CURRICULUM VITAE Steven C. Almo, Ph.D. Department of Biochemistry Department of Physiology & Biophysics Albert Einstein College of Medicine 1300 Morris Park Avenue Bronx, NY 10461 phone: (718) 430-2746 fax: (718) 430-8565 e-mail: almo@aecom.yu.edu EDUCATION B.S. Biology, 1982 Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA Ph.D. Biophysics, 1990 Harvard University Cambridge, MA Post Doctoral,1992 Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Cell Biology and Biophysics Baltimore, MD POSITIONS/AWARDS Teaching Assistant, Stanford University Medical School, Dept. of Biochemistry, September 1982. Teaching Assistant, Harvard University, Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sept. 1983-85. Recipient, Institute for Biological Recognition and Catalysis, Inc., Travel Grant, March 1988 Recipient, Institute for Biological Recognition and Catalysis, Inc., Travel Grant, November 1988 Instructor in Molecular Graphics Course, MIT, Department of Chemistry, 1988-1989. Instructor, Woods Hole Marine Biology Laboratories, Physiology Summer Course, Summer 1990. Assistant Professor of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Dept. of Biochemistry, March 1992-June 1997. Member, Albert Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, 1996-present Associate Professor of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Dept. of Biochemistry, July 1997-May 2001. Professor of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Dept. of Biochemistry, June 2001present. Associate Director for Crystallography, Center for Synchrotron Biosciences, 1997-2006. Irma T. Hirschl/Monique Weill-Caulier Career Development Award, 2000-2004 Professor of Physiology & Biophysics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Physiology & Biophysics, June 2003-Present AMGEN AWARD, American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2004 The LaDonne Schulman Faculty Recognition Award for Graduate Teaching at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 2005 Director of Structural Proteomics, New York Structural Biology Center, November 2006-present Director, Albert Einstein Macromolecular Therapeutic Development Facility 2007-present AECOM SERVICE Faculty Senate, 1993-1995, 1998-2007 Sue Golding Graduate Admissions Committee, 1993-1996 MSTP Steering Committee, 1996-present Molecular Biophysics Training Grant Steering Committee, 1997-2010 Associate Professor Promotion Committee, 1997-2000 Advisory Committee, Analytical Imaging Facility, 2000-present Professor Promotion Committee, 2002-2004 Tenure Committee, 2005-present Chair, Strategic Planning Committee on Structural Biology and Proteomics, 2007 NATIONAL SERVICE Special NCI Study Section for Program Project Review, 4/97 American Cancer Society, Peer Review Committee on Cancer Drug Development, 1/98-12/01 National Center for Research Resources Special Emphasis Panel ZRR1 BRT-1, April 1, 1998 Special NCI Study Section for Program Project Review, 5/98 NIH BBCB Study Section, Ad hoc, 7/98 NIH Physical Biochemistry Study Section, Ad hoc, 6/00 Editorial Board, International Archives of Allergy and Immunology, 1/98-12/00 Proposal Study Panel, Brookhaven National Laboratory, 1999-present User Executive Committee, National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, 2001-2003, 2005-2007 National Center for Research Resources Review Panel ZRG1 BBCA, October, 2001 Reviewer for J. Biol. Chem., Biochemistry, Science, Nat. Struct. Biol., Biophys. J., Structure, Acta. Cryst, Chemistry & Biology, Nature, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., J. Cell Biol., Protein Science, Proteins Faculty of 1000, Electronic Reviews, Biology Reports Ltd. NIH CDF-4 Study Section, Ad hoc, 2/02 NIH CSF (formerly CDF-4) Study Section, 10/02-10/06 NIH Scientific Advisory Board, Epitope Discovery Working Group, NIAID, 9/04-12/05 NIH Administrative Chairman of Division of Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms Special Emphasis Panel, 7/04-6/06 NIH ZRG1-SBMI Review Panel, Ad hoc, 03/05 Chairman, NIH ZRG1 CB-B 02 S, Review Panel (Bioengineering Research Partnership), 6/05 NIH IDM-G (2) Review Panel, Ad hoc, 03/05 NIH ZRG1 IDM-G (02) Drug Development 08/06 NIH ZRG1 BST-D (50) Technology Centers for Networks and Pathways 3/09/09 – 3/10/09 NIH CSF Study Section, Ad hoc, 6/09 ZRG1 BCMB-B (99) R Review Panel 7/30/09 Member, Beamline Advisory Team, National Synchrotron Light Source, 2009-present Scientific Advisory Committee, HIVRAD (Michael Cho, PI; Iowa State) 2009-present Scientific Advisory Committee, Center for Synchrotron Biosciences (Mark Chance, PI; Case Western Reserve) 2009-present Scientific Advisory Committee, PXRR (Robert Sweet, PI; Brookhaven National Laboratory) 2009-present; Chair 2011 College of CSR Reviewers, 2010-present Organizer, 2012 Keystone Meeting “Structural Biology of Cellular Processes: From Atoms to Cells” PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES American Society for Cell Biology American Crystallographic Association PUBLICATIONS: 1. Farber GK, Machin P, Almo SC, Petsko GA, Hajdu J. X-ray Laue diffraction from crystals of xylose isomerase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988;85(1):112-5. PMCID: 279493. 2. Mondragon A, Subbiah S, Almo SC, Drottar M, Harrison SC. Structure of the amino-terminal domain of phage 434 repressor at 2.0 A resolution. J Mol Biol. 1989;205(1):189-200. 3. Smith DL, Almo SC, Toney MD, Ringe D. 2.8-A-resolution crystal structure of an active-site mutant of aspartate aminotransferase from Escherichia coli. Biochemistry. 1989;28(20):8161-7. 4. Schlichting I, Almo SC, Rapp G, Wilson K, Petratos K, Lentfer A, Wittinghofer A, Kabsch W, Pai EF, Petsko GA, et al. Time-resolved X-ray crystallographic study of the conformational change in Ha-Ras p21 protein on GTP hydrolysis. Nature. 1990;345(6273):309-15. 5. Howell PL, Almo SC, Parsons MR, Hajdu J, Petsko GA. Structure determination of turkey egg-white lysozyme using Laue diffraction data. Acta Crystallogr B. 1992;48 ( Pt 2):200-7. 6. Almo SC, Pollard TD, Way M, Lattman EE. Purification, characterization and crystallization of Acanthamoeba profilin expressed in Escherichia coli. J Mol Biol. 1994;236(3):950-2. 7. Almo SC, Smith DL, Danishefsky AT, Ringe D. The structural basis for the altered substrate specificity of the R292D active site mutant of aspartate aminotransferase from E. coli. Protein Eng. 1994;7(3):405-12. 8. Fedorov AA, Magnus KA, Graupe MH, Lattman EE, Pollard TD, Almo SC. X-ray structures of isoforms of the actin-binding protein profilin that differ in their affinity for phosphatidylinositol phosphates. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994;91(18):8636-40. PMCID: 44661. 9. Fedorov AA, Pollard TD, Almo SC. Purification, characterization and crystallization of human platelet profilin expressed in Escherichia coli. J Mol Biol. 1994;241(3):480-2. 10. Pollard TD, Almo S, Quirk S, Vinson V, Lattman EE. Structure of actin binding proteins: insights about function at atomic resolution. Annu Rev Cell Biol. 1994;10:207-49. 