Instruction in Responsible Conduct of Research Currently, all research trainees, including predoctoral and postdoctoral trainees at the University of Rochester, are required to complete and pass a course in the Ethics and Professional Integrity in Research. Two courses are offered in parallel in the first semester: IND501: Ethics in Research (Instructor: David Pearce, PhD), is designed for basic science trainees; IND 503: Ethics and Professional Integrity in Research is designed for clinical and translational science trainees. The two courses provide the same core of 6 lectures and then split off for discussion groups/case studies on use of animals in research (IND 501) or protection of human subjects (IND 503). The syllabus for this course is shown in Appendix II. The instructor is Gary Chadwick, DPharm, Professor of Community and Preventive Medicine and Director of the Office of Human Subjects Protection. This course is considered a minimum requirement for this broad and important topic. Several enhancements to this important instruction will be encouraged. First, regarding ethical treatment of research subjects, all trainees will complete the on-line course: “Protection of Human Subjects in Research” and receive Human Subjects Protection Program (HSPP) Certification. Second, the Skill-Building Workshop: “Recruitment and Retention of Research Subjects” is considered to be a second course in the series following IND 503 and will be required, dealing with ethics during the recruitment of human research subjects. Third, the Workshop: “Research Program Administration” has several components specifically dealing with compliance with ethical standards in research, conflict of interest, etc. (See Syllabus in Appendix II). Postdoctoral trainees must complete this program. Finally, one Clinical and Translational Research Seminar of each month is given to the Office of Human Subjects Protection (G. Chadwick, PhD, Director) to update attendees as to new ethical and regulatory issues in Clinical Research, as the continuing education component to Instruction in responsible conduct of research. Finally, individual lectures which deal with issues of ethics and scientific integrity are incorporated into required coursework such as PM415, Introduction to Epidemiology, and PM438, Practical Skills in Grant Writing.