European Land-Ocean Interaction Studies
4th ELOISE Conference
5-7 September 2001, Rende Italy
AN INTEGRATED PHYSICAL-BIOLOGICAL MODEL IN THE CLYDE SEA
Jae-Young Lee and Paul Tett
School of Life Sciences, Napier University, 10 Colinton Road, Edinburgh EH10 5DT, UK
(j.lee@napier.ac.uk)
A CONTRIBUTION FROM THE ELOISE PROJECT: OAERRE
An integrated physical-biological model has been developed for the study of seasonal
changes of chlorophyll and related nutrient concentrations at the Clyde Sea. Physical
(Transport) model includes typical estuarine circulation of the region and intermittent
flows to the deep-water renewals. Along with horizontal exchanges including horizontal
advection flows and tidal exchanges, the physical model was forced by surface heatexchanges, fresh-water buoyancy, turbulent energy inputs from wind, tide and internal
waves. With pseudo-weather forcing and real fresh-water data, the physical model
predicted realistic features of seasonal changes of temperature and salinity at the region.
The physical model also predicted strong seasonal cycles of intermittent flows entering
into the deep basin of the Arran Deep. The biological model applied ‘MicroplanktonDetritus’ model of Tett (1990), but with two different microplankton compartments,
nutrient silica dynamics, and shear-generated phyto-detritus which is an aggregated
form of ‘diatomy’ microplankton. The model showed realistic features of seasonal
changes of chlorophyll and nutrient concentrations and transition of microplankton
dominance with season.The coupled model was also used to predict primary
production, carbon fluxes into the deep basin, and nutrient budgets, especially for
nitrogen. Although the model generally well re-produced observed data of Profile from
1993 to 1994, there were not enough data to validate the model. With more intensified
observation throughout the OAERRE and more modelling works such as benthic
processes and denitrification at the biological model, the model could be used as an
management tool at the region to investigate affects of perturbation induced by nature or
by humans.
References :
Rippeth, T. P. and K. J. Jones (1997). The seasonal cycle of nitrate in the Clyde Sea.
Journal of Marine Systems,12: 299-310.
Simpson, J. H. and T. P. Rippeth (1993). The Clyde Sea: a model fo the seasonal cycle
of stratification and mixing. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Sciences, 37: 129-144.
Tett, P. (1990). A three layer vertical and microbiological processes model for shelf
seas., Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory Report: 85.
SESSION 8
204
Poster Presentation
European Land-Ocean Interaction Studies
4th ELOISE Conference
5-7 September 2001, Rende Italy
SESSION 8
205
Poster Presentation
European Land-Ocean Interaction Studies
4th ELOISE Conference
5-7 September 2001, Rende Italy
EUTROPHICATION
PORTUGAL
IN
THE
RIA
FORMOSA
COASTAL
LAGOON,
Newton A.1, J.D.Icely 2, C.Vale 3, A.Nobre 4, J.P.Nunes 4, J.G. Ferreira 4
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Faculty of Science and Technology, Gambelas Campus, Univ. Algarve, 8000-810 Faro,
Portugal (Anewton@ualg.pt)
Sagremarisco, Apt 21, 8650-999 Vila do Bispo, Portugal
IPIMAR Av. Brasilia, 1400 Lisboa, Portugal
IMAR, Dept. Zoologia, FCT-U.Coimbra, 3000 Coimbra , Portugal
A CONTRIBUTION FROM THE ELOISE PROJECT: OAERRE
The Ria Formosa is a shallow mesotidal lagoon on the south coast of Portugal. This
Ramsar site is also part of the NATURA 2000 network, and supports important natural
resources such as fisheries, aquaculture and tourism. Human impacts on the Ria
Formosa are increasing and include urbanization, intensive agriculture, aquaculture, and
coastal engineering such as artificial inlets. The natural biogeochemical cycles of the
Ria Formosa are essentially regulated by tidal exchanges at the seawater boundaries and
at the sediment interface. However, sources of treated and untreated domestic effluent,
as well as non-point source agricultural runoff, contribute to changes in nutrient
availability and ratios. These affect the microbial ecosystem structure and function,
leading to episodic eutrophic conditions within the lagoon. In this work, data from
interdisciplinary studies of the Ria Formosa are combined with GIS and remote sensing
of the basin, used to characterise nutrient loading from the watershed. A preliminary
model is presented that integrates this information and forms the basis for a Coastal
Zone Management tool to be developed within the OAERRE project.