11. Fedorov AA, Joseph-McCarthy D, Fedorov E, Sirakova D, Graf I, Almo SC. Ionic interactions in crystalline bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A. Biochemistry. 1996;35(50):15962-79. 12. Joseph-McCarthy D, Fedorov AA, Almo SC. Comparison of experimental and computational functional group mapping of an RNase A structure: implications for computer-aided drug design. Protein Eng. 1996;9(9):773-80. 13. Wiedemann P, Giehl K, Almo SC, Fedorov AA, Girvin M, Steinberger P, Rudiger M, Ortner M, Sippl M, Dolecek C, Kraft D, Jockusch B, Valenta R. Molecular and structural analysis of a continuous birch profilin epitope defined by a monoclonal antibody. J Biol Chem. 1996;271(47):29915-21. 14. Fedorov AA, Ball T, Mahoney NM, Valenta R, Almo SC. The molecular basis for allergen crossreactivity: crystal structure and IgE-epitope mapping of birch pollen profilin. Structure. 1997;5(1):33-45. 15. Fedorov AA, Ball T, Valenta R, Almo SC. X-ray crystal structures of birch pollen profilin and Phl p 2. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 1997;113(1-3):109-13. 16. Fedorov AA, Lappalainen P, Fedorov EV, Drubin DG, Almo SC. Structure determination of yeast cofilin. Nat Struct Biol. 1997;4(5):366-9. 17. Goldsmith SC, Pokala N, Matsudaira P, Almo SC. Crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of the N-terminal actin binding domain of human fimbrin. Proteins. 1997;28(3):452-3. 18. Goldsmith SC, Pokala N, Shen W, Fedorov AA, Matsudaira P, Almo SC. The structure of an actincrosslinking domain from human fimbrin. Nat Struct Biol. 1997;4(9):708-12. 19. Lappalainen P, Fedorov EV, Fedorov AA, Almo SC, Drubin DG. Essential functions and actin-binding surfaces of yeast cofilin revealed by systematic mutagenesis. Embo J. 1997;16(18):5520-30. PMCID: 1170184. 20. Mahoney NM, Janmey PA, Almo SC. Structure of the profilin-poly-L-proline complex involved in morphogenesis and cytoskeletal regulation. Nat Struct Biol. 1997;4(11):953-60. 21. Puius YA, Zhao Y, Sullivan M, Lawrence DS, Almo SC, Zhang ZY. Identification of a second aryl phosphate-binding site in protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B: a paradigm for inhibitor design. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997;94(25):13420-5. PMCID: 28320. 22. Degano M, Almo SC, Sacchettini JC, Schramm VL. Trypanosomal nucleoside hydrolase. A novel mechanism from the structure with a transition-state inhibitor. Biochemistry. 1998;37(18):6277-85. 23. Eads JC, Mahoney NM, Vorobiev S, Bresnick AR, Wen KK, Rubenstein PA, Haarer BK, Almo SC. Structure determination and characterization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae profilin. Biochemistry. 1998;37(32):11171-81. 24. Hanein D, Volkmann N, Goldsmith S, Michon AM, Lehman W, Craig R, DeRosier D, Almo S, Matsudaira P. An atomic model of fimbrin binding to F-actin and its implications for filament crosslinking and regulation. Nat Struct Biol. 1998;5(9):787-92. 25. Liu S, Fedorov AA, Pollard TD, Lattman EE, Almo SC, Magnus KA. Crystal packing induces a conformational change in profilin-I from Acanthamoeba castellanii. J Struct Biol. 1998;123(1):22-9. 26. Mahoney NM, Almo SC. Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of human platelet profilin complexed with an oligo proline peptide. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 1998;54(Pt 1):108-10. 27. Mao C, Cook WJ, Zhou M, Federov AA, Almo SC, Ealick SE. Calf spleen purine nucleoside phosphorylase complexed with substrates and substrate analogues. Biochemistry. 1998;37(20):7135-46. 28. Mitra J, Tang X, Almo SC, Shields D. Temperature-induced conformational changes in prosomatostatin-II: implications for processing. Biochem J. 1998;334 ( Pt 1):275-82. PMCID: 1219689. 29. Patskovska LN, Fedorov AA, Patskovsky YV, Almo SC, Listowsky I. Expression, crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of ligand-free human glutathione S-transferase M2-2. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 1998;54(Pt 3):458-60. 30. Puius YA, Mahoney NM, Almo SC. The modular structure of actin-regulatory proteins. Curr Opin Cell Biol. 1998;10(1):23-34. 31. Puius YA, Zou M, Ho NT, Ho C, Almo SC. Novel water-mediated hydrogen bonds as the structural basis for the low oxygen affinity of the blood substitute candidate rHb(alpha 96Val-->Trp). Biochemistry. 1998;37(26):9258-65. 32. Valenta R, Almo S, Ball T, Dolecek C, Steinberger P, Laffer S, Eibensteiner P, Flicker S, Vrtala S, Spitzauer S, Valent P, Denepoux S, Kraft D, Banchereau J, Lebecque S. The immunoglobulin E-allergen interaction: a target for therapy of type I allergic diseases. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 1998;116(3):167-76. 33. Burley SK, Almo SC, Bonanno JB, Capel M, Chance MR, Gaasterland T, Lin D, Sali A, Studier FW, Swaminathan S. Structural genomics: beyond the human genome project. Nat Genet. 1999;23(2):151-7. 34. Fedorov AA, Fedorov E, Gertler F, Almo SC. Structure of EVH1, a novel proline-rich ligand-binding module involved in cytoskeletal dynamics and neural function. Nat Struct Biol. 1999;6(7):661-5. 35. Levin S, Almo SC, Satir BH. Functional diversity of the phosphoglucomutase superfamily: structural implications. Protein Eng. 1999;12(9):737-46. 36. Mahoney NM, Rozwarski DA, Fedorov E, Fedorov AA, Almo SC. Profilin binds proline-rich ligands in two distinct amide backbone orientations. Nat Struct Biol. 1999;6(7):666-71. 37. Shi W, Li CM, Tyler PC, Furneaux RH, Cahill SM, Girvin ME, Grubmeyer C, Schramm VL, Almo SC. The 2.0 A structure of malarial purine phosphoribosyltransferase in complex with a transition-state analogue inhibitor. Biochemistry. 1999;38(31):9872-80. 38. Shi W, Li CM, Tyler PC, Furneaux RH, Grubmeyer C, Schramm VL, Almo SC. The 2.0 A structure of human hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase in complex with a transition-state analog inhibitor. Nat Struct Biol. 1999;6(6):588-93. 39. Shi W, Schramm VL, Almo SC. Nucleoside hydrolase from Leishmania major. Cloning, expression, catalytic properties, transition state inhibitors, and the 2.5-a crystal structure. J Biol Chem. 1999;274(30):21114-20. 40. Apgar J, Tseng Y, Fedorov E, Herwig MB, Almo SC, Wirtz D. Multiple-particle tracking measurements of heterogeneities in solutions of actin filaments and actin bundles. Biophys J. 2000;79(2):1095-106. PMCID: 1301005. 41. Burke E, Mahoney NM, Almo SC, Barik S. Profilin is required for optimal actin-dependent transcription of respiratory syncytial virus genome RNA. J Virol. 2000;74(2):669-75. PMCID: 111586. 42. Melian A, Watts GF, Shamshiev A, De Libero G, Clatworthy A, Vincent M, Brenner MB, Behar S, Niazi K, Modlin RL, Almo S, Ostrov D, Nathenson SG, Porcelli SA. Molecular recognition of human CD1b antigen complexes: evidence for a common pattern of interaction with alpha beta TCRs. J Immunol. 2000;165(8):4494-504. 43. Ostrov DA, Shi W, Schwartz JC, Almo SC, Nathenson SG. Structure of murine CTLA-4 and its role in modulating T cell responsiveness. Science. 