Activities in 2009
Avian influenza
Paul W. Selleck
Australian Animal Health Laboratory, CSIRO Livestock Industries,
Private Bag 24, Geelong, Victoria, 3220, Australia
Tel: (61 3) 5227 5000, Fax: (61 3) 5227 5555
Paul.Selleck@csiro.au
Summary of general activities related to the disease
1.
Test(s) in use/or available for the specified disease at your laboratory
AAHL maintains a broad range of diagnostic tests and supporting laboratory technologies for avian influenza
which include virus isolation in embryonated eggs, virus characterization by haemagglutination and neuramidase
inhibition (HAI and NI), molecular diagnosis by TaqMan assay for H5, H7 and Influenza A, rapid diagnosis by
antigen detection tests such as indirect fluorescent antibody tests on tissue impression smears,
immunohistochemistry on formalin fixed tissues, electron microscopy and immuno-EM. Isolates may be
pathotyped by pathogenicity tests in chickens and molecularly by sequence analysis. Further characterization is
undertaken by sequence analysis for molecular epidemiology and detection of other nucleotide changes of interest
in specific situations. Serology is conducted primarily by Type A group specific C-ELISA and HAI tests, and the
agar gel diffusion test (group antigen) can be offered.
During 2009 the following tests were performed:
Test
For
Specificity
2009 Total
C-ELISA (Flu A)
Antibody
Group
4647
HI (H5) N1 & N3
Antibody
H Type
517
HI (H7) N3
Antibody
H Type
242
HI (other)
Antibody
H Type
209
VN (Avian Haemagglutinin typing)
Antibody
Type
0
AGID
Antibody
Group
7
Real time PCR (Flu A)
Molecular test
Group
2297
Real time PCR (H5 & H7)
Molecular test
H Type
394
Embryonated chicken egg culture
Virus isolation
Group
586
IFA on Impression smears
Antigen Detection
Group
0
H typing
HI typing
Virus characterization
H Type
0
4
Immunohistochemistry
Antigen Detection
Group
8
N typing
Virus characterization
N Type
9
Pathotyping - molecular
Virus characterization
HA cleavage site
10
Pathotyping - IVPI
Virus characterization
AI antigen ELISA
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2.
Production and distribution of diagnostic reagents
Reagents produced for Avian Influenza
H1 – H16 antigens and antisera in chickens
PCR Positive controls
Diagnostic reagents supplied nationally (including own laboratory)
H5N1 HI antigens
100 ml
PCR Proficiency Testing panels
2 x 10 samples (0.25 ml each)
H5N1 HI Proficiency Testing panels
6 x 10 samples (0.3 ml each)
Miscellaneous AIV antigen
250 ml
Miscellaneous AIV antisera
45 ml
AIV C-ELISA reagents
25,000 tests
AGID Reagents
500 tests
Diagnostic reagents supplied to other OIE Members
H5N1 HI antigens
400 ml
PCR Proficiency Testing panels
4 x 10 samples (0.25 ml each)
H5N1 HI Proficiency Testing panels
8x 10 samples (0.3 ml each)
Miscellaneous AIV antigen
450 ml
Miscellaneous AIV antisera
500 ml
Live viruses supplied to other laboratories
10 viruses (1 ml each)
AIV NP Monoclonal antibody
30 ml
AIV C-ELISA reagents
10,000 tests
Activities specifically related to the mandate
of OIE Reference Laboratories
3.
International harmonisation and standardisation of methods for diagnostic testing or the
production and testing of vaccines
EQA programs for both serology and real time PCR are supported in Indonesia and more broadly in Southeast
Asia, in most of the ASEAN countries national laboratories. Three rounds were distributed in Indonesia in 2009
and 2 rounds to the ASEAN national laboratories.
4.
Preparation and supply of international reference standards for diagnostic tests or vaccines
An Agar Gel Immunodiffusion Reference Serum was prepared for the OIE. This will be distributed in 2010.
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5.
Research and development of new procedures for diagnosis and control
AAHL is undertaking various projects relating to AI pathogenesis and transmission as well as studies of AI
vaccines and vaccination. We have significant ongoing activity in H5N1 in both domestic poultry and mammalian
infection models with particular emphasis on the impact of route of exposure on infection outcomes, virulence
determinants associated with host adaptation, and mechanisms of protection afforded by vaccines. Additional
projects have been developed in response to pandemic H1N1 including provision of diagnostic reagents for
influenza infection in swine, vaccine efficacy testing, and the role of neuraminidase inhibitor anti-viral drugs in
reducing viral spread through populations.
