ADRC Care Transitions Intervention Implementation Booklet California Community Choices March 2010 i Table of Contents Table of Contents ......................................................................................................... ii Improving Care Transitions: Implementation Overview ........................................ 1 ADRC CTI Work Plan ................................................................................................ 2 Four Pillars ................................................................................................................... 3 Care Transitions Intervention Tools and Forms ...................................................... 4 Sample Transition Coach Visit Sequences and Scripts ........................................... 7 Data Collection Measures ......................................................................................... 16 Project Reports .......................................................................................................... 18 Sample Patient Consent Form .................................................................................. 18 Project Dates .............................................................................................................. 18 Tools and Forms ......................................................................................................... 19 The Personal Health Record .............................................................................. 19 Medication Discrepancy Tool ............................................................................ 27 CTI Coaching Activities & Processes ............................................................... 28 Intervention Activities Checklist ....................................................................... 29 Care Transition Measure-3 (CTM-3) ............................................................... 31 Patient Activation Assessment ........................................................................... 32 Scoring for the Patient Activation Assessment Tool ....................................... 33 Informed Patient Consent - Sample .................................................................. 35 Key Project Dates................................................................................................ 37 ii Improving Care Transitions: Implementation Overview A primary responsibility of the CAL Aging and Disability Resource Connection (ADRC) is to facilitate and empower individuals to access and use, as appropriate to their needs, aging and long-term supports. This responsibility will be met, in part, through each ADRCs implementation of the Care Transitions Intervention (CTI), a low cost, low intensity care transitions model dedicated to facilitating patient empowerment through skill transfer, building self-efficacy, and providing transition specific self-care tools. The CTI, developed by Dr. Eric Coleman and the Care Transitions Program©1www.caretransitions.org, was designed to address potential threats to patient safety during care transitions by providing patients with the tools and support they need to understand and take a more active role in managing their health care and care transitions. It was also designed to help patients avoid repeat hospitalizations and potentially unnecessary institutionalization. Additionally, the model provides a framework for encouraging larger systems transformations, including improved clinical practice and cost savings attributable to reductions in hospital readmission. The CTI is a low cost, low intensity care transitions This implementation booklet is model dedicated to facilitating patient empowerment intended to assist you (ADRC staff through skill transfer, building self-efficacy, and and partners) in the successful providing transition specific self-care tools. implementation of the Improving Care Transitions project at your site(s). The booklet covers the core components and tools of the Care Transitions Intervention implementation process: ADRC CTI Work Plan Four Pillars Care Transitions Intervention Tools and Forms Sample Transition Coach Visit Sequences and Scripts Data Collection Measures Project Reports Sample Patient Consent Form Project Dates 2/16/162/16/16 1 Unless otherwise noted, all materials related to the Care Transitions Intervention are copyright protected: © 2007 Care Transitions Program; Denver, Colorado. All rights reserved. 1 ADRC CTI Work Plan The CTI Work Plan builds on the initial ADRC Work Plan; it serves as the ADRC’s principal guiding document throughout CTI implementation period. Each site is required to complete a brief (2-3 page) narrative work plan draft describing the following project elements. The draft work plan is due April 1, 2010; the final narrative work plan is due April 15, 2010 (San Diego to submit draft April 15, 201- final due April 30, 2010). Send work plans to Karol Swartzlander, KSwartz2@chhs.ca.gov, and Monique Parrish, mparrish@lifecoursestrategies.com. Identification of team members and team leader. Selection and training process of the Transition Coaches. Agreements between sender and receiver partners regarding facilities, patients and Transition Coaches. Criteria and process for identifying project patients (referral process); process to describe the intervention to patients and secure their voluntary participation (consent form); and mechanism for obtaining, storing and safeguarding patient information. Plan for addressing medication reconciliation (resolution of discrepancies) – detail Transition Coach responsibility and team oversight, e.g., a supervisor available to assess medication questions, urgent or emergency situations. Project monitoring (e.g., frequency of team meetings, oversight role of team leader, etc.). Designation of an individual responsible for obtaining, managing, compiling, coding and transmitting required project data, e.g., to maintain a registry of patients; to collect and record data; and to send data to Choices staff. Role and responsibilities of community partners. Timeline for implementation. 2 Four Pillars The Four Pillars represent the four patient-centered components on which the Coleman Care Transition Intervention is structured: Medication Self Management Focus: Reinforcing the importance of knowing each medication – when, why, and how to take what is prescribed, and developing an effective medication management system. Outcome: Patient knows who and what to ask to resolve medication discrepancies or concerns. Patient-Centered Health Record (PHR) Focus: Providing a health care management guide for patients; the PHR is introduced during the hospital visit and used throughout the program. Outcome: The patient utilizes the PHR to facilitate communication across providers and settings. The patient manages his own PHR throughout the program. Primary Care Provider/Specialist/Pharmacist Follow-Up Focus: Patient schedules and completes follow up visit (s) with the primary care provider or specialist as soon as possible after discharge. Outcome: Patient is prepared to be an active participant in these interactions. Knowledge of Red Flags Focus: Enabling the patient to be knowledgeable about indicators that suggest that his or her condition is worsening and how to respond. Outcome: Patient is knowledgeable about his or her health condition warning signs and has a plan to address them. These areas are addressed through a combination of visits and follow-up calls by the Transition Coach and the use of several Care Transition tools such as the Personal Health Record and the Medication Discrepancy Tool. The schedule of visits and follow-up calls represent the “stages” of the Care Transition Intervention over the four-week intervention period and include the following: An initial hospital visit; One home visit scheduled 24-72 hours post-discharge; and Three (or several) follow-up phone calls to the patient typically timed around specific events the coach wants to check up on. For example, calling the patient day-2 postdischarge, to confirm or schedule the home visit, and then a week after the home visit to inquire about the patient’s follow-up visit with the primary (How did your doctor visit go?). 