): Canadian Institutes of Health Research’s Partnerships for
Health Systems Improvement (CIHR-PHSI); Total Funding Amount: $300,000; Duration: 2012
Project Title: Molecular Oral Microbiology Laboratory for Cell-cell Interaction and Antimicrobial Research
PI: Kangmin Duan
Project Description: As above; Funding Source(s): Canada Foundation of Innovation (CFI) and Manitoba Research
and Innovation Fund (MRIF);Total Funding Amount: $691,908; Duration: 2011-2012
Project Title: Monitoring and evaluation of the Avahan project in India : impact assessment and cost-
effectiveness analyses using enhanced surveillance methods and mathematical modeling of HIV transmission
dynamics
PI: Dr. Stephen Moses; Co-PIs: Dr. James Blanchard, Dr. B.M. Ramesh, Dr. Reynold Washington
Project Description: This project uses mathematical modeling techniques in combination with collection of
enhanced serial cross-sectional behavioural and STI/HIV prevalence data, to investigate HIV transmission
dynamics among and between core, bridge and general population groups, in four states in south India. We are
attempting to understand the effects of, and to estimate HIV cases averted by, various HIV preventive
interventions, and to construct future scenarios for the HIV epidemic in India. We are also collecting additional
data in five selected sites, to validate sexual behaviour and intervention coverage data, and are conducting
general population surveys in four sites. This additional data will be used in modeling and other impact evaluation
analyses. We are also conducting cost and cost-effectiveness analyses of interventions.
Funding Source: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; Funding Amount: USD $2.3 million; Duration: 2004-2012.
Project Title: Mother-Child HIV Transmission and Pediatric AIDS in Nairobi Kenya
CO-PIs: Drs L Gelmon, J Kimani, J Embree, F Plummer, B Ball
Project Description: This is a long standing cohort study conducted with the University of Nairobi in Nairobi,
Kenya. The goal is to determine epidemiologic, immunologic, and virologic factors that enhance or protect against
maternal transmission of HIV from an infected mother to her child. Maternal-infants pairs were enrolled into the
cohort from January 1986 through August 2000 and followed prospectively. Both HIV seropositive and
seronegative mother-infant pairs were enrolled. Infants born to seropositive mothers were followed to determine
whether they acquired HIV from their mother perinatally or through breast milk or whether they escaped
infection. Until recently, antiretroviral agents for the prevention of perinatal HIV transmission or for the treatment
of HIV/AIDS were not available or accessible. This situation is being rectified and the study is being modified to
address the issues related to the implementation of preventive and therapeutic interventions in this setting.
Duration: 1986 and ongoing; Funding: Previously EEC, CHRF, NIH, IDRC, NHRDP, MRC, and CIHR grants;
PEPFAR
Project Title: Multivalent Filovirus Vaccine for Pre- and Post-Exposure Application
PI: Feldmann; Collaborators: Geisbert, UTMB, Galveston, United States
Project Description: Ebola virus (EBOV) and Marburg virus (MARV) are filamentous enveloped non-segmented
negative sense RNA viruses in the family Filoviridae. The Marburgvirus genus contains a single species, Lake
Victoria marburgvirus (LVMARV), while the Ebolavirus genus is comprised of five species: Sudan (SEBOV), Zaire
(ZEBOV), Cote d’Ivoire (CIEBOV), Bundibugyo (BEBOV) and Reston ebolavirus (REBOV). Filoviruses are important
human pathogens with case fatality rates ranging from 23-90%. They are classified as Category A Priority
Pathogens by the NIAID/NIH and CDC. There are presently no approved active or passive interventions for
exposure resulting from natural outbreak, laboratory accident, or deliberate misuse. Public health concern is
based on both the emerging infectious disease status of filoviruses and their potential use as biologic weapons.
An effective prophylactic vaccine would find application with medical personnel and close contacts during
outbreaks, with laboratory workers, and with military and civilian personnel threatened by weaponized filoviruses.
The ideal vaccine to meet both the outbreak and bio-weapon scenarios would rapidly confer protection against all
filovirus species with a single administration. Here we propose to validate two attenuated multivalent vaccine
candidates based on recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV) for pre- and post-exposure application in two
relevant animal models (FDA ‘Two Animal Rule’). Funding Source(s): Human Health Services; Total Funding
Amount: US $ 490,000; Duration: 2012-2013
Project Title: National S. pneumoniae serotyping-SAVE I/II
PI: George Zhanel
Project Description: Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotyping and Antimicrobial Susceptibility: Assessment for
Vaccine Efficacy in Canada After the Introduction of PCV-13; Funding Source(s) Pfizer, Total Funding Amount:
$325,000, Duration 2011-2012
Project Title: Natural killer cells collaborative study
PI:. O Mandelboim; Co-PI: Plummer, F
Project Description: In 2009, Dr. Plummer began an exciting collaboration with Dr. Ofer Mandelboim and his team
at the Hadassah Hospital in Ein Kerem, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in Jerusalem, Israel. Under the
direction of Dr. Adrienne Meyers, the two groups are investigating the role of Natural Killer (NK) cells in
resistance and susceptibility to HIV infection, HIV disease progression and NK cell function in other pathogenic
infections as well. The work involves an active exchange in technology and information between the two
laboratories as well as the opportunity to meet and work together in Canada, Israel, and Kenya. Thanks to the
Science and Technology International Collaboration (STIC) Fund of the Department of Science, Technology,
Energy & Mines of the Province of Manitoba, the work is progressing at a rapid rate and one completed
manuscript from the collaboration has already been prepared for submission and scientific review. Funding
Source(s): Global Research Exchange Program, Hebrew University; Total Funding Amount:150,000.00; Duration:
2009-2012
Project Title: New Technology for HIV Drug Resistance Testing-A Model for Integrating New Next Generation
Sequencing and Data Analysis
PI: James Brooks; Co-PI: Binhua Liang; Collaborators: Hezhao Ji, Morag Graham, Gary Van Domselaar;
Project Description: This project is about perfecting the laboratory tests and designing the computer programs
and interpretation methods to make the information produced by next generation sequencers, readily usable by
researchers or doctors who are involved in the care of PHA. Funding Source(s): Public Health Agency of Canada
(PHAC); Total Funding Amount: $300,000; Duration: 2011-2014
Project Title: Nonhuman primate models for influenza infections
PI:Heinz Feldmann
Project Description: Development of nonhuman primate models for influenza infections with emphasis on
pandemic strains such as the current H1N1 strain. The models will be used for vaccine and antiviral testing.