Two major studies with an international poultry breeding company are continuing; one using transgenic techniques
to develop poultry with an enhanced immune system that will be substantially resistant to AI infection and another
to develop anti-viral therapeutics.
Evaluation of the anti-viral properties of commercial chemical compounds is also being conducted. The relative
susceptibility of AI isolates from various Southeast Asian countries to the major influenza antivirals is being tested
in an ongoing study.
Regarding diagnostic tests, work has been conducted to update the Influenza type A TaqMan assay by including a
primer to increase sensitivity for pandemic 2009 strain, and for HPAI by inclusion of an additional target region to
minimise risk of assay failure due to sequence changes in virus target region.
Other test development has addressed Pandemic H1N1 influenza diagnosis through design of an N1-Taqman
Assay for pH1N1 and also the fine tuning of a pandemic H1 subtype Taqman assay and an NP gene Taqman
assay.
A molecular diagnostic test for rapid identification and differentiation of important poultry viruses is under
development which can detect and differentiate influenza type A, H5, H7 and NDV field and V4 vaccine strains.
For agent characterization algorithms have been established for high-throughput whole genome capillary
sequencing for HPAI and pH1N1 2009 together with phylogenetics workflow for virus characterization and
compared with the Roche 454 whole genome pyrosequencing for H5N1 HPAI.
Under an OFFLU project antigenic and genetic characterisation and evolution of H5N1 HPAI viruses in Indonesia
and SE Asia is being studied (see also Section 11).
Molecular epidemiology analyses were conducted of pandemic H1N1 2009 swine influenza outbreaks in
Australian piggeries in collaboration with the WHO Influenza Collaborating Centre in Melbourne.
Wild bird isolates of avian influenza viruses from Australia and Indonesia are being sequenced and analysed.
Epidemiological studies in Indonesia and Vietnam are investigating AI transmission in markets, AI infection in
ducks, and the impact of vaccination on AI transmission in both commercial and village sectors. This work
includes investigation of whether long term persistence and shedding of HPAI H5N1 viruses occurs in ducks.
6.
Collection, analysis and dissemination of epizootiological data relevant to international disease
control
Influenza virus isolates have been received from Indonesia and Vietnam during the reporting period, as listed in
Section 9 of this report.
AAHL is collaborating in an international partnership coordinated by OFFLU to address issues of antigenic
mismatch between some circulating field strains and H5 antigens in available vaccines in Indonesia. On the basis
of sequence analyses, HI studies and antigenic cartography done in collaboration with Erasmus University
recommendations have been made to Indonesian animal health authorities (see also Sections 9 and 11 below).
A program of assistance to the national veterinary laboratories in Indonesia includes a laboratory outreach
component with the objective of offering support in epidemiological investigations to develop international best
practices in that country for outbreak investigations and the conduct of active surveillance. Under this
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collaboration studies regarding H5N1 epidemiology in Indonesia are being conducted.
AAHL is providing experts to FAO in Indonesia to work on the Government of Indonesia program of detection,
reporting and control of H5N1 infections in village and commercial poultry through the Participatory Disease
Surveillance and Response (PDSR) program.
7.
Provision of consultant expertise to OIE or to OIE Members
With respect to avian influenza, AAHL has contributed to the following OIE and FAO meetings:
Dr Peter Daniels presented at the 7th International Symposium on Avian Influenza in Athens, Georgia, 5-8 April
2009.
Mr Chris Morrissey participated in the FAO/OIE HPAI Laboratory Network Meeting for SE Asia in Bangkok in
September 2009.
Dr Peter Daniels attended the FAO/USDA Molecular Epidemiology of HPAI in Southeast Asia meeting, Bangkok
September 2009.
Dr Peter Daniels and Mr Paul Selleck participated in an OFFLU Technical Group Meeting for head of avian
influenza reference institutions and swine influenza experts held at OIE, Paris 15-16 September 2009.
Dr Peter Daniels, Dr John Allen, Dr Frank Wong and Mr Chris Morrissy attended the OFFLU Technical Review
Meeting in Jakarta, 16-18 November 2009, to specifically address the scientific issues surrounding an international
response to the situation that has emerged in Indonesia wherein strains of H5N1 resistant to currently available
vaccines have emerged in the commercial poultry sector.