3 Care Transitions Intervention Tools and Forms The tools and forms provided in this booklet provide a foundation for the Coleman Care Transitions Intervention (CTI). The key tools include the Personal Health Record and the Medication Discrepancy Tool. While all CTI sites are required to use these forms as part of the intervention, they are not a part of the required data measures for the project (for more detailed information on each of these forms, see www.caretransitions.org). The Personal Health Record (PHR) (p. 18) is a critical component of the Care Transitions Intervention. Its primary purpose is to empower patients to take ownership over important elements of their medical information and to share this information with the different practitioners they encounter during care transitions. Key elements of the tool include: Patient demographic information; patient medical history; A checklist of activities the patient should complete before leaving the care facility; Patient medication record; Tips on managing health and medications; Designated space to write follow-up questions for health care practitioners, as well as the Transition Coach, and to track follow-up healthcare appointments; and The patient’s stated personal health goal -- what he or she hopes to gain as a result of participating in this program. Sites should feel free to customize the PHR included with this booklet or adapt a similar tool used by their organization. The patient and Transition Coach should begin the process of reviewing and addressing the various components of the PHR, together, during the first visit (typically in the hospital). Use of the PHR throughout the intervention is instrumental in encouraging patients to assume control of their health care. The Medication Discrepancy Tool (MDT) (p. 26) serves as a simple yet powerful patientmedication quality control and review mechanism. The MDT is designed to facilitate reconciliation of medication regimens across settings and prescribers. Throughout the coaching process, patients learn about their medications and how to develop a medication monitoring system that works for them. The MDT is a complementary tool in the coaching process, allowing both the Transition Coach and the patient to address discrepancies while helping the patient craft a viable plan for addressing current and future medication discrepancies. Specifically, the MDT is used during the home visit when the Transition Coach reviews with the patient his or her medication regimen, evaluating whether the patient has both filled and understands his or her medications (when, why, and how to take what is prescribed). Additionally, the MDT allows the Transition Coach to document other key medication issues such as: whether the patient is confused by pre-and post-hospitalization medication regimens; differences between brand and generic names for medications; whether the discharge instructions are clear; and, if the patient has experienced any side effects. It is not the explicit responsibility of the Transition Coach to intervene clinically should a discrepancy be identified. Rather, the Transition Coach’s role is to use the opportunity of an identified discrepancy to model for the patient how to address discrepancies and questions that 4 arise with his or her primary health care provider. One or more MDTs can be completed (by the Transition Coach) on patients – as noted, the primary function of the MDT is to provide a patient-coach tool to facilitate improved patient mastery in the area of medication selfmanagement. MDTs are completed and remain with Transition Coaches. Sites should consider creating patient files or records, electronic or hard copy, where the Transition Coach can maintain these forms as well as other patient notes. As noted, the MDT is not part of the data collection measures required by the Community Choices project. The CTI Coaching Activities and Processes table (p. 27) provides Transition Coaches with a guide for implementing various activities by pillar and stage of intervention. An additional tool, the Intervention Activities Checklist (p. 28), further details coach activities by stage and pillar. It is recommended that Transition Coaches actively follow these guides to successfully implement the intervention. Transition Coaches have the specialized and critical role of coaching (not doing or teaching) patients through skill transfer (by modeling behaviors that the patient can see and hear), building self-efficacy (empowering the Transition Coaches have the patient to act on his/her own with confidence), and providing specialized and critical role of transition specific self-care tools (written records, forms, coaching (not doing or medication management system, managing information, etc.). teaching) patients. Effective transition coaches, whether they be nurses, social workers, EMTs, pharmacy technicians, or former health plan case managers/care managers, must function in a dedicated transition coach role (ideally performing in the transition coaching role half- to full-time). Dealing with Emergent and Urgent Problems From time to time emergency or urgent situations may present themselves in the context of the home visit or during the medication review process. Below is a guide for Transition Coaches to assist them with understanding when they might need to take action and “do” versus “coach:” Emergency: Emergency situations (medical crises – i.e., patient not breathing, evidence of abuse, etc.) require that Transition Coaches immediately contact 911, the Police, Adult Protective Services, etc. Urgent: Urgent situations (significant medication discrepancies, serious medication side effects, unresolved health concerns, unresolvable confusion, etc.) require the Transition Coach to encourage the patient to contact his/her health care provider during the visit. If the patient is not able to follow through for any reason, the Transition Coach should make the appropriate call(s) and follow-up with a family member if possible. Important: The Transition Coach should encourage patients with important health issues/ concerns and/or discrepancies that do not require emergency or urgent attention to contact their health care provider. The Transition Coach should make plans to follow up with the patient 5 (through the follow-up phone calls) to ascertain that the call(s) were made and action has been taken. 