Funding Source(s): The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA); Total Funding Amount: US $
1,550,000; Duration: 2009-2012
Project Title: Northern Aboriginal Health Research: Exploring gene, environment and cultural interactions
PI: Dr. Linda Larcombe
Project Description: Aboriginal populations in Manitoba and Nunavut suffer the highest burdens of infectious
diseases in Canada yet they are underrepresented in health research. My program of research has been working
to lessen the gap in Aboriginal health research by deconstructing the biological, environmental and social
determinants of health in partnership with Aboriginal groups. By integrating laboratory-based molecular methods
with community-based socio-cultural research initiatives, my research has investigates the factors (genetics,
socio-cultural, environmental) that are unique to Aboriginals to determine the risks for infection and progression
to disease. My research has shown that genetic variability exists between populations in Manitoba with regards to
key components of the immune system that are responsible for controlling infection. In addition environmental
conditions (i.e. housing, diet) contribute to immune dysregulation. The primary goal of my research is to identify
and explore functional gene polymorphisms affecting the immune response to infectious diseases, and investigate
how the expression of these gene variants might interact with environmental and socio-cultural factors that
influence health in Aboriginal populations. This research has significant implications for understanding how
genetic, environmental and cultural factors may differentially affect distinct Aboriginal groups, and may help to
more clearly delineate the risk factors for infectious diseases. Funding Source(s): Manitoba Health Research
Council; Total Funding Amount: $99,799.00; Duration: 2011-2014
Project Title: On-line and on-the-ground: bridging the gap between vulnerable populations and public health.
PI: John Wylie; Co-PI: Carole Beaudoin; Collaborators: Carlos Rojas and Joshua Kimani
Project Description: Research goal: The research described in this proposal will inform the design and
implementation of a future randomized controlled trial (RCT). The RCT will be used to evaluate electronic
methods for the delivery of HIV-related behaviour change interventions to marginalized youth. The proposed
research, as opposed to the launch of an RCT itself, is necessary as working with this population presents unique
challenges that could lead to failure of an RCT if the necessary background steps have not been taken. We are
using the following hypotheses to guide development of the RCT:
1) Delivery of HIV education via an interactive electronic means will be well-received by youth.
2) Compared to standard, passively delivered print materials, HIV education delivered via interactive electronic
means will be associated with increased HIV-specific knowledge, positive attitudes toward HIV-preventive
behaviours, and engagement in HIV-prevention behaviours.
3) HIV education delivered via interactive electronic means will result in greater changes with respect to changes
in HIV-specific knowledge, attitudes and behaviour compared to education delivered passively via standard
printed materials.
The research described in this proposal has three main aims:
1) Develop HIV education resources in collaboration with community members.
2) Obtain a quantitative characterization of the proposed target population in each country.
3) Conduct a pilot study in each country to examine the feasibility of the methods intended for the RCT.
Rationale: Electronic health (eHealth) describes the use of information and communication technologies for
health services and information. Its identified potential coincides with calls for new approaches to HIV prevention
and control. A key issue for HIV is marginalization - those individuals most at risk of HIV tend to be those who
are most marginalized in society and have the poorest access to health information, resources, and services. This
technology therefore provides an excellent opportunity to bridge the gap between vulnerable populations and
public health by facilitating the dissemination of HIV-focused prevention messaging, education, and public health
services. Research plan: The proposed research focuses on street-involved youth, ages 14-24. The study will
take place at three sites - Winnipeg, Canada; Medellín, Colombia; Nairobi, Kenya - to broaden the generalizability
of our findings. Our HIV prevention activities are conducted within the context of two theoretical models – the
Health Belief Model and the Social Determinants of Health Model. The research consists of six activities: 1) initial
focus groups; 2) population sampling; 3) baseline questionnaire; 4) intervention pilot; 5) follow-up questionnaire;
6) post-trial focus groups and final study staff debriefing. Activities 1 and 6 provide opportunities for community
participation in all aspects of intervention development and study design and deployment. Activities 2 and 3
allow us to access youth to conduct a quantitative cross-sectional survey in each study site and also serve to pilot
our intended recruitment strategy for population access for a future RCT. In activity 4, a subset of the youth
encountered in activity 2 will be enrolled to test receipt of intervention resources via two eHealth methodologies –
email by computer and text message by cell phone. Activity 5 involves this same subset of youth to test the
feasibility of obtaining follow-up questionnaire data, again to inform future RCT design. In total, these activities
allow for community members to be involved in intervention and study design (aim 1); provides a quantitative
survey of youth at each study site (aim 2) and tests the feasibility of the methods that we envision for a future