SESSION 8
206
Poster Presentation
European Land-Ocean Interaction Studies
4th ELOISE Conference
5-7 September 2001, Rende Italy
THE YIELD OF CHLOROPHYLL A FROM DISSOLVED AVAILABLE
INORGANIC NITROGEN - A TOOL FOR PREDICTING WORST-CASE
IMPACTS OF EUTROPHICATION IN COASTAL WATERS
Edwards V.R.1, P. Tett 1, K.J.Jones 2
(1)
(2)
Napier University, Edinburgh, EH10 5DT (v.edwards@napier.ac.uk)
Dunstaffnage Marine Laboratory, Oban, PA34 4AD
A CONTRIBUTION FROM THE ELOISE PROJECT: OAERRE
Eutrophication of coastal waters can become a problem when it results in excessive
algal biomass and a disturbance in the balance of organisms present in an ecosystem.
The Comprehensive Studies Task Team who monitor water quality in the UK use the
yield of chlorophyll a from DAIN - q - in a worst-case predictive model to predict the
possible impacts of discharges into coastal ecosystems, a summer threshold
concentration of 10 mg chl m-3 being considered eutrophic. The underlying assumption
is that all DAIN is converted to chlorophyll a. Recent studies have shown that the
parameter q is not a rigid value but is affected by the community response to enrichment
which may depend on the season and the species of nitrogen that is being discharged
(Figure 1). This could have important consequences for predicting the effects of
discharges into coastal ecosystems since diffuse sources of anthropogenic DAIN tend to
be dominated by nitrate and point sources by ammonium. This poster shows the results
of research carried out during 1999 in which natural microplankton assemblages (all
organisms < 200 m diameter) were used in a series of continuous culture enrichment
experiments using either 12M nitrate or ammonium in order to obtain improved values
of q.
References:
CSTT (1997). Comprehensive Studies for the Purposes of Article 6 and 8.5 of DIR
91/271 EEC, The Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive. Marine Pollution
Monitoring Management Group.
Gowen, R.J., Tett, P. and Jones, K.J. (1992). Predicting marine eutrophication: the
yield of chlorophyll from nitrogen in Scottish coastal waters. Marine Ecology
Progress Series 85, 153-161.
SESSION 8
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Poster Presentation
European Land-Ocean Interaction Studies
4th ELOISE Conference
5-7 September 2001, Rende Italy
Figure 1. The yield of chlorophyll a from DAIN - chlorophyll a analysed by spectrophotometry
using trichromatic techniques: a) Spring Experiment 1 b) Spring Experiment 2 c) Summer
Experiment d) Autumn Experiment
Error bars are  Standard error of the mean
SESSION 8
208
Poster Presentation
European Land-Ocean Interaction Studies
4th ELOISE Conference
5-7 September 2001, Rende Italy
A PRE-OPERATIONAL MODEL CHAIN FOR THE WAVE MOTION
FORECAST IN THE MEDITERRANEAN AREA
C. Bellecci 1, S. Federico 3, T. Lo Feudo 3, L. Casella 3, M. Sisca 3, E. Piervitali 3, and
M. Colacino 2
(1)
INFM - University of Rome "Tor Vergata" Dept. STFE, Via di Tor Vergata, 00136 Rome,
Italy
(2)
CNR - IFA, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
(3)
CRATI s.c.r.l. c/o University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
In this paper we show an example of a model chain working in a pre-operational
fashion at Crati S.c.r.l. This chain is constitued by two models: the RAMS and the
WAM models. The RAMS model, developed at the CSU (Colorado State University)
and adapted to the Calabria peninsula at Crati S.c.r.l., is daily used to make weather
forecasts over Calabria at 8 km resolution. The WAM model was developed at the MaxPlanck-Institute für meteorologie in Hamburg by S. and K. Hasselmann with the aid of
P. Janssen and G. Komen (KNMI, Netherlands), and L. Zambreski and H. Gunthern
(GKSS, Germany, ECMWF, Reading, UK) and we are testing it over the mediterranean
area. The WAM model solves the basic wave transport equation describing the
evolution of a two dimensional ocean wave spectrum without assumptions regarding the
spectral shape. It is used at ECMWF for computing choppy sea of the ocean over globe
at 55 km resolution and it is computed the wave spectrum of 30 frequencies and 24
directions. In this paper we present an application to the mediterranean sea in which we
couple the RAMS and WAM model. In particular we will force the wave motion by the
wind field simulated by the RAMS model. The atmospheric code will have a 20 km
spatial resolution in both N-S and W-E and will cover the whole mediterranean basin.
