Introducing Travel and Tourism – Section 1 Exercises
a. Explain the difference between domestic and inbound tourism.
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___________________________________________________ b. Suggest two reasons why short breaks have become increasingly popular in recent years.
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___________________________________________________ c. Study the information in the table below showing domestic tourism to Wales between 2002 and 2005.
Trips
(m)
Nights
(m)
Spend
(m)
2002
2003
2004
11.9
11.6
8.9
39.8
45.7
31.5
1,543
1,766
1,492
2005 11.3 39.4 1,731
Outline the main trends in both the number of trips and the number of tourist nights.
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Introducing Travel and Tourism – Section 1 Exercises
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_____________________________________________________ d. Suggest reasons why there was a fall in the number of tourists visiting Wales in 2004.
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_____________________________________________________ e. Assess the advantages and disadvantages of travelling to domestic destinations by air as opposed to by road.
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Introducing Travel and Tourism – Section 1 Exercises
a. Suggest three methods of transport used by in-bound tourists to arrive in the United Kingdom.
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_____________________________________________________ b. The three countries from which most of the inbound visitors travel to the United Kingdom are the USA, France and Germany.
Explain why it is important for tourism organisations to know which countries inbound tourists are likely to arrive from.
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______________________________________________________ c. Outline the main reasons why the United Kingdom is a popular destination for inbound tourists.
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Introducing Travel and Tourism – Section 1 Exercises
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______________________________________________________ d. Evaluate the factors which might cause an increase or decrease in the number of inbound tourists visiting the United Kingdom in the near future.
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Introducing Travel and Tourism – Section 1 Exercises
a. What is the main reason for United Kingdom residents taking part in outbound tourism?
______________________________________________________ b. What are the main destinations for United Kingdom residents who make outbound tourism trips?
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______________________________________________________ c. Suggest why there has been a growth in short break outbound tourism in recent years.
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______________________________________________________ d. Explain why more United Kingdom residents have been able to buy second homes abroad in recent years.
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Introducing Travel and Tourism – Section 1 Exercises
______________________________________________________ e. Explain why the appeal of long-haul destinations has increased in recent years.
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______________________________________________________ f. Evaluate the methods of transport available to United Kingdom residents wishing to travel to destinations in Europe.
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Introducing Travel and Tourism – Section 1 Exercises
a. Identify and explain two new types of leisure tourism which have been identified in recent years.
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______________________________________________________ b. What is meant by the term ‘holiday’?
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______________________________________________________ c. Explain the difference between package and independent holidays?
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______________________________________________________ d. Explain why package holidays became popular and suggest why more people are travelling independently today.
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Introducing Travel and Tourism – Section 1 Exercises
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a. What is meant by the term ‘business travel’.
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______________________________________________________ b. Identify and explain three different types of business travel.
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Introducing Travel and Tourism – Section 1 Exercises
______________________________________________________ c. Outline how business travel contributes to domestic tourism.
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______________________________________________________ d. Explain why ‘business tourism is not all about business’.
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______________________________________________________ e. Summarise the differences between business travel and leisure travel.
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Introducing Travel and Tourism – Section 1 Exercises
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______________________________________________________ f. Suggest how and why the booking of business travel has changed in recent years.
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a. Outline the main reasons why people visit their family and friends.
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______________________________________________________ b. Explain why VFR tourists do not contribute as much to the tourism economy as other tourists.
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Introducing Travel and Tourism – Section 1 Exercises
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______________________________________________________ c. Explain how the people hosting friends and family members may contribute to the tourism economy.
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______________________________________________________ d. Study the figures in the table below which shows the percentage of tourist spending on different types of accommodation in Wales compared with the United Kingdom as a whole.
All tourism (millions)
£21.0 £1.7
Hotel/motel/guesthouse
Bed & Breakfast
46%
5%
37%
5%
Camping
Caravans (towed and static, not owned)
Caravans (owned)
2%
3%
4%
4%
Friends/relatives’ homes
2%
21%
6%
15%
Analyse the main differences in the patterns of spending for Wales compared with the United Kingdom as a whole.