2000;290(5492):816-9. 44. Puius YA, Fedorov EV, Eichinger L, Schleicher M, Almo SC. Mapping the functional surface of domain 2 in the gelsolin superfamily. Biochemistry. 2000;39(18):5322-31. 45. Sarmiento M, Puius YA, Vetter SW, Keng YF, Wu L, Zhao Y, Lawrence DS, Almo SC, Zhang ZY. Structural basis of plasticity in protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B substrate recognition. Biochemistry. 2000;39(28):8171-9. 46. Shi W, Munagala NR, Wang CC, Li CM, Tyler PC, Furneaux RH, Grubmeyer C, Schramm VL, Almo SC. Crystal structures of Giardia lamblia guanine phosphoribosyltransferase at 1.75 A(,). Biochemistry. 2000;39(23):6781-90. 47. Wolven AK, Belmont LD, Mahoney NM, Almo SC, Drubin DG. In vivo importance of actin nucleotide exchange catalyzed by profilin. J Cell Biol. 2000;150(4):895-904. PMCID: 2175289. 48. Fedorov A, Shi W, Kicska G, Fedorov E, Tyler PC, Furneaux RH, Hanson JC, Gainsford GJ, Larese JZ, Schramm VL, Almo SC. Transition state structure of purine nucleoside phosphorylase and principles of atomic motion in enzymatic catalysis. Biochemistry. 2001;40(4):853-60. 49. Goldsmith SC, Guan JQ, Almo S, Chance M. Synchrotron protein footprinting: a technique to investigate protein-protein interactions. J Biomol Struct Dyn. 2001;19(3):405-18. 50. Rustandi R, Vallely KM, Varlamova O, Klein MG, Almo SC, Bresnick AR, Weber DJ. 1H, 13C, 15N NMR sequence-specific resonance assignments for human apo-Mts1 (S100A4). J Biomol NMR. 2001;19(4):381-2. 51. Schwartz JC, Zhang X, Fedorov AA, Nathenson SG, Almo SC. Structural basis for co-stimulation by the human CTLA-4/B7-2 complex. Nature. 2001;410(6828):604-8. 52. Shi W, Basso LA, Santos DS, Tyler PC, Furneaux RH, Blanchard JS, Almo SC, Schramm VL. Structures of purine nucleoside phosphorylase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis in complexes with immucillin-H and its pieces. Biochemistry. 2001;40(28):8204-15. 53. Shi W, Tanaka KS, Crother TR, Taylor MW, Almo SC, Schramm VL. Structural analysis of adenine phosphoribosyltransferase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochemistry. 2001;40(36):10800-9. 54. Tseng Y, Fedorov E, McCaffery JM, Almo SC, Wirtz D. Micromechanics and ultrastructure of actin filament networks crosslinked by human fascin: a comparison with alpha-actinin. J Mol Biol. 2001;310(2):351-66. 55. Zhang X, Schwartz JC, Nathenson SG, Almo SC. Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of the complex between human CTLA-4 and B7-2. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 2001;57(Pt 6):898-9. 56. Bobkov AA, Muhlrad A, Kokabi K, Vorobiev S, Almo SC, Reisler E. Structural effects of cofilin on longitudinal contacts in F-actin. J Mol Biol. 2002;323(4):739-50. 57. Bubb MR, Govindasamy L, Yarmola EG, Vorobiev SM, Almo SC, Somasundaram T, Chapman MS, Agbandje-McKenna M, McKenna R. Polylysine induces an antiparallel actin dimer that nucleates filament assembly: crystal structure at 3.5-A resolution. J Biol Chem. 2002;277(23):20999-1006. 58. Chance MR, Bresnick AR, Burley SK, Jiang JS, Lima CD, Sali A, Almo SC, Bonanno JB, Buglino JA, Boulton S, Chen H, Eswar N, He G, Huang R, Ilyin V, McMahan L, Pieper U, Ray S, Vidal M, Wang LK. Structural genomics: a pipeline for providing structures for the biologist. Protein Sci. 2002;11(4):723-38. PMCID: 2373525. 59. Dewan JC, Feeling-Taylor A, Puius YA, Patskovska L, Patskovsky Y, Nagel RL, Almo SC, Hirsch RE. Structure of mutant human carbonmonoxyhemoglobin C (betaE6K) at 2.0 A resolution. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 2002;58(Pt 12):2038-42. 60. Guan JQ, Vorobiev S, Almo SC, Chance MR. Mapping the G-actin binding surface of cofilin using synchrotron protein footprinting. Biochemistry. 2002;41(18):5765-75. 61. Kicska GA, Tyler PC, Evans GB, Furneaux RH, Shi W, Fedorov A, Lewandowicz A, Cahill SM, Almo SC, Schramm VL. Atomic dissection of the hydrogen bond network for transition-state analogue binding to purine nucleoside phosphorylase. Biochemistry. 2002;41(49):14489-98. 62. Ostrov DA, Roden MM, Shi W, Palmieri E, Christianson GJ, Mendoza L, Villaflor G, Tilley D, Shastri N, Grey H, Almo SC, Roopenian D, Nathenson SG. How H13 histocompatibility peptides differing by a single methyl group and lacking conventional MHC binding anchor motifs determine self-nonself discrimination. J Immunol. 2002;168(1):283-9. 63. Schwartz JC, Zhang X, Nathenson SG, Almo SC. Structural mechanisms of costimulation. Nat Immunol. 2002;3(5):427-34. 64. Shi W, Sarver AE, Wang CC, Tanaka KS, Almo SC, Schramm VL. Closed site complexes of adenine phosphoribosyltransferase from Giardia lamblia reveal a mechanism of ribosyl migration. J Biol Chem. 2002;277(42):39981-8. 65. Tseng Y, Schafer BW, Almo SC, Wirtz D. Functional synergy of actin filament cross-linking proteins. J Biol Chem. 2002;277(28):25609-16. 66. Zhang X, Schwartz JC, Almo SC, Nathenson SG. Expression, refolding, purification, molecular characterization, crystallization, and preliminary X-ray analysis of the receptor binding domain of human B7-2. Protein Expr Purif. 2002;25(1):105-13. 67. Guan JQ, Almo SC, Reisler E, Chance MR. Structural reorganization of proteins revealed by radiolysis and mass spectrometry: G-actin solution structure is divalent cation dependent. Biochemistry. 2003;42(41):11992-2000. 68. Huang RY, Boulton SJ, Vidal M, Almo SC, Bresnick AR, Chance MR. High-throughput expression, purification, and characterization of recombinant Caenorhabditis elegans proteins. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2003;307(4):928-34. 69. Kiselar JG, Janmey PA, Almo SC, Chance MR. Structural analysis of gelsolin using synchrotron protein footprinting. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2003;2(10):1120-32. 70. Kiselar JG, Janmey PA, Almo SC, Chance MR. Visualizing the Ca2+-dependent activation of gelsolin by using synchrotron footprinting. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003;100(7):3942-7. PMCID: 153027. 71. Lewandowicz A, Shi W, Evans GB, Tyler PC, Furneaux RH, Basso LA, Santos DS, Almo SC, Schramm VL. Over-the-barrier transition state analogues and crystal structure with Mycobacterium tuberculosis purine nucleoside phosphorylase. Biochemistry. 2003;42(20):6057-66. 72. Sun JP, Fedorov AA, Lee SY, Guo XL, Shen K, Lawrence DS, Almo SC, Zhang ZY. Crystal structure of PTP1B complexed with a potent and selective bidentate inhibitor. J Biol Chem. 2003;278(14):12406-14. 73. Sun JP, Wu L, Fedorov AA, Almo SC, Zhang ZY. Crystal structure of the Yersinia protein-tyrosine phosphatase YopH complexed with a specific small molecule inhibitor. J Biol Chem. 2003;278(35):333929. 74. Vorobiev S, Strokopytov B, Drubin DG, Frieden C, Ono S, Condeelis J, Rubenstein PA, Almo SC. The structure of nonvertebrate actin: implications for the ATP hydrolytic mechanism. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003;100(10):5760-5. PMCID: 156274. 75. Zhang X, Schwartz JC, Almo SC, Nathenson SG. Crystal structure of the receptor-binding domain of human B7-2: insights into organization and signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003;100(5):2586-91. PMCID: 151384. 