RCT (aim 3). Significance: Our study design is unique in that it will engage youth in content design and offer
ongoing mechanisms for feedback; in this way we will provide youth with the information they want in a format
acceptable and enjoyable to them. To our knowledge, this will be the first time that an eHealth approach to HIV
behaviour change has been used in Canada and one of the few in the world to begin a multi-country evaluation
of the effectiveness of this approach for HIV prevention. It will also be the first time that a quantitative
assessment of the acceptability of this approach within marginalized youth populations will be undertaken. This
study will provide data relevant to the continued global development and interest in using electronic technologies
for health promotion. Funding Source(s): CIHR; Total Funding Amount: $375,066; Duration: 2010-2013
Project Title: Optimization and preclinical studies on amphiphilic aminoglycoside antimicrobials
PI: F. Schweizer; Co-PI: G. Zhanel
Project Description: as above; Funding Source(s): CIHR Proof of Principle; Total Funding Amount: $160,000
Duration: 2012-2013
Project Title: Organization of CANR website
PI: George Zhanel; Funding Source(s): multi-company; Total Funding Amount: $250,000; Duration: ongoing
Project Title: Pathogenic mechanisms in bacterial infection--a target for development of novel antimicrobial
drugs and strategies--Establishment Grant
Co-PI: Kangmin Duan
Project Description: As above; Funding Source(s): Manitoba Medical Services Foundation; Total Funding Amount:
$99,400
Project Title: Pathogenetic mechanisms in rabies virus infection
PI: Alan C Jackson
Project Description: as above; Funding Source(s): Manitoba Health Research Council; Total Funding Amount:
$99,722; Duration: July 2010 – June 2012
Project Title: Pep35 synergy study III/IV
PI: George Zhanel
Project Description: As above; Funding Source(s): Cangene; Total Funding Amount: 24,000; Duration:2011-2012
Project Title: Perinatal HIV Transmission to Canadian Children
Project Collaborators: Singer J, Forbes J, Lapointe N, Samson L, Vaudry W, Embree J, Bullard J
Project description: This is an ongoing surveillance program of the incidence and changing epidemiology of the
transmission of HIV from infected mothers to their children in Canada. Duration: Ongoing since 1993. Funding:
PHAC
Project Title: PHAC/CIHR Influenza Research Network (PCIRN)
PI: S. Halperin; Co-PI: E Rubinstein, F Aoki, G Hammond
Project Description: Comparison of adjuvanted and non-adjuvanted influenza vaccine in the elderly; Funding
Source(s): PHAC/CIHR; Total Funding Amount: $105,000; Duration: 2011-2012
Project Title: Phages for treatment
Co-PI: George Zhanel
Project Description: as above; Funding Source(s): CIHR-Emerging Team; Total Funding Amount: $300,000
Duration: 2011-2012
Project Title: Phase 1, Open Label study of a DNA Vaccine’s ability to increase the immune response to the
trivalent seasonal influenza vaccine in the elderly
PI: Gary Kobinger; Co-PI: Fred Aoki
Project Description: To evaluate the safety and tolerability of a universal H1 DNA vaccine administered
intradermally, in combination, followed by in vivo electroporation with Cellectra-3P in healthy adults using the
Visal Analog Scale (VAS). Also to compare humoral and cellular immune respnses of healthy adults in response
to either a DNA prime DNA boost or DNA prime trivalent seasonal vaccination boost regime (e.g. serum
antibodies to HA and the number of antigen-specific interferon-gamma secreting T lymphocytes in peripheral
blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) obtained from stud subjects in each of the treatment arms following each dose
of vaccine for a total of 52 weeks. Funding Source(s): CIHR; Total Funding Amount: 318,000; Duration:20112013
Project Title: A phase 3, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy study to compare the efficacy and safety of
dalbavancin to a comparator regimen (vancomycin and linezolid) for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and
skin structure infections.
PI: Rubinstein, Ethan; Co-PI: Aoki Fred, Y Keynan
Project Desciption: Evaluation of Dalbavancin ve. Linezolid vs. vancomycin in Acute Bacterial Skin and Soft Tissue
Infections; Funding Source(s): Durata Therapeutics Inc. Contract; Total Funding Amount: $10,818 CDN per
patient; Duration: 01/12/11-30/11/12
Project Title: Population-based MRSA Pilot Surveillance Project
PI: John Conly and Public Health Agency of Canada
Co-PI: John Embil
Project description: A retrospective review of risk factors for acquisition of community acquired methicilln
resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Funding Source: Public Health Agency of Canada. Total Funding Amount:
$12,000; Duration: 2011 – 2012.
Project Title: Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis for HIV Prevention in Discordant Couples
PI: Baeten, Jared (University of Washington); Co-PI: Katabira, Ellie, Allan Ronald
Project Description: Antiretrovirals to prevent transmission of HIV in discordant couples; Funding Source(s): Bill
and Melinda Gates Foundation; Total Funding Amount: $955,000; Duration: 2011-2012
Project Title: Pre-treatment resistance to hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3/4a protease inhibitors
boceprevir/telaprevir in HCV subgenotype 1a infected patients from Manitoba, Canada
PI:Anton Andonov; Collaborators:Kelly kaita, Kamran Kakdhoda, Carla Osiowy
Project Description: In 2011, Boceprevir and Telaprevir were the first antivirals to be approved in combination
with pegylated interferon-alpha and ribavirin for the treatment of chronic HCV infection (genotype 1) in North
America and Europe. The use of these drugs leads to emergence of HCV resistance associated mutations (RAM)
generally characterized by different levels of reduced susceptibility of the dominant virus population.