SESSION 8
209
Poster Presentation
European Land-Ocean Interaction Studies
4th ELOISE Conference
5-7 September 2001, Rende Italy
BIOGAS TRANSFER IN ESTUARIES
Michel Frankignoulle1, Sizenado Nogueira Abreu6, Gwenael Abril1, David
Amorous11, Stèphane de Beer2, Alberto Borges1, Maria Jose Brogueira10, Graça
Cabeçadas10, Christine Canon1, Antonio M. Correia10, Hein de Wilde12, Bruno Delille1,
Nikolai Delling8, Olivier Donnarde11, Armando da Costa Duarte7, Valdemar I. Esteves7,
Henri Etcheber6, Anne Flensborg9, Wim Helder12, Jens Hefter8, Hans de Heij12, Niels
Iversen9, Giorgos Kouvarakis13, Cliff Law5, Emmanuelle Lemaire6, Emile Libert1,
Roger Ling5, Michele Lojiens2, Nikolas Mihalopoulos13, Walter Michaelis8, Jack
Middelburg3, Joppe Nieuwenhuize3, Ba Cuong Nguyen4, Marta Nogueira10, Christophe
Peycheran11, Jean Sciare4, Richard Seifert5, Tristan Sjoberg5, Chun Mao Tseng11, JeanPierre Vanderborght2, Peter Verhostad8, Ronald Visser12, Rutger de Wit6 and Roland
Wollast2.
(1)
Unité d'Oceanographie Chimique, Universitè de Liege, Sart Tilman, France
Laboratoire d'Oceanographie Chimique et Geochimie des Eaux, Universitè Libre de
Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
(3)
Centre for Estuarine and Coastal Ecology, NIOO-CEMO, Yerseke, The Netherlands
(4)
CE Saclay, Laboratoire de Modélisation du Climat et de l'Environnement, Gif-surYvette, France
(5)
Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth, UK
(6)
Universidade de Aveiro, Departemento de quimica, Aveiro, Portugal
(7)
Universitè de Bordeaux, Departement de Géologie et Océanographie, Talence,
France
(8)
Universitat Hamburg, Institut für Biogeochemie und Meereschemie, Hamburg,
Germany
(9)
Aalborg Universitet, Sohngnardsholmsvej 57, DK-Aalborg, Denmark
(10)
Institute Português de Investigaçao das Pescas a do Mar (IPIMAR), Lisboa, Portugal
(11)
Universitè de Pau et des Pays de I'Adour, Laboratoire de chimie Bio-Inorganique et
Environnement, Pau, France
(12)
Nederlands Instituut voor Onderzoek der Zee, Department of Chemical
Oceanography, Texel, The Netherlands
(13)
University of Crete, Department of Chemistry, Environmental Chemistry Division,
Heraklion, Greece
(2)
A CONTRIBUTION FROM THE ELOISE PROJECT: BIOGEST
Estuaries are obligate pathways for the transfer of dissolved and particulate material
from the continent to the marine system. They are extremely dynamic systems
characterized by strong physico-chemical gradients, enhanced biological activity and
intense sedimentation and resuspension. Furthermore, estuaries are subject to intense
anthropogenic disturbance reflected in elevated organic matter and nutrients loadings.
All these features increase the potential for biogenic gas production within estuaries.