76. Bobkov AA, Muhlrad A, Shvetsov A, Benchaar S, Scoville D, Almo SC, Reisler E. Cofilin (ADF) affects lateral contacts in F-actin. J Mol Biol. 2004;337(1):93-104. 77. Dodatko T, Fedorov AA, Grynberg M, Patskovsky Y, Rozwarski DA, Jaroszewski L, Aronoff-Spencer E, Kondraskina E, Irving T, Godzik A, Almo SC. Crystal structure of the actin binding domain of the cyclase-associated protein. Biochemistry. 2004;43(33):10628-41. 78. Guan JQ, Almo SC, Chance MR. Synchrotron radiolysis and mass spectrometry: a new approach to research on the actin cytoskeleton. Acc Chem Res. 2004;37(4):221-9. 79. Klein MG, Shi W, Ramagopal U, Tseng Y, Wirtz D, Kovar DR, Staiger CJ, Almo SC. Structure of the actin crosslinking core of fimbrin. Structure. 2004;12(6):999-1013. 80. Mattila PK, Quintero-Monzon O, Kugler J, Moseley JB, Almo SC, Lappalainen P, Goode BL. A highaffinity interaction with ADP-actin monomers underlies the mechanism and in vivo function of Srv2/cyclase-associated protein. Mol Biol Cell. 2004;15(11):5158-71. PMCID: 524793. 81. Mohri K, Vorobiev S, Fedorov AA, Almo SC, Ono S. Identification of functional residues on Caenorhabditis elegans actin-interacting protein 1 (UNC-78) for disassembly of actin depolymerizing factor/cofilin-bound actin filaments. J Biol Chem. 2004;279(30):31697-707. 82. Muhlrad A, Kudryashov D, Michael Peyser Y, Bobkov AA, Almo SC, Reisler E. Cofilin induced conformational changes in F-actin expose subdomain 2 to proteolysis. J Mol Biol. 2004;342(5):1559-67. 83. Shi W, Ting LM, Kicska GA, Lewandowicz A, Tyler PC, Evans GB, Furneaux RH, Kim K, Almo SC, Schramm VL. Plasmodium falciparum purine nucleoside phosphorylase: crystal structures, immucillin inhibitors, and dual catalytic function. J Biol Chem. 2004;279(18):18103-6. 84. Singh V, Shi W, Evans GB, Tyler PC, Furneaux RH, Almo SC, Schramm VL. Picomolar transition state analogue inhibitors of human 5'-methylthioadenosine phosphorylase and X-ray structure with MTimmucillin-A. Biochemistry. 2004;43(1):9-18. 85. Sukumvanich P, DesMarais V, Sarmiento CV, Wang Y, Ichetovkin I, Mouneimne G, Almo S, Condeelis J. Cellular localization of activated N-WASP using a conformation-sensitive antibody. Cell Motil Cytoskeleton. 2004;59(2):141-52. 86. Zhang X, Schwartz JC, Guo X, Bhatia S, Cao E, Lorenz M, Cammer M, Chen L, Zhang ZY, Edidin MA, Nathenson SG, Almo SC. Structural and functional analysis of the costimulatory receptor programmed death-1. Immunity. 2004;20(3):337-47. 87. Ball T, Edstrom W, Mauch L, Schmitt J, Leistler B, Fiebig H, Sperr WR, Hauswirth AW, Valent P, Kraft D, Almo SC, Valenta R. Gain of structure and IgE epitopes by eukaryotic expression of the major Timothy grass pollen allergen, Phl p 1. Febs J. 2005;272(1):217-27. 88. Bhatia S, Edidin M, Almo SC, Nathenson SG. Different cell surface oligomeric states of B7-1 and B72: implications for signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005;102(43):15569-74. PMCID: 1266120. 89. Bonanno JB, Almo SC, Bresnick A, Chance MR, Fiser A, Swaminathan S, Jiang J, Studier FW, Shapiro L, Lima CD, Gaasterland TM, Sali A, Bain K, Feil I, Gao X, Lorimer D, Ramos A, Sauder JM, Wasserman SR, Emtage S, D'Amico KL, Burley SK. New York-Structural GenomiX Research Consortium (NYSGXRC): a large scale center for the protein structure initiative. J Struct Funct Genomics. 2005;6(23):225-32. 90. Dulyaninova NG, Malashkevich VN, Almo SC, Bresnick AR. Regulation of myosin-IIA assembly and Mts1 binding by heavy chain phosphorylation. Biochemistry. 2005;44(18):6867-76. 91. Guan JQ, Takamoto K, Almo SC, Reisler E, Chance MR. Structure and dynamics of the actin filament. Biochemistry. 2005;44(9):3166-75. 92. Parsa T, Cunningham SJ, Wall SP, Almo SC, Crain EF. The usefulness of urine fluorescence for suspected antifreeze ingestion in children. Am J Emerg Med. 2005;23(6):787-92. 93. Patskovska LN, Patskovsky YV, Almo SC, Hirsch RE. COHbC and COHbS crystallize in the R2 quaternary state at neutral pH in the presence of PEG 4000. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 2005;61(Pt 5):566-73. 94. Quintero-Monzon O, Rodal AA, Strokopytov B, Almo SC, Goode BL. Structural and functional dissection of the Abp1 ADFH actin-binding domain reveals versatile in vivo adapter functions. Mol Biol Cell. 2005;16(7):3128-39. PMCID: 1165398. 95. Ramagopal UA, Dauter Z, Thirumuruhan R, Fedorov E, Almo SC. Radiation-induced site-specific damage of mercury derivatives: phasing and implications. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 2005;61(Pt 9):1289-98. 96. Strokopytov BV, Fedorov A, Mahoney NM, Kessels M, Drubin DG, Almo SC. Phased translation function revisited: structure solution of the cofilin-homology domain from yeast actin-binding protein 1 using six-dimensional searches. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 2005;61(Pt 3):285-93. 97. Sun JP, Wang WQ, Yang H, Liu S, Liang F, Fedorov AA, Almo SC, Zhang ZY. Structure and biochemical properties of PRL-1, a phosphatase implicated in cell growth, differentiation, and tumor invasion. Biochemistry. 2005;44(36):12009-21. 98. Tseng Y, Kole TP, Lee JS, Fedorov E, Almo SC, Schafer BW, Wirtz D. How actin crosslinking and bundling proteins cooperate to generate an enhanced cell mechanical response. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2005;334(1):183-92. 99. Zhan C, Fedorov EV, Shi W, Ramagopal UA, Thirumuruhan R, Manjasetty BA, Almo SC, Fiser A, Chance MR, Fedorov AA. The ybeY protein from Escherichia coli is a metalloprotein. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun. 2005;61(Pt 11):959-63. PMCID: 1978141. 100. Akana J, Fedorov AA, Fedorov E, Novak WR, Babbitt PC, Almo SC, Gerlt JA. D-Ribulose 5phosphate 3-epimerase: functional and structural relationships to members of the ribulose-phosphate binding (beta/alpha)8-barrel superfamily. Biochemistry. 2006;45(8):2493-503. 101. Bhatia S, Edidin M, Almo SC, Nathenson SG. B7-1 and B7-2: similar costimulatory ligands with different biochemical, oligomeric and signaling properties. Immunol Lett. 2006;104(1-2):70-5. 102. Cao E, Ramagopal UA, Fedorov A, Fedorov E, Yan Q, Lary JW, Cole JL, Nathenson SG, Almo SC. NTB-A receptor crystal structure: insights into homophilic interactions in the signaling lymphocytic activation molecule receptor family. Immunity. 2006;25(4):559-70. 103. Chattopadhyay K, Bhatia S, Fiser A, Almo SC, Nathenson SG. Structural basis of inducible costimulator ligand costimulatory function: determination of the cell surface oligomeric state and functional mapping of the receptor binding site of the protein. J Immunol. 2006;177(6):3920-9. 104. Chiu W, Baker ML, Almo SC. Structural biology of cellular machines. Trends Cell Biol. 2006;16(3):144-50. 105. Flicker S, Steinberger P, Ball T, Krauth MT, Verdino P, Valent P, Almo S, Valenta R. Spatial clustering of the IgE epitopes on the major timothy grass pollen allergen Phl p 1: importance for allergenic activity. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2006;117(6):1336-43. 106. Kim J, Malashkevich V, Roday S, Lisbin M, Schramm VL, Almo SC. Structural and kinetic characterization of Escherichia coli TadA, the wobble-specific tRNA deaminase. Biochemistry. 2006;45(20):6407-16. 107. Lazar-Molnar E, Almo SC, Nathenson SG. The interchain disulfide linkage is not a prerequisite but enhances CD28 costimulatory function. Cell Immunol. 2006;244(2):125-9. PMCID: 1976262. 108. Patskovsky Y, Patskovska L, Almo SC, Listowsky I. Transition state model and mechanism of nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions catalyzed by human glutathione S-transferase M1a-1a. Biochemistry. 2006;45(12):3852-62. 109. Roden MM, Brims DR, Fedorov AA, DiLorenzo TP, Almo SC, Nathenson SG. Structural analysis of H2-Db class I molecules containing two different allelic forms of the type 1 diabetes susceptibility factor beta-2 microglobulin: implications for the mechanism underlying variations in antigen presentation. Mol Immunol. 2006;43(9):1370-8. 110. Singh V, Shi W, Almo SC, Evans GB, Furneaux RH, Tyler PC, Painter GF, Lenz DH, Mee S, Zheng R, Schramm VL. Structure and inhibition of a quorum sensing target from Streptococcus pneumoniae. Biochemistry. 2006;45(43):12929-41. PMCID: 2517848. 111. Yew WS, Fedorov AA, Fedorov EV, Rakus JF, Pierce RW, Almo SC, Gerlt JA. Evolution of enzymatic activities in the enolase superfamily: L-fuconate dehydratase from Xanthomonas campestris. Biochemistry. 2006;45(49):14582-97. 112. Yew WS, Fedorov AA, Fedorov EV, Wood BM, Almo SC, Gerlt JA. Evolution of enzymatic activities in the enolase superfamily: D-tartrate dehydratase from Bradyrhizobium japonicum. Biochemistry. 2006;45(49):14598-608. 113. Zhang Y, Vorobiev SM, Gibson BG, Hao B, Sidhu GS, Mishra VS, Yarmola EG, Bubb MR, Almo SC, Southwick FS. A CapG gain-of-function mutant reveals critical structural and functional determinants for actin filament severing. Embo J. 2006;25(19):4458-67. PMCID: 1589989. 114. Almo SC, Bonanno JB, Sauder JM, Emtage S, Dilorenzo TP, Malashkevich V, Wasserman SR, Swaminathan S, Eswaramoorthy S, Agarwal R, Kumaran D, Madegowda M, Ragumani S, Patskovsky Y, Alvarado J, Ramagopal UA, Faber-Barata J, Chance MR, Sali A, Fiser A, Zhang ZY, Lawrence DS, Burley SK. Structural genomics of protein phosphatases. J Struct Funct Genomics. 2007;8(2-3):121-40. 115. Benchaar SA, Xie Y, Phillips M, Loo RR, Galkin VE, Orlova A, Thevis M, Muhlrad A, Almo SC, Loo JA, Egelman EH, Reisler E. Mapping the interaction of cofilin with subdomain 2 on actin. Biochemistry. 2007;46(1):225-33. 116. Cao E, Zang X, Ramagopal UA, Mukhopadhaya A, Fedorov A, Fedorov E, Zencheck WD, Lary JW, Cole JL, Deng H, Xiao H, Dilorenzo TP, Allison JP, Nathenson SG, Almo SC. T cell immunoglobulin mucin-3 crystal structure reveals a galectin-9-independent ligand-binding surface. Immunity. 2007;26(3):311-21. 117. Chattopadhyay K, Ramagopal UA, Mukhopadhaya A, Malashkevich VN, Dilorenzo TP, Brenowitz M, Nathenson SG, Almo SC. Assembly and structural properties of glucocorticoid-induced TNF receptor ligand: Implications for function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007;104(49):19452-7. PMCID: 2148310. 118. Hall RS, Brown S, Fedorov AA, Fedorov EV, Xu C, Babbitt PC, Almo SC, Raushel FM. Structural diversity within the mononuclear and binuclear active sites of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-6-phosphate deacetylase. Biochemistry. 2007;46(27):7953-62. 119. Hermann JC, Marti-Arbona R, Fedorov AA, Fedorov E, Almo SC, Shoichet BK, Raushel FM. Structure-based activity prediction for an enzyme of unknown function. Nature. 2007;448(7155):775-9. PMCID: 2254328. 120. Imker HJ, Fedorov AA, Fedorov EV, Almo SC, Gerlt JA. Mechanistic diversity in the RuBisCO superfamily: the "enolase" in the methionine salvage pathway in Geobacillus kaustophilus. Biochemistry. 2007;46(13):4077-89. 121. Kiselar JG, Mahaffy R, Pollard TD, Almo SC, Chance MR. Visualizing Arp2/3 complex activation mediated by binding of ATP and WASp using structural mass spectrometry. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007;104(5):1552-7. PMCID: 1785275. 122. McLachlan GD, Cahill SM, Girvin ME, Almo SC. Acid-induced equilibrium folding intermediate of human platelet profilin. Biochemistry. 2007;46(23):6931-43. 123. Murkin AS, Birck MR, Rinaldo-Matthis A, Shi W, Taylor EA, Almo SC, Schramm VL. Neighboring group participation in the transition state of human purine nucleoside phosphorylase. Biochemistry. 2007;46(17):5038-49. PMCID: 2526054. 124. Rakus JF, Fedorov AA, Fedorov EV, Glasner ME, Vick JE, Babbitt PC, Almo SC, Gerlt JA. Evolution of enzymatic activities in the enolase superfamily: D-Mannonate dehydratase from Novosphingobium aromaticivorans. Biochemistry. 2007;46(45):12896-908. 125. Rinaldo-Matthis A, Wing C, Ghanem M, Deng H, Wu P, Gupta A, Tyler PC, Evans GB, Furneaux RH, Almo SC, Wang CC, Schramm VL. Inhibition and structure of Trichomonas vaginalis purine nucleoside phosphorylase with picomolar transition state analogues. Biochemistry. 2007;46(3):659-68. PMCID: 2517847. 126. Song L, Kalyanaraman C, Fedorov AA, Fedorov EV, Glasner ME, Brown S, Imker HJ, Babbitt PC, Almo SC, Jacobson MP, Gerlt JA. Prediction and assignment of function for a divergent N-succinyl amino acid racemase. Nat Chem Biol. 2007;3(8):486-91. 127. Taylor EA, Rinaldo-Matthis A, Li L, Ghanem M, Hazleton KZ, Cassera MB, Almo SC, Schramm VL. Anopheles gambiae purine nucleoside phosphorylase: catalysis, structure, and inhibition. Biochemistry. 2007;46(43):12405-15. 128. Velge P, Herler M, Johansson J, Roche SM, Temoin S, Fedorov AA, Gracieux P, Almo SC, Goebel W, Cossart P. A naturally occurring mutation K220T in the pleiotropic activator PrfA of Listeria monocytogenes results in a loss of virulence due to decreasing DNA-binding affinity. Microbiology. 2007;153(Pt 4):995-1005. 129. Vrtala S, Focke M, Kopec J, Verdino P, Hartl A, Sperr WR, Fedorov AA, Ball T, Almo S, Valent P, Thalhamer J, Keller W, Valenta R. Genetic engineering of the major timothy grass pollen allergen, Phl p 6, to reduce allergenic activity and preserve immunogenicity. J Immunol. 2007;179(3):1730-9. 130. Yan Q, Malashkevich VN, Fedorov A, Fedorov E, Cao E, Lary JW, Cole JL, Nathenson SG, Almo SC. Structure of CD84 provides insight into SLAM family function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007;104(25):10583-8. PMCID: 1965556. 131. Yew WS, Fedorov AA, Fedorov EV, Almo SC, Gerlt JA. Evolution of enzymatic activities in the enolase superfamily: L-talarate/galactarate dehydratase from Salmonella typhimurium LT2. Biochemistry. 2007;46(33):9564-77. 132. Chan KK, Fedorov AA, Fedorov EV, Almo SC, Gerlt JA. Structural basis for substrate specificity in phosphate binding (beta/alpha)8-barrels: D-allulose 6-phosphate 3-epimerase from Escherichia coli K12. Biochemistry. 2008;47(36):9608-17. PMCID: 2597415. 133. Chao JA, Patskovsky Y, Almo SC, Singer RH. Structural basis for the coevolution of a viral RNAprotein complex. Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2008;15(1):103-5. 134. Chattopadhyay K, Ramagopal UA, Brenowitz M, Nathenson SG, Almo SC. Evolution of GITRL immune function: murine GITRL exhibits unique structural and biochemical properties within the TNF superfamily. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008;105(2):635-40. PMCID: 2206588. 135. Graslund S, Nordlund P, Weigelt J, Hallberg BM, Bray J, Gileadi O, Knapp S, Oppermann U, Arrowsmith C, Hui R, Ming J, dhe-Paganon S, Park HW, Savchenko A, Yee A, Edwards A, Vincentelli R, Cambillau C, Kim R, Kim SH, Rao Z, Shi Y, Terwilliger TC, Kim CY, Hung LW, Waldo GS, Peleg Y, Albeck S, Unger T, Dym O, Prilusky J, Sussman JL, Stevens RC, Lesley SA, Wilson IA, Joachimiak A, Collart F, Dementieva I, Donnelly MI, Eschenfeldt WH, Kim Y, Stols L, Wu R, Zhou M, Burley SK, Emtage JS, Sauder JM, Thompson D, Bain K, Luz J, Gheyi T, Zhang F, Atwell S, Almo SC, Bonanno JB, Fiser A, Swaminathan S, Studier FW, Chance MR, Sali A, Acton TB, Xiao R, Zhao L, Ma LC, Hunt JF, Tong L, Cunningham K, Inouye M, Anderson S, Janjua H, Shastry R, Ho CK, Wang D, Wang H, Jiang M, Montelione GT, Stuart DI, Owens RJ, Daenke S, Schutz A, Heinemann U, Yokoyama S, Bussow K, Gunsalus KC. Protein production and purification. Nat Methods. 2008;5(2):135-46. 136. Hudkins RL, Diebold JL, Tao M, Josef KA, Park CH, Angeles TS, Aimone LD, Husten J, Ator MA, Meyer SL, Holskin BP, Durkin JT, Fedorov AA, Fedorov EV, Almo SC, Mathiasen JR, Bozyczko-Coyne D, Saporito MS, Scott RW, Mallamo JP. Mixed-lineage kinase 1 and mixed-lineage kinase 3 subtypeselective dihydronaphthyl[3,4-a]pyrrolo[3,4-c]carbazole-5-ones: optimization, mixed-lineage kinase 1 crystallography, and oral in vivo activity in 1-methyl-4-phenyltetrahydropyridine models. J Med Chem. 2008;51(18):5680-9. 137. Kalyanaraman C, Imker HJ, Fedorov AA, Fedorov EV, Glasner ME, Babbitt PC, Almo SC, Gerlt JA, Jacobson MP. Discovery of a dipeptide epimerase enzymatic function guided by homology modeling and virtual screening. Structure. 2008;16(11):1668-77. PMCID: 2714228. 138. Kim J, Tsai PC, Chen SL, Himo F, Almo SC, Raushel FM. Structure of diethyl phosphate bound to the binuclear metal center of phosphotriesterase. Biochemistry. 2008;47(36):9497-504. PMCID: 2725523. 139. Lazar-Molnar E, Gacser A, Freeman GJ, Almo SC, Nathenson SG, Nosanchuk JD. The PD1/PD-L costimulatory pathway critically affects host resistance to the pathogenic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008;105(7):2658-63. PMCID: 2268192. 140. Lazar-Molnar E, Yan Q, Cao E, Ramagopal U, Nathenson SG, Almo SC. Crystal structure of the complex between programmed death-1 (PD-1) and its ligand PD-L2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008;105(30):10483-8. PMCID: 2492495. 141. Malashkevich VN, Varney KM, Garrett SC, Wilder PT, Knight D, Charpentier TH, Ramagopal UA, Almo SC, Weber DJ, Bresnick AR. Structure of Ca2+-bound S100A4 and its interaction with peptides derived from nonmuscle myosin-IIA. Biochemistry. 2008;47(18):5111-26. PMCID: 2633413. 142. Nguyen TT, Brown S, Fedorov AA, Fedorov EV, Babbitt PC, Almo SC, Raushel FM. At the periphery of the amidohydrolase superfamily: Bh0493 from Bacillus halodurans catalyzes the isomerization of D-galacturonate to D-tagaturonate. Biochemistry. 2008;47(4):1194-206. 143. Rakus JF, Fedorov AA, Fedorov EV, Glasner ME, Hubbard BK, Delli JD, Babbitt PC, Almo SC, Gerlt JA. Evolution of enzymatic activities in the enolase superfamily: L-rhamnonate dehydratase. Biochemistry. 2008;47(38):9944-54. PMCID: 2562705. 144. Rinaldo-Matthis A, Murkin AS, Ramagopal UA, Clinch K, Mee SP, Evans GB, Tyler PC, Furneaux RH, Almo SC, Schramm VL. L-Enantiomers of transition state analogue inhibitors bound to human purine nucleoside phosphorylase. J Am Chem Soc. 2008;130(3):842-4. PMCID: 2531256. 145. Alvarado JJ, Nemkal A, Sauder JM, Russell M, Akiyoshi DE, Shi W, Almo SC, Weiss LM. Structure of a microsporidian methionine aminopeptidase type 2 complexed with fumagillin and TNP-470. Mol Biochem Parasitol. 2009;168(2):158-67. PMCID: 2759695. 146. Ball T, Linhart B, Sonneck K, Blatt K, Herrmann H, Valent P, Stoecklinger A, Lupinek C, Thalhamer J, Fedorov AA, Almo SC, Valenta R. Reducing allergenicity by altering allergen fold: a mosaic protein of Phl p 1 for allergy vaccination. Allergy. 2009;64(4):569-80. 147. Burgos ES, Ho MC, Almo SC, Schramm VL. A phosphoenzyme mimic, overlapping catalytic sites and reaction coordinate motion for human NAMPT. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009;106(33):13748-53. PMCID: 2728965. 148. Chan KK, Wood BM, Fedorov AA, Fedorov EV, Imker HJ, Amyes TL, Richard JP, Almo SC, Gerlt JA. Mechanism of the orotidine 5'-monophosphate decarboxylase-catalyzed reaction: evidence for substrate destabilization. Biochemistry. 2009;48(24):5518-31. PMCID: 2697262. 149. Chattopadhyay K, Lazar-Molnar E, Yan Q, Rubinstein R, Zhan C, Vigdorovich V, Ramagopal UA, Bonanno J, Nathenson SG, Almo SC. Sequence, structure, function, immunity: structural genomics of costimulation. Immunol Rev. 2009;229(1):356-86. PMCID: 3001128. 150. Chattopadhyay K, Ramagopal UA, Nathenson SG, Almo SC. 1.8 A structure of murine GITR ligand dimer expressed in Drosophila melanogaster S2 cells. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 2009;65(Pt 5):434-9. PMCID: 2672815. 151. Cummings JA, Fedorov AA, Xu C, Brown S, Fedorov E, Babbitt PC, Almo SC, Raushel FM. Annotating enzymes of uncertain function: the deacylation of D-amino acids by members of the amidohydrolase superfamily. Biochemistry. 2009;48(27):6469-81. PMCID: 2748305. 152. Drumm JE, Mi K, Bilder P, Sun M, Lim J, Bielefeldt-Ohmann H, Basaraba R, So M, Zhu G, Tufariello JM, Izzo AA, Orme IM, Almo SC, Leyh TS, Chan J. Mycobacterium tuberculosis universal stress protein Rv2623 regulates bacillary growth by ATP-Binding: requirement for establishing chronic persistent infection. PLoS Pathog. 2009;5(5):e1000460. PMCID: 2682197. 153. Gutierrez JA, Crowder T, Rinaldo-Matthis A, Ho MC, Almo SC, Schramm VL. Transition state analogs of 5'-methylthioadenosine nucleosidase disrupt quorum sensing. Nat Chem Biol. 2009;5(4):251-7. PMCID: 2743263. 154. Ho MC, Cassera MB, Madrid DC, Ting LM, Tyler PC, Kim K, Almo SC, Schramm VL. Structural and metabolic specificity of methylthiocoformycin for malarial adenosine deaminases. Biochemistry. 2009;48(40):9618-26. PMCID: 2771402. 155. Ho MC, Sturm MB, Almo SC, Schramm VL. Transition state analogues in structures of ricin and saporin ribosome-inactivating proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009;106(48):20276-81. PMCID: 2787146. 156. Leiman PG, Basler M, Ramagopal UA, Bonanno JB, Sauder JM, Pukatzki S, Burley SK, Almo SC, Mekalanos JJ. Type VI secretion apparatus and phage tail-associated protein complexes share a common evolutionary origin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009;106(11):4154-9. PMCID: 2657435. 