Virginia Department of Transportation System Inventory
Introduction
Virginia's transportation system is a vital element in the state's economy, providing the
safe and efficient movement of people and products throughout the Old Dominion. The
Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) is responsible for building, maintaining
and operating the state's roads, bridges and tunnels. And, through the Commonwealth
Transportation Board, it also provides funding for airports, seaports, rail and public
transportation.
Virginia has the third largest state-maintained highway system in the country, just behind
North Carolina and Texas.
VDOT has just over 10,200 employees, making it one of the three largest state agencies
in Virginia.
For highway purposes, Virginia is divided into nine districts: Bristol, Culpeper,
Fredericksburg, Hampton Roads, Lynchburg, Northern Virginia, Richmond, Salem, and
Staunton. Each of these oversees maintenance and construction on the state-maintained
highways, bridges and tunnels within their region. Exhibit R2 shows a road map of
Virginia, including interstate and primary roads, and Exhibit R1 shows the nine districts.
Exhibit R1. District Map of Virginia. Source:
http://www.virginiadot.org/infoservice/vdot-directory.asp#vdot_information_contacts
The districts are divided into 42 residencies and two district satellite offices, responsible
for one to four counties each. Each of Virginia's counties has at least one area
maintenance headquarters strategically located in it. The VDOT central office in
Richmond is headquarters for approximately 30 operational and administrative units.
The Commonwealth Transportation Board guides the department's work, much like a
board of directors. The Secretary of Transportation serves as chairman and the Virginia
Department of Transportation Commissioner as vice-chairman. The 17 Board members
are appointed by the Governor and approved by the General Assembly. The Director of
the Department of Rail and Public Transportation also serves as a non-voting member of
the board. Board meetings are held monthly and are open to the public.
There are more than 70,000 miles of interstate, primary and secondary roads, including
six major interstate routes: I-95, I-85, I-81, I-77, I-66 and I-64.
Source: http://www.yesvirginia.org/corporate_location/vatrans.aspx
Virginia’s 57,082-mile state-maintained highway system is divided into the following
categories:





Interstate - 1,118 miles of four-to-ten lane highways that connect states and major
cities.
Primary - 8,500 miles of two-to-six-lane roads that connect cities and towns with
each other and with interstates.
Secondary - 47,582 miles of local connector or county roads. These generally are
numbered 600 and above. Arlington and Henrico counties maintain their own
county roads.
Frontage - 333 miles of frontage roads.
A separate system includes 13,869 miles of urban streets, maintained by cities and
towns with the help of state funds. Virginia's cities are independent of its counties.
Exhibits R3 and R4 describe Public Road Length in Virginia. Exhibits R5 through R11
describe Federal-Aid Highway Lanes, and Exhibits R12 through R18 describe National
Highway System Length. Exhibit R19 displays information on the Strategic Highway
Corridor Network (STRAHNET). Exhibits R20 through R29 describe Functional System
Length. Exhibits R30 and R31 describe Urban Characteristics of two selected Federal
Aid Urban areas. Exhibits R32 and R33 describe State highway agency owned public
roads. Exhibits R34 and R35 contain usage statistics for Virginia roads. Exhibits R36 and
R37 contain accident statistics for Virginia roads.
There are 82 towns and cities that construct and maintain roads in their jurisdictions,
excepting interstate and primary routes. Such roads consist of 23,200 lane miles and
10,400 centerline miles. In addition, Henrico and Arlington Counties construct and
maintain local roads of 3,100 and 960 lane miles, respectively. In addition, the
Chesapeake Bay Bridge Tunnel consists of 74 lane miles. VDOT's Local Assistance
Dvision distributes construction and maintenance funds to these jurisdictions ranging
annually from $8k to $14k per lane mile, with principal and minor arterials, including the
Bridge Tunnel, accounting for the higher cost and collectors and local routes accounting
for the lower
Exhibit R2. Road map of Virginia
Exhibit R3. PUBLIC ROAD LENGTH – 2001, MILES BY OWNERSHIP
Exhibit R4. PUBLIC ROAD LENGTH – 2001, MILES BY FUNCTIONAL SYSTEM
Exhibit R5. FEDERAL-AID HIGHWAY LENGTH – 2001, MILES BY OWNERSHIP
Exhibit R6. FEDERAL - AID HIGHWAY LENGTH – 2001, MILES BY SYSTEM
Exhibit R7. FEDERAL-AID HIGHWAY LENGTH – 2001, MILES BY TYPE OF SURFACE 1/
Exhibit R8. FEDERAL - AID HIGHWAY LENGTH – 2001, MILES BY LANE WIDTH 1/
Exhibit R9. FEDERAL - AID HIGHWAY LENGTH – 2001, MILES BY TRAFFIC LANES AND ACCESS CONTROL 1/
Exhibit R10. FEDERAL - AID HIGHWAY LENGTH – 2001, MILES BY AVERAGE DAILY TRAFFIC VOLUME
Exhibit R11. FEDERAL-AID HIGHWAY LANE - LENGTH – 2001, LANE - MILES BY SYSTEM 1/
Exhibit R12. NATIONAL HIGHWAY SYSTEM LENGTH – 2001, MILES OPEN AND NOT OPEN TO TRAFFIC
Exhibit R13. NATIONAL HIGHWAY SYSTEM ROAD LENGTH – 2001, MILES BY OWNERSHIP
Exhibit R14. NATIONAL HIGHWAY SYSTEM LENGTH – 2001, MILES BY FUNCTIONAL SYSTEM
Exhibit R15. NATIONAL HIGHWAY SYSTEM LENGTH - 2001, MILES BY VOLUME - SERVICE FLOW RATIO RURAL 1/