Dr Emma Watkins and Dr Simon Reid have been based in Makassar in South Sulawesi province of Indonesia
contribution to the Indonesian national government program for the control of H5N1 HPAI in poultry in that
country.
8.
Provision of scientific and technical training to personnel from other OIE Members
The following training in avian influenza was conducted in member countries:
 Dr Patrick Kluver visited Disease Investigation Centres in Indonesia, Bandarlampung, Wates, and Maros, to
conduct epidemiological field training exercises for Avian Influenza, 22 February – 12 March 2009.
 Mr Trevor Taylor provided training and assistance to Balitvet and three Disease Investigation Centres in
Indonesia, Maros, Denpasar and Banjarbaru, for the molecular diagnosis of Avian Influenza, 8-22 February
2009.
 Ms Wendy Ha provided training and assistance to four Disease Investigation Centres in Indonesia, Medan,
Bukittinggi, Bandarlampung and Jogjakarta, for the molecular diagnosis of Avian Influenza, 8-22 February
2009.
 Ms Julie Cooke and Mr Chris Morrissy provided training and assistance to Wates Disease Investigation Centre
in Indonesia in serology techniques for the diagnosis of avian influenza, 15-28 February 2009.
 Dr Anna Axell and Dr Frank Wong provided training to Indonesian scientists at the OFFLU Sequencing and
Bioinformatics Workshop that was co-ordinated by FAO in Jakarta, 2-6 March 2009.
 Dr Anna Axell provided training and assistance to Denpasar Disease Investigation Centres in Indonesia in
serology techniques for the diagnosis of avian influenza, 6-13 March 2009.
 Mr Trevor Taylor provided training and assistance to Disease Investigation Centres in Indonesia, Banjarbaru
and Maros, for the molecular diagnosis of Avian Influenza, 24 May – 6 June 2009.
 Ms Julie Cooke provided training and assistance to Banjarbaru and Bukittinggi Disease Investigation Centre in
Indonesia, in serology techniques for the diagnosis of Avian Influenza, 24 May – 6 June 2009.
 Ms Wendy Ha provided training and assistance to Disease Investigation Centres in Indonesia, Bukittinggi and
Medan, for the molecular diagnosis of Avian Influenza, 30 May – 5 June 2009.
 Dr Patrick Kluver visited three Disease Investigation Centres in Indonesia,Wates, Denapasar and Banjabaru to
conduct epidemiological field training exercises for Avian Influenza, 26 May – 7 June 2009.
 Mr Trevor Taylor provided training and assistance to Bbalitvet and Denpasar Disease Investigation Centre in
Indonesia, in techniques for the molecular diagnosis of Avian Influenza, 7-15 October 2009.
 Ms Julie Cooke provided training and assistance to Maros and Bukittinggi Disease Investigation Centres in
Indonesia, in serology techniques for the diagnosis of Avian Influenza, 7-15 October 2009.
 Dr Patrick Kluver visited Maros, Denpasar and Wates Disease Investigation Centres in Indonesia to conduct
epidemiological field training exercises for Avian Influenza, 5-16 October 2009.
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 Dr Patrick Kluver visited Banjarbaru Disease Investigation Centre in Indonesia, to conduct epidemiological
field training exercises for Avian Influenza, 16 November - 5 December 2009.
 Mr Trevor Taylor provided training and assistance to Balitvet and Banjabaru and Wates Disease Investigation
Centres in Indonesia, in techniques for the molecular diagnosis of Avian Influenza, 16 November - 5
December 2009
 Mr Nick Gudkovs provided training and assistance to Disease Investigation Centres in Indonesia, in techniques
for the molecular diagnosis of Avian Influenza, 18 November - 5 December 2009
 Mr Paul Selleck provided training and assistance to Disease Investigation Centres in Indonesia, in serology
techniques for the diagnosis of Avian Influenza, 8 November - 5 December 2009.
 AAHL conducted a ‘Train the Trainer’ workshop as part of the Indonesia Veterinary Laboratory Capacity
Building project in the diagnosis of Avian Influenza at Jogjakarta, 29 November – 4 December 2009.
The following training in Avian Influenza was conducted at AAHL:
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9.