Approximately half of all Canadian patients with chronic HCV, including those in the province of Manitoba are
infected with subgenotype 1a which is more difficult to treat. Most of the currently published investigations on
NS3/NS4a drug resistance mutations, although focussing on HCV genotype 1, do not differentiate reliably their
findings between subgenotypes 1a and 1b the latter being much more common in Europe especially among the
adult population . The objective of this study was to investigate the level of pre-existing Boceprevir/Telaprevir
relevant HCV RAMs among HCV subgenotype 1a treatment-naive patients in the province of Manitoba, Canada.
Funding Source(s): Internal; Total Funding Amount: $22,000; Duration: November 2011-July 2012
Project Title: Proteomic approach to identify correlates of protection against HIV in rectal tissue of HIV-exposed
uninfected men who have sex with men
PI’s: Adam Burgener, Peter Anton, Jennifer Hoffman. Co-PI’s: Blake Ball, Frank Plummer, Otto Yang
Project Description: The rectal compartment serves as the primary site of HIV exposure during sexual contact in
MSM. We have identified putative biomarkers of HIV resistance and susceptibility in the mucosal secretions in
this compartment in an MSM serodiscordant cohort, but it is unknown if this applies to other HESN MSM
populations and more specifically how these factors are expressed in tissue. This study will be a comprehensive
proteomic examination of rectal samples from a well-described group of HESN MSM from the well-defined
Multicenter AIDS cohort study (MACS) that have reported many unprotected anal receptive exposures. The
understanding of the immunobiology of rectal tissue responses in these HESN MSM may help us design new
therapeutic intervention technologies. Total Funding Amount: Internally funded; Duration: June 2012 – Oct
2015.
Project Title: Proteomic examination of the effect of complement opsonization upon HIV antigen processing in
dendritic cells.
PI’s: Adam Burgener, Marie Larsson; Collaborators: Garrett Westmacott
Project Description: Antigen processing and presentation processes occurring in dendritic cells (DCs) required for
induction of HIV-1 specific T cell responses are essential for controlling the viral infection in vivo. Since HIV
triggers the complement system it is commonly opsonized with complement fragments. The initial interactions of
DCs with free HIV-1 (F-HIV), or complement opsonized HIV-1 (C-HIV) might influence the routing and nature of
pathways used for MHC class I and II restricted presentation. To answer this question we are using a systems
biology (proteomic) approach to evaluate the effect of complement opsonization on antigen processing in
immature DCs (IDCs) and mature DCs (MDCs). Funding Source(s): interrnal. Duration: July 2011 – July 2012.
Project Title: Rabies virus-induced injury to neuronal processes: role of oxidative stress
PI: Alan C Jackson; Co-PI: Paul Fernyhough
Project Description: Background: Rabies is an acute viral infection of the central nervous system for which there
is no effective therapy in humans. There are critical gaps in our understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease.
Because pathologic changes are not prominent under natural conditions, neuronal dysfunction has until recently
been thought to be the basis for the severe acute neurological infection. Recent in vivo studies by the principal
applicant have provided evidence that infection of brain neurons with the challenge virus standard-11 (CVS) strain
of fixed rabies virus induces degenerative structural changes in neuronal processes, including dendrites and
axons, without prominent associated changes in perikarya or neuronal death. This was an important advance in
our understanding of the pathogenesis of rabies. Our studies performed in cultured adult mouse dorsal root
ganglia (DRG) neurons indicate that CVS infection results in axonal swellings and reduced axonal outgrowth vs.
mock-infected neurons without associated loss of neuronal viability or apoptosis. Immunostaining for adducts of 4hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE), which is associated with lipid peroxidation (and, hence, oxidative stress), is found at
sites of axonal swellings. This work demonstrates that CVS infection induces oxidative stress in axons and
generates abnormal axon morphology (e.g., swellings) and that the degenerative changes closely mimic what is
seen in dendrites and axons of CVS-infected mice. Hence, the in vitro system using CVS infection of DRG
neurons is an excellent system to determine the mechanisms involved in rabies pathogenesis. Hypothesis: The
central hypothesis is that rabies virus infection induces neuronal process degeneration in vivo due to oxidative
stress through a mechanism of mitochondrial dysfunction. In rabies virus infection we will evaluate the
mechanistic role of impaired calcium homeostasis and activation of the transcription factor NF-κB and also
dysfunction of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, which is affected by the closely related Mokola virus matrix
protein, and/or Krebs cycle. Our alternative hypothesis is that rabies virus infection induces NADPH oxidases,
resulting in neuronal process degeneration via oxidative stress. Experimental Approach: Studies will be
performed on cultured adult rat DRG neurons that will be infected with CVS and mock-infected. We will determine
if CVS infection elevates reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in axons by altering mitochondrial
bioenergetics via abnormal calcium homeostasis, which would lead to activation of Krebs cycle enzymes and
augmented rates of oxidative phosphorylation. The effects of CVS infection on calcium signaling and
mitochondrial physiology will be comprehensively evaluated with direct measures of intracellular calcium,
mitochondrial respiration, mitochondrial ROS generation, and electron transport complexes and Krebs cycle
enzyme activities. Fundamental mechanisms involved in the production of oxidative stress in CVS-infected
neurons will be evaluated in detail by determining the roles played by NF-κB, IκB kinase (an inhibitor of NF-κB),
and NADPH oxidases using pharmacological inhibitors and/or gene silencing technology with lentivirus vectors.