Exhibit R16. NATIONAL HIGHWAY SYSTEM LANE-LENGTH - 2001 1/, LANE-MILES BY FUNCTIONAL SYSTEM
Exhibit R17. NATIONAL HIGHWAY SYSTEM TRAVEL - 2001 1/, ANNUAL VEHICLE - MILES BY FUNCTIONAL
SYSTEM
Exhibit R18. NATIONAL HIGHWAY SYSTEM LENGTH - 2001, MILES BY MEASURED PAVEMENT ROUGHNESS RURAL
Exhibit R19. STRATEGIC HIGHWAY CORRIDOR NETWORK (STRAHNET) LENGTH - 2001 1/, MILES BY
INTERSTATE AND NON-INTERSTATE
Exhibit R20. FUNCTIONAL SYSTEM LENGTH - 2001, MILES BY OWNERSHIP - RURAL
Exhibit R21. FUNCTIONAL SYSTEM LENGTH - 2001 1/, MILES BY TYPE OF SURFACE - RURAL
Exhibit R22. FUNCTIONAL SYSTEM LENGTH – 2001, MILES BY LANE WIDTH - RURAL 1/
Exhibit R23. FUNCTIONAL SYSTEM LENGTH – 2001, MILES BY TRAFFIC LANES AND ACCESS CONTROL - RURAL
1/
Exhibit R24. FUNCTIONAL SYSTEM LENGTH – 2001, MILES BY AVERAGE DAILY TRAFFIC VOLUME - RURAL
Exhibit R25. FUNCTIONAL SYSTEM LANE-LENGTH - 2001, LANE-MILES 1/
Exhibit R26. FUNCTIONAL SYSTEM LENGTH - 2001 1/, MILES BY VOLUME - SERVICE FLOW RATIO - RURAL
Exhibit R27. AVERAGE DAILY TRAFFIC PER LANE – 2001, ON PRINCIPAL ARTERIALS
Exhibit R28. FUNCTIONAL SYSTEM LENGTH - 2001 1/, MILES BY MEASURED PAVEMENT ROUGHNESS /
PRESENT SERVICEABILITY RATING
Exhibit R29. FUNCTIONAL SYSTEM LENGTH - 2001, MILES BY MEASURED PAVEMENT ROUGHNESS - RURAL
Exhibit R30. URBANIZED AREAS - 2001, MILES AND DAILY VEHICLE - MILES OF TRAVEL
Exhibit R31. URBANIZED AREAS - 2001, SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS
Exhibit R32. STATE HIGHWAY AGENCY-OWNED PUBLIC ROADS - 2001 1/, MILES BY FUNCTIONAL SYSTEM
Exhibit R33. STATE HIGHWAY AGENCY-OWNED PUBLIC ROADS - 2001 1/, RURAL AND URBAN MILES;
ESTIMATED LANE-MILES AND DAILY TRAVEL
Exhibit R34. FUNCTIONAL SYSTEM TRAVEL - 2001 1/, ANNUAL VEHICLE – MILES (MILLIONS)
Exhibit R35. FEDERAL - AID HIGHWAY TRAVEL - 2001 1/, ANNUAL VEHICLE – MILES (MILLIONS)
Exhibit R36. PERSONS FATALLY INJURED IN MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES - 2001 1/, FEDERAL - AID HIGHWAYS
Exhibit R37. PERSONS FATALLY INJURED IN MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES - 2001 1/, FUNCTIONAL SYSTEM
Pavement Condition
Information on pavement conditions was obtained from State of the Pavement, 2002;
Interstate and Primary Highways. Published by Central Office Pavement Management
Staff, June 2002.
In the mid-1990s VDOT began to collect pavement distress data through the use of
videotaped images. To make use of data collected from those tapes VDOT also made
interim use of the pavement condition index (PCI) defined and used by the U.S. Army
Corps of Engineers. After several trial years, the PCI was deemed too general for
Virginia conditions so that a VDOT specific method, as described in detail in Appendix
A, was considered necessary. Briefly, that system recognizes that pavement distresses
fall into two basic categories; they are either load related (caused by the application of
vehicular loadings) or they are not load related (caused by the exposure of pavement
elements to the environment). This realization gave rise to the development of two
indices to describe pavement surface distresses. These are the load related distress rating
(LDR) and the non-load related distress rating (NDR). These two indices, also, use 0 to
100 scales and are the basis for pavement surface condition evaluation in VDOT.
The advent of pavement data collection through contracted automated means led to a
need for standardization of procedures for the purposes of consistency and as a
contractual instrument for bidding purposes. The document providing this
standardization, A Guide To Evaluating Pavement Distress Through The Use Of Video
Images , was developed in the late 1990s and made available to vendors bidding on
contract data collection.
To bring all pavement management elements into one computerized system, the Virginia
Highway Pavement Management Application (HPMA) has been under development
since the mid 1990s and now is well into implementation. The emphasis at this time is on
final software testing, conversion of the data to the formats required by the new software,
personnel hiring and training, development of standards and specifications, and the
institution of quality assurance activities. However, the program already provides useful
products. Pavement condition information is one such product. Dissemination of that
product throughout the agency is a major reason a 1998 condition report and the present
report were assembled. One of the uses of this information is to aid in the day-to-day
maintenance activities of the agency. Another value of disseminating this information is
to receive feedback from users on the PMP and its implementation. That feedback will be
used to identify and address changes that may enhance the continued successful PMP
implementation.
Exhibit R38 : Pavement Condition Definition
Index Scale
Pavement Condition
90 and above
70-89
Excellent
Good
Likelihood of
Corrective Action
Very Unlikely
Unlikely
60-69
50-59
49 and below
Fair
Poor
Very Poor
Possibly
Likely
Very Likely
Exhibits R39 – R41 summarize the condition of Virginia primary and interstate
pavements statewide by network using the criteria given in Exhibit R38. Exhibit R39
provides a statewide breakdown of all primary and interstate pavements by condition
class. Note that, by the criteria established earlier, some 73% of pavements are classed as
good to excellent while approximately 10% are considered deficient (poor and very poor
condition).
