CBR DEFENSE SMART CARD
1. Chemical Detection Equipment
ACAA - M8, M256A1, CAM, M21, M8, M9, ACADA - M22,
ICAM
compatibility with all interfacing equipment, longer wear, and
washability.
Chemical Agent Automatic Alarm - M8A1 is a nerve agent
alarm. The system consists of the M43A1 detector, as many as
five M42 alarm units and various power supplies.
Protective Mask – MCU/2P mask protects against CB agents,
radioactive fallout particles, and battlefield contaminants. It has
a silicone face piece, one-piece lens system, voicemitter, drink
tube, clear and tinted inserts and standard thread filter canister.
Chemical Agent Detector Kit - M256A1 Chemical Agent
Detection Kit is designed to detect and identify blood (AC &
CK), blister (H, HN, HD, CX, L), and nerve (V & G series)
agents and consists of a carrying case, 12 sampler-detectors,
instruction cards, and M8 paper.
Battle Dress Overgarment - BDO is a camouflage,
expendable, two-piece overgarment. It protects for 24 hours
against chemical agent vapors, liquid droplets, biological
agents, and radioactive particles. Max wear time is 30 days in
an uncontaminated environment.
Chemical Agent Monitor - CAM is used to locate
contamination, specifically nerve and blister agents. It is a
battery operated, portable point monitoring system. It cannot
realistically assess the vapor hazard over an area from one
point. It weighs 8.6 pounds.
Chemical Protective Overgarment – CPO is a olive drab,
expendable, two-piece overgarment. It protects for 6 hours
against chemical agent vapors, liquid droplets, biological
agents, and radioactive particles. Max wear time is 30 days or
100 hours in an uncontaminated environment.
Chemical Agent Detector Paper - M8 is chemically treated,
dye impregnated paper. It detects liquid V and G (nerve), and
H (blister) CW agents. It does not detect vapors or agents in
water. Exposure to liquid insecticides, antifreeze and
petroleum products may cause false readings.
Chemical Protective Glove Set - Glove Set consists of an
outer butyl rubber glove and an inner cotton insert.
Green/Black Vinyl Overboot - GVO/BVO is a plain olive drab
vinyl green overshoe with elastic fasteners. It protects against
CBR agents, rain, mud, or snow. The BVO is very similar
except it is black with enlarged tabs on each elastic fastener.
Chemical Agent Detector Paper - M9 detector paper detects
the presence of liquid chemical agents (nerve & blister), but
does not identify the specific agent or its type. M9 paper
reacts to CW agents by turning a reddish color. The paper can
be attached with an adhesive back.
Chemical Protective Footwear Cover - CPFC are
impermeable and have unsupported butyl rubber soles and
uppers. Two variations are fielded; one with a single heel flap
and the other with the newer fishtail doubled heel flap.
Automatic Chemical Agent Detection Alarm ACADA-M22
The M22 is an advanced, point-sampling, chemical agent alarm
system. It detects standard nerve and vesicant agents.
Simplified Collective Protection Equipment - M20A1 - SCPE
consists of an expandable liner, blower/motor assembly,
protective entrance, support kit, and extra liners. It is
lightweight and mobile allowing for the conversion of existing
structures into protected command and control centers.
Improved Chemical Agent Monitor - ICAM merges two
improvements to the CAM. These improvements are a modular
design and an updated electronics board. The modular design
significantly reduces repair time.
4. Decontamination Equipment
M13, M11, M291 / M295 – DK, M17 – LDS, M12A1, DS2, HTH,
STB
2. Radiological Detection Equipment
AN/PDR 27, AN/PDR 43, CP-95, DT 60, IM 143,
Portable Decontamination Apparatus - M13 is used to
decontaminate vehicles and crew served weapons larger than
.50 caliber. It is about the size of a 5-gallon gasoline can and
comes pre-filled with 14 liters of DS2. Decon capability is 1200
square feet.
AN/PDR-27 Provides radioactivity detection in the lower
ranges. Designed to detect beta and measure and detect
gamma nuclear radiation. Also used to monitor low level
radiation contamination on personnel, supplies, and equipment.
Portable Decontamination Apparatus - M11 decontaminates
small areas that personnel must touch. It is a steel container
with an aluminum spray-head assembly and a nitrogen gas
cylinder that provides pressure. It's filled with 1-1/3 quarts of
DS2, enough to cover 135 square feet.
AN/PDR-43 Provides detection of radioactivity in the high
range. It is designed to detect beta radiation and measure and
detect gamma nuclear radiation. Used in surveys.
3. Protection Equipment
JSLIST, MCU/2P, BDO, CPO, Glove Set, GVO/BVO, CPFC,
M20A1 – SCPE
Skin / Equipment Decontamination Kits - M291 - SDK and
M295 Decon kit, Eqpt is used for skin and equipment