Two colleagues from Vietnam, one from the Regional Animal Health Office in Ho Chi Minh City and the
other from National Centre for Veterinary Diagnosis in Hanoi, participated in training in training as part of the
Australia Vietnam Laboratory Partnerships Program, 23 February – 13 March 2009.
Eight Indonesian scientists, participated in a Training Workshop on Diagnostic Laboratory Techniques for
Avian Influenza held at AAHL 23 March – 3 April 2009.
Two scientists from the Regional Animal Health Office in Ho Chi Minh City participated in training as part of
an ACIAR project “The epidemiology, pathogenesis and control of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI)
in ducks in Indonesia and Vietnam” from 27 April – 22 May 2009.
A colleague from the Rabies Vaccine Production Laboratory, Tripureshwor, Kathmandu, Nepal participated in
training at AAHL from 27 July to 14 August 2009 which included training in AI virus isolation and
characterization and real time PCR.
A colleague from the Regional Veterinary Laboratory in Surket, Nepal participated in Avian Influenza
Training at AAHL, 5-23 October 2010.
AAHL in collaboration with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) Regional
Office for Asia and the Pacific and Murdoch University hosted a workshop and training on Surveillance and
Laboratory Diagnosis of Animal Influenza in Asia, 9 - 19 December 2009. The training was attended by
colleagues from Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Lao, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines,
Thailand and Vietnam.
An Indonesian colleague from the Disease Investigation Centre Wates, Yogyakarta, is undertaking a 3 year
PhD project on Pathogenesis of HPAI in ducks at AAHL.
Provision of diagnostic testing facilities to other OIE Members
The reference laboratory received submissions from Timor Leste, Papua New Guinea, Indonesia and Vietnam.
Two submissions from Timor Leste comprised 1200 sera for AI serology and 350 sera and 90 swabs for AI and
NDV testing. Seventeen submissions from PNG comprised sera and swabs from chickens, ducks, a peacock and
environmental samples. Two submissions from Indonesia comprised HPAI isolates submitted under OFFLU
project work and a submission from Vietnam comprised avian influenza virus isolates from ducks for
characterization.
10. Organisation of international scientific meetings on behalf of OIE or other international bodies
AAHL in collaboration with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) Regional Office
for Asia and the Pacific and Murdoch University hosted a workshop and training on Surveillance and Laboratory
Diagnosis of Animal Influenza in Asia, 9 - 19 December 2009. The training was attended by colleagues from
Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Lao, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam.
11. Participation in international scientific collaborative studies
AAHL has continued involvement in the OFFLU coordinated project managed by FAO “Monitoring AI virus
variants in Indonesian poultry and defining an effective and sustainable vaccination strategy”. Isolates of HPAI
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from laboratories in Indonesia servicing the agricultural sector have been received for analysis as outlined in
Section 9. Characterization of isolates includes sequencing, genetic grouping, pathotyping, and detectability by
standard diagnostic procedures including real time PCR and HI reactivity. Data from Indonesian isolates are also
submitted for antigenic mapping as per the OFFLU project agreements.
Sequence analyses confirm that all H5N1 isolates studied to date cluster in Clade 2.1, consistent with an
interpretation that Indonesia is not being subject to multiple introductions of virus from other countries in the
region. There are some isolates from recent years that do no cluster with the 3 recognized subclades in Clade 2.1
and the description of a fourth subclade in Clade 2.1 is being investigated. The presentation of antigenic
cartography results to date are consistent with genetic analyses and field experience. The antigenic cartography on
available isolates has identified a general pattern of antigenic drift in Indonesian Clade 2.1 isolates together with a
number of outlying strains. For a comprehensive understanding of the national situation and to allow
recommendations relevant for both commercial and village poultry sectors structured prospective programs of
isolation and analyses of AI viruses from all poultry industry sectors are needed. Recommendations have been
developed regarding suitable strains as potential sources of vaccine antigens and for use as challenge viruses on
the basis of the information available.
A substantial new element of capacity building has been introduced into the project under which AAHL is
working in a program of support to a designated national facility in Indonesia to develop a high level of capability
in the laboratory studies that underpin antigenic mapping. Panels of antisera for use in the characterization of
isolates have been supplied.
12.