It may be helpful to consider that a 10% deficiency rating at a given point in time could
be taken to imply that roughly a 10-year resurfacing schedule applies. Recall that Exhibit
R39 represents over 25,000 lane miles of pavement, a large enough sample to support
some generalized conclusions.
Exhibits R40 and R41 summarize statewide pavement condition by interstate and primary
networks, respectively. These figures reflect similar condition classifications to Exhibit
R39 and serve only to show that interstate pavements are in slightly better overall
condition than those on the primary system. The interstate pavements are classified about
76% good to excellent and 9%
deficient
while those
on Network
the primary
system are 73% good
Figure
3 : Condition
of the
(2002)
to excellent and 11% deficient.
IS and Primary Pavements: Lane-Miles
% Network
50%
43.3%
40%
30%
29.3%
16.8%
20%
8.1%
10%
2.5%
0%
Excellent
Good
Fair
Poor
Very Poor
Pavement Condition
Exhibit R39. Condition of the Network (200 IS and Primary Pavements: Lane-Miles).
Figure 4 : Condition of IS Pavements (2002)
46.7%
% IS Network
50%
40%
30%
29.2%
20%
15.0%
10%
5.5%
3.6%
Poor
Very Poor
0%
Excellent
Good
Fair
Pavement Condition
Exhibit R40. Condition of IS Pavements
% Primary Network
Figure 5: Condition of Primary Pavements (2002)
50%
42.6%
40%
30%
29.4%
17.2%
20%
8.6%
10%
2.3%
0%
Excellent
Good
Fair
Poor
Very Poor
Pavement Condition
Exhibit R41. Condition of Primary Pavements
The lane mileages represented by Exhibits R40 and R41 are approximately 4,200 for
the interstate system and 20,900 for the primary. Pavement condition by district and
county is discussed in the following section.
Exhibit R42 provides a comprehensive breakdown of pavement condition for each of
the 9 districts. Again, pavements classified as poor and very poor are considered as
‘deficient’.
Figure 6 : Network Condition by District
%Network
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
1
Very Poor 2.0%
9.4%
Poor
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1.8%
0.5%
2.2%
3.9%
7.3%
0.7%
2.3%
2.2%
8.1%
3.4%
8.0%
8.4%
6.9% 10.0%
9.3%
9.5%
Fair
16.7% 16.6% 9.3%
15.8% 19.3% 17.0% 23.4% 16.1% 20.9%
Good
44.3% 47.4% 46.2% 47.8% 43.8% 33.3% 45.5% 41.3% 35.3%
Excellent
27.6% 26.1% 40.7% 26.3% 24.6% 35.6% 20.5% 30.9% 32.1%
Exhibit R42. Network Condition by District
The figure shows that there are some marked differences in pavement condition among
the districts. Note that the deficiency classification ranges from less than 4% of lanemiles in the Lynchburg district to over 14% in the Fredericksburg.
In Exhibit R43, pavements rated as deficient are given on a lane-mile basis for each
district. Because of large differences in inventory managed by the districts, the
distribution of needs looks somewhat different on a lane mile basis. Lynchburg still
shows the lowest need with 102 lane-miles. On the other hand, several districts are very
similar to each other at around 390 lane-miles.
There is no readily apparent explanation for the relatively better conditions of some
districts as compared to others. It may be possible to discern some reasons through
analysis of schedule expenditures or mileages over the past few years. Note that Exhibit
R43 includes pavements maintained by the VMSI. In Exhibit R44 VMSI lane miles have
been removed such that the deficient mileages shown are all state maintained.
Figure 7: Deficient Lane Miles by District (2002)
(Including VMSI Maintained Pavements)
Deficient Lane-Miles
500
391
386
400
389
343
307
281
300
234
223
200
102
100
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Districts
Exhibit R43. Deficient Lane Miles by District (Including VMSI Maintained
Pavements)
Figure 8 : Deficient
Lane-Miles by District (2002)
(Excluding VMSI Maintained Pavements)
Deficient Lane- Miles
500
400
389
356
343
332
295
281
300
234
223
200
102
100
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Districts
Exhibit R44. Deficient Lane-Miles by District (Excluding VMSI Maintained
Pavements)
Figure 9 : Deficient Lane-Miles based on LDR and NDR
Deficient Lane-Miles
500
400
300
200
100
0
Districts
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Both
1
18
3
5
12
56
11
18
24
LDR only
385
259
87
219
119
163
204
369
163
NDR only
0
30
12
167
150
124
8
2
47
Exhibit R45. Deficient Lane-Miles based on LDR and NDR
Deficient Lane-Miles
Exhibit R45 shows the distribution of the deficient lane-miles based on LDR or NDR
among the districts. It is quite apparent that the load related distresses (i.e. truck loads)
are the primary reasons for pavement distress throughout the whole state. Non-load
related distresses are mainly confined in districts 4, 5, and 6. These districts have the old
jointed concrete pavements that have been overlaid with asphalt. Reflection of joints due
to the movements of underlying slabs is the main reason for non-load related distresses in
these districts.
Figure 10 : Deficient Lane-Miles based on Route Type
500
400
300
200
100
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Primary
355
286
102
314
256
246
199
313
204
IS
31
21
0
77
25
97
24
76
30
Exhibit R46. Deficient Lane-Miles based on Route Type
Exhibit R46 shows the distribution of deficient pavements based on route type (i.e.
primary and interstate) among the districts. Districts 4, 6 and 8 have relatively higher
number of deficient lane-miles compared to the other districts. I-95 in districts 4 and 6
and I-81 in District 8 are the main contributors of deficient mileage in this category for
these districts. District 3 does not maintain any interstate.