6 Sample Transition Coach Visit Sequences and Scripts The following sample sequences, scripts, and role-play scripts (© 2008 Care Transitions Program www.caretransitions.org) for the Transition Coach hospital visit, phone call before the home visit, and home visit are guides for introducing the CTI and the Transition Coach role. Sample Hospital Visit Sequence Introduce yourself (Transition Coach) Introduce and discuss the Care Transitions Program Inquire about patient’s interest in participating in the program (obtain consent) If yes, introduce the PHR If time is available, review the PHR’s Intervention Activities Checklist, focusing on patient’s understanding of her medication If time is available, ask patient for a personal goal Sample Hospital Scripts In preparation for your first visits, you may want to review these sample scripts of how to introduce the intervention at the hospital or nursing home; how to schedule the home visit; and how to formulate the recap at the end of the home visit. We encourage you to practice, using your own language. I’m a Transition Coach and I’m here to help you make a successful move from the hospital to home. I’d like to visit you at home to help you review your medications and prepare for your follow up doctor visit. This will be a different kind of visit from others you may have had such as with the visiting nurse. After you are discharged, please call me at (phone) to let me know you are home. After you get home, I will visit you once. After this visit, I will call you several times to check on how you are doing and answer any questions you might have. If you go to a rehabilitation center/nursing home before going home, I will visit you once you get back home. 7 Other ways to explain the intervention and encourage participation This is a special program/benefit meant to help people after they are discharged from the hospital. This program is designed to make life easier, not be intrusive or time-consuming. Benefits of participation: Free service; Help to prevent hospital readmission; Resource for questions after discharge. This program also includes family and caregivers. Sample Phone Call Script – Before the Home Visit As soon as you discover the patient has been discharged, you call them, remind them of the program, and set up a time for the home visit. Hi, my name is ____. I am the Transition Coach who met you while you were in the hospital [SNF/other]. I gave you that [green/blue] book. As I mentioned when we first met, I will be coming to your home to help you review your medications and get you ready for the follow-up appointment with your doctor. I’ll be making this visit and then two more phone calls to see how you’re doing over the next few weeks. I’d like to set up a time for the home visit that’s convenient for you and any family members who help with your care. What would be a good time for us to meet for a home visit? It would be helpful if you can take a few minutes before we come to gather up all your medications, any medication lists you have, and the discharge summary from the hospital. Great—I’ll see you in [days/time]. Sample Home Visit Sequence Introduce yourself – establish rapport Clarify role (difference between CTI and Home Health), purpose and length of program Ask patient about a personal goal he or she can achieve during the four-week intervention. 8 Begin with recognizing and respecting patient’s desires and interests – start with where the patient is – inquire about patient’s medication management system (How do you keep track of your medicine? Is that system working for you? What medications are you taking and how are you taking them?). Patients should list all the medications they are taking in their PHR. That list should be compared to the post-hospitalization medication list, as well as the pre-hospitalization medication list to identify discrepancies. Because many coaches were ‘doers’ in their former roles, it is easy to slip into reconciling the medications for the patient. In this new role, the coach helps the patient identify the pre- and post- hospital medications, identify discrepancies and develop questions for clarification with the doctor. It is important that the patient and not the coach record the medications and the notes in the PHR. In reconciling medication lists, specifically comparing pre and post-hospitalization lists, patients should write down what they are taking and then be referred back to their primary provider to review the medication list and to reconcile any discrepancies. ALL PATIENTS SHOULD BE REFERRED BACK TO THEIR PRIMARY PROVIDER OR TREATING SPECIALIST FOR MEDICATION RECONCILIATION!!! Regarding warning signs, the patient should be encouraged to identify his understanding of any warning signs associated with his condition and a plan of action to address a worsening condition. If the patient does not know the warning signs, this too should be captured in the form of a question for the patient’s primary care provider. As with medication reconciliation, all patients should be referred back to their primary physician to review the patient’s understanding of the warning signs a condition is worsening and how to address it. Use the PHR and the patient’s goal as a guide to address the medication management, system, the Red Flags, and the 2-3 follow-up questions the patient has written to ask their health care provider at the and follow-up medical appointment. Throughout the visit, be sure to encourage the patient to assume ownership and responsibility for his or her health management (for example, the patient should be doing most of the talking, the patient should contact his or health provider, the patient should both hold and write in the PHR). At the end of the visit, encourage the patient to summarize next steps; the Transition Coach should also recap and explain to the patient what he or she will address during the follow-up phone calls. Case Example of a Home Visit Sequence New coaches are often unsure about how to structure a home visit. The following example supports a patient centered agenda. The Coach arrives at Mr. P’s home and explains her role as coach; the purpose of the home visit; and the importance of the Personal Health Record (PHR). Right away, the Coach engages Mr. P in the conversation, by asking about his experiences and his health since coming home. 9 (“How have you been since you got home?”) The answer to this question will determine which pillar you move to first. The Coach helps Mr. P set a 30-Day Personal Goal and shows him where to record it in his PHR. (“Can you identify a goal you would like to achieve in the next 30 days?”) The patient’s goal is used to build rapport and structure the visit. Throughout the home visit, they will continue a discussion of how Mr. P might reach his goal by using his new skills and knowledge to manage his care and health. The Coach talks with Mr. P about his health conditions and has him record important issues in the PHR. As Mr. P records his conditions in his PHR, the Coach prompts him to explain what symptoms he experiences and how he knows if his conditions are worsening. The Coach helps Mr. P understand the “red flag” warning symptoms for each condition and how to seek medical care before a trip to the hospital becomes necessary. When Mr. P has other questions about his conditions, the Coach shows him where to record these questions in his PHR to ask his doctor at the follow-up visit. (By using the PHR in this way, three of the four pillars have been addressed: use of the PHR, Red flags, Follow up) Based on the patient’s goal and on his concerns, it is often time to work on medications. Mr. P gathers his pill bottles, pill minders, medication lists, and discharge instructions. The Coach asks Mr. P to tell her about each medication, what it is for, and how and when he takes it. (“Can you show me your medications, what you take and how you take it?”) They compare the medication bottles and any pre hospital medication lists with the discharge medication list. The Coach helps Mr. P create a new medication list and identify any discrepancies and questions to discuss with his doctor. By helping the patient clarify his questions and sitting with him as he records his new medication list, the coach is teaching him skills he can use again and again. The Coach asks Mr. P about his experiences with scheduling doctor visits and interacting with his doctor. (“Have you had a chance to schedule a follow-up appointment with your doctor?”) It’s important for the coach to discuss why a follow-up doctor visit is necessary. (Often a patient’s PCP will not be aware that the patient has been in the hospital.) The coach and patient role-play asking questions of the doctor or appointment scheduling desk, and getting replies. The coach and patient work together to use the patient’s understanding and language to form questions the patient has for the doctor. 