Unit 5 Test - Protection
Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1. Which muscles attached to the hair follicles cause goose bumps?
a. arrector integument
c. levator folliculi
b. arrector pili
d. arrector folliculi
2. The epidermis is responsible for protecting the body against invasion of bacteria and other foreign agents
primarily because it is composed of
a. stratified columnar epithelium
b. three layers of keratinized cells only
c. four different cell shapes found in five distinct layers.
d. a tough layer of connective tissue.
3. The papillary layer of the dermis is connective tissue heavily invested with blood vessels. The superior
surface has structures called
a. dermal papillae
c. ceruminous glands
b. hair follicles
d. reticular papillae
4. Which of the following statements indicates the way in which the body’s natural defenses protect the skin
from the effects of UV damage?
a. The skin is protected by the synthesis of three pigments that contribute to the skin’s color.
b. Carotene is synthesized in large amounts in the presence of sunlight.
c. The skin is protected by activating an immune system response
d. Prolonged exposure to the sun induces melanin dispersion, which acts as a natural
sunscreen.
5. What is the first threat to life from a massive third-degree burn?
a. infection
c. unbearable pain
b. dehydration
d. loss of immune function
6. The structure of bones suits the function. Which of the following bones is adapted to hold up against stress?
a. spongy bone
c. compact bone
b. irregular bone
d. trabecular bone
7. The cell responsible for forming new bone is the
a. osteocyte
c. osteoclast
b. osteoblast
d. chondrocyte
8. A fracture in the shaft of a bone would be a break in the
a. epiphysis
c. disphysis
b. metaphysis
d. articular cartilage
9. Which of the following is (are) NOT the function(s) of the skeletal systems?
a. support
c. production of blood cells
b. storage of minerals
d. strength
10. Bones are covered and lined by a protective tissue called periosteum. The inner layer consists primarily of
a. cartilage and compact bone
c. osteoblasts and osteoclasts
b. marrow and osteons
d. chondrocytes
11. Which hormone increases osteoclast activity to release more calcium ions into the bloodstream?
a. calcitonin
c. parathyroid hormone (PTH)
b. thyroxine
d. estrogen
12. Which blood type is called the universal donor?
a. A
c. AB
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b. B
d. O
An individual who is blood type AB
a. can receive any blood type.
b. can donate to all blood types.
c. can recieve A, B and AB, but not type O.
d. can donate types A, B, and AB, but not type O
Select the correct statement about lymphocytes
a. The two main types are T-cells and macrophages
b. B-cells produce plasma cells, which secrete antibodies into the blood.
c. T-cells are the precursors of B-cells.
d. T-cells are theonly form of lymphocyte.
Which of the following is NOT a component of lymph?
a. water
c. red blood cells
b. plasma proteins
d. ions
B-cells develop in the
a. thymus
c. bone marrow
b. spleen
d. lymph nodes
The system the recognizes foreign molecules and acts to immoblize, neutralize, or destroy the is the
a. integumentary system
c. immune system
b. renal system
d. lymphatic system
What of the following choices is the correct order of healing of a bone fracture?
a. hematoma formation, fibrocartilage callus fromation, bony callus formation, bone
remodeling
b. firborcartilage callus formation, bony callus formation, hematoma formation, bone
remodeling
c. hematoma formation, bony callus formation, fibrocartilage callus formation, bone
remodeling
d. fibrocartilage callus formation, hematoma formation, bony callus formation, bone
remodeling
Matching
Match the following types of fractures with the descriptions below. Not all choices will be used.
a. open vs. closed
e. depression
b. transverse
f. spiral
c. compression
g. oblique
d. comminuted
h. greenstick
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fracture that breaks on an angle across a bone.
fracture where the bone in crushed
fracture where the bone breaks into pieces
fracture where bone portion is pressed inward
fracture that breaks at a right angle to the bones axis.
fracture where bone breaks incompletely.
Match the following with the descriptions below.
a. Anitbody
d. Macrophage
b. B-cell
e. memory cell
c. Lymphocyte
f. T-cell
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cells that originate in the stem cells; form of white blood cells.
develops in bone marrow; produces antibodies
is the effector of immune repsonse
engulfs bacteria and dead cells by phagocytosis
responsible for cell-mediated immunity under the influence of the thymus
____ 30. carries the antibody or receptor for a specific anitgen after a first exporsure to an antigen.
Essay
31. If the body has low level of calcium in the blood, the body will take steps in order to increase the level of
calcium in the blood. Explain the steps/process the body takes in order to raise the level of calcium in the
blood.
32. How does the overall structure of bone provide strength and flexibility but keep bone from being too bulky or
heavy?
33. The temperature yesterday was an uncomfortable 98ºF. You unwisely chose to play tennis at noon, counting
on your body’s internal defenses to protect you against heat exhaustion. How did your body repsond to this
distress?
34. The Waldorf family was caught in a fire. Unfortunately the fater suffered burns. He had second-degree burns
on his chest, abdomen, and both arms, and third-degree burns on his entire left lower extermity. He
experiences a good deal of pain in the area of his chest and abdomen, but little pain in the leg, why?
Unit 5 Test - Protection
Answer Section
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1.
2.
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ANS:
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B
C
A
D
B
A
B
C
D
C
C
A
A
B
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C
C
A
MATCHING
19.
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24.
ANS:
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G
C
D
E
B
H
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30.
ANS:
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C
B
A
D
F
E
ESSAY
31. ANS:
Parathyroid gland releases PTH. PTH stimulates osteoclasts to degrade the bone matrix and release calcium
ions in the blood. Calcium ion level in the blood return to normal.
32. ANS:
Answers will vary
33. ANS:
Thermoreceptors in the skin relayed a message to the brain. The hypothallumus repsonded by sending
impulses to sweat glands, which released their watery products, which in turn evaporated and cooled the
body. Also, blood vessels in the dermis dilated and released heat.
34. ANS:
He doesn’t experience much pain in his leg because thrid-degree burns sear nerve endings off. When the
tissue regenerates, the pain will return. Second-degree burns are usually very painful because the of the
irriation to the nerve endings.