Exhibit R47 is a map display of pavement condition by county. The map gives the
percentage of deficient pavements in each county within broad ranges as defined in the
map. The deficient lane-miles range from zero in several counties to over 20% in seven.
There are large variations between counties in every district so that there is no apparent
pattern to where high or low deficiencies occur.
Exhibit R47: Pavement Condition by County
Intermodal Facilities
There are 46 intermodal roadway facilities in Virginia, for a combined length of 36.1
miles. The intermodal facilities are detailed below in Exhibit R48.
Intermodal Facility
Newport
News/Williamsburg
Airport
Norfolk Intl. Airport
Roadway(s)
Bland Blvd. (Entrance to Jefferson Ave.)
Miles
0.5
Type
Airport
Norview Ave. (Entrance to I-64)
1.2
Airport
Richmond Intl. Airport
Fox Rd.(Entrance to Airport Dr.), Airport Dr (Fox
to Rt. 60), Rt.156 (Rt60 to I-64)
Aviation Rd. (Entrance to Rt 101)
2.3
Airport
0.8
Airport
Served by an existing NHS route
0
Airport
Roanoke Municipal Airport
Dulles Intl. Airport
Washington National
Airport
Port of Hampton Rds Lamberts Point
Port of Hampton - Newport
News Terminal
Rt. 233 (Entrance to Rt 1)
0.4
Airport
Orapax Rd. (Entrance to Raleigh Ave.), Raleigh
Ave (Orapax to S.R. 337)
25th St. (Entrance to Huntington), Huntington
Ave (25th to 26th), 26th Str. (Huntington to I-664)
25th St. (Entrance to Huntington), Huntington
(25th to 23rd), 23rd (Huntington to I-664)
Served by an existing NHS route
0.5
Port Terminal
0.4
Port Terminal
0
Port Terminal
Served by an existing NHS route
0
Port Terminal
1
Port Terminal
Alexandria Intermodal Norfolk Southern
Chesapeake Intermodal Norfolk Southern
Virginia Inland Port
Deep Water Rd. (Ent. to Connector), Connector
Rd. (DW Rd. to Comm.), Commerce Rd (Conn.
Rd to I-95)
Metro Rd (entrance to Van Dorn St), Van Dorn St
(Metro Rd to I-95)
Atlantic Ave. (Entrance to S.R.168), S.R. 168
(Atlantic to I-64)
Rt. 340 (Entrance to I-66)
0.7
AMTRAK/VRE/King St
Metro/Alex. Union Sta
Callahan Dr. (Entrance to King St.), King St.
(Callahan to U.S.101)
0.7
Amtrak/VRE/Frederiksburg
Station
Auto Train - Lorton Station
Princess Anne/Caroline Sts. to Dixon St to Rt 3 to
I-95
S.R 642 (Entrance to I-95)
3.7
VRE/Manassas broad
Run/Airport
Amtrak - Newport News
S.R.660 (Entrance to S.R. 28), S.R. 28 (S.R.660 to
proposed Rt. 234)
Rt. 60 (Entrance to rt. 17)
1.7
Entrance Rd. (Station to Rt. 33)
0.1
Express Dr. (Entrance to Rt. 687), Rt. 687
(Express Dr. to Rt. 1), Rt. 1 (Rt. 687 to Rt. 123)
5th Street (Entrance to I-64)
0.4
The Boulevard (Entrance to I-95)
0.4
Served by an existing NHS route
0
Served by an existing NHS route
0
Gallows rd. (Entrance to Route 29)
0.5
Kings Hwy/241 (Entrance to Route 1)
0.6
Metro Rd (Entrance to Van Dorn St.), Van Dorn
St. (Metro Rd to I-95). (Same as 12R)
0
Truck/Rail
Facility
Truck/Rail
Facility
Truck/Rail
Facility
Multipurpose
Passenger
Facility
AMTRAK
Station
AMTRAK
Station
Public Transit
Station
AMTRAK
Station
AMTRAK
Station
Public Transit
Station
Intercity Bus
Terminal
Intercity Bus
Terminal
Intercity Bus
Terminal
Public Transit
Station
Public Transit
Station
Public Transit
Station
Public Transit
Station
Port of Hampton Rds Norfolk Intl Term.
Port of Hampton Rds.Portsmouth Term.
Port of Richmond Deepwater Term.
Amtrak - Richmond Station
AMTRAK/VRE
Woodbridge Station
Greyhound Bus Station Charlottesville
Greyhound Bus Station Richmond
Greyhound Bus Station Roanoke
Ballston Metrorail
Dunn Loring Metrorail
Huntington Metrorail
Van Dorn Street Metrorail
0.5
2
2.1
0.2
0.4
2.1
Vienna Metrorail
Served by an existing NHS route
0
Haycock Rd. (Entrance to Route 7)
0.3
Served by an existing NHS route
0
Franconia/Springfield
Metrorail
Hampton Transportation
Center
Richmond Multi-Modal
Center
Franconia/Springfield Rd. (Entrance to Fairfax
County Parkway)
Pembroke Av. (Entrance to Armistead Av.),
Armistead Av. (Pembroke to Lasalle Av)
Served by an existing NHS route
3
Rolling Vallet Transit
Station
Dale City Transit Station
Old Keene Mill Rd. (Entrance to Fairfax County
Pkwy)
Dale City Blvd. (Entrance to I-95)
1.5
Horner Rd.Transit Station
Served by an existing NHS route
0
Entrance on Potomac Mills Cir. to Potomac Mills
Rd to Opitz Blvd to I-95
Served by an existing NHS route
0.5
Route 3 (Entrance to I-95)
1.7
Falmouth Transit Station
Served by an existing NHS route
0
Garrisonville Transit
Station
Stafford Transit Station
Rt. 684 (Entrance to Rt. 610), Rt. 610 (Rt. 684 to
I-95)
Rt. 30 (Entrance to I-95)
0.7
Served by an existing NHS route
0
Rt 649 (entrance to US 29)
0.8
West Falls Church
Metrorail
East Falls Church Metrorail
Potomac Mills Transit
Station
Rt. 123 (Gordon Blvd)
Transit Station
Route 3 Transit Station
Rt. 123 (Hechinger Lot)
Transit Station
Charlottesville-Albemarle
County Airport
1.1
0
3.2
0
0.1
Public Transit
Station
Public Transit
Station
Public Transit
Station
Public Transit
Station
Public Transit
Station
Multipurpose
Passenger
Facility
Public Transit
Station
Public Transit
Station
Public Transit
Station
Public Transit
Station
Public Transit
Station
Public Transit
Station
Public Transit
Station
Public Transit
Station
Public Transit
Station
Public Transit
Station
Airport
Exhibit R48. Virginia Roadway Intermodal Facilities. Source: Official NHS Intermodal
Connector Listing
The transportation network comprises more than roads. VDOT also is responsible for:




More than 12,603 bridges.