SESSION 8
210
Poster Presentation
European Land-Ocean Interaction Studies
4th ELOISE Conference
5-7 September 2001, Rende Italy
The aim of BIOGEST was to determine and understand the distribution of biogas in
9 European atlantic estuaries (The Elbe, the Ems, the Thames, the Rhine, the Scheldt,
the Loire, the Gironde, the Douro and the Sado), as well as to estimate atmospheric
exchanges. We present here CO2, CH4, CO, NH3, N2O, DMS, COS, O2, Non Methane
Hydrocarbon and volatile metals profiles obtained during the 19 cruises of the project. It
is shown that estuaries play a significant role in biogas cycling.
SESSION 8
211
Poster Presentation
European Land-Ocean Interaction Studies
4th ELOISE Conference
5-7 September 2001, Rende Italy
THE INFLUENCE OF THE PHENOMENON OF THE SALTY INTRUSION ON
THE PROCESS OF DESERTIFICATION IN THE PLAIN OF SIBARI (CS)
Mario Maiolo 1, Giulio Cundari 2, Maria De Filpo 2, Domenico Rizzuti 2
(1)
Department of Defense of Soil “V.Marone”, Universìty of Calabria
(2)
Scholarship students Project “Idrorisorse” - Province of Cosenza
In the present article the first results of an experimental investigation, which develop
have been presented within the Project “idrorisorse” in progress of realization in the
Province of Cosenza, it has the objective to characterize the process of desertification
which is underway in the Praire of Sibari. (1).
An important factor is the influence of the phenomenon of salty intrusion on the
saltiness of the soil that characterizes, locally in a meaningful way, the most complex
phenomenon of the desertification (2), (3), (4), (5), (6).
After a preliminary introduction to the problem of desertification the climatic
characterization and the analysis of the system of management of the water resources of
the area object of the study were conducted. The raininess in the Praire of Sibari is
characterized by an annual middle value of 550mm, esteemed on a period of 80 year-old
observation in which is found in the last twenty years an appreciable reduction of the
annual average value. The characterization of the climate of the area of study has been
effected through the calculation of the climatic index and the index of aridity.
The climatic index results I= 0.07 while the index of aridity Ia = 0.65, therefore the
area of study, according to the classification proposed by Thornthwaite, results in a sub
umid dry climate zone.
A detailed search and analysis of the available historical data on the quality and on
the uses of the underground waters in here has allowed to reconstruct two historical
scenarios which may be responsible for saltiness pollution. (7), (8), (9), (10).
The constant use of wells in the interested area, formulated, based on official data
was estimated to be over 220.000 m3/day, and this caused fear concerning the guarantee
of the natural equilibrium between freshwater and saltwater. From the data collected, it
was confirmed the progressive deterioration in terms of salty content.
After these preliminary checks, the characterization of the influence of the salty
intrusion due to the extraction of water uncontrolled from wells, has been discovered
through the simulation of phenomenon using specific mathematical models (11) (12)
(13) (14). For the simulation of the specific phenomenon BOSS GMS software has
been used that comprises a modular system for the characterization of the underground
waters and the possibility to interface with well known software package like
MODFLOW, MT3D and FEMWATER.
SESSION 8
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Poster Presentation
European Land-Ocean Interaction Studies
4th ELOISE Conference
5-7 September 2001, Rende Italy
From a first analysis of the results, although partial and still in a verification phase, it
is possible to affirm, even if only in a qualitative way, that the hypothesis of influence
on the saltiness of the soil caused by natural consequence of the context geologic and by
hydrogeologic processes the relative trials (4), (5), (15), it is in addition to the influence
of the excessive extraction of water from wells that determined the breakup of the
equilibrium between freshwater and saltwater of sea, at the interface of the coastal zone.
The first results allow some preliminary considerations on the process of
desertification underway and they offer useful indications for the developments and the
improvements of the research project in act.
References
[1] Comitato Nazionale per la lotta alla Desertificazione, Ministero dell’Ambiente
(1999). Comunicazione Nazionale per la lotta alla Siccità ed alla Desertificazione.