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Introducing Travel and Tourism – Section 1 Exercises
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a. Explain the meanings of the terms ‘wanderlust’ and ‘sunlust’.
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______________________________________________________ b. Give two examples of ‘up-market’ or prestigious destinations.
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Introducing Travel and Tourism – Section 1 Exercises c. Compare the different motivations for ‘adrenaline junkies’ and
‘beach bums’.
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______________________________________________________ d. Outline how increased time and money have enabled United
Kingdom residents to travel more extensively over the last 60 years.
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______________________________________________________ e. Evaluate the role of increased transport provision in enabling
United Kingdom residents to travel more widely.
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Introducing Travel and Tourism – Section 1 Exercises
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a. Explain four characteristics of tourism.
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Introducing Travel and Tourism – Section 1 Exercises
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______________________________________________________ b. Explain why it is difficult to count exactly how many people take part in tourist activities and give examples.
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______________________________________________________ c. Explain why it is difficult to estimate precisely how many people are employed in the tourism industry.
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______________________________________________________ d. With reference to the United Kingdom, evaluate the main ways in which tourism has changed in the last 20 years.
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Introducing Travel and Tourism – Section 1 Exercises
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a.
Domestic tourism is taking holidays and short breaks in the country in which the person lives whereas inbound tourism involves someone travelling into another country to take part in tourist activities. b.
Generally, short breaks are becoming more popular because of increased leisure time available and increased money to spend on tourism. Answers could refer to concerts, city breaks, themed breaks or sporting events which could form the basis of a short break. c.
For both the number of trips and the number of nights there was a slight decrease between 2002 and 2005. However, this masks an increase between 2002 and 2003, followed by a decline in 2004 and a recovery in 2005.
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Introducing Travel and Tourism – Section 1 Exercises d.
A number of reasonable reasons such as extreme weather could be offered, however the actual reason was the outbreak of Foot and Mouth disease. e.
Factors such as cost, time and convenience could be considered. Students could take a number of approaches to the question, but should consider some form of assessment of the main advantages and disadvantages, possibly considering the needs of different types of tourists.
a.
Ferry or car, rail – Eurostar, flight. b.
Answers could related to the needs of the visitors, possibly with information and signs in those languages, also the data could inform marketing activities, perhaps focusing on the countries from which more or less tourists arrive. c.
Answers should make reference to both the varied landscape and scenery of the UK as well as the culture and heritage of the country. d.
The main factors would be exchange rates and economic conditions, with perhaps terrorist activity being mentioned.
Answers may also refer to the London Olympics (and possibly the Ryder Cup) which are likely to lead to an increase in tourism, both for the events themselves and as a result of the worldwide exposure the events bring.
a.
Taking a holiday. b.
The USA and Europe c.
Essentially this is due to increased leisure time and the ability to afford more than one holiday. Also, short breaks have become popular and fashionable. d.
Again, the factors of increasing time available in which to take holidays and the ability to purchase a second home are the most significant factors. Also worth mentioning is the fact that a sector of the travel industry has developed to make the purchase of second homes easier and accessibility has increased with the routes offered by the budget airlines. e.
People are more aware of the range of long-haul destinations available to them. Also the relative cost of longhaul flights has decreased. Some tourists were looking for
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Introducing Travel and Tourism – Section 1 Exercises more than what a package holiday to Europe could offer and in some cases, such as China and other parts of Asia, destinations which were inaccessible for political reasons have begun to welcome tourism. f.
Answers should consider the variables involved such as the precise destination within Europe, the starting point of the journey, the type of tourist and the size of the party, the length of the trip and the cost factor. The best method of transport will depend on the factors above and students should not assume that all travel is for a week’s holiday on the Mediterranean coast.
a.
Health tourism – going to another country for an operation etc. Educational tourism – visits by school and other groups.
Dark tourism – visits to battle sites, concentration camps and similar destinations. b.
Holidays are tourism trips mainly for relaxation and enjoyment, usually taken with family and friends. c.
A package holiday is organised by a tour operator with the main components (Flights, accommodation and transfers) bought for one price. Independent holidays are when the tourist makes the bookings for flights, accommodation and other components themselves. d.