Four underwater crossings in the Hampton Roads area: the mid-town and
downtown Elizabeth River tunnels, the Hampton Roads Bridge-Tunnel on
Interstate 64 and the Monitor-Merrimac Memorial Bridge-Tunnel on Interstate
664.
Two mountain tunnels on Interstate 77 in Southwest Virginia: East River and Big
Walker.
Three toll roads: Northern Virginia's Dulles Toll Road and the Powhite Parkway
Extension and Pocahontas Parkway in the Richmond area.





One toll bridge: The George P. Coleman Bridge carries Rt. 17 traffic over the
York River between historic Yorktown and Gloucester County. Tolls are
collected in the northbound direction only.
Four ferry services: Jamestown, Sunnybank, Merry Point, and Hatton (seasonal).
Forty-one rest areas and ten Welcome Centers along major highways.
107 commuter parking lots.
High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Lanes
Bridges
Summary statistics on the bridges in Virginia, and their respective conditions, are shown
in Exhibits R49 through R66.
State
Total
Interstate
& State
Bridges
Total
*SD/FO
%
Virginia
11,498
2,662
23%
Total
City/
County/
Township
Bridges
1,057
Total
*SD/FO
261
%
Total
All
Bridges
Combined
Total
*SD/FO
%
25%
12,555
2,923
23%
Exhibit R49. Summary Table of Virginian Bridges. (SD/FO = Structurally Deficient or
Functionally Obsolete). Source: http://www.betterroads.com/articles/bridgeinv02.htm
Number of Bridges on File
14,248
Interstate On
2,304
(Interstate Under)
763
US Highway On
650
Federal Lands Road On
227
State Lands Road On
6
Other Road On
190
Number of Structurally Deficient Bridges
1,189
Number of Functionally Obsolete Bridges
2,229
Exhibit R50. Virginia NBI Report 2002. Source: NBI Report, 2002.
http://www.nationalbridgeinventory.com/nbi_report_200246.htm
Structurally Deficient
Functionally Obsolete
Interstate
46
171
US Highway
190
323
State Highway
138
314
County Highway
723
1208
City Street
62
144
Fed Land Rd
19
41
State Land Rd
0
3
Other
11
25
Exhibit R51. Condition of Bridges by Road Type. Source: NBI Report, 2002.
http://www.nationalbridgeinventory.com/nbi_report_200246.htm
Bridges over Waterways
10,792
Scour Critical Bridges
97
Routes On Structure
13,644
Routes Under Structure
3,368
Bridges on National Register of Historic
7
Places
Bridges with Missing Latitude/Longitude
1,168
Data
Exhibit R52. Bridge Statistics. Source: NBI Report, 2002.
http://www.nationalbridgeinventory.com/nbi_report_200246.htm
> 100 years
40
<= 100 and > 75 years
406
<= 75 and > 50 years
3,096
<= 50 and > 25 years
6,412
<= 25 and > 10 years
2,824
<= 10 years
1,464
Unknown
6
Exhibit R53. Age of Bridge Structures. Source: NBI Report, 2002.
http://www.nationalbridgeinventory.com/nbi_report_200246.htm
Roadway Improvement Cost
$822,600,000
Bridge Improvement Cost
$4,635,315,000
Total Improvement Cost
$6,074,697,000
Exhibit R54. Improvement Costs. Source: NBI Report, 2002.
http://www.nationalbridgeinventory.com/nbi_report_200246.htm
State Highway Agency
12,162
County Highway Agency
83
Town Highway Agency
47
Municipal Agency
954
Other State Agency
2
Other Local Agency
7
Private (Other than Railroad)
53
Railroad
57
Local Toll Authority
69
Other Federal Agency
3
Bureau of Fish and Wildlife
1
U.S. Forest Service
18
National Park Service
150
Corps of Engineers (Civil)
13
Unknown
1
Exhibit R55. Bridge Maintenance Responsibility. Source: NBI Report, 2002.
http://www.nationalbridgeinventory.com/nbi_report_200246.htm
RURAL
Principal Arterial - Interstate
1,105
Principal Arterial - Other
817
Minor Arterial
946
Major Collector
2,235
Minor Collector
626
Local
4,524
URBAN
Principal Arterial - Interstate
1,195
Principal Arterial - Freeways/Expressways 360
Other Principal Arterial
628
Minor Arterial
762
Collector
403
Local
578
Temporary structures or conditions
36
Exhibit R56. Function Classification of Bridges. Source: NBI Report, 2002.
http://www.nationalbridgeinventory.com/nbi_report_200246.htm
Open, No Restriction
12,108
Open, Posting recommended but not
legally implemented (all signs not in place
or not correctly implemented)
6
Open, would be posted or closed except for
temporary shoring, etc. to allow for
unrestricted traffic
16
Open, temporary structure in place to carry
legal loads while original structure is
closed and awaiting replacement or
rehabilitation
3
Bridge closed to all traffic
1
Posted for load (may include other
restrictions such as temporary bridges
which are load posted)
1,409
Posted for other load-carrying restriction
(speed, number of vehicles on bridge, etc.)
