Name_____________________________
Learning Goal: I will understand how Americans
benefited from progressive reforms.
Chapter 21 - The Progressive Era Vocabulary
Section 1 (Pages 672-677)
Progressivism – reform movements that sought to
raise living standards and correct wrongs in
American society.
Section 2 (679-681)
Muckraker – writer who exposed corruption in
American society.
Sixteenth Amendment – amendment that gave
Congress the power to create income taxes
Patronage – exchanging government jobs and
contracts for political support.
Seventeenth Amendment – amendment that
provided for the direct election of U.S. senators
Sherman Antitrust Act – law that made it illegal
for corporations to gain control of industries by
forming trusts.
Bull Moose Party – progressive political party in
1912 presidential election
Theodore Roosevelt – president who led
progressive reforms
Clayton Antitrust Act – legislation that
strengthened the Sherman Antitrust Act’s power
Direct Primary – election in which voters, not
party conventions, choose candidates to run for
public office.
Federal Reserve Act – law that created the modern
banking system. Gave the government more control
over the nation’s money supply
Conservation – controlling resource usage.
Revenue – income
William Howard Taft – Republican elected
president in 1908
1. Explain the three societal goals of the Progressive reforms.
Progressivism is the reform (change) movements that sought to raise
standards of living and correct wrongs in American society. Reformer looked
at 3 areas:
a.Promoting social reform: changes that would help
the people directly; poor, unemployed, immigrants,
& workers.
b.Expanding Democracy: getting qualified workers
for government jobs, and getting voters or more
voters directly involved in the government.
c. Creating Economic Reform: limit the power of big
business. Also, changes in the way government
handles the nation’s money.
2. Describe the role of the muckrakers with the reform movement and
give one example.
A muckraker was a journalist who uncovered and reported about government corruption
and bad working and living conditions.
Jacob Riis: Wrote and photographed the horrible living conditions in the slums of New
York City. He wrote the book “ How the Other Half Lives.”
Upton Sinclair: wrote the book “The Jungle.” The book told of the poor working conditions
and terrible practices, such as using spoiled meat, and leaving rats in the sausage, in the
meat packing industry. After TR read the book, the Meat Inspection Act of 1906 was
passed.
In the Grand Canyon, Arizona has a
natural wonder which is in kind absolutely
unparalleled throughout the rest of the
world. I want to ask you to keep this great
wonder of nature as it now is. I hope you
will not have a building of any kind, not a
summer cottage, a hotel or anything else,
to mar the wonderful grandeur, the
sublimity, the great loneliness and beauty
of the canyon. Leave it as it is. You cannot
improve on it. The ages have been at
work on it, and man can only mar it."
Progressive Reforms under Roosevelt
Fill in the chart below with the reforms made in each category during his
administration from your study of Chapter 21.
Promote Social Welfare
Expand Democracy
Create Economic Reform
1. Meat Inspection
Act – 1906
2. Pure Food and
Drug Act - 1906
3. preserved 194
million acres of
public land
 Grand Canyon
 Muir Woods
 Pelican Island FL
4. Created U.S.
Forest Service
5. Minimum wage
laws
6. Reduce work
hours
1. Pendleton Civil
Service Act of
1883 – need to
pass a test to get
a govt. job.
2. Direct Primary –
voters chose
candidates
3. Initiative – voters
can directly
propose a law –
1902 Oregon
4. Referendum –
voters can vote
on proposed law
– 1902 Oregon
5.Recall – voters can
remove an elected
official from office –
Los Angeles 1902
Enforced the Sherman
Anti- Trust Act of 1890
 Broke up railroad
tobacco, plus
Standard Oil trusts
Filed suit against 44
trusts total
Progressive Reforms under Taft
Fill in the chart below with the reforms made in each category during his
administration from your study of Chapter 21.
Promote Social Welfare
Expand Democracy
Create Economic Reform
 17th Amendment
– provides direct
election of U.S.
senators
 16th Amendment –
income tax
 Pursued twice as
many anti-trust
suits in 4 years as
Roosevelt did in 8
Progressive Reforms under Wilson
Fill in the chart below with the reforms made in each category during his
administration from your study of Chapter 21.
Promote Social
Welfare
Expand Democracy
Create Economic
Reform
Prohibition to solve the
problem of alcohol
abuse – led to the 18th
Amendment
19th Amendment –
women gain the
right to vote
 Clayton AntiTrust Act of 1914
– further banned
monopolies and
business
practices that
lessened
competition
Federal Reserve Act
– set up modern
banking system;
bankers bank & gave
the federal govt.
more control over
the nation’s money
supply.
Section 3 (Pages 683-688)
Carry A. Nation – fought for prohibition
Prohibition – legal ban on the production, possession, and sale of alcohol
Eighteenth Amendment – constitutional amendment enacting Prohibition
Susan B. Anthony – fought for woman suffrage
Carrie Chapman Catt – president of the National American Woman Suffrage Association
Nineteenth Amendment – constitutional amendment that gave women the right to vote
Suffrage – right to vote
Use your book or Thinking Maps to answer the following questions about the Women’s
Movement.
3. Explain how middle class women’s lives changed during the Progressive Era.
Women’s lives changed greatly during the late 1800s. The causes were
smaller families, new products and new inventions. The results were
factories now produced soap, clothing, canned food, and other goods that
had been homemade. There was also new technology providing indoor
running water and vacuum cleaners giving homemakers more time to do
other things besides taking care of the home. Women now pursued jobs
outside the home such as telephone operators, typists, and store clerks.
Those with college educations became teachers and nurses.
4. List and elaborate on the social reforms achieved by women during the Progressive Era.
Women such as Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr were responsible for founding Hull
House, a settlement house in Chicago that helped immigrants and the poor become
successful contributing citizens.
.
Women also played a major role in the passing of Prohibition. Carry A. Nation worked
tirelessly to rid society of alcohol after watching her husband become an alcoholic.
Women also worked for suffrage. Groups such as the National American Woman
Suffrage Association (NAWSA) were formed in the late 1800s to work towards giving
women a voice in politics. Famous women active in this organization were Elizabeth Cady
Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, and Carrie Chapman Catt. They were all instrumental in the
passage of the 19th Amendment in 1920 giving women the right to vote.
Women also worked for suffrage. Groups such as the National American Woman Suffrage
Explain how women finally obtained the right to vote.
Women had been fighting for the right to vote since before the mid 1800’s. In the 1890’s
NAWSA was formed and focused on individual states as opposed going national. By 1914, 11
Western states had approved women’s suffrage.
To pass an amendment, NAWSA told President Wilson they would support him in case of war,
and by helping with the war effort the NAWSA could get his support for suffrage. Wilson
urged congress to support the amendment. It was passed and ratified by the states in 1920.