decontamination. It is non-toxic, eliminating the need for inert
trainers. The M295 is a larger version in a mitten form for
decon of individual equipment.
Joint Service Lightweight Integrated Suit – JSLIST - The
JSLIST program is a four service effort to field a common
chemical protective ensemble including a suit, gloves, and
boots. Program objectives include reduced heat stress,
1
CBR DEFENSE SMART CARD
space movements to the decontamination site apart, to prevent a
concentration of vehicles in one place.
Lightweight Decontamination System - M17 - LDS is
portable, lightweight, and consists of a combined pump and
heater unit, 1500 gallon collapsible rubberized tank, and
personal shower unit.
Thorough Decon
Used to reduce or eliminate the need for individual protective clothing.
Thorough decon is carried out to reduce contamination on personnel,
equipment/material, and/or working areas to the lowest possible level
(negligible risk). This permits the reduction or removal of individual
protective equipment and maintains operations with the least
degradation. There are two thorough decon techniques that Seabees
use:
Power Driven Decontamination Apparatus M12A1 is power
driven and includes a pump unit, heater unit, 500-gallon tank
unit, and personal shower unit.
Decontamination Solution - DS2 is effective against all known
chemical and biological agents except bacterial spores. It is
issued in 1-1/3 quart cans (M11), 14-liter containers (M13), and
5-gallon containers. It is also extremely corrosive.
1. Detailed troop decon (DTD) (as METT-T allows)
2. Detailed equipment decon (DED) (as METT-T allows)
6. SURVEY and MARKING
M249 Marking kit Marking Requirements, Point, Route, Area
Calcium Hypochlorite - HTH is a decontaminant that is used
only when STB is not available. It is effective against lewisite,
V agents, and all biological materials including bacterial spores.
HTH ignites on contact with liquid mustard agent or DS2.
M249 Marking Kit (contains)
BIO – Blue background/Red letters
CHEM- Yellow Background/Red letters
ATOM – White background/Black letters
Marking tape
Marking Stakes
Crayon (throw away and use china marker)
STB - Super Tropical Bleach STB is effective against lewisite,
V & G agents, and biological agents. It ignites on contact with
liquid mustard agent or DS2.
5. DECON LEVELS
Immediate, Operational, Through
Marking Requirements.
Unless otherwise instructed, use only the M249 marking kit. As a
minimum, write on the signs the following information:
Immediate decon Stops agents from penetrating. Immediate
decontamination consists of skin decon, personnel and individual
equipment wipe down, and operator's spray down.
(1) DTG of survey
(2) Type of agent detected (chemical/biological only), or "UNK" if
unknown.
(3) Radiation dose rate (nuclear only).
a. Skin decon is an individual Seabee task and should start before 1
minute passes after the end of the chemical attack. Use either the
M258A1 or M291 skin decon kit for this task.
Place signs approximately 100 meters apart, or closer, if one cannot
see adjacent signs from the current position. Lay yellow tape across
any road, trail or other avenue of approach into a contaminated area
and mark the tape with an NBC warning sign.
Personal wipe down and operator's spray down are collective crew
tasks; begin these tasks within 15 minutes after the end of a chemical
attack.
Point Survey – Specific point or points. Conducted mounted or
unmounted.
(1) Personal wipe down removes or neutralizes contamination from the
hood, mask, gloves, and personal weapon.
(2) Use the skin decon kit to conduct personal wipe down for
chemical/biological contamination.
(3) For radiological contamination, wipe it off with a cloth, or brush or
shake it away.
(4) Operator's spray down removes or neutralizes contamination from
the surfaces of major equipment (i.e., crew-served weapons) that
operators frequently touch to perform their mission.
Route Survey - Specific route. Conducted mounted or unmounted.
Area Survey – Detailed time consuming survey. Best conducted
mounted.
= Checkpoints in survey
(a) Use the M13 decon apparatus (DAP) for chemical or
biological contamination.
(b) For radiological contamination, brush or scrape away the
contamination and flush the surface with water.
Operational Decon
Offers possible temporary relief from MOPP 4, and it limits liquid agent
spread; this allows the force to fight longer and sustain its mission
while contaminated.
Route
survey
Consists of MOPP gear exchange and vehicle wash down (supported
by the battalion powered decon equipment crew). Begin these tasks
within 6 hours after the end of a chemical attack.
Area Survey
Works best with platoon-sized units. Whenever it is necessary to
decontaminate a company or the battalion all at once, the COC must
2
CBR DEFENSE SMART CARD