79
Exhibit R57. Bridge Structure Posting. Source: NBI Report, 2002.
http://www.nationalbridgeinventory.com/nbi_report_200246.htm
MATERIAL
Concrete
5,198
Concrete continuous
306
Steel
6,254
Steel continuous
1,153
Prestressed concrete
1,063
Prestressed concrete continuous
68
Wood or Timber
83
Masonry
20
Aluminum,Wrought Iron or Cast Iron
39
Other
59
DESIGN
Slab
1,582
Stringer/Multi-beam or Girder
6,963
Girder and Floorbeam System
170
Tee Beam
1,004
Box Beam or Girders - Multiple
259
Box Beam or Girders - Single or Spread
17
Frame (except frame culverts)
156
Truss - Deck
19
Truss -Thru
191
Arch - Deck
182
Arch - Thru
22
Stayed Girder
1
Moveable - Lift
4
Moveable - Bascule
6
Moveable - Swing
9
Tunnel
15
Culvert (includes frame culvert)
3,591
Mixed Types
16
Segmental Box Girder
7
Channel Beam
1
Other
24
Exhibit R58. Bridge Material and Design Types. Source: NBI Report, 2002.
http://www.nationalbridgeinventory.com/nbi_report_200246.htm
Bridge Railings
5,292
Transitions
6,062
Approach Guardrail
5,567
Approach Guardrail Ends
5,952
Exhibit R59. Bridges with Safety Features not meeting Current Standards. Source: NBI
Report, 2002. http://www.nationalbridgeinventory.com/nbi_report_200246.htm
Highway
Railroad
Pedestrian-Bicycle
Highway-Railroad
12,516
384
63
3
Highway-Pedestrian
899
Overpass structure at an interchange or
337
second level of a multilevel interchange
Third Level (Interchange)
15
Building or Plaza
2
Other
24
Type of Service UNDER Bridge
Highway, with or without pedestrian
2,607
Railroad
546
Pedestrian-Bicycle
33
Highway-Railroad
154
Waterway
10,469
Highway-Waterway
177
Railroad-Waterway
88
Highway-Waterway-Railroad
51
Relief for Waterway
7
Other
110
Exhibit R60. Type of Service, ON/UNDER Bridge. Source: NBI Report, 2002.
http://www.nationalbridgeinventory.com/nbi_report_200246.htm
Total Length of All Bridges
420.21 Miles
Average Daily Traffic on Interstate Bridges 38,601
Exhibit R61. Bridge Statistics. Source: NBI Report, 2002.
http://www.nationalbridgeinventory.com/nbi_report_200246.htm
Bridges with Intolerable Structural
391
Evaluation
Bridges with Intolerable Deck Geometry
2,666
Bridges with Intolerable Vert and Horiz
447
Underclearance
Bridges with Intolerable Waterway
144
Adequacy
Bridges with Intolerable Approach
331
Roadway Alignment
Exhibit R62. Bridge Appraisal Ratings. Source: NBI Report, 2002.
http://www.nationalbridgeinventory.com/nbi_report_200246.htm
Replacement of bridge or other structure 2,301
because of substandard load carrying
capacity or substandard bridge roadway
geometry
Replacement of bridge or other structure 13
because of relocation of road
Widening of existing bridge or other major 363
structure without deck rehabilitation or
replacement; includes culvert lengthening
Widening of existing bridge with deck
365
rehabilitation or replacement
Bridge rehabilitation because of general
1,495
structure deterioration or inadequate
strength
Bridge deck rehabilitation with only
35
incidental widening
Bridge deck replacement with only
29
incidental widening
Other structural work, including hydraulic
541
replacements
Total Length of Structure Improvements
1,401,840.9 ft.
Exhibit R63. Type of Work Proposed on Bridges. Source: NBI Report, 2002.
http://www.nationalbridgeinventory.com/nbi_report_200246.htm
Bridges with Fracture Critical Details
355
Bridges Requiring Underwater Inspection
657
Bridges Requiring Other Special Inspection 141
Exhibit R64. Bridge Critical Feature Inspections. Source: NBI Report, 2002.
http://www.nationalbridgeinventory.com/nbi_report_200246.htm
Concrete Cast-in_Place
7,302
Concrete Precast Panels
321
Open Grating
12
Closed Grating
1
Steel Plate (includes orthotropic)
16
Corrugated Steel
23
Aluminum
4
Wood or Timber
2,293
Other
150
Exhibit R65. Bridge Deck Structure Types. Source: NBI Report, 2002.
http://www.nationalbridgeinventory.com/nbi_report_200246.htm
SR >= 80
7,879
SR < 80 and >= 50
4,490
SR < 50
1,879
Exhibit R66. Bridge Sufficiency Ratings. Source: NBI Report, 2002.
http://www.nationalbridgeinventory.com/nbi_report_200246.htm
Toll Facilities
Exhibit R67. Virginia Toll Facilities
Exhibit R67 shows the locations of the toll facilities. Virginia has several toll facilities,
located in Northern Virginia, Central Virginia and Hampton Roads, including the new
Chesapeake Expressway to the Outer Banks.