Significance: This work focuses on evaluating mechanisms for neuronal process degeneration in rabies virus
infection with particular attention on the role of oxidative stress. This work will improve our understanding of how
rabies virus infection of neurons produces clinical disease in rabies and also will be applicable to other neurologic
and viral diseases. The studies will help lead the way to the development of novel therapeutic approaches to
successfully treat this ancient disease.
Funding Source(s): Canadian Institutes of Health Research / Manitoba Health Research Council Operating Grant;
Total Funding Amount: $200,000;
Duration: October 1, 2011 – September 30, 2013
Project Title: Rapid molecular detection of verocytotoxins stx1 and stx2 in stool submitted for routine culture
PI: Lagacé-Wiens PRS; Co-PI: Alfa MA, Bullard J, Adam HJ, Karlowsky JA
Project Description: See title. Funding Source(s): Diagnostic Services of Manitoba (DSM); Total Funding Amount:
$11,250; Duration: 2012-2013
Project Title: “Regulation of IRF-1 in Immune Activation and HIV Infection” – Determine the role of the
immunoregulatory protein IRF-1 in resistance and susceptibility to HIV infection and disease progression.
PI: Blake Ball;
Project Description: The study will address 3 specific but overlapping hypothesis, 1) IRF-1 expression and
regulation differs in resistant vs. susceptible individuals and IRF-1 expression associates with disease progression.
2) IRF-1 regulation drives early HIV replication and mediates immune responsiveness in the early stage of viral
replication. 3) IRF-1 expression contributes to the protective innate and adaptive immune responses in HIV-R and
drives immune activation and disease progression in HIV+ patients. Funding Source(s): CIHR; Total Funding
Amount: 395,586.00; Duration: 2010-13
Project Title: Regulation of Secondary Immunity in cutaneous leishmaniasis by Leishmania phosphoglycans
PI: Jude Uzonna; Collaborators: Sam Kung, John Wilkins
Project Description: This study will investigate the memory response in mice infected with Leishmania major
Funding Source(s): CIHR; Total Funding Amount: $810,000.00; Duration: 10/2011-09/2016
Project Title: Relaxin in cell migration
PI: T. Klonisch
Project Description: As above; Funding Source(s): NSERC; Total Funding Amount: $180K; Duration: 2010-2015.
Project Title: Research Alliance for the Prevention of Infectious Diseases
PI: Dr. Andrew Potter; Co-PI: 9 full-time members and 7 part-time members (including Stuart Skinner)
Project Description: The “Research Alliance for the Prevention of Infectious Disease”, or RAPID, is a
multidisciplinary team of researchers located at the University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon Health Region and
University of Calgary focused on the development of strategies for the prevention of infectious diseases of
importance to the Province of Saskatchewan including, Tuberculosis (TB), West Nile Virus, Chlamydia and
Gonorrhoea and hepatitis C. The long term goal of the Research Alliance for the Prevention of Infectious Disease
(RAPID) is to develop immunization technologies and infrastructure which can be used to reduce the burden of
disease in Saskatchewan in a timely fashion, targeting high risk populations of interest to the Province. This will
be guided by computer-aided disease modeling as well as characterization of organisms causing disease and the
ability of high risk individuals to respond to vaccines in an appropriate fashion. Our ultimate goal is to develop
technologies and information that can be used to guide policy and decision makers within Saskatchewan in the
establishment of cost-effective immunization strategies which target the unique diseases and populations within
the Province, thus enhancing the quality of life for residents and decreasing the cost of health care associated
with preventable diseases. Funding Source(s): Saskatchewan Health Research Foundation; Total Funding
Amount: 2.4 million; Duration: 2008-2013
Project Title: Risk factors and geographic variation in antibiotic susceptibilities of methicillin resistant
staphylococcus aureus in a Canadian pediatric population
PI: Embree, JE; Co-PI: Fanella, Sergio;
Project Description: This study will determine the differences in MRSA strains affecting children in various
communities in Manitoba and will explore epidemiological, clinical and bacterial factors that affect these
differences. Funding Source(s): Children’s Hospital Foundation; Total Funding Amount: $21,500; Duration:
1/07/08 – 31/12/11
Project Title: Role of human microbiome
PI: Kozyrskyj, A (U ofAlberta) ; HayGlass et al
Project Description: As above; Funding Source(s): Symbiota (CIHR) Total Funding Amount: $2.5 million over 5
years (2010-2014)
Project Title: Role of NKT cell in chlamydial genital tract infection
PI: Xi Yang; Co-PI: Weiming Zhao;
Project description: As above; Funding Source(s): CIHR; Total Funding Amount: $150,000
Duration: 2009-2012
Project Title: The role of PA1611 in the exacerbation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa chronic lung infections
Co-PI: Kangmin Duan
Project Description: As above; Funding Source(s): Manitoba Medical Services Foundation; Total Funding Amount:
$23,000; Duration: 2011-2012
Project Title: Saskatoon HIV/AIDS Research Endeavour (SHARE)
Co-PI: Skinner S
Project Description: As above; Funding Source(s): CIHR HIV Clinical Trials Network; Total Funding Amount:
$72,000; Duration: October 2011
Project Title: Scaling up HIV prevention in Karnataka and southern Maharashtra, Phase II
PI: Stephen Moses; Co-PI: James Blanchard, Reynold Washington, BM Ramesh;
Project Description: The goal of this development project is to reduce the transmission of HIV and STIs in the
Indian state of Karnataka, focusing on high risk groups such as female sex workers and men who have sex with
men.; Funding Source(s): Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; Total Funding Amount: $21,291,723.00 USD;
Duration: November 20, 2008 – March 31, 2014
Project Title: Science and Technology Solutions to Mitigate Vulnerabilities in Canada's Food Supply
PI: Matthew Gilmour
Project Description: As above; Funding Source(s): CBRN Research and Technology Initiative; Total Funding
Amount: $2,500,000; Duration: 2010-2014
Project Title: Screening Tests for Congenital Infectious Diseases in Manitoba: Are all Pregnant Women in
Manitoba Screened?