The reasons for the growth in package holidays could include the availability of aircraft and the emergence of entrepreneurs who saw the possibility of selling holidays to emerging destinations in Spain and elsewhere. These became fashionable as more and more people were able to afford to travel to Mediterranean areas, either by coach or air, for the guaranteed sunshine.
Package holidays have declined to a certain extent because people now require more choice and have the confidence and ability to travel independently.
a.
Business travel is related to a persons work and the journey or visit is undertaken for a meeting, conference or similar purpose.
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Introducing Travel and Tourism – Section 1 Exercises b.
Meetings – which my or may not entail an overnight stay
Exhibitions and trade fairs – held in venues such as the NEC and Earl’s Court in London
Conferences – held in conference centres, often involving a stay away from home. c.
Business travel contributes a significant proportion of the occupancy and spending on hotel accommodation as well as journeys and spending on trains and domestic flights. Also, many of the journeys on motorways are being undertaken for business reasons, so contributes to domestic tourism. d.
Business trips may well include some form of leisure activity or sightseeing either at the end of or during the business trip. This is one reason why producing accurate figures on tourist activity is difficult. e.
Answers may refer to the tendency for more business travellers to travel on their own, that business trips are more likely to be booked at short notice, that business travellers are more experienced and want to work during the journey if possible. They are more likely to travel business class, but this is not necessarily the case. f.
The main change has resulted from the increased accessibility of online reservation facilities, meaning that business travellers can make their own reservations rather than using business travel agents. However, these do still exist and provide a specialist service.
a.
Most family and friends visits relate to festivals and celebrations of one form or another. Sometimes people visit just for a holiday. b.
Essentially the answer relates to accommodation. Most leisure or business tourists have to pay for accommodation, which is often a major item of expenditure. For VFR tourists, accommodation is provided by the friends and family. Also,
VFR tourists tend to spend less on food and beverages, since again these are provided by the host family. c.
Hosts tend to spend some time with their guests and will take part in tourist activities such as travelling to and visiting attractions. Guests may also take their guests out for meals in restaurants or visit festivals and other events. d.
The most significant differences are that for tourist trips to
Wales there is a much smaller % of people staying with friends and family and spending is less.
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Introducing Travel and Tourism – Section 1 Exercises
a.
Wanderlust refers to the need to visit different places and cultures whereas sunlust is the need to enjoy warm sunshine. b.
San Tropez, Monte Carlo, St Moritz. c.
Adrenaline junkies want to be excited and enjoy the challenge of extreme sports or thrilling experiences, whereas beach bums want to relax and enjoy warm sunny weather on a beach. d.
People generally now have more money to spend on travel and more leisure time in which to travel. Generally, flights and other forms of travel are relatively much cheaper that they were in the past. Also, life expectancy has increased do people are able to travel more when they reach retirement age. e.
Some evaluation of the role of transport provision should be expected. Students could refer to the development of cars and motorways which led to many destinations it the UK becoming more accessible. Also, aircraft developments such jet engines and the emergence of large commercial airlines could be considered, along with the more recent budget airlines. Better answers could be structured into domestic, short-haul and long-haul developments.
a.
Answers should refer to the fact that tourism is essentially short-term and tourists intend to return home. It is essentially a voluntary activity. Tourism involves travelling outside of the place where a person usually lives and works and usually but not always involves staying away from home. b.
It is not easy to count the numbers of people driving to the coast for a day or travelling into a city at any one time.
Essentially, calculations are difficult because there are so many people moving from place to place for different reasons. c.
There are so many jobs which are not directly related to tourism but nevertheless depending in some way on tourist
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Introducing Travel and Tourism – Section 1 Exercises activities. Examples range from farmers producing food for tourists to mechanics maintaining vehicles. d.
Evaluation of the main changes should be present. Students might make reference to the growth in long-haul travel, the number of short breaks and additional holidays, the rise of the budget airlines and the development if internet technology encouraging new self-packaging and on-line bookings which has impacted on travel agents and other sectors of the industry.
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