Publication and dissemination of information relevant to the work of OIE (including list of
scientific publications, internet publishing activities, presentations at international conferences)

Presentations at international conferences and meetings
Axell, A., Selleck, P. W., Wong, F., Kim, M., Fouchier, R., Swayne, D., Choudhury, B., Oritomo, J., Andeena,
Dr., Dharmayanti, I., Darminto, D., Prayitno, T., and Daniels, P. W. 2009, 'Antigenic mapping of Indonesian
H5N1 isolates at AAHL', in Infection - Immunity 2009, Sea World Nara Resort, QLD, The Conference, QLD,
Burggraaf, S., Bingham, J., Kimpton, W., Lowenthal, J. W., and Bean, A. G. D. 2009, 'Inducible nitric oxide
synthase expression is increased in ducks and chickens infected with H5N1 Influenza virus', in Infection Immunity 2009, Sea World Nara Resort, QLD, The Conference, QLD,
Crowley, T. M., Haring, V. R., Burggraaf, S., and Moore, R. J. 2009, 'The application of chicken microarrays for
gene expression analysis in other avian species', in Infection - Immunity, 2009, Sea World Nara, Resort, QLD, The
Conference, QLD,
Karpala, A. J., Bingham, J., Lowther, S., Schat, K. A., Lowenthal, J. W., and Bean, A. G. D. 2009, 'Innate immune
responses in HPAI infected chickens', in Infection - Immunity 2009, Sea World Nara Resort, QLD, The
Conference, QLD,
Mohr, P., Geyer, H., and McKimm-Breschkin, J. 2009, 'Mixed influenza A and B infections complicate the
detection of Influenza viruses with altered sensitivities to neuraminidase inhibitors', in Infection - Immunity 2009,
Sea World Nara Resort, QLD, The Conference, QLD,
Nuradji, H., Lowther, S., Wibawa, H., Payne, J., Rookes, J., Junaidi, A., Middleton, D., Daniels, P., Bingham, J.,
Meers, J. 2009, The Pathogenesis of an Indonesian H5N1 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus Infection in
Chicken Feathers. In The Australian Virology Group (AVG) Conference, 13 - 17 December 2009, Lorne,
Australia. The Conference
Selleck, P. W. 2009, 'Recent developments in Avian Influenza', in RIRDC Advisory Committee Meeting,
Geelong, Vic., The Meeting, Geelong, Vic.,
Selleck, P. W. 2009, ‘Epidemiology of Newcastle Disease in Australia’, 2009 International Symposium for Major
Zoonoses, 8th December 2009, National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Selleck, P. W., Lynch, G., Axell, A., Downton, T., Kapitza, N., Boehm, I., Dyer, W., Wang, Y., Stelzer, S.,
Rawlinson, W., and Sullivan, J. 2009, 'Neutralizing antibodies against avian H5N1 Influenza in a normal
"exposure-Naive" Australian Blood Donor population', in 7th International Symposium on Avian Influenza,
Athens, Georgia, USA, The Symposium, Athens, Georgia, USA,
Stewart, C. R., Karpala, A. J., Lowenthal, J. W. , and Bean, A. G. D. 2009, 'Developing Immunostimulatory RNAi
against avian influenza', in Infection - Immunity 2009, Sea World Nara Resort, QLD, The Conference, QLD,
Wibawa, H., Wong, F., Bingham, J., Davies, K., Stevens, V., Pye, A., Ha, W., Selleck, P., Henning, J., Junaidi, A.,
Middleton, D., Daniels, P., Meers, J. 2009, Diversity of the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes of Indonesian
H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus isolates. . In The Australian Virology Group (AVG)
Conference, 13 - 17 December 2009, Lorne, Australia. The Conference, Lorne

Scientific publications in peer-reviewed journals
Alsharifi, M, Furuya, Y, Bowden, TR, Lobigs, M, Koskinen, A, Regner, M, Trinidad, L, Boyle, DB &
Mullbacher, A , 2009, Intranasal flu vaccine protective against seasonal and H5N1 avian influenza infections,
PLoS One, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. e5336.
Bingham, J, Green, DJ, Lowther, S, Klippel, J, Burggraaf, S, Anderson, DE, Wibawa, H, Dong, MH, Ngo, TL,
Pham, PV, Middleton, DJ & Daniels, PW , 2009, Infection studies with two highly pathogenic avian influenza
strains (Vietnamese and Indonesian) in Pekin Ducks (Anas platyrhynchos), with particular reference to clinical
disease, tissue tropism and viral shedding, Avian Pathology, vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 267-278.