PI: Arwa Faizo; Co-PI: Jared Bullard, John Wylie
Project Description: An evaluation of prenatal infectious diseases serological screening in Manitoba from 20062010; Funding Source(s): n/a; Total Funding Amount: n/a; Duration: 2011-2013
Project Title: Seasonal prevalence of human enteric viruses in Winnipeg, Manitoba.
PI: Anton Andonov; Collaborators: Elsie grudeski, Alberto Severini, Tim Booth
Project Description: There are very few published reports on the occurrencve of microbial pathogens in treatment
plants raw sewage in Canada. A team of the division of Viral Diseases scientists at NML (Anton Andonov, Alberto
Severini, Elsie Grudeski) has initiated a study with the city of Winnipeg Water and Waste Department regarding
the circulation of human viruses in this community based on the influent of the treatment plant (bi-monthly
collections by WWWD personnel). The aim of this proposal will be to investigate the prevalence of important
human viral agents such as hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis E virus (HEV), entroviruses, rotaviruses, noroviruses,
polyomaviruses (JC and BK), adenoviruses, circoviruses and others. Due to limited resources "bulk" PCR (both
Real-time and conventional nested PCR) is planned to be used, however if additional resources are avilable we
could use "deep sequencing" to explore the viral diversity and the molecular epidemiology of viruses like HPV,
adenoviruses and enterovirus. Funding Source(s): Internal;Total Funding Amount: $20,000; Duration: November
2011-November 2012.
Project Title: Sentinel Network for Influenza Surveillance
PI: P. Van Caeseele; Co-PI: S. Mahmud
Project Description: Establishing a sentinel influenza surveillance network in Winnipeg. Funding Source(s): Public
Health Agency of Canada (PHAC); Total Funding Amount: $94,000.00; Duration: 2011-2012
Project Title: Sentinel surveillance for influenza requiring hospital admission in Canadian adults
PI: Dr. Bruce Light Co-PI:Drs. Gregory Hammond and Dr. Philippe Lagace-Wiens
Project Description: To determine the effectiveness of trivalent influenza vaccination in preventing
influenza-associated hospitalization in adults >65 years. Funding Source(s): Canadian Institutes of Health
Research; Canadian Centre for Vaccinology; GLAXOSMITHKLINE Biologicals; Total Funding Amount: $100,000
Duration: 2 years
Project Title: Sniffing around the issue: A preliminary investigation into the relationship between solvent use
and HIV risk.
PI: Keith Fowke
Project Description: As above; Funding Source(s): Network Environment for Aboriginal Health Research grant
Total Funding Amount: $19,370; Duration: Nov 2011-Feb 2012
Project Title: Social, behavioral and transmission properties associated with diversity in HIV epidemics among
people who inject drugs and other key populations.
PI- James Blanchard; Co-Investigator- M Becker; Other Co-Investigators including- John Wylie, Chris Archibald,
Paul Sandstrom, Faran Emmanual, Peter Vickerman
Project Description: as above; Funding Source(s) CIHR; Total Funding Amount: $428,369; Duration: October 1,
2012 – September 30, 2015
Project Title: Socio-cultural aspects of implementing HIV vaccine programs among MSM and FSWs in Asia and
Africa
PI: Dr. Robert Lorway; Co-PIs: Dr. L. Avery, Dr. M. Becker, Dr. J. Blanchard, Dr. J. Kimani, Dr. X. Ma, Dr. S.
Moses, Dr. V.K. Nguyen, Dr. B.M. Ramesh, Dr. S. Reza-Paul, Dr. R. Washington, Dr. N. Yu, Dr. H. Zhou
Project Description: This project will examine the social and cultural issues related to testing and introducing
future HIV vaccines among men who have sex with men (MSM) and female sex workers (FSWs) in communities
in India, Kenya and China. Project outcomes will inform the design of appropriate and acceptable vaccination
clinical trials and health promotion campaigns. Funding Source: The Canadian HIV Vaccine Initiative (CHVI) and
the Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Funding Amount: USD $750,000; Duration: 2010-2013.