157. Nguyen TT, Fedorov AA, Williams L, Fedorov EV, Li Y, Xu C, Almo SC, Raushel FM. The mechanism of the reaction catalyzed by uronate isomerase illustrates how an isomerase may have evolved from a hydrolase within the amidohydrolase superfamily. Biochemistry. 2009;48(37):8879-90. PMCID: 2773443. 158. Pieper U, Chiang R, Seffernick JJ, Brown SD, Glasner ME, Kelly L, Eswar N, Sauder JM, Bonanno JB, Swaminathan S, Burley SK, Zheng X, Chance MR, Almo SC, Gerlt JA, Raushel FM, Jacobson MP, Babbitt PC, Sali A. Target selection and annotation for the structural genomics of the amidohydrolase and enolase superfamilies. J Struct Funct Genomics. 2009;10(2):107-25. PMCID: 2693957. 159. Rakus JF, Kalyanaraman C, Fedorov AA, Fedorov EV, Mills-Groninger FP, Toro R, Bonanno J, Bain K, Sauder JM, Burley SK, Almo SC, Jacobson MP, Gerlt JA. Computation-facilitated assignment of the function in the enolase superfamily: a regiochemically distinct galactarate dehydratase from Oceanobacillus iheyensis. Biochemistry. 2009;48(48):11546-58. PMCID: 2787699. 160. Sakai A, Fedorov AA, Fedorov EV, Schnoes AM, Glasner ME, Brown S, Rutter ME, Bain K, Chang S, Gheyi T, Sauder JM, Burley SK, Babbitt PC, Almo SC, Gerlt JA. Evolution of enzymatic activities in the enolase superfamily: stereochemically distinct mechanisms in two families of cis,cismuconate lactonizing enzymes. Biochemistry. 2009;48(7):1445-53. PMCID: 2746992. 161. Sampaleanu LM, Bonanno JB, Ayers M, Koo J, Tammam S, Burley SK, Almo SC, Burrows LL, Howell PL. Periplasmic domains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PilN and PilO form a stable heterodimeric complex. J Mol Biol. 2009;394(1):143-59. 162. Subach FV, Malashkevich VN, Zencheck WD, Xiao H, Filonov GS, Almo SC, Verkhusha VV. Photoactivation mechanism of PAmCherry based on crystal structures of the protein in the dark and fluorescent states. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009;106(50):21097-102. PMCID: 2795494. 163. Xiang DF, Kolb P, Fedorov AA, Meier MM, Fedorov LV, Nguyen TT, Sterner R, Almo SC, Shoichet BK, Raushel FM. Functional annotation and three-dimensional structure of Dr0930 from Deinococcus radiodurans, a close relative of phosphotriesterase in the amidohydrolase superfamily. Biochemistry. 2009;48(10):2237-47. 164. Xiang DF, Patskovsky Y, Xu C, Meyer AJ, Sauder JM, Burley SK, Almo SC, Raushel FM. Functional identification of incorrectly annotated prolidases from the amidohydrolase superfamily of enzymes. Biochemistry. 2009;48(17):3730-42. PMCID: 2683473. 165. Zencheck WD, Xiao H, Nolen BJ, Angeletti RH, Pollard TD, Almo SC. Nucleotide- and activatordependent structural and dynamic changes of arp2/3 complex monitored by hydrogen/deuterium exchange and mass spectrometry. J Mol Biol. 2009;390(3):414-27. PMCID: 2983480. 166. Zhan C, Yan Q, Patskovsky Y, Li Z, Toro R, Meyer A, Cheng H, Brenowitz M, Nathenson SG, Almo SC. Biochemical and structural characterization of the human TL1A ectodomain. Biochemistry. 2009;48(32):7636-45. PMCID: 2790920. 167. Achkar JM, Jenny-Avital E, Yu X, Burger S, Leibert E, Bilder PW, Almo SC, Casadevall A, Laal S. Antibodies against immunodominant antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in subjects with suspected tuberculosis in the United States compared by HIV status. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2010;17(3):384-92. PMCID: 2837951. 168. Bhatia S, Sun K, Almo SC, Nathenson SG, Hodes RJ. Dynamic equilibrium of B7-1 dimers and monomers differentially affects immunological synapse formation and T cell activation in response to TCR/CD28 stimulation. J Immunol. 2010;184(4):1821-8. 169. Brims DR, Qian J, Jarchum I, Mikesh L, Palmieri E, Ramagopal UA, Malashkevich VN, Chaparro RJ, Lund T, Hattori M, Shabanowitz J, Hunt DF, Nathenson SG, Almo SC, Dilorenzo TP. Predominant occupation of the class I MHC molecule H-2Kwm7 with a single self-peptide suggests a mechanism for its diabetes-protective effect. Int Immunol. 2010;22(3):191-203. PMCID: 2829095. 170. Chao JA, Patskovsky Y, Patel V, Levy M, Almo SC, Singer RH. ZBP1 recognition of beta-actin zipcode induces RNA looping. Genes Dev. 2010;24(2):148-58. PMCID: 2807350. 171. Cummings JA, Nguyen TT, Fedorov AA, Kolb P, Xu C, Fedorov EV, Shoichet BK, Barondeau DP, Almo SC, Raushel FM. Structure, mechanism, and substrate profile for Sco3058: the closest bacterial homologue to human renal dipeptidase. Biochemistry. 2010;49(3):611-22. PMCID: 2808448. 172. Hall RS, Fedorov AA, Marti-Arbona R, Fedorov EV, Kolb P, Sauder JM, Burley SK, Shoichet BK, Almo SC, Raushel FM. The hunt for 8-oxoguanine deaminase. J Am Chem Soc. 2010;132(6):1762-3. PMCID: 2820149. 173. Ho MC, Shi W, Rinaldo-Matthis A, Tyler PC, Evans GB, Clinch K, Almo SC, Schramm VL. Four generations of transition-state analogues for human purine nucleoside phosphorylase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010;107(11):4805-12. PMCID: 2841916. 174. Hudkins RL, Zulli AL, Underiner TL, Angeles TS, Aimone LD, Meyer SL, Pauletti D, Chang H, Fedorov EV, Almo SC, Fedorov AA, Ruggeri BA. 8-THP-DHI analogs as potent Type I dual TIE-2/VEGFR2 receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2010;20(11):3356-60. 175. Lazar-Molnar E, Chen B, Sweeney KA, Wang EJ, Liu W, Lin J, Porcelli SA, Almo SC, Nathenson SG, Jacobs WR, Jr. Programmed death-1 (PD-1)-deficient mice are extraordinarily sensitive to tuberculosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010;107(30):13402-7. PMCID: 2922129. 176. Li ZH, Dulyaninova NG, House RP, Almo SC, Bresnick AR. S100A4 regulates macrophage chemotaxis. Mol Biol Cell. 2010;21(15):2598-610. PMCID: 2912347. 177. Malashkevich VN, Dulyaninova NG, Ramagopal UA, Liriano MA, Varney KM, Knight D, Brenowitz M, Weber DJ, Almo SC, Bresnick AR. Phenothiazines inhibit S100A4 function by inducing protein oligomerization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010;107(19):8605-10. PMCID: 2889333. 178. Piatkevich KD, Malashkevich VN, Almo SC, Verkhusha VV. Engineering ESPT pathways based on structural analysis of LSSmKate red fluorescent proteins with large Stokes shift. J Am Chem Soc. 2010;132(31):10762-70. PMCID: 2919691. 179. Sampathkumar P, Lu F, Zhao X, Li Z, Gilmore J, Bain K, Rutter ME, Gheyi T, Schwinn KD, Bonanno JB, Pieper U, Fajardo JE, Fiser A, Almo SC, Swaminathan S, Chance MR, Baker D, Atwell S, Thompson DA, Emtage JS, Wasserman SR, Sali A, Sauder JM, Burley SK. Structure of a putative BenFlike porin from Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5 at 2.6 A resolution. Proteins. 2010;78(14):3056-62. PMCID: 2989796. 180. Sedeh RS, Fedorov AA, Fedorov EV, Ono S, Matsumura F, Almo SC, Bathe M. Structure, evolutionary conservation, and conformational dynamics of Homo sapiens fascin-1, an F-actin crosslinking protein. J Mol Biol. 2010;400(3):589-604. 181. Seffernick JL, Reynolds E, Fedorov AA, Fedorov E, Almo SC, Sadowsky MJ, Wackett LP. X-ray structure and mutational analysis of the atrazine Chlorohydrolase TrzN. J Biol Chem. 2010;285(40):30606-14. PMCID: 2945555. 