7. SIX TYPES OF CHEMICAL AGENTS
Nerve Agents, Blister Agents, Blood Agents, Choking Agents,
Vomiting Agents, Tear Agents
Enemy troops wearing or carrying protective equipment.
CBR recon elements observed with conventional recon units.

CBR decon elements moved forward.
MOPP LEVEL 3 : CBR weapons have already been employed in the
theater and attack is considered probable in the immediate future.
Indicators are:

CBR attack in progress but not in area of operation.

CBR warnings/signals to enemy troops.

CBR munitions delivered to firing units within range of friendly
forces.

Movement of surface-to-surface missiles to a launch site.
MOPP LEVEL 4 : CBR attack is imminent

CHEMICAL AGENTS: (NOT ALL-INCLUSIVE)
NONPERSISTENT AGENTS
- SIGNIFICANT DOWNWIND VAPOR HAZARD
- LIMITED GROUND CONTAMINATION
- GROUND BURST MUNITIONS (OFF-TARGET ATTACKS)
- PRIMARY USE: TO CAUSE CASUALTIES & DEGRADE
CAPABILITIES
NAME
PROTECT
DETECTION
FIRST AID
NERVE AGENTS
G-NERVE
MOPP 4
M256, M8A1, CAM,
NAAK
ODOR, M8/M9 PAPER
BLOOD AGENTS
AC & CK
MASK
M256, ODOR
NONE
ONLY
CHOKING AGENTS
PHOSGENE/
MASK
ODOR
NONE
DIPHOSGENE
ONLY
9. Chemical/biological Defense Procedures
Before, During, After
Actions before chemical/biological attack:
Determine appropriate MOPP levels. Cover the rations and water
supplies to prevent contamination. Place tools and equipment into
plastic bags or cover them with a poncho.
Actions during a chemical/biological attack:
Go to MOPP IV. Take Cover. Give the appropriate alarm. Continue
the mission.
PERSISTENT AGENTS
- SIGNIFICANT GROUND CONTAMINATION
- LIMITED DOWNWIND VAPOR HAZARD
- AIR BURST MUNITIONS
- PRIMARY USE: TO DENY TERRAIN AND SHAPE THE
BATTLEFIELD
NAME
PROTECT
DETECTION
FIRST AID
NERVE AGENTS
V-NERVE
MOPP 4
M256, M8A1, CAM,
NAAK
ODOR, M8/M9 PAPER
BLISTER AGENTS
MUSTARD &
MOPP 4
M256, CAM, ODOR,
NONE
LEWISITE
M8/M9 PAPER
PHOSGENE
MOPP4
M256, CAM, M8/M9
NONE
OXIME
PAPER
Actions after a chemical/biological attack (within the first hour):
Treat and decontaminate casualties immediately. Receive and submit
(within 3 minutes) initial NBC1 chemical reports (using flash
precedence). Detection teams will determine the type and extent of
contamination and mark as required. Report location of contamination
to higher HQ. Conduct immediate decontamination, if necessary.
Request resupply of necessary CBR equipment.
After a chemical attack, personnel will not unmask until authorized to
do so by the COC. Before the "all clear" can be given, perform the
following procedures:
With a (M256) kit present:
(1) At least two (2) kits are used to determine if agents are present in
the area. If two (2) different readings are found use a third kit.
8. MOPP levels are as follows:
MOPP OVERGARMENTS OVERBOOTS
MASK
0
1
2
3
4
Carried
Carried
Carried
Worn*
Worn
Carried
Worn*
Worn*
Worn*
Worn*
Carried
Carried
Worn
Worn
Worn
(2) After determining no chemical agent is present, select two (2) or
three (3) personnel of different sizes to unmask for five minutes. After
five minutes the selected personnel will remask and are observed for
ten minutes in a shady area.
GLOVES NAAK1
Carried
Carried
Carried
Carried
Worn
Carried**
Carried**
Carried**
Carried**
Carried**
(3) If no symptoms appear it is safe to assume the remaining
personnel may unmask. However, they must remain alert for the
appearance of chemical agent symptoms.
* Worn open or closed based on the temperature.
** NAAK1 kits stored inside mask carrier.
With out a (M256) kit:
MOPP levels do not take into consideration any protection other than
the protective equipment worn by the individual.
(1) Select two (2) or three (3) personnel of different sizes. Have them
take a deep breath, hold it, keep their eyes open and break the seal on
their mask for 15 seconds. They then clear and seal the mask and are
observed for ten minutes.
At a minimum, units deploy in MOPP level 0. If the intelligence
situation indicates a likely use of chemical weapons, soldiers should
be in MOPP 2 before the first use of chemical agents.
(2) After the ten minutes, have these same personnel break the seal
on their mask and take two or three breaths of air and reseal their
mask. Observe these personnel for another ten minutes.
MOPP LEVEL 0: No anticipated threat
MOPP LEVEL 1: The opposing force possesses CBR warfare agents
and delivery systems, the threat of use is minimal
MOPP LEVEL 2:. Employment of CBR weapons is considered
probable. Indicators would be:

CBR munitions deployed to field storage sites.
(3) After this ten-minute period if no symptoms appear, the same
personnel unmask for five minutes. After the five minutes, they will
remask and are observed for another ten minutes. If no symptoms
occur it is safe to assume that all other personnel may unmask.
3
CBR DEFENSE SMART CARD
However, all personnel must remain alert for the appearance of
chemical agent symptoms.
Detailed Troop Decon (DTD)
11. Nuclear Defense Procedures:
Three Lines
Actions before a nuclear strike:
(1) Warn all and any unit within the attack area.
(2) If time permits, improve defensive positions to provide maximum
protection.
(3) Place food and water supplies in deep, covered holes. if time
permits. If time does not permit, place a tarp cover over food and
water.
(4) Conduct radiological monitoring operations IAW FM 3-3, Chapter 3.
(5) Cover and disconnect communications equipment and disconnect
them from antennas, to protect from Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP).
(6) Secure all equipment (i.e. electronic equipment, ammo, water,
etc.).
Actions during a nuclear strike:
(1) Take no more than one step to seek cover.
(2) Drop to the ground with head facing the blast and feet together,
hands and weapons under the body, and eyes closed.
(3) Remain down until the blast wave has passed the second time and
debris has stopped falling.
(4) Count the flash to bang time using a count of one thousand, two
one thousand, etc.
Actions after a nuclear attack:
(1) Reestablish communications with higher headquarters and
subordinate units. Collect initial NBC1 reports (under a FLASH
priority).
(2) Collect and report operational status of equipment and
accountability company/battalion personnel through the chain of
command.
(3) Collect and report NBC1 follow-on reports (under an IMMEDIATE
precedence).
(4) CBR radiological monitoring personnel will conduct radiation
monitoring.
(a) Begin continuous monitoring.
(b) Report increases in radiation every fifteen minutes or as required.
(c) Report when radiation begins to decrease.
(5) Upon the conclusion of fallout:
(a) Decontaminate clothing and equipment.
(b) Decontaminate sealed rations by washing and scrubbing with
soapy water prior to opening. Rations will be monitored using an
AN/PDR 27 radiac set.
CCL – Contamination Control Line
LCL – Liquid Control Line
VCL – Vapor Control Line
EIGHT STATIONS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Individual Gear Decon
Boots and Mask/Hood Decon
Overgarments Removal
Boots Removal
Monitor
Mask Removal
Mask Decon
8.
Reissue Point
Entry Control Point
DTD Station will become the entry control point during CBR operations.
Basic Aid Station
Handles walking wounded only.
Detailed Equipment Decon
One Line
The “Hot Line”
Five Stations
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Primary Wash
DS2 Application
Contact Time / Interior decon
Rinse
Check
Pre-Decon Site
Tarps, Nets, Dirt, and Gross contamination removal occurs here.
Assembly Area
NOTE: Rations of water that have a reading higher than the
background reading WILL NOT BE CONSUMED. Rations that were
opened prior to the attack also WILL NOT BE CONSUMED.
(c) Monitor higher command net for further reports and information on
the attack.
12. Alarms:
Vocal, M8A1
Vocal alarm: For chemical or biological attack is "GAS" or "SPRAY".
For the arrival of fallout is "FALLOUT".
M8A1 automatic chemical agent alarms:
(1) Place M8A1 alarms 150 meters upwind of positions. When
employing multiple alarms for one position, maintain a minimum
distance of 300 meters between each alarm.
(2) If you hear or see the alarm you give a vocal alarm.
(3) Rapid, continuous beating of metal on metal.
(4) 6-sec blast of fog/boat horn.
4
CBR DEFENSE SMART CARD
TRASH
PIT
STATION 1
R
w
Loadbearing
gear decon
CCL
W
SUFFEL PIT
3 parts inert /
2 parts STB
STATION 2
R
Wash / Rinse
Gloves & mask
5%bleach
S
Wind direction
STATION 3
Flow of traffic
Gear flow after decon & monitor
T
STATION 4
LCL
STATION 5
Clothing
removal if
showers are
available.
STATION 7
MASK DECON
STATION 6
VCL
M8A1 or M256
kit for constant
vapor monitoring
RE-ISSUE
POINT
STATION 8
First
aid
5