Project Title: Spatial and Temporal Phylogeny of Hepatitis B Virus Subgenotype B6 in the Circumpolar Arctic
PI: Carla Osiowy; Co-PI: Dr. Remco Bouckaert (University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand)
Collaborators: Henrik Krarup (Ǻlborg University Hospital, Ǻlborg, Denmark), Brenna Simons (Alaska Native Tribal
Health Consortium, Anchorage, Alaska)
Project Description: Hepatitis B virus subgenotype B6 (HBV/B6) has been identified as a unique strain only found
in Inuit and Alaska Native people of the western circumpolar Arctic. The strain is associated with inactive infection
and a lack of liver disease in those infected with the subgenotype. Due to the inherent sequence variability of
HBV/B6 and its unique geographic and demographic association, it has been suggested that a long-term hostpathogen relationship exists. The strain is phylogenetically closest to subgenotype B1 sequences which are only
found in Japanese chronic hepatitis B patients. Thus, the phylogenetic association of HBV/B6 suggests an Asian
origin; however, the route and timing of B6 evolution is unknown. The proposed project will use BEAST (Bayesian
Evolutionary Analysis Sampling Trees) phylogenetic software to determine the spatial and temporal evolution of
HBV/B6 based on full length genome sequences from HBV/B6-infected Alaska Native people, Inuit of Canada and
Greenlandic Inuit. Funding Source(s): Public Health Agency of Canada; Total Funding Amount: N/A
Duration: 2011-2012
Project Title: S. pneumoniae Vaccine efficacy
PI: George Zhanel
Project Description: As above; Funding Source(s): Merck; Total Funding Amount: 149,500; Duration:2011-2012
Project Title: Structure/function of reovirus core: Host Proteomic perturbations
PI: Kevin Coombs;
Project Description: as above; Funding Source(s): CIHR Operating Grant; Total Funding Amount: $ 717,535
($143,507 p.a.); Duration: Oct. 2008 to Sept. 2013
Project Title: Students for Global Maternal, Neonatal and Child Health: a Canadian-Kenyan Partnership
PI: Maryanne Crockett; Co-PI: Lisa Avery ; Collaborators: Joyce Slater, Martin Entz, Ruth Dean, Kathleen
Matheos, Marissa Becker, Peter Njoroge, James Blanchard
Project Description: as above; Funding Source(s): Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA)
Total Funding Amount: $189,890; Duration: March 2012 – December 2014
Project Title: Support to African countries in the design and development of targeted HIV prevention programs
PI: Stephen Moses
Project Description: The key goal of the project will be to facilitate teams from two African countries (to be
selected from the following sets of countries – Kenya, South Africa, Nigeria, Malawi), to visit India to learn about
the unique aspects of the Avahan program; and to enable cross-visits by Indian technical resource persons to
African countries to assist with planning the exposure visits to India, and for follow-up. The key outcome of this
project is that the African teams will take back relevant key learnings that they will then incorporate into their
own programs. Funding Source(s): BMGF; Total Funding Amount: $ 109,420 USD; Duration: January 1, 2011 –
June 30, 2013.
Project Title: Surfaces and Transport in Functional Nanofibrous Structures
PI: Wen Zhong
Project Description: The Long-term objective is to characterize the relationship between the structures, surface
properties, and the transport properties of nanofibrous materials and biomembranes. The short term objectives
are 1) To develop and characterize multifunctional nanofibres; 2) to characterize surface/interface properties of
functional nanofibrous materials; and 3) to study the multi-scale transport phenomena that may occur in
biomedical applications of nanofibrous structures. The result of the proposed research and development will
provide groundwork in the development of new nanofibrous materials to meet emerging needs in advanced
biomedical applications, including wound care and tissue regenerations. Funding Source(s):NSERC Discovery;
Total Funding Amount: 25000/year for 5 years; Duration: 2011-2016
Project Title: Syndromic approach to neglected infectious diseases at primary health care level: an international
collaboration on integrated diagnosis-treatment platforms.
PI: Marleen Boelaert; Co-PI: Rosanna Peeling; Collaborators: 14 investigators from Belgium, Switzerland, UK,
France, Congo, Nepal, India, Mali, Cambodia, Indonesia and Sudan
Project Description: validation of the utility of rapid tests to improve syndromic management of patients
presenting with persistent fever, abdominal and neuro-disorders at primary health care levels in 6 countries in the
developing world; Funding Source(s): European Union; Total Funding Amount: 5,000,000 euros; Duration: 20102015
Project Title: Synthetic studies on hydroxyproline rich glycopeptides
PI: Schweizer, Frank;
Project Description: Funding Source(s): NSERC; Total Funding Amount: 210,000
Duration: 2008-2013
Project Title: Tackling the structural drivers of the HIV epidemic
PI: Dr. Stephen Moses; Co-PI: Dr. J. Blanchard
Project Description: This project is a research program consortium (RPC) led by the London School of Hygiene
and Tropical Medicine, with partners in India, South Africa, Tanzania and the United States. The purpose of the
RPC is to conduct rigorous research to: deepen fundamental understanding about how structural drivers
influence HIV risk in different settings; provide new evidence about the impact on HIV and cost-effectiveness of
interventions that tackle structural drivers; improve methods for researching and evaluating structural
interventions for HIV prevention; influence policy, and in the process, learn more about how to better feed the
results from research into policy debates and how policy change influences HIV transmission; and strengthen the
capacity of partners to conduct research on structural interventions, and use the findings to influence policy. The
RPC will conduct linked, in-depth research in several sites in India, South Africa, and Tanzania. These countries
are all affected by HIV, but have diverse epidemics and cultural contexts, providing opportunities for comparative
learning. The RPC will be strategic, prioritising research that can be used to press for policy change. Enhancing
the impact of proven HIV prevention strategies will reduce HIV and the economic burden that this places on
families and governments, and contribute towards the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals.
Funding Source: Department for International Development, United Kingdom; Funding Amount: GBP £526,000;
Duration: 2011-2017.
Project Title: “Technical assistance to improve maternal, neonatal and child health outcomes through the
National Rural Health Mission in Karnataka, India”
PI: James Blanchard; Co-PI: Stephen Moses, Lisa Avery, Reynold Washington, Parinita Bhattacharjee, BM
Ramesh, HS Ashokanand, HL Mohan, Srinath Maddur
Project Description: The goal of the project is to support the state of Karnataka and India to improve maternal,
neonatal and child health outcomes in rural populations through the development and adoption of effective
operational and health system approaches within the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM). Funding Source(s):
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Total Funding Amount: $8,397,051 USD; Duration: November 4, 2009 –
September 29, 2014
Project Title: Technical support to design, implement and monitor HIV prevention programs for FSW’s and
MSM in Sri Lanka
PI: Stephen Moses
Project Description: The goal of the project is to support civil society organizations (non-governmental
organizations) and the NSACP in Sri Lanka to design, implement and monitor evidence-based targeted
interventions for HIV prevention among FSWs and MSM; Funding Source(s): World Bank; Total Funding Amount:
$ 69.600 USD; Duration: November 2, 2010 – December 30, 2012.
