IVDEL
The city history
The date of the city's origin, October 28, 1831, is considered being the
day of the washing factory, constructed at the place where the Shapsha
River flows into the Ivdel River. Near the factory, which washed out the
gold-bearing sands from the Preobrazhensky and Znamensky mines, there
was a settlement named Ivdelskoe. It was approximately 5 km upstream of
the river from the center of the modern city. Ivdel’s inhabitants now call this
place the ‘Old Ivdel’. In 1849, this place had the name Zaozerskaya Dacha
and was divided between the Vsevolozhsky brothers. Its northern part went
to Nikita-Vsevolodovitch. The Ivdelskoe settlement was moved to a new
place where the city is located now and was named as Nikito-Ivdel. In 1849
– 1898 at the new settlement there was the administration of SeveroZaozerskaya gold mines of N.V. Vsevolozhsky and his heir.
In the village, there were 2 churches, the specialized school, and 6
small shops. In 1910, the library was opened, and schools began to appear.
A long time after the revolution it was difficult to develop the NikitoIvdel economy because of the railway absence. Later, the village NikitoIvdel was renamed into Ivdel, and since 1924 the district Ivdelsky was
organized.
In 1937 the cutting through for a line for the future railway began, and
in 1939 a first working train came to the railway station.
For a short time the wood and woodworking industry was created in the
district. In 1937 the enterprise "Wood Management" was organized. In 1938
the first production was by Pershinsky timber mill. It was 100 cube meters
of saw-timbers.
In 1940 the extraction of manganese ore started. The railway to
Polunotchnoye was constructed end it evacuated people from the Nicolsky
manganese pool to Ivdel to help in construction of the Polunotchnoye mine.
In August, 1941, there were the first tons of manganese. During the years of
war Polunotchnoye mines delivered 390 tons of ore the Urals and Siberia
plants.
Under the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of RSFSR,
September 16, 1939, the settlements Lyamlya-Paul, Sobyanino, SuyevatPaul, Burmatovo, Yurta Kurikovikh from Garinsky district were submitted
to Ivdel district administration. Under the decree of the Presidium of the
Supreme Soviet of RSFSR from September 16, 1939, Sama was submitted
to the Ivdel district administration. Under the decree of the Presidium of a
Supreme Soviet of RSFSR, March 4, 1946, the Ivdel district was developed
into a city of regional submission and was named as Ivdel.
In the post-war period, the growth of economic potential of the city
continued. In 1960, the Ivdel hydrolytic factory was constructed. Housing
construction and municipal services were developed. The city infrastructure
was formed.
The main enterprise of the city is the Open Joint-stock company
"Ivgid". The basic kinds of production are ethyl alcohol and fodder yeast.
The production, made by the factory, is in demand. In 2000 the factory
celebrated its 40-anniversary.
In the city economy, the wood and woodworking industry plays an
important role. The timber cutting takes place in the city now (The
Corrective-labor Establishments Association, Open Join Society "Ous
Timber Cutting", Open Society the "Ural cedar", Open Company the
"Hope", Open Company the "Severles"). The mining industry extracts gold
(the Artel of gold-diggers "Ural - the North"), limestone (Open Society
"Marsyata Management of ore extraction") building rubble (Open Company
"Polunotchnoye Management of ore extraction").
On the Ivdel territory, there are two enterprises of gas pipeline
servicing, which are the modern gas pumping complexes. Today they are the
powerful enterprises of Open Society "Gazprom".
The city of Ivdel has a network of establishments of culture. In the city
there are Children's school of fine art, the House of children's creativity,
Children's studio "Squortchonok", libraries, schools, the military - patriotic
club "Chance", Houses of culture, clubs, a Historical - Ethnographical
museum, a Summer camp "Uralets". The newspaper the "Northern Star" is
issued.
In September, 2001, the city celebrated its 170-anniversary.
Geographical position
Ivdel is the northernmost city of the Sverdlovsk Region. The distance to
Ekaterinburg is 535 km. The city is located on both banks of the Ivdel River.
In 6 km from the city, the railway Ekaterinburg-Serov-Priobye passes (the
station ‘Ivdel-I’).
Eighty three kilometers south-west from Ivdel, there is the city of
Severouralsk. One hundred eighty six kilometers south, there is the city
Serov. Southeast from Ivdel, Garinsky district borders on. One hundred four
km north-east, Pelim is located. The border with Republic Komi and the
Soviet district of the Tyumen area passes north.