182. Subach OM, Malashkevich VN, Zencheck WD, Morozova KS, Piatkevich KD, Almo SC, Verkhusha VV. Structural characterization of acylimine-containing blue and red chromophores in mTagBFP and TagRFP fluorescent proteins. Chem Biol. 2010;17(4):333-41. PMCID: 2862997. 183. Tsai PC, Fan Y, Kim J, Yang L, Almo SC, Gao YQ, Raushel FM. Structural determinants for the stereoselective hydrolysis of chiral substrates by phosphotriesterase. Biochemistry. 2010;49(37):7988-97. PMCID: 2945819. 184. Wisedchaisri G, Dranow DM, Lie TJ, Bonanno JB, Patskovsky Y, Ozyurt SA, Sauder JM, Almo SC, Wasserman SR, Burley SK, Leigh JA, Gonen T. Structural underpinnings of nitrogen regulation by the prototypical nitrogen-responsive transcriptional factor NrpR. Structure. 2010;18(11):1512-21. PMCID: 2996049. 185. Wood BM, Amyes TL, Fedorov AA, Fedorov EV, Shabila A, Almo SC, Richard JP, Gerlt JA. Conformational changes in orotidine 5'-monophosphate decarboxylase: "remote" residues that stabilize the active conformation. Biochemistry. 2010;49(17):3514-6. 186. Xiang DF, Patskovsky Y, Xu C, Fedorov AA, Fedorov EV, Sisco AA, Sauder JM, Burley SK, Almo SC, Raushel FM. Functional identification and structure determination of two novel prolidases from cog1228 in the amidohydrolase superfamily. Biochemistry. 2010;49(31):6791-803. PMCID: 2914802. 187. Cassera MB, Ho MC, Merino EF, Burgos ES, Rinaldo-Matthis A, Almo SC, Schramm VL. A HighAffinity Adenosine Kinase from Anopheles gambiae. Biochemistry. 2011;50(11):1885-93. PMCID: 3059358. 188. Guan R, Ho MC, Almo SC, Schramm VL. Methylthioinosine phosphorylase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Structure and annotation of a novel enzyme in quorum sensing. Biochemistry. 2011;50(7):1247-54. PMCID: 3040260. 189. Wang L, Rubinstein R, Lines JL, Wasiuk A, Ahonen C, Guo Y, Lu LF, Gondek D, Wang Y, Fava RA, Fiser A, Almo S, Noelle RJ. VISTA, a novel mouse Ig superfamily ligand that negatively regulates T cell responses. J Exp Med. 2011;208(3):577-92. PMCID: 3058578. 190. Zhan C, Patskovsky Y, Yan Q, Li Z, Ramagopal U, Cheng H, Brenowitz M, Hui X, Nathenson SG, Almo SC. Decoy strategies: the structure of TL1A:DcR3 complex. Structure. 2011;19(2):162-71. PMCID: 3065972. 191. Magalhães ML, Czekster CM, Guan R, Malashkevich VN, Almo SC, Levy M. Evolved streptavidin mutants reveal key role of loop residue in high-affinity binding. Protein Sci. 2011 Jul;20(7):1145-54. PMID: 21520321. 192. Roche CJ, Malashkevich V, Balazs TC, Dantsker D, Chen Q, Moreira J, Almo SC, Friedman JM, Hirsch RE. Structural and functional studies indicating altered redox properties of hemoglobin E: implications for production of bioactive nitric oxide. J Biol Chem. 2011 Jul 1;286(26):23452-66. PMID: 21531715. 193. Hall RS, Fedorov AA, Xu C, Fedorov EV, Almo SC, Raushel FM. Three-dimensional structure and catalytic mechanism of cytosine deaminase. Biochemistry. 2011 Jun 7;50(22):5077-85. PMID: 21545144. 194. Hitchcock DS, Fedorov AA, Fedorov EV, Dangott LJ, Almo SC, Raushel FM. Rescue of the orphan enzyme isoguanine deaminase. Biochemistry. 2011 Jun 28;50(25):5555-7. PMID: 21604715. 195. Dulyaninova NG, Hite KM, Zencheck WD, Scudiero DA, Almo SC, Shoemaker RH, Bresnick AR. Cysteine 81 Is Critical for the Interaction of S100A4 and Myosin-IIA. Biochemistry. 2011 Aug 23;50(33):7218-27.PMID: 21749055. 196. Samanta D, Mukherjee G, Ramagopal UA, Chaparro RJ, Nathenson SG, Dilorenzo TP, Almo SC. Structural and functional characterization of a single-chain peptide-MHC molecule that modulates both naive and activated CD8+ T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Aug 16;108(33):13682-7. PMID: 21825122. 197. Iiams V, Desai B, Fedorov AA, Fedorov EV, Almo SC, Gerlt JA. Mechanism of the Orotidine 5' Monophosphate Decarboxylase Catalyzed Reaction: Importance of Residues in the Orotate Binding Site. Biochemistry. 2011 Aug 26. [Epub ahead of print]PMID: 21870810. Research Support U54 GM094662 Almo, Steven (PI) 9/1/10-6/30/15 NIH/NIGMS The NYSGRC: A Large Scale Center for PSI:Biology The New York Structural Genomic Research Consortium (NYSGRC) is one of the four NIGMSsupported Protein Structure Initiative (PSI) high-throughput production centers. The goals of this center are the development and establishment of platforms and technologies that support high-throughput structure, with a particular focus on eukaryotic protein secreted proteins and multi-protein assemblies. U01 GM94665 Nathenson, Stan (PI) 9/1/10-6/30/15 NIH/NIGMS Atoms-to-Animals: Structural Genomics of Immunity This is a PSI Partnership Center focusing on the secreted and cell surface molecules that control innate and adaptive immunity. This Center will direct the efforts of the NYSGRC to target immune regulatory proteins for high-throughput expression, purification and structure determination. Based on these structures, this grant will support the generation of proteins and mouse models for mechanistic dissection and therapeutic development. A major aspect of this work is the establishment of the Immune Function Network (IFN), a national consortium on immunologists that will exploit the protein reagents and mouse model systems. P01 GM071790 Gerlt, John (PI) 9/15/09-4/30/14 NIH/NIGMS Structural Bases for Catalytic Efficiency and Substrate Specificity This initiative focuses on the functional annotation of enzymes within the enolase and amidohydrolase superfamilies. Sali is a Co-PI on the grant. U54 GM093342 Gerlt, John (PI) 5/20/10-4/30/15 NIH/NIGMS This multi-institutional U54 Center is focused on the development of new approaches and the establishment of the infrastructure for the large-scale annotation of function. These efforts include high-throughput protein production, structure determination, computational docking, experimental library screening and in vivo validation of in vitro functions using microbiology and metabolomics. Sali is a CoPI on the grant. U54-AI057158-06S1; Lipkin Almo, Steve (PI) 9/17/09–8/31/11 NIH/NIAID Northeast Biodefense Center Genes-to-vaccines: a novel platform for genome-wide T cell epitope discovery The overall goal of this ARRA-supported project is to develop a new experimental platform for the rapid and systematic identification of all relevant T cell epitopes from NIAID Category A, B, and C pathogens as well as emerging/re-emerging infectious diseases. RO1 AI07289 Nathenson, PI; Almo, Co-PI 6/01/02-5/31/12 NIH/NIAID NIH Molecular and Structural Basis for Costimulation This grant supports detailed structural and biochemical studies on the CD28 family, the TIM family and PD-1. Northeast Biodefense Center (NBC) Lipkin, Ian (PI) 3/01/08-2/28/14 NIH/NIAID Protein Reagent Core The overall goal this work is to establish high-throughput eukaryotic protein expression capabilities to support the investigators of the NBC. R01 GM41916 Schramm, Vern (PI) 8/01/98-7/31/12 NIH/NIGMS "Transition State Analysis of Enzymatic Reactions" X-ray crystallography on nucleoside hydrolase from Crithidia fasciculata. P30 CA013330 NIH/NCI Structural Biology Facility Goldman, David, (PI) 7/01/07-6/30/11