Project Title: Transmission of EBOV from swine to non-human primates and assessment of clinical disease in
swine
PI: Hana Weingartl; Co-PI: Gary Kobinger
Project Description: see the title; Funding Source(s): CRTI – Biocluster Activity; Total Funding Amount: 50,000
Duration: March 31, 2011 – April 1, 2012
Project Title: Turning perceptions into prevention: Creating an education campaign for the prevention of HIV in
partnership with community in Saskatoon
PI: Meile R; Co-PI: Skinner S Stewart K
Project Description: As above; Funding Source(s):Total Funding Amount: $10,000 AIDS Foundation of Canada
Duration: 2011
Project Title: Uncovering signatures of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) specific immune responses to
distinguish active versus latent disease.
PI: T. Blake Ball (National Laboratory for HIV Immunology-National HIV and Retrovirology Laboratories)
Director General of project leader: Francis A. Plummer; Team: S. Kiazyk, M. Sharma, M. Graham, G. Westmacott,
A. Burgener, P. Orr (University of Manitoba).
Project Description: As above; Funding Source: Genomics Research and Development proposal: 2011; Total
Funding Amount: $520,000; Duration: 2011-2014
Project Title: “Understanding the biological, clinical, and psychosocial determinants of health outcomes in
inflammatory bowel disease: A research program”
PI: Charles Bernstein; Collaborator: Dennis Krause;
Project Description: We have the first prospective longitudinal population-based cohort study of subjects with IBD
in North America. This study represents an important opportunity to identify predictors of disease presentation
and clinical outcomes. We are currently undertaking research on predictors of disease exacerbations, of
phenotypic outcomes, of conventional and alternative drug utilization and of health care utilization. We will also
explore complex aspects of IBD such as etiology of fatigue, nutrition, its relationship to disease status, and
changes in nutrition over time, prevalence of underlying psychiatric comorbidity, incidence and determinants of
osteoporosis and fractures, and medication adherence over time. Another unique aspect of our study is that we
will hone methods to analyze complex longitudinal datasets, a valuable spin-off that can be applied by
researchers in other fields of study of chronic diseases. The Manitoba IBD Cohort Study will continue to provide
unique research opportunities and findings to promote an understanding of how to improve the outcomes and
QOL for persons with IBD. Funding Source(s): CIHR; Total Funding Amount: $1.5 million; Duration: 2007- 2012
Project Title: Understanding the emergence of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses
PI: Feldmann; Collaborators: Osterhaus, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Project Description: Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses have an enormous impact on public health,
as well as food safety, economies and the environment. HPAI viruses evolve from low pathogenic avian influenza
(LPAI) viruses through the introduction of a multibasic cleavage site (MBCS) in the hemagglutinin (HA) protein
during replication in poultry. The MBCS facilitates systemic replication of the HPAI virus and is one of the major
determinants of pathogenicity, in poultry as well as mammals. The mechanism through which a MBCS is
introduced is currently not understood. The HPAI phenotype is limited to viruses of subtypes H5 and H7;
however, introduction of a MBCS in a low pathogenic H6N1 virus resulted in a HPAI phenotype in chickens,
indicating that it is not a functional constraint that underlies the subtype-restriction of the HPAI phenotype. Based
on sequence analyses, we hypothesize that circulation of LPAI virus results in the introduction of a minimal MBCS
motif, which does not directly result in a HPAI phenotype, but increases the replication efficiency of the virus in
poultry. This poultry adaptation results in a poly-U stretch in the vRNA template, which may result in the insertion
of the nucleotides encoding the inserted basic amino acids through pseudo-templated transcription and thus the
subsequent phenotype shift into HPAI. This hypothesis will be tested using LPAI H5N1 and H6N1 viruses.
Funding Source(s): National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID); Total Funding Amount: US $
246,000; Duration: 2012-2013
Project Title: Understanding the impact of an enhanced comprehensive care and support program on quality of
life of people living with HIV/AIDS in Karnataka
Co-PI: Marissa Becker
Project Description: As above; Funding Source(s): United States Agency for International Development; Duration:
Oct 1, 2009- Sept 30, 2011
Project Title: Ushirikiano: Building research capacity to improve maternal child health outcomes in Kenya and
Canada.
PI: Maryanne Crockett; Co-PI: Lisa Avery; Collaborators: Anne Kihara, Florence Murila, Peter Njoroge
Project Description: as above; Funding Source(s): IDRC (International Development Research Centre)
Total Funding Amount: $121,250 total ($40,000 (IDRC), $81,250 in kind and cash contributions from the
Universities of Manitoba and Nairobi); Duration: 09/2010-06/2012
Project Title: Validation of a Portable Instrument for Point-of-Care CD4 Testing
PI: Blake Ball
Project Description: Examining the efficacy of a Novel platform for CD4 enumeration; Funding Source(s): National
Institutes of Health (NIH); Total Funding Amount: $37,520 (yr1); Duration: 04/2011 – 03/2012
Project Title: Washer – Disinfector Cleaning Monitor Evaluation
PI: Dr. Michelle Alfa
Project Description: Research project to compare Serim cleaning indicator to two commercially available
indicators; Funding Source(s): Serim Research Corporation; Total Funding Amount: $40,250.00; Duration:
December 2011-December 2012