10 (For example, “I just got out of the hospital and I’m confused about my medications, especially the ones for my heart”.) The coach reminds Mr. P to take his PHR to all appointments and suggests writing down the doctor’s answers to his questions. The Coach summarizes the information discussed throughout the home visit and asks Mr P. to identify what activities he will be doing before her next call. She lets the patient know when to expect her next phone call. (“Let’s review the most important things we’ve touched on, including your questions and the things that need to get done before I call you next. What are the top three questions you’d like to have answered when you connect with your doctor?”) Sample Introduction Script at Home Visit Hi, I’m ___your Transition Coach. I’m here today to help you review your medications and prepare you for your doctor’s visit. Would you like to gather all your medications, medications lists and papers from the hospital? Where would you like to sit? This will be a different kind of visit from others you may have had, such as with a visiting nurse or physical therapist. I’m here to help you review your medications; be better prepared to meet with your doctors and specialists; and help you better understand your health. This is the only time we will meet in person, but I’ll be calling you a few more times to check up and see how you are doing. Do you have that [green] book I gave you in the hospital? Let’s start there… Sample Role-Play Script at Home Visit Introducing the CTI Staging in Italics: Two actors needed – a female transition coach and an older male patient Props to portray entry into a home and the home kitchen: Front door leading into open kitchen Table and two chairs Counter or side table with a telephone on it Napkin holder with paper napkins Salt and pepper Butter dish Pencil Personal Health Record 11 Several sheets of paper Walker with basket 6 different sized pill bottles scattered in bathroom, on top of TV and in bedroom Patient is sitting at the kitchen table drinking coffee. There is a knock at the front door. Patient gets up slowly from the table and walks unsteadily to the front door with his walker. Patient: Who is it? Coach: It’s Mary Joyce your Transition coach. You may remember me from when I came to visit you while you were in the hospital. (Patient let’s her inside, but looks like he is not quite sure who this person is). Patient: So many people came to see me in the hospital. Coach: I’m the person who gave you that purple booklet! (Coach shows a copy of the PHR) Patient: Oh yes, I remember! Do you want to sit at the kitchen table? Coach: Since you’re up could you gather all of your medications and any paper work you got from the hospital? Patient: Sure, but it might take me awhile, with this walker. (Patient goes around the house and gathers pill bottles from the bathroom, bedroom and from on top of the TV. He joins the Coach sitting at the kitchen table and unloads the pill bottles onto the table, next to a stack of papers. Coach adjusts her chair so she is sitting 45-90 degrees from the patient. If she sits right next to the patient, they will not be able to see each other as well, and important nonverbal cues could be missed. It’s also important that the coach and patient sit at a surface, which makes writing and handling the bottles and papers more convenient.) Coach: Well, Mr. Dawson, it’s great to see you today! This is going to be a different kind of visit from others you’ve had such as the visiting nurse or physical therapist. I’m going to help you be better prepared to take care of your health conditions with the goal of trying to keep you from having to go back to the hospital. Together we will review your medications; prepare for your next doctor’s visit; and help you understand your health condition a bit better. Just as important as helping you stay well and not need to go back to the hospital is for me to understand what your goal is for your health. Do you have a goal for your health that you would like to accomplish over the next 30 days? Patient: I enjoy attending my granddaughter’s soccer games but I have not felt up to it over the past two weeks. My goal would be to feel strong enough to be able to go to her soccer games and sit in the bleachers to watch her play. 12 Coach: I believe that together we can help you feel strong enough to make it those soccer games. We can talk more this during our visit and make a plan for how we can accomplish your goal. Patient: That sounds great. How often will I see you? Coach: This is the only time we will meet in person, but I’ll be calling you at least two more times to check up and see how you are doing. Patient: OK. I’m glad you are here. I am a little concerned about some of my pills. Coach: I want to hear what concerns you have about your pills, so let’s get started. Do you have that purple Personal Health Record I gave you in the hospital? Patient: I think it’s in this pile of papers from the hospital – here it is… (tries to hand it to the coach). Coach: Actually, this is your record. Why don’t you open it up and take a look. Sample Role-Play Script at Home Visit Addressing the Personal Goal Staging in Italics: Two actors needed – a female transition coach and an older male patient Props to portray a home kitchen table: Table and two chairs Counter or side table with a telephone on it Coffee cups – 2 Napkin holder with paper napkins Salt and pepper Butter dish Pencil Personal Health Record Medicine bottles on the table Several sheets of paper Walker Cat? :) Coach and patient are sitting at the kitchen table Coach: I see you have the Personal Health Record that we went over in the hospital. (Coach points to the Personal Health Record in a pile of papers). Let’s take a look at that. (Patient pulls the Personal Health Record out of the pile) Great-thanks (Coach leans towards patient and says) the first thing I’d like to ask you is: do you have a goal related to your health that you would like to achieve in the next 30 days? 13 Patient: Well, yes! I want to make sure I don’t fall again and break something else. That pain medicine makes me feel foggy. Coach: (Nodding her head as she listens to the patient). That’s a great goal. How did your first fall happen? Patient: (Looking embarrassed). I fell in the shower. My daughter had been nagging me to put a grab bar in the shower. But I just hadn’t gotten around to it. I’m having one installed tomorrow-before my daughter visits on Friday! But I worry about the effect these pain pills are having on me. I think I could fall again even with that grab bar. I just don’t feel right. It’s even a little hard to walk with my walker now and that wasn’t a problem before. Coach: So it sounds like one of the things that needs to happen for you to reach your goal is for you to feel more clear-headed and steady. Did I get that right? Patient: (Nodding while the coach talks) yes… Coach: So your goal over the next month is to feel clear headed; and steadier in the shower and walking with your walker? Patient: Yes, that’s it exactly! Coach: Great. I’d like you to write your goal in your Personal Health Record, so that at the end of this month we can see if you are making