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On the territory of the city Ivdel, there are 44 settlements. The center is
the city of Ivdel. The distances between the city and settlements are as
follows: Polunotchnoye - 22 km, Severny - 32 km, Ous - 70 km. Other
settlements are located from the center on the distance up to 150 km.
The total area of the city of Ivdel is 20,786 sq. km. The woods are
mostly coniferous (pines, fur-trees). Water resources are the rivers the Ivdel,
the Lozva, the Sosva, the Vizay, the Ushma, the Ous.
Minerals resources are bauxite, iron, copper, manganous ores, gold,
coal. The motorways, connecting settlements and the next cities, do not have
asphalt covering.
There is an airport in the city and the city has 10 railway stations.
Places of Interest
Nine kilometers to the south-east from Ivdel, 4 km from Pershin's
village, on the right bank of the Lozva river, at its confluence of the Ivdel
river there is the Pershin meadow. On this place at the end of 16th century
was the most northern settlement of the Urals - sentry small town
Lozvensky. It was founded in 1589 as a fortress and customs house on the
Moscow road - the oldest way to Siberia. However the Moscow road existed
not so long. It was very long and went through a mountainous, strongly
broken terrain. In 7 years after the Lozvinsk foundation to the south
from it a more convenient road, Babinovskaya was open, and the Moscow
road became useless. In 1598 it was ordered to raze Lozvinsk. Izba's frames
and building materials were sent to Pelim, and inhabitants - civil servants were moved to Verkhoturye.
In 1831 in connection with extraction of gold on banks of the Ivdel river
there was a mine named Ivdel (Shapsha). In 1847 a management of crafts
was based here and it was the beginning of building a new village (4 km
from the old one). It was named Nikito-Ivdel.
On a suburb of Ivdel the natural monument - a natural park the
"Siberian pine" is under protection. It is the unique phenomena of nature.
IVDEL HISTORICAL-ETHNOGRAPHICAL MUSEUM. Danilov
street, 78. tel. 2 23 49. Opening times Tuesday to Sunday 11.00 am- 5.00
pm. Expositions of the museum are devoted to natives of Northern Urals Mansy. Here there are instruments of work, fishing, national musical
instruments, household goods, winter clothes of deer skins. The whole estate
of Mansy's family is exhibited at the museum: a house, a pies-walled
street furnace for bread baking, a store, a shelter for deer, deer sledge, boats,
skies, etc.
IVDEL'S ENVIRONS
SETTLEMENT OUS is located on the branch railway line Ivdel Priobye, 70 km northeast from Ivdel. This is the settlement of timber
industry. In the beginning of 1995, nearby the settlement (area of Massavy),
the first derrick of joint-stock company the "the Urals oil" was set up.
SETTLEMENT VIZHAY is 90 km north from Ivdel. It is a starting
point for tourist routes to the Northern Urals. Twelve kilometers north from
the settlement, at the confluence of the Lozva River and the Northern
Totemic, there is a cave of Voguls. According to a legend, in it, the sacred
sculpture of Mansy - the Gold Woman (a gold idol with a head of the
woman) was kept. The idol was worshipped, brought gifts and victims. After
Russians came to these territories, shamen took the Gold Woman away, first
to the upper reach of the Konda River, and then on the Taz River.
MOUNTAIN HOLAT-SYAHL (1079 m). It is in the source of the
Lozva River, walking south from the most northern peak of Sverdlovsk
Region mountain Otorten (1234 m). Translating from mansies, Holat-Syahl
means ‘the mountain of deadmen’. According to a Mansy's legend, on this
mountain in the days of Flood 9 mansies were lost. In the 20th century this
legend received mystical continuation. At night from the 1st to the 2d of
February, 1959, on the tourist route from Vizay to the mountain Otorten, at
the bottom of Holat-Syahl under mysterious circumstances, a group of 9
students of Urals polytechnical institute was lost. Their bodies were found
out only a month after, under snow, half-clothed, the distance over 400 m
from a tent, which was found rip opened by knifes from inside. It was an
impression that tourists ran up in the horror panic. The investigation of the
accident was secret. Some versions were put forward, that guys could
become the victims of fugitive criminals or killed by Mansies for defilement
of their sacred places. However, none of these versions has proved. Now the
most frequent assumption is that the students became the victims of ballistic
missiles' tests. Those years these tests were intensively carried out on
northern military ranges. The combination of a shock wave with powerful
high and low-frequency sounds could lead to the temporary loss of mind and
panicle running away, and the severe frost completed the killing.
A. Kabanov
J. Nosek
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