Crowley, TM, Haring, VR, Burggraaf, S & Moore, RJ , 2009, Application of chicken microarrays for gene
expression analysis in other avian species, BMC Genomics, vol. 10`Suppl. 2, no. S3,
Eagles, D, Siregar, ES, Dung, DH, Weaver, J, Wong, F & Daniels, PW , 2009, H5N1 highly pathogenic avian
influenza in Southeast Asia, Revue Scientifique et Technique, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 341-346.
Foord, AJ, Selleck, PW, Colling, A, Klippel, J, Middleton, DJ & Heine, HG , 2009, Real-time RT-PCR for
detection of equine influenza and evaluation using samples from horses infected with A/equine/Sydney/2007
(H3N8), Veterinary Microbiology, vol. 137, no. 1-2, pp. 1-9.
Lynch, G. W., Selleck, P. W. and Sullivan, J. S. 2009, Acquired heterosubtypic antibodies in human immunity for
avian H5N1 influenza, Journal of Molecular and Genetic Medicine 3, 205-209.
Marshall, CS, Styles, K, Abraham, G & Athan, E , 2009, Management of potential laboratory exposure to Avian
Influenza H5N1 virus: implications for pandemic planning, Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, vol. 30,
no. 5, pp. 504-506.
Middleton, DJ, Rockman, S, Pearse, M, Barr, I, Lowther, S, Klippel, J, Ryan, D & Brown, L , 2009, Evaluation of
vaccines for H5N1 influenza virus in ferrets reveals the potential for protective single-shot immunization, Journal
of Virology, vol. 83, no. 15, pp. 7770-7778.
Oh, S, Selleck, PW, Temperton, NJ, Chan, PKS, Capecchi, B, Manavis, J, Higgins, G, Burrell, CJ & Kok, T ,
2009, Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to different clades of influenza A H5N1 viruses, Journal of virological
methods, vol. 157, no. 2, pp. 161-167.
Sullivan, J. S., Selleck, P. W., Downton, T., Boehm, I., Axell, A., Ayob, Y., Kapitza, N. M., Dyer, W., Fitzgerald,
A., Walsh, B. and Lynch, G. W. 2009, Heterosubtypic anti-avian H5N1 influenza antibodies in intravenous
immunoglobulins from globally separate populations protect against H5N1 infection in cell culture. Journal of
Molecular and Genetic Medicine. 3, 217-224.

Other communications
Axell, A., Selleck, P. W., Wong, F., Kim, M., Fouchier, R., Swayne, D., Choudhury, B., Oritomo, J., Dr. Andeena,
Dharmayanti, I., Drh. Darminto, Prayitno, T. and Daniels, P. 2008, Antigenic Mapping of Indonesian HPAI
Isolates at AAHL. Veterinary Research Institute, Ipoh, Malaysia, 16th July 2009.
Annual reports of OIE Reference Laboratories and Collaborating Centres, 2009
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Selleck, P. W. 2009, Recent Developments in Avian Influenza. RIRDC Advisory Committee Meeting, AAHL,
21st January 2009
Selleck, P. W., Axell, A. and Wong, F. 2009, OIE AI Reference Laboratory Activities at AAHL. ACIAR Project
Meeting, AAHL, 24th March 2009.
Selleck, P.W. 2009, Avian Influenza – From Asia to the World. Veterinary Research Institute, Ipoh, Malaysia,
16th July 2009.
Selleck, P.W. 2009, H5N1 Avian Influenza in South East Asia. 7th December 2009, National Veterinary Research
and Quarantine Service, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Selleck, P. W., Lynch, G. W., Axell, A., Downton, T., Kapitza, N., Boehm, I., Dyer, W., Wang, Y., Stelzer, S.,
Rawlinson, W. and Sullivan, J. 2009, Neutralizing Antibodies against Avian H5N1 Influenza in a Normal
‘Exposure-Naïve’ Australian Blood Donor Population. 7th December 2009, National Veterinary Research and
Quarantine Service, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Selleck, P. W., Axell, A. and Wong, F. 2009, Antigenic Cartography on H5N1 viruses from Indonesia. 7th
December 2009, National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
13. Inscription of diagnostic kits on the OIE Register
i)
Did you participate in expert panels for the validation of candidate kits for inscription on the
OIE Register? If yes, for which kits?
No
ii)
Did you submit to the OIE candidate kits for inscription on the OIE Register? If yes, for
which kits?
No
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