progress and this will help you remind yourself what your goal is. Patient: Where do I write that? Coach: (Pointing to the PHR page labeled ‘person goal’) Right here. Patient: Oh, I see. (Patient writes goal in PHR). So let’s see… “feel more clear-headed and be more steady.” Okay. Coach: One of the things I was hoping to do with you today is to review your pills – I would like to know what you take and how you take them. We’ll start with your pain pills (pointing to the pill bottles the patient has gathered on the table) because sometimes they can cause that foggy feeling you mentioned. Patient: OK, that makes sense… I can’t tell you what a relief it is, to have someone actually listen to what’s important to me! Coach: I’ll bet. As we go along, we’ll probably come up with some questions for your doctor. I’d like for you to write those down. If you turn to the last page of your Record (patient fumbles with the PHR and find the back page), You should see a blank spot for questions. Patient: Okay, right here. 14 Coach: Right. It might be helpful to ask your doctor whether your medications need to be changed to help you be more clear-headed. Sample Summary Script at End of Home Visit So we’ve gone over a lot of things today. Let’s review the most important things we’ve touched on, including your questions and things that need to be done before I call you next time. First, you’ve written several questions in your personal health record. What are the top three questions you’d like to get answered when you connect with your doctor? Remember to take this booklet with you when you go to see your doctor and update it with any changes the two of you make. What other things need to be done before my next call [schedule follow-up visit, get prescriptions filled, pick up testing supplies, arrange for visiting nurse, etc.]? I’m going to call you [later this afternoon, tomorrow, in a few days, next week] to follow up and see how things are going and if you got your questions answered. Do you have any other questions for me before I go? On the front of your personal health record is my name and number. If you hit a roadblock, please call me. I’m available [schedule]. Important Transition Coaching Tips Excellent Transition Coaches employ the following techniques when interacting with patients: Active Listening Open-Ended Questions Paraphrasing/Reframing Additional Tips 1. Transition Coaches may want to consider bring extra PHRs to the home visit, along with pill minders (note: the patient should be encouraged to fill the pill minder with support from the Transition Coach). 2. Transition Coaches should receive each patient’s discharge instruction sheet and review the sheet prior to the home visit. 15 Data Collection Measures Two data collection measures will be used for the ADRC CTI project: the Care Transition Measure-3 (CTM-3) (p. 30) and the Patient Activation Assessment: the first represents a patient-level measure and the second a coach-level measure. The CTM-3 is a three-item instrument designed to assess the quality of care transitions from the acute hospital to home or to another care setting. Transition Coaches should bring the measure with them to the home visit and ask patients to complete it at the end of the visit. Transition Coaches should explain to patients that the CTM-3 provides valuable feedback on the quality of care transitions patients experience from the hospital to another care setting (a recommended Script for introducing the CTM-3 is included in this booklet). The Patient Activation Assessment (p. 31) is completed by Transition Coaches and assesses each patient’s level of activation in the four pillar areas at the conclusion of the CTI intervention. At the bottom of the Patient Activation Assessment is a section, separate from the measure, for collecting brief demographic information on each client. A description of the scoring for the Patient Activation Assessment is listed on page 29 of the booklet. Patient Activation Assessment data will be entered and compiled in a CTI Patient Registry document. A patient registry file in Microsoft Excel, formatted with patient code numbers, will be provided to each site. The registry will allow sites to assign codes to patients volunteering to participate in the intervention. Each patient’s CTI forms and data collection measures should be given the code assigned through the registry, so that patient information can be linked across measures and forms. Each site will also receive customized Microsoft Excel Workbook files to collect and record data for the CTM-3 and the Patient Activation Assessment (as noted, the latter includes a demographic data section). Data will be submitted quarterly on ________; _______; _______; __________; and, ________. ADRCs should designate a staff person responsible for entering, storing and transmitting data. Below is a recommended script for introducing the CTM-3. ** To improve our understanding of the patient experience of moving from one care setting to another (can substitute “hospital” or “skilled nursing facility” to “home”), we would like to ask you if you would complete a brief three-question survey. Please know that regardless of your decision to take the survey, your health care or eligibility to participate in this care transition program will not be affected. If you do choose to take the survey, we encourage you to openly and honestly answer each question. Your answers will provide us with important feedback about how well patients are prepared for moving from one care setting to another. In addition, your answers will help X facility evaluate and improve on the discharge process (e.g., patients understanding of medication and post-hospital care needs, healthcare preferences of patients) for future patients. 16 If the patient agrees to take the survey, please read each question aloud to ascertain comprehension. Next, explain the following response options offered for each of the three questions: Strongly Disagree Disagree Agree Don’t Know/Don’t’ Remember/Not Applicable Strong Agree If the patient’s ability to comprehend the survey questions in written form is impaired (due to literacy or mild cognitive difficulties) but the patient is able to participate with the assistance of the Transition Coach, then the Transition Coach should assist the patient in completing the survey, e.g., read each question aloud again, slowly, and repeat each of the response options. As expected, in some cases the patient’s caregiver will serve as proxy for the patient both in answering the survey and participating on behalf of the patient in the Care Transition Intervention. Please thank the patient/caregiver for participating in the survey. ** Remember to collect the CTM-3 at the end of the visit. 17 Project Reports Sites are required to submit narrative interim progress reports and a final report. All reports should be e-mailed to Karol Swartzlander - KSwartz2@chhs.ca.gov. The progress report should be 1-2 pages in length. Progress reports are due ________; __________; and, ____________. Each CTI narrative progress report should address the following: 1. Progress on the CTI work plan. Sites that demonstrate full and successful participation in the project (e.g., Transitions Coaches have been trained, appropriate number of patients have participated in the project to-date). 2. A brief summary of the most common reasons participants did not complete the intervention (this information is collected in the Registry). 3. Unexpected successes and/or challenges – within your community, agency, or with collaborating organizations. 4. If applicable, please provide information on any organizational or programmatic changes, including changes in key leadership. 