Smart Tag, an automated toll collection system that allows motorists to pay without
stopping at the toll booths, is available on the Dulles Toll Road, Dulles Greenway,
George P. Coleman Bridge, the Powhite Parkway, Powhite Parkway Extension, the
Richmond Downtown Expressway, and Pocahontas Parkway.
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
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Dulles Toll Road (Route 267) - Northern Virginia/Fairfax County:
The 14-mile highway stretches from the Capital Beltway west to Dulles
International Airport. Operated by the Virginia Department of Transportation
(VDOT).
Dulles Greenway - Northern Virginia/Loudoun County:
The 14 mile road connects to the Dulles Toll Road at Route 28 at the Dulles
International Airport and extends west to Route 15 at Leesburg. The toll is $2.25
if you access the Greenway from the Dulles Toll Road ($1.85 on weekends), and
ranges from $1.50 to $1.90 from other access points. There is a 10 cents discount
for Smart Tag users.
Downtown Expressway, Powhite Parkway & Extension (Routes 195 & 76):
The 16-mile highway network extends from Interstate 95 and Interstate 195 in
Richmond into central Chesterfield County. Tolls range from 15¢ to $1.50,
depending on vehicle size and toll collection location. The Downtown
Expressway and Powhite Parkway are operated by the Richmond Metropolitan
Authority. The Powhite Parkway Extension is operated by VDOT.
Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel (Route 13):
The 23-mile bridge and tunnel structure stretches across the bay to connect
Virginia's Eastern Shore to Virginia Beach. Tolls vary depending on vehicle size
from $10 for passenger vehicles up to $30 for tractor-trailer trucks. Operated by
the Chesapeake Bay Bridge and Tunnel District.
George P. Coleman Bridge (Route 17):
This one-mile bridge carries Rt. 17 traffic over the York River between historic


Yorktown and Gloucester County. The tolls listed below are collected in the
northbound direction only.
Chesapeake Expressway (Route 168):
The Chesapeake Expressway is the new Route 168, a fast and convenient fourlane divided highway linking interstate 64 in Chesapeake to North Carolina and
the Outer Banks.
Pocahontas Parkway (Route 895):
This 8.8-mile roadway including a high-level bridge over the James River
connects I-95 at Chippenham Parkway in Chesterfield County to I-295 near
Richmond International Airport in Henrico County.
Source: http://www.virginiadot.org/comtravel/faq-toll.asp
Source: http://www.virginiadot.org/projects/constrich-895.asp
Ferry Services
The Jamestown-Scotland Ferry is the only 24-hour state-run ferry operation in Virginia.
The Virginia Department of Transportation took over operation of the ferry in 1945 and
has over 90 employees keeping it on schedule. Four ferry boats, the "Pocahontas," the
"Williamsburg," the "Surry," and the "Virginia," carry passengers across the river.
Source: http://www.virginiadot.org/comtravel/ferry-jamestown.asp
Rest Areas and Welcome Centers
Exhibit R68. Rest Areas and Welcome Centers. Source:
http://www.virginiadot.org/comtravel/map-rest-area.asp
The 41 rest areas and welcome centers in Virginia are shown in Exhibit R68.
Exhibit R69 shows information on Licensed Drivers, Registered Vehicles, Gasoline
Consumption, State Population, and VMT in Virginia.
Exhibit R69. Motor Vehicle Statistics in Virginia (1966-2001). Source: Virginia
Department of Motor Vehicles, http://www.dmv.state.va.us/webdoc/pdf/tss03.pdf
Bicycling
Many people are interested in bicycling through the beautiful Shenandoah National Park
on the 105-mile long Skyline Drive. Linking Shenandoah National Park to the Great
Smoky Mountains National Park, the Blue Ridge Parkway takes travelers through
Virginia's 214 miles of the Blue Ridge Mountains. Visitors centers and designated
campsites are located along both routes.
The National Park Service and the Virginia Tourism Corporation have information on
these attractions and their fees.
Northern Virginia presents many bicycling opportunities:



The 17-mile Mount Vernon Trail offers a variety of places to visit, including
George Washington's home on the Potomac River. A pamphlet describing the
route is available from the National Park Service.
The Northern Virginia Regional Park Authority maintains many miles of biking,
hiking, horseback, jogging, and nature trails of varying lengths in the Washington
and Old Dominion Railroad Regional Park. A trail guide detailing the 45-mile
linear park may be purchased from NVRPA.
Arlington County, next door to exciting Washington, D.C., has miles of on- and
off-road trails. These are detailed on a map available from the county.
The Fredericksburg Old Town area, traversed by historic figures and soldiers of the Civil
War, may be toured on three, five, and 20-mile routes. Information on the area is
available from the Fredericksburg Visitor Center. Route guides are available from the
Fredericksburg Cyclists.
The 22-mile long Colonial Parkway joins Jamestown, Williamsburg, and Yorktown.
Jamestown Island has pleasant three-mile and five-mile nature trail loops; an entry fee is
charged. Sections of the restored city of Colonial Williamsburg are accessible only to
bicyclists and pedestrians, making sightseeing more enjoyable. The Yorktown Battlefield
was the scene of the 1781 surrender of General Cornwallis, marking the end of British
rule in the colonies.
Virginia's Eastern Shore offers quiet backcountry roads connecting villages, marshlands,
farms, and beaches. Birdwatchers will enjoy the variety of fowl populating the peninsula.
Bicyclists can observe many varieties of wildlife while riding the trails in the
Chincoteague National Wildlife Refuge and on Assateague Island National Seashore.
Virginia has state parks in the Blue Ridge mountains, the hilly Piedmont area, and the flat
coastal plains. Some parks, including Chippokes Plantation, Pocahontas, and Seashore
State Parks, offer special biking trails. The New River Trail State Park, running through
57 miles of beautiful southwestern Virginia, is a preferred trail of mountain bike
enthusiasts. Camping and travel information on the parks is available from the Virginia
Department of Conservation and Recreation.