[2] Celico P. Prospezioni idrogeologiche. Liguori editore.
[3] Regione Calabria - Assessorato all’Ambiente (Dicembre 2000). Primo rapporto sullo
stato dell’ambiente in Calabria.
[4] Guerricchio A., Ronconi M. (1997). Osservazioni geomorfologiche nella Piana di
Sibari e variazioni delle linee di costa storiche nella zona degli scavi archeologici. I
quaderni dell’I.R.F.E.A. Anno quinto Numero Dodici, Gennaio 1997.
[5] Guerricchio A., Melidoro G. (1975). Ricerche di geologia applicata all’archeologia
della città di Sibari sepolta.
[6] Tazioli G. (1986). Indagini idrogeologiche volte allo sfruttamento delle risorse
idriche sotterranee. In atti del 7° Corso di aggiornamento in ‘Tecniche di difesa
dall’inquinamento”. Guardia Piemontese, 1986.
[7] Sogesid (Società gestione impianti idrici, 2001). Accertamento dello stato delle
opere, degli impianti di acquedotto e fognature nel Mezzogiorno (art. 11, comma 3.
L. 5 Gennaio 1994, n0 36 e L. R. n0 10 del 3 Ottobre 1997).
[8] Lamberti P., Maiolo M., Mazzola M.R., Veltri P. (1994). Rapporto sui consumi
idropotabili in Italia sul finire degli anni 80.
[9] Beretta G.P., Civita M., Francani V., Muratori A., Fagotto A., Verga G., Zavatti A.,
Zuppi G.M., (1988). Proposta di normativa per l’istituzione delle fasce di rispetto
delle opere di captazione di acque sotterranee. Pubblicazione n. 75 del Consiglio
nazionale delle ricerche.
[10] Maiolo M., Rizzuti D. (1999). Monitoraggio dello sfruttamento delle risorse idriche
sotterranee in Provincia di Cosenza.
[11] Troisi S., Coscarelli R., Straface S. (1996). Proposta di un approccio metodologico
per la simulazione di un intervento di bonifìca idraulica su un acquifero inquinato. In
atti del 17° Corso di aggiornamento in “Tecniche di difesa dall’inquinamento’.
Guardia Piemontese, 1996.
[12] Maiolo M., Troisi S. (1993). Sulla vulnerabilità all’inquinamento dell’acquifero
interessato da un campo prove per la misura dei parametri idrodispersivi. In atti del
14° Corso di aggiornamento in “Tecniche di difesa dall’inquinamento”. Guardia
Piemontese, 1993.
[13] Coscarelli R., Fallico C., Troisi S. (1993). La simulazione dell’intrusione marina in
falde costiere. Applicazione alla falda di Reggio Calabria. In atti del 14° Corso di
aggiornamento in “Tecniche di difesa dall’inquinamento”. Guardia Piemontese,
1993.
SESSION 8
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Poster Presentation
European Land-Ocean Interaction Studies
4th ELOISE Conference
5-7 September 2001, Rende Italy
[14] Troisi S. (1993). Schema di risanamento della falda sotterranea di Reggio Calabria,
in atti della giornata di studio su “Problemi di gestione di acquiferi costieri”. Reggio
Calabria, 24 Novembre.
[15] Guerricchio A.. Melidoro G., Tazioli S. (1976). Lineamenti idrogeologici e
subsidenza dei terreni olocenici della Piana di Sibari. Rivista Sviluppo n09 Qtt/Dic.
SESSION 8
214
Poster Presentation
European Land-Ocean Interaction Studies
4th ELOISE Conference
5-7 September 2001, Rende Italy
INFLUENCE OF THE SURFACE WAVES ON THE COASTAL ECOSYSTEMS
Stanislaw R. Massel
Institute of Oceanology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 81-712 Sopot, Poland,
smas@iopan.gda.pl
We are living in the age of "environmental awareness", with increasing demands on
minimising negative impacts of human activity on the environment. The environmental
becomes more and more important in traditional coastal management and engineering,
especially at the vegetated coasts for which the understanding of the physical processes
(waves and water circulation) is very poor and it is not adequate to develop effective
management plans or engineering design.