5. Based on your experience to date, do you anticipate successful completion of the CTI component of the ADRC operations? Please explain. A final narrative report is due ________. Details regarding the final report will be sent to sites in _____________. Sample Patient Consent Form A sample consent form (p. 34 is included in this booklet for sites to modify and use (see Paula’s comment. Sites should have their finalized consent forms vetted by their respective legal departments. Project Dates A list of key project dates (p. 36), Transition Coach training, site visit, monthly project conference calls, and project data and narrative reports for the 17-month project period, is included in this booklet. 18 Tools and Forms The Personal Health Record Personal Health Record If you have questions or concerns Contact ____________________ At # (____) ____-_______ Hours _____________________________ Call (__________________________) At (____) ____ - _______ with questions or concerns, if you have difficulty contacting your own primary care doctor, specialist, or home care nurse. Take your Record with you to all your doctor visits. This Personal Health Record was developed by Cedars-Sinai Medical Center. The Personal Health Record of: 19 Home Address: Health and Symptoms … Home Phone: Notes and Questions for my Doctor or Nurse: Other Phone: Birth Date: Hospital ID: Primary Care Provider: Advance Directive: YES NO Caregiver Information Name: Home Phone: Other Phone: Relation to Me: Recent Hospital Visits Hospital Admitted Discharged Reason for Admission Health and Symptoms … __/__/__ to __/__/__ Notes and Questions for my Doctor or Nurse: 20 EMERGENCY Police, Fire, Paramedics Poisoning Poison Control Center (800) 2221222 Who/Name Number What 911 Doctor #1 Dentist Pharmacy Nearby Relative/Friend Out-of-State Relative/Friend Home Health My Specialist Doctors Name Important Phone Numbers 21 Specialty Phone Number ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ My Medical History Check any health problems that you have had: The person who may speak for me about my health care, if I am unable to speak for myself is Name: Phone: Alternate Phone: Allergies Arthritis Abnormal Heart Rhythm (Slow, Fast or Irregular Heart Beat) Back Pain or Back Surgery Cancer Diabetes Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT, Clot in leg or groin) Hardening of the Arteries Heart Disease Where my Advance Directive is located: Heart Failure (Congestive Heart Failure, CHF) High Blood Pressure Hip Fracture Lung Disease (for example: COPD, Emphysema, Asthma) Pneumonia Stroke Other Diagnoses/Health Problems: 22 Take this Personal Health Record with me to wherever I go, including ALL doctor visits and future trips to the hospital Call my doctor if I have questions about my medications or if I want to change how I take my medications Tell my doctors about ALL medications I am taking, including over-the-counter drugs, vitamins and herbal formulas Update my Medication Record with any changes to my medications Know why I am taking each of my medications Know how much, when and for how long I am to take each medication My Advance Directives An Advance Directive is a written document that you have signed that states either: Know possible medication side effects to watch out for and what to do if I notice any. (1) What your wishes for medical treatment are, if you are unable to speak for yourself, or; My Responsibilities Checklist My Personal Health Goal (2) The name of someone who knows your wishes well and can speak for you if you are unable to speak for yourself. Before I leave the hospital, I will be able to say … I have been involved in decisions about what will take place after I leave the hospital. I know where I am going after I leave this hospital. I know what will happen in the first few days after I lave the hospital. Pledge for My Personal Health To better manage my health and medications, I will 23 Before I leave the hospital, I will be able to say … I have been involved in decisions about what will take place after I leave the hospital. I know where I am going after I leave this hospital. I know what will happen in the first few days after I leave the hospital. I have someone to call if I have a problem during my discharge. I understand what my medications are, how to get them and how to take them. I understand the potential side effects of my medications and whom I should call if I experience them. I understand what symptoms I need to watch out for and whom to call should I notice them. I understand how to keep my health problems from becoming worse. My doctor or nurse has answered my most important questions prior to leaving the hospital. My family or someone close to me knows that I am coming home and what I will need once I leave the hospital. If I am going directly home, I have scheduled a follow-up appointment with my doctor, and I have transportation to this appointment. “Red Flags” and Warning Signs 24 Medication Record When to Get Help Right Away Here is a list of things that mean you need to get medical help right away: You have trouble breathing. You have a bad pain in the chest or stomach and find it hard to breath, with sweating. You have a bad pain in the neck, shoulders, and arms. All of a sudden you can’t talk. All of a sudden you can’t move one side of your body. One side of your body feels numb. All of a sudden you have pain in one eye. All of a sudden you can’t see with one eye. You have bleeding that can’t be stopped. You have pain from a fall. When you need help right away, call 911 or local emergency services. 25 Date___________ Medicine the Doctor Prescribed Name (example) Cipro List of Medications (Cross out discontinued medications) Dose 250mg,1 capsule, four times a day – Until gone When Color 9am, 1pm, 5pm, 9pm red Why Taken? To treat my infection New? Medicine I buy and take for myself (“over-the-counter”). Check any you use. Laxatives Aspirin/other pain Antacids Vitamins Cold medicine Cough medicine Sleeping Pills Allergy Others (names) ______________ ______________ _______________ Reactions and Allergies: (example: Penicillin Herbal Remedy ________________ Rash) _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ Questions for my Doctor or Nurse: _______________________________________________________________________ 26 Medication Discrepancy Tool The Medication Discrepancy Tool (MDT) is designed to facilitate reconciliation of medication regimen across settings and prescribers Medication Discrepancy Event Description: Complete one form for each discrepancy Causes and Contributing Factors: Check all that apply :: Italicized text suggests patient’s perspective and/or intended meaning Patient Level 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Adverse Drug Reaction or side effects Intolerance Didn’t fill prescription Didn’t need prescription Money/financial barriers Intentional non-adherence 6. “I was told to take this but I choose not to.” 7. Non-intentional non-adherence (i.e.: Knowledge deficit) “I don't understand how to take this medication.” 8. Performance deficit “Maybe someone showed me, but I can’t demonstrate to you that I can.” System Level 13. Duplication. 9. Prescribed with known allergies/intolerances 10. Conflicting information from different informational sources For example, discharge instructions indicate 14. one thing and pill bottle says another. 15. 11. Confusion between brand & generic names 12. Discharge instructions 16. 17. 18. 