Unit 3 Geo Time Book Notes
Name_____________________________ Core 1 2 3
Chapter 13 - Geologic Time (pages 363 – 387 = _____________ pages) Why do book notes?
Section 13.1 Life and Geologic Time (pages 364-371)
A. geologic time scale = ________________________________________________________________________________
B. Subdivisions of Geologic Time:
 Eras = __________________________________________________________________________________________
 Periods = _______________________________________________________________________________________
 Epochs = _______________________________________________________________________________________
Figure 13-2 page 366 Create a Timeline: LABEL the 4 major ERAS and 13 Periods
1.
____________________________
Era
2.
3.
1.
____________________________
Era
Beginning and End
Dates:
2.
3.
1.
____________________________
Era
Beginning and End
Dates:
Beginning and End
Dates:
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
_____________________________
Era
Beginning and End
Dates:
C. Geologic T__________________ and F________________________
Geologists study fossils to:
 Describe Earth’s p______________________________________
 I___________________________how extinct o________________________ lived
 _______________________________ changes in __________________________________/ time
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D. Using Math:
Palezoic Era
 Longest Period: _______________________________
 Shortest Period: _______________________________
E. Trilobites
 Time: ______________________________
 Size: _____________________________________
 Habitat: ____________________________________________________
 Exoskeleton = ________________________________________________________
 Why are they important?
F. Figure 13-3 Trilobite Diagram
 eye,
 head cephalon
 body thorax
 tail pygidium
F. Figure 13-4 Trilobite Glabella Change Over Time
A.
B.
G. Figure 13-5 Trilobite Eye Change Over Time
A
B
C
C.
D
H. Figure 13-6 Physical Feature Changes: (Do a quick sketch of the progression of
drawings.)
Key Point # 1: In general, the trilobites changed in terms of
____________________________________________ and possibly as a result of ________________________________
I. Effect of Plate Tectonics –
 Causes _________________________________________________________________________________________
 Example of how change can occur __________________________________________________________
 Applied to trilobites -> _________________________________________________________________________
13.1 Section Assessment:
1. What are the major subdivisions of geo time based on? __________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. How might plate tectonics affect all life on Earth. (Use Figure 13-8 to answer this
question.) _______________________________________________________________________________________________
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Section 13.2 (pages 372- 378) E________________ E_______________________ History _________________
A. PPRECAMBIAN Time:
 L__________________________
 __________ b_________________________ to _____________ m________________________ y_________ a__________
 Fossils are sparse (rare) because ___________________________________________________________________
B. (Figure 13 – 9) cyanobacteria = _______________________
______________________________________________________________
Stromatolite Drawing
C. Why are cyanobacteria important? [Chemistry Integration pg 373]
____________________________________________________________________________
D. Invertebrates = ____________________________________________________
 Developed near the end of the P_____________________________ Era
 Example: ________________________________________
 Why few fossils of invertebrates? ____________________________________________________________
E. Ediacaran fauna = _______________________________________________________________________________________
 Location: __________________________________________________
 Drawings:

Some Hypotheses: 1) soft bodied ancestors of Cambrian period life-froms; 2) ________________
_______________________________________; 3) _________________________________________________________________
F. PALEOZOIC Era
 Fossils are _______________________________________________________
 Marked by organisms with ____________________________________________________
 _________ million years ago (ya)
 Description of Earth’s surface:
o ___________________________________  most life was m_____________________, lived in oceans