Surface waves approaching the shoreline break and dissipate their energy in the very
shallow water and impose large forces on natural beaches and man made structures.
Poster presents two results of modelling of wave impact on the coastal ecosystem. The
first example deals with the wave run-up on beach, contributing to fluctuations in the
water table and groundwater flow in the sandy beach. In the second example, the
surface waves attenuation and induced sedimentation in the mangrove forest is
described. For both cases, the ecological consequences are shortly discussed.
References
Asano, T., Deguchi, H. and Kobayashi, N. (1992) Interaction between water waves and
vegetation, Proc. 23th Coastal Eng. Conf., 3, 2710--2723.
Li, L. and Barry, D.A. (2000) Wave-induced beach groundwater flow, Advances in Water
Resources, 23, 325-337.
Massel, S.R. (1999) Fluid Mechanics for Marine Ecologists, Springer Verlag, Heidelberg,
Berlin.
Massel, S.R., Furukawa, K. and Brinkman, R.M. (1999) Surface wave propagation in mangrove
forests, Fluid Dynamics Research, 24, 219--249.
Massel, S.R. and Pelinovsky, E.N. (2001) Run-up of dispersive and breaking waves on beaches,
Oceanologia, 43, 61-97
Weslawski, J.M., Malinga, B., Kotwicki, L., Opalinski, K., Szymelfenig, M. and Dutkowski, M.
(2000) Sandy coastlines - are there conflicts between recreation and natural values?,
Oceanological Studies, XXIX, 5-18.
SESSION 8
215
Poster Presentation
European Land-Ocean Interaction Studies
4th ELOISE Conference
5-7 September 2001, Rende Italy
SUSPENSION-FEEDER
CONTROL
PUMP:ECOLOGICAL IMPACT
OF
A
COASTAL
SILICATE
O. Ragueneau, L. Chauvaud, A. Leynaert, A. Lorrain, S. Bonnet, R. Corvaisier
CNRS, Institute Universitaire Europeen de la Mer, Technopole Brest-Iroise, France
Coastal ecosystems of temperate regions are particularly sensitive to declining Si:N
and Si:P nutrient ratios due to changes in nutrient enrichment or river manipulations
(Conley et al., 1993). Many of such ecosystems have switched from nitrate or phosphate
limitation to silicic acid (DSi) limitation, with important consequences for
phytoplankton dynamics (from diatoms to less desirable species) and cascading effects
on pelagic and benthic food webs (review in Smayda, 1990).
The Bay of Brest is an exemple of ecosystem where such changes are occuring,
however, no obvious sign of eutrophication has been detected (Le Pape et al., 1996).
Recently, a hypothesis has been invoked to account for the resistance of the bay to the
potentially negative effects of DSi limitation of diatom. It combines suspension-feeder
activity and Si recycling to explain the maintenance of diatoms during the whole
productive season (Chauvaud et al., 2000):
Increased suspension feeder activity during early spring, due to the proliferation of
the invasive species crepidula fornicate, would lead to the temporary retention of
biogenic silica (BSi) in the sediments of the bay, thereby limiting the export of Si out of
the system (a silicate pump in coastal waters, Del Amo et al., 1997). Subsequent BSi
dissolution during late spring and summer, enhanced by increasing temperature and
bacterial activity (Biddle and Azam, 1999), would provide the necessary Si required by
diatoms to maintain their dominance.
SESSION 8
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Poster Presentation
European Land-Ocean Interaction Studies
4th ELOISE Conference
5-7 September 2001, Rende Italy
Fig. 1. Silicic acid (DSi) fluxes at the sediment water interface, at sites exhibiting very low
(white bars), medium (grey bars) or very high (black bars) concentrations of the invasive
suspension-feeder Crepidula fornicata.
-2
-1
DSi flux (mmol m yr )
8
6
4
2
0
Spring 2000
Early Summer
2000
Late summer
2000
Fall 2000
Combining direct estimates of BSi production (32Si) with direct measurments of DSi
fluxes from rivers and from the sediment-water interface at sites displaying variable
densities of suspension-feeders, the present study provides a clear demonstration of the
above hypothesis.