The eastern portion of the state features many rivers and bays. Several major river
crossings are prohibited to bicyclists:
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



James River Bridge at Newport News (Rte 17/32).
Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel (Rte 13).
Hampton Roads Bridge-Tunnel (I-64).
Nice Bridge leading to Maryland (Rte 301).
Monitor-Merrimac Memorial Bridge Tunnel across Hampton Roads (I-664).
The James River can be crossed by taking a pleasant one-half hour ferry ride between
Jamestown and Scotland.
An alternative to crossing the Hampton Road Bridge Tunnel is the HarborLink ferry that
connects Hampton and Norfolk.
Bicyclists can cross the Chesapeake Bay on seasonal tour boats operating between
Reedville and Onancock, with stops on Tangier and Smith Islands.
Scenic Byways
Currently, there are about 2,600 miles of roads designated as Virginia Byways, yet
several hundred more miles of Commonwealth roadway could qualify. To help showcase
Virginia for the 400th anniversary of the Jamestown settlement, the Virginia Department
of Transportation and the Commonwealth Transportation Board, are encouraging local
governments to nominate roads for byway designation.
The purpose of the Virginia Byways Program is to recognize road corridors containing
aesthetic or cultural value near areas of historical, natural or recreational significance. By
designating certain roads as Virginia Byways and widely distributing "A Map of Scenic
Roads in Virginia," the program encourages travel to interesting destinations and away
from high-traffic corridors. Byways also stimulate local economies by attracting visitors
to lesser-known destinations.
People like to explore. The 2000 Virginia Outdoors Survey, conducted by Virginia's
Department of Conservation and Recreation (DCR), finds that driving for pleasure is the
second most popular outdoor activity, with over 64% of the population participating. By
following the highlighted byways on the state transportation map and the scenic roads
map, visitors are directed to places where they can tour wineries, explore Civil War battle
sites and historical attractions, view beautiful scenery and enjoy recreational resources.
Once designated, a byway becomes part of the coordinated promotional strategy for
Virginia tourism.
Byway designation might limit placement of outdoor advertising signs. It does not affect
land use controls. It does not limit road improvements.
Per Virginia Code, "Virginia Byway" means those highways designated by the CTB
pursuant to articles §33.1-62 through §33.1-66. The Virginia Outdoors Plan, from DCR,
identifies roads that have been considered as "consensus" Virginia Byways for many
years. In addition, there are other roads that meet the criteria for designation.
To be considered, a segment of road must substantially meet the following criteria:
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

The route provides important scenic values and experiences.
There is a diversity of experiences, as in transition from one landscape scene to
another.
The route links together or provides access to scenic, historic, recreational,
cultural, natural and archeological elements.



The route bypasses major roads or provides opportunity to leave high-speed
routes for variety and leisure in motoring. o Landscape control or management
along the route is feasible.
The route allows for additional features that will enhance the motorist's
experience and improve safety.
Local government(s) has/have initiated zoning or other land-use controls, so as to
reasonably protect the aesthetic and cultural value of the highway.
The steps to designate a road as a Virginia Byway are:
1. Anyone can request byway designation, but local governments must adopt
a resolution of support.
2. Upon receipt of a request from an interested party/local government,
VDOT and DCR collect information on local zoning laws, traffic volumes
and accident reports before evaluating the roads according to the criteria.
3. Based on a joint review according to the criteria, the DCR Director
recommends qualifying roads for consideration by the Commonwealth
Transportation Board.
4. Before the CTB acts, VDOT offers (records it's willingness) to hold a
public hearing with the local government. If a public hearing is requested,
VDOT will conduct the hearing with participation from DCR and VDOT's
Environmental Division.
5. After the public hearing, or if no hearing was requested, DCR forwards the
recommendation of qualifying routes to the Transportation Commissioner
for submission to the CTB.
6. The CTB officially designates the Byways at their next scheduled
meeting. Subsequently, signs are posted, and changes are made to the
appropriate maps.
Source: http://virginiadot.org/infoservice/faq-byways.asp
HOV Lanes
Exhibits R70 and R71 describe HOV lanes in the Hampton Roads area and Northern
Virginia, respectively. HOV facilities on I-95/395 are restricted to 3+ persons per vehicle.
All others are 2+.
Exhibit R70. Hampton Road HOV Lanes
Hampton Roads HOV Lanes
To
Length mi
Section #
Route
From
Type
Status
1&1A
I-564
1.1 mi w Terminal Blvd
I-64
2
Concurrent Operational
2
I-64
Granby Street
I-264
7
Barrier 2Ln Operational
3&4
I-64
I-264
Battlefield Blvd
7
Concurrent Operational
5
I-264
Rosemont Rd
I-64
7
*Concurrent Operational
6
I-264
I-64
Brambleton Ave
4
Concurrent Operational
7
I-64
Battlefield Blvd
I-464
1
Concurrent
8
I-64**
Jefferson Ave
Mac Gruder Blvd
8
Concurrent Operational
Planned
Restricted periods are 6 to 8Am and 4-6 PM
* Shoulder becomes 3rd conventional lane during restricted period
** I-64 on Peninsula side of Hampton Roads the HOV lanes in this section operate
in both directions during both am and pm restricted periods
I-66 inside Beltway
I-66 outside Beltway
I-95
I-395
Dulles Toll Road
20.8 miles (10.4 miles of 2 exclusive reversible lanes)
17 miles (17 miles of 1 concurrent lane)
34.6 miles (17.3 miles of 2 reversible lanes)
20 miles (10 miles of 2 reversible lanes)
24.3 miles (24.3 miles of 1 concurrent lane)
Exhibit R71. Northern Virginia HOV Lane Miles