19. incomplete/inaccurate/illegible Either the patient cannot make out the hand-writing or the information is not written in lay terms. Taking multiple drugs with the same action without any rationale. Incorrect dosage Incorrect quantity Incorrect label Cognitive impairment not recognized No caregiver/need for assistance not recognized Sight/dexterity limitations not recognized _________________________________________________________________________________________________ Resolution: check all that apply Advised to stop taking/start taking/change administration of medications Discussed potential benefits and harm that may result from non-adherence Encouraged patient to call PCP/specialist about problem Encouraged patient to schedule an appointment with PCP/specialist to discuss problem at next visit Encourage patient to talk to pharmacist about problem Addressed performance/knowledge deficit Provided resource information to facilitate adherence Other __________________________________________________________________________________ 27 CTI Coaching Activities & Processes Medication Self-management Dynamic Personal Health Record (PHR) Red Flags Follow-up Patient is knowledgeable about medications and has management system Patient is knowledgeable about indications that condition is worsening and how to respond Patient schedules and completes follow-up visit with Primary Care Provider and Specialist Coach empowers patient to take charge of medications and complete medication reconciliation Coach helps patient identify an action plan based on red flags of condition and reason for hospitalization Coach helps patient feel comfortable and able to communicate effectively with providers, through role play and practice Patient understands the importance of knowing medications Discuss symptoms and possible drug reactions Recommend Primary Care Provider follow-up visit Explain PHR Coach facilitates patient reconciliation of pre- and post-hospitalization meds Coach assesses condition(s) Coach emphasizes importance of the follow-up visit Patient reviews and updates PHR Pillar Goal - Content - Process Hospital Visit Home Visit Coach helps patient identify discrepancies and questions about medications. Patient records in PHR for clarification by doctor. Coach helps patient practice how to ask questions. Coach asks patient about symptoms that indicate worsening condition or side effects of medications. Patient identifies 3-5 main red flags to monitor Coach helps patient develop questions, practice asking questions, and roleplaying for visit with Primary Care Provider Patient understands and manages a Personal Health Record (PHR) Coach facilitates patient use and ownership of PHR Patient and coach review discharge summary Coach encourages patient to share the PHR with primary care doctor and specialist Coach helps patient refine or develop med management system Discuss any remaining medication questions Follow-Up Calls Ask the patient to identify when/if Primary Care Provider should be called 28 Coach provides advocacy in getting appointment, if necessary, and revisits communication skills. Discuss outcome of visit with Primary Care Provider/Specialist: Did patient get questions answered? What did s/he ask? Help develop new questions if necessary and role-play as needed Intervention Activities Checklist Medication Management Hosp SNF Home 2-Day 7-Day 14-Day Hosp SNF Home 2-Day 7-Day 14-Day Hosp SNF Home 2-Day 7-Day 14-Day Review hospital medications Construct complete medications list Discuss medication management Compare pre-hospital meds with hospital/SNF meds discharge list Identify prescriptions that were prescribed not obtained Identify medication discrepancies Answer questions about medications Encourage/observe use of patient medication management system Identify medications needing refills or barriers to refills Personal Health Record (PHR) Explain PHR Update PHR Reinforce the importance of bringing PHR to all future health care encounters and show it to health professionals Prepare for discharge Medical Care Follow-Up Advise/encourage patient to set f/u appointment with PCP or Specialist Clarify whether patient will need to obtain f/u tests and/or results Role-play appointment scheduling encounter Identify problems that require immediate PCP or Specialist visit Develop questions with patient for PCP or Specialist Teach skill of writing questions to ask at PCP or Specialist follow-up Provide teaching for how to obtain follow-up tests and results Legend: D/C=Discharge; Dx= Diagnosis; Hosp=Hospital; SNF=Skilled Nursing Facility; PCP=Primary Care Provider2 Day = 2 Day Follow-Up Call; 7-Day=7-Day Follow-Up Call; 14-Day=14-Day Follow-Up Call 29 Red Flags Hosp SNF Home 2-Day 7-Day 14-Day Hosp SNF Home 2-Day 7-Day 14-Day Discuss self management of condition(s) Review discharge instructions Discuss and teach self-management of condition(s) Discuss target symptoms/side effects to monitor and what to do should they arise Discuss when PCP should be called Discuss pain management Discuss constipation Other Discuss patient’s personal goal and possible steps for achieving Review discharge plan with patient and/or family caregiver Find out discharge date to begin Care Transitions Intervention Talk to family caregiver, if appropriate Assess adequacy of support system and need for ongoing case management Prepare patient to interact with home health team (RN, PT, OT) Legend: D/C=Discharge; Dx= Diagnosis; Hosp=Hospital; SNF=Skilled Nursing Facility; PCP=Primary Care Provider 2 Day = 2 Day Follow-Up Call; 7-Day=7-Day Follow-Up Call; 14-Day=14-Day Follow-Up Call 30 Care Transition Measure-3 (CTM-3) Patient Name/Code (Optional): __________________________ Date: __________ 1. The hospital staff took my preferences and those of my family or caregiver into account in deciding what my health care needs would be when I left the hospital. Strongly Disagree Disagree Agree Strongly Agree Don't Know/ Don't Remember/ Not Applicable 2. When I left the hospital, I had a good understanding of the things I was responsible for in managing my health. Strongly Disagree Disagree Agree Strongly Agree Don't Know/ Don't Remember/ Not Applicable 3. When I left the hospital, I clearly understood the purpose for taking each of my medications. Strongly Disagree Disagree Agree #: Strongly Agree Don't Know/ Don't Remember/ Not Applicable ____________________________ 31 Patient Activation Assessment Name/Code: __________________________ Date: __________ Patient ID#: _________________ Medication Management Personal Health Record (PHR) __ Demonstrates effective use of Medication Management System (medication organizer, flow chart, etc.) __ Understands the purpose of PHR and the importance of updating PHR __ Agrees to bring PHR to every health encounter __ For each medication, understands the purpose, when and how to take, and possible side effects __ Demonstrates ability to accurately update medication list Medical Care Follow- Up Red Flags __ Can schedule and follow through on appointment(s) __ Writes a list of questions for PCP and/or specialist and brings to appointment (Note: see the Codes and Scoring for the Patient Activation Assessment Tool for additional activities related to this particular activation) __ Demonstrates understanding of Red Flags, or warning signs that condition may be worsening __ Reacts appropriately to Red Flags per education given (or understands how to react appropriately) __ Agrees to confirm medication list with PCP and/or Specialist SUM: /4 SUM: /2 SUM: Each check counts for 1 point. TOTAL SCORE: /2 SUM: /10 Please complete for each patient: Age Gender Racial/Ethnic Status Status Post-D/C Principal Dx @ D/C 18-30 __ 31-50 __ 51-65 __ 66-75 __ 76-85 __ 86-95 __ 95+__ Female __ Male __ African-American __ Asian __ Latino __ White__ Other__ SNF __ Home __ Other __ Respiratory/Pulmonary __ Cardiovascular __ Endocrine/Diabetes __ Cancer__ Orthopedic __ Other __ 32 /2 Scoring for the Patient Activation Assessment Tool What is the patient’s level of activation after completion of the coaching intervention? Medication Management Patient demonstrates effective use of Medication Management System (medication organizer, flow chart, etc.) For each medication, understands the purpose, when and how to take, and possible side effects Demonstrates ability to accurately update medication list Agrees to confirm medication list with PCP and/or Specialist PHR Understands the purpose of PHR and the importance of updating PHR Agrees to bring PHR to every health encounter If visits have been completed, patient shows evidence of having taken the PHR to health visits and shared it with practitioner Medical Care Follow-Up (with PCP/Specialist) Can schedule and follow through on appointment(s) Patient completed PCP/Specialist follow-up visit Writes a list of questions for PCP and/or specialist and brings to appointment If visit has not occurred: Patient develops questions to ask PCP/Specialist, at followup visit Through role-playing with coach, patient demonstrates ability to overcome common barriers in the patient-provider interaction If visit has occurred Patient asked questions at the PCP/Specialist follow-up visit Patient was able to get his/her questions answered and needs met at that visit Patient demonstrates ability to overcome barriers commonly presented at follow-up visit through effective role-playing with coach. Red Flags Demonstrates understanding of Red Flags, or warning signs that condition may be worsening Reacts appropriately to Red Flags per education given (or understands how to react appropriately) 33 Scoring For each pillar, rate the patient’s competency level at the end of the intervention by assigning one point per bulleted item. 10 points are possible. The total score will indicate how the patient is doing (total score of between1-5 indicates that the patient’s level of activation in the intervention is low to average; a total score of 6-7 indicates that patient’s activation is above average; and a total score of 8-10 indicates a strong level of activation).. Medication Management (4 Items) 1 2 PHR (2 Items) 1 2 Follow-up with PCP/Specialist (2 Items) 1 2 Red Flags (2 Items) 2 1 3 4 Transition Coaches are encouraged to regularly review participant PAA scores (total scores for the PAA and CTM-3 are automatically calculated by the Excel Spreadsheet once the data has been entered) to explore and discuss additional action for patients with low scores (e.g., referrals to psychosocial or chronic disease case management programs) as well as trends in PAA scores that may highlight areas of improvement needed in the transition coaching 34 Informed Patient Consent - Sample Name of Hospital IMPROVING CARE TRANSITIONS PROJECT Consent Form and authorization to Use and Disclose Health Information Leaving the hospital can often be confusing. There are new medications to understand, symptoms to watch for and sometimes changes in daily routine. In order to minimize any confusion and better prepare you, we would like to invite you to become a participant in a unique study to improve care transitions. As part of the program we will collect certain personal and health related information from patients and/or caregivers, including your discharge summaries. If you agree to participate you will need to sign this authorization. The information collected will be shared with the California Community Choices Project to improve understanding and identification of aspects of the project that promote patient empowerment and reduce unnecessary hospital admissions. This information will not be used for any other purpose and will be given a number identifier that will remain within the site – Name of Hospital. Please sign below to authorize your participation in this project and to authorize the collection and sharing of this information with the Improving Care Transitions Project. Your signature on this form is an agreement to permit Huntington Hospital and their agents and contractors to use and disclose health information relating to you for the purposes described above. 1. The health information that may be used and disclosed includes all information collected as part of the project described in this consent form and Authorization. 2. Researchers participating in the project may use and share your health information in connection with the project; disclose such health information in a way that does not identify you; disclose the health information that is collected by the project as required by law to representatives of government agencies and other persons who are required to watch over the safety, effectiveness and conduct of replication studies. 35 IMPROVING CARE TRANSITIONS PROJECT Page 2 3. Once information that could be used to identify you has been removed, the information that has been collected may be used and re-disclosed by the study sponsor as permitted by law. 4. Once the health information has been disclosed to a third party, federal privacy laws may no longer protect it from further disclosure. However, the researchers and study sponsor agree to protect your health information by using and disclosing it only as permitted by you in this authorization. Also, no publication about the research will be made that could reveal your identity without your specific written permission. These limitations continue even if you revoke (take back) this authorization. 5. Please be aware that you do not have to sign this authorization, but if you do not, you will not be allowed to participate in the project. You may change your mind and revoke this authorization at any time. To revoke this authorization, you must write to: Name Project Director Hospital Name Street City CA Zip However, if you revoke this authorization, you will no longer be eligible to participate in the project. Also, even if you revoke this authorization, the information already obtained may remain a part of the research. 6. This authorization is effective immediately and expires in one year. 7. You will be given a copy of this authorization after you have signed it. 8. I may inspect or obtain a copy of the health information that I am being asked to disclose. Printed name of participant:________________________________________ Signature of participant or caregiver:________________________________ Date Signed:___________________ 36 Key Project Dates ADRC Enhancement Care Transitions Project CTI Introduction January 21, 2010 January 22, 2010 San Francisco CAL ADRC San Diego CAL ADRC Transition Coach Training February 19, 2011 (Colorado) Conference Calls - TBD June 2010 July 2010 August 2010 September 2010 October 2010 November 2010 December 2010 January 2011 February 2011 March 2011 April 2011 May 2011 Project Work Plan Final April 15, 2010 – San Francisco May 1, 2011 – San Diego Quarterly Data & Narrative Due-Dates July 15, 2010 October 15, 2010 February 28, 2011 *** LAST PARTICIPANT ENROLLMENT DATE: MAY 31, 2011 Final Data & Narrative Due Dates August 1, 2011 (Final) Site Visit – San Diego/San Francisco September 2011 Contact Information: Monique Parrish – CTI Technical Consultant 925-254-0522/925-323-4265; mparrish@Lifecourse-Strategies.com Karol Swartzlander – Community Choices Project Director 916-651-6693; KSwartz2@chhs.ca.gov About the Conference Calls Project conference calls are valuable opportunities for your team to engage with and share ideas with other project participants. To Attend a Conference Call Please dial 1-877-468-2134 Passcode 154135 Project Work Plan Draft Due April 1, 2010 – San Francisco April 15, 2010- San Diego 37