It shows how this ecosystem has been fragilized by the nutrient distrophy and how its
stability now depends not only upon environmental conditions but also on benthic
suspension-feeder activity.
Removing C. fornicata from the ecosystem, is currently suggested to stop its invasion
which endangers the development of the commercial species Pecten maximus. Our
study suggests that such an action may in fact endanger the ecosystem even more
dramatically by affecting phytoplankton dynamics and potentially disrupting pelagic
and benthic food chains: a typical exemple of weak sustainability.
References
Bidle, K.D. and Azam, F., 1999. Accelerated dissolution of diatom silica by marine
bacterial assemblages. Nature, 397 : 508-512.
Chauvaud, L., Jean, F., Ragueneau, O. and Thouzeau, G. 2000. Long-term variation of
the Bay of Brest ecosystem : benthic-pelagic coupling revisited. Marine Ecology
Progress Series 200, 35-48.
Conley, D.J., Schelske, C.L. and Stoermer, E.F., 1993. Modification of the
biogeochemical cycle of silica with eutrophication. Marine Ecology Progress Series,
101: 179-192.
Del Amo, Y., Quéguiner, B., Tréguer, P., Breton, H. & Lampert, L., 1997. Impacts of
high-nitrate freshwater inputs on macrotidal ecosystems. II. Specific role of the silicic
acid pump in the year-round dominance of diatoms in the Bay of Brest (France).
Marine Ecology Progress Series 161, 225-237.
217
SESSION 8
Poster Presentation
European Land-Ocean Interaction Studies
4th ELOISE Conference
5-7 September 2001, Rende Italy
Le Pape, O., Del Amo, Y., Menesguen, A., Aminot, A., Quéguiner, B. et Tréguer, P.,
1996. Resistance of a coastal ecosystem to increasing eutrophic conditions: the Bay of
Brest (France), a semi-enclosed zone of Western Europe. Continental Shelf Research,
16: 1885-1907.
Smayda, T. J., 1990. Novel and nuisance phytoplankton blooms in the sea: evidence for
a global epidemic. In: E. Graneli, B. Sundström, L. Edler and D. M. Anderson
(Editors), Toxic Marine Phytoplankton. Elsevier, Inc., Amsterdam, pp. 29-40.
SESSION 8
218
Poster Presentation
European Land-Ocean Interaction Studies
4th ELOISE Conference
5-7 September 2001, Rende Italy
APPLICATION OF THE BIOGEOCHEMICAL BUDGET MODEL TO
ASSESSMENT OF THE NUTRIENT FLUXES IN THE ESTUARIES OF THE
NORTHWESTERN SHELF OF THE BLACK SEA.
Inna Y. Yurkova
Marine Hydrophysical Institute of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (MHI NASU),
Department of Oceanography, Sevastopol, Ukraine.
The coastal zone of the Northwestern Shelf (NWS) is one of the most populated and
developed areas of the Black Sea. The important elements of the NWS marine
ecosystem are its estuaries called “limans”. The role of the estuaries in export of
nutrients to the sea was examined by applying of the biogeochemical budget model
(LOICZ project). The existing literature/reports data have been reviewed and
synthesized for calculations. The annual budget estimates show that fluxes of the
nutrients to the sea shelf vary markedly among the estuaries, with the highest fluxes
observed in the Bug estuary and the lowest fluxes in the Donuzlav estuary. The most
systems are sink of the phosphorus overage over year. The main contributors of the
nutrients remain to be rivers, although the role of household activities in contributing of
the nutrients is remarkable. The estimated dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) load
from the human activities to the Bug estuary is 30% of the DIP export with freshwater
discharge; dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) is 51 % of the DIP freshwater load. For
the Dniester estuary this rate is about 26% of DIP and 2% of DIN riverine fluxes. For
the small estuaries with insignificant river discharge, the human activities are the
dominant source of nutrients to the system. According biogeochemical balance
estimates, the estuarine systems of the Northwstern Black Sea appears to be a net
autotrophic and fixing more nitrogen than is lost to denitrification.
SESSION 8
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Poster Presentation