Common Animals: ___________________________________________________________________________________
F________________ evolved during this era
Broken into _____ periods. Key periods:
o Cambrian -> ___________________________________________
o Ordovician -> A_________________________ Mountains; first v_____________________ = animals
with _________________________________
o Silurian -> first p_______________________ on land
o Devonian -> fish d________________________________ animal on Earth;
 First a________________ moved onto earth
G. Life on Land
Amphibians
Reptiles
How alike?
How different?
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H. Figure 13-13 page 377 – Key Points  Coal
 Formed in s______________________________ areas
 P__________________________________-period forest
 ____________ million years ago (ya)
I. End of an E_______________
 m__________________ e_____________________________ @ end of P____________________ Era
 Cause: __________________________________________________________________________________
 Pangaea = _______________________________________ occurred when: ________________________________
 Climate changed from _________________________________ to _____________________________________________
13.2 Section Assessment: page 378
1. What geologic events occurred at the end of the Paleozoic Era? _________________________________________
3. Why is the Precambrian fossil record so sparse, rare? ____________________________________________________
4. What major change occurred in the atmosphere during the Precambrian? _____________________________
5. What major adaptations were needed for life to move onto the land? ___________________________________
Examples: ________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Science and Society page 380 F_________________ Track to E_____________________________________
1. H________________________ Impact:
 Extinctions = __________________________________________________
 __________________________________________________________________
 __________________________________________________________________
o Evidence (Table) Trend _______________________________________________________________________
 Endangered = ___________________________________________________________________________________________
 Human Contributions:
Directly
Indirectly
2. Rain Forests: Key Point: _____________________________________________________________________________________
Supporting (2 – 5 bulleted):
3. Development w/ Habitat Protection - Key Point: _______________________________________________________
Supporting (2 – 5 bulleted):
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Section 13.3 (pages 381-387) Middle and recent History
A. MESOZOIC ERA – D______________________________!!!
B. Panagea Breaks-up into separate c______________________________________________.
 ____________ million years ago (ya)
 Species that survived P______________________________ m_______________ e________________________
a_________________________________
 d_____________________ c_______________________________
 What helped reptiles adapt to new habitats?
 Hard s____________________________________ -> helped retain body fluid
 Hard e____________________________________ -> land births
 Reptiles d________________________ life-form in J________________________ period
C. Figure 13-14 (page 381) Describe Mesozoic Era climate:
__________________________________________________
D. Dinosaurs
 Size: _____________________ to ___________________________ ex: T. R____________
 Diet: _____________________ to ___________________________
 “good m________________________” ____________________________________________________________________
o Evidence:

R________________________________ but some evidence not c____________- b_______________________
o Cold-blooded = _____________________________________________________________
o Maybe NOT c______________-blooded?
 Evidence:
E. B___________________
 Hypothesis _________________________________________________________________________
 Evidence: (Figure 13-17 page 384)
A)
B)
C)
D)
F. Reading Check: What characteristics link Archeopteryx to dinosaurs? ______________________
G. gastroliths = _________________________________________________________________________________
H.
Gymnosperms
Angiosperms
How alike?
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Examples:
I. Figure 13-18 (page 385) Angiosperms & insects Key Point: _______________________________________
J. KEY Point: T______________________ plates continue to move  ________________________________________
which causes ________________________________________________________________________________________________
K. CENOZOIC ERA
 Era of r______________________ life
 Time: __________________________
 Climate: ________________________________________________________________
 Divided into 3 periods: ___________________________ ___________________________ ______________________
 We live in Q______________________________ period H__________________________ epoch – which began
after the last i____________ a__________________
L. Time of M______________________ Building
 Alps formed by _______________________________________________________________________
 Himalayas formed by ________________________________________________________________
 Key Point: tectonic plates colliding  m_______________________________
M. Food Web:
flowering plants  i_________________ & p____________ eating animals (h____________________)  c_____________
N. Further Evolution of Mammals
1. Small around same time as d______________________________
2. Some returned to sea example: ancestors of w________________________ & d__________________________
3. Isolated forms (e.g. A_____________________________) m______________________________ - kangaroos
M. Homo sapiens
 Time: _______________________________________
 Became dominant ____________________________________ ya
 Hypothesis: ____________________________________________________________________________________________
o Evidence:
13.3 Section Assessment
1. In which era, period and epoch did Homo sapiens first appear?
Era: ____________________________ Period: ________________________ Epoch: _______________________________
2. How did the development of hard seeds enable angiosperms to survive in a wide variety of
climates?
3. What evidence indicates that dinosaurs were warm-blooded?
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4. What is the connection between plate tectonics and the occurrence of marsupials?
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