Scholarly Journal Articles about the Asian Tiger Economies: Authors, Journals, and
Research Fields, 1986-2001
By
Joe C. Davis
Trinity University
San Antonio, TX 78212
jdavis@trinity.edu
and
Jorge G. Gonzalez
Trinity University
San Antonio, TX 78212
jorge.gonzalez@trinity.edu
May 2002
Scholarly Journal Articles about the Asian Tiger Economies: Authors, Journals,
and Research Fields, 1986-2001
I. Introduction.
The “Asian Tigers” arrival into the world economy has been extraordinary. Hong
Kong, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, South Korea, and Thailand have experienced
dramatic changes over the past 20 years. Their economies have fundamentally changed
from traditional agriculturally based societies to rapidly growing newly industrialized
nations. Their incredible rates of growth were accompanied by significant structural
changes. While most of the change has been positive, from time to time these nations
have been rocked by economic “growing pains.” These transformations of the South East
Asian economies have attracted considerable attention in popular and scholarly
publications.
This paper extends bibliometric research into an area neglected thus far: the East
Asian economies. It also extends bibliometric research itself in a new direction by
investigating how economics literature responds to changes in the underlying economies.
There were approximately 4,200 scholarly articles written about the East Asian
economies that were indexed by the Journal of Economic Literature from 1986 to 2001
and included on the CD-ROM EconLit. This paper studies the economic literature about
each of the major East Asian nations individually and for all of them combined. In
addition, the paper presents a Who’s Who of this literature by identifying the leading
authors, journals, and research fields. Concentration of articles among journals and
authors is also explored in detail. Then the literature trends about the Asian Tiger
economies are contrasted with those of other emerging market economies (Czech
1
Republic, Hungary, Mexico, and Poland) and a developed market economy (Italy).
Finally, the study attempts to find parallels between the growth in articles and the growth
of the economies.
II. Data.
The data source for this study is EconLit, the CD-ROM database of the Journal of
Economic Literature. Over 200,000 articles from over 600 scholarly journals from many
countries and social science disciplines appear in this source from 1986 to 2001. For
each country, articles were selected on the basis of whether they contained such words as
“Thai,” “Thailand”, “Malay,” and “Malaysian” in the article’s title, geographic indicator,
subject descriptor, or abstract. Some 4,277 articles met these criteria. Where the record
for an article indicates two or more countries, one article was counted for each country.
Because 623 of the articles examined more than one of the countries, the total number of
unique articles used in the study totals 3,654.
III. Trends and Cycles of Publications
It is clear that over the past 25 years economists have found a fertile ground for
research in the East Asian economies. As Figure 1 shows, the annual output of articles in
scholarly journals about these economies grew much faster than all articles in economics.
In terms of each of these nations, the South Korean economy captured the most attention,
followed by Indonesia, Hong Kong, Singapore, Malaysia, and Thailand.1
1
Although this is beyond the scope of the paper, an explanation for this ranking must be multivariate. The
relative size of their economies is clearly not sufficient to explain their presence in the economics literature.
2
Country
South Korea
Indonesia
Hong Kong
Singapore
Malaysia
Thailand
Articles
1,171
732
671
613
591
499
Journals
306
166
223
206
202
190
Authors
1,254
714
773
678
682
652
Table 1 and Figure 2 describe the growth and annual variations in the numbers of
journal articles about the Tiger economies from 1986 to 2000. As stated earlier, the
economies of South Korea and Indonesia garnered the largest number of articles at the
beginning of the period and maintained the lead at the end. For the six economies, the
number of articles ranged from 11 to 29 in 1986 and from 61 to 106 in 2000. The number
of articles showed no trend for all six countries from 1986 to 1992, with small declines
offset by gains. After 1992-93, the number of articles for each country followed an
upward trend, with minor declines for at least one year before 2000. Because lags exist
between publication and listing in the database, the figures for 2001 are clearly
understated and we ignore them in our analysis of trends and cycles. It may be that the
declines for some of the countries in 2000 also represent delayed reporting. However,
that publications about these economies grew sharply after 1993 is unmistakable.
Relative growth rates are best seen in Figure 3 with articles for each country
represented by an index number based on 100 in 1986. From 1986 to 1993, the growth
rates are bunched together, after which they fan out. Hong Kong is the clear leader in
article growth rates followed by Thailand, Singapore, and Malaysia with greater than
average growth rates. South Korean articles grew at the average of the group while
Indonesia lagged.
3
IV. Research Fields
Table 2 separates the articles according to the 19 research fields designated by the
Journal of Economic Literature since 1991. This table uses 1991 as the starting point
because JEL changed field definitions then.
The distribution of articles by fields appears to follow the traditional areas of
specialization of those economists with interests in South East Asia. For all nations, with
the exception of Hong Kong, the field with the most articles is “Economic
Development.”
In the case of Hong Kong, and perhaps reflecting the unique
characteristics of this economy, the main field was “Financial Economics.” The next
field in terms of overall number of articles was “International Economics.” There is a lot
more variation across economies in terms of the third field and it appears that this
variation is also a result of the differences across those economies.
“Financial
Economics,” “Industrial Organization,” and “Agricultural and Natural Resource
Economics” are all within the top three fields for at least one of the South Asian
economies.
It is interesting to note that as the level of development increases, such as the case
of Hong Kong, S. Korea, and Singapore, the relative importance of the traditional fields
that deal with developing nations (i.e., “Economic Development” and “International
Economics”) appears to diminish; while other fields which are normally associated with
studies of developed nations (i.e., “Financial Economics” and “Industrial Organization”)
become more important.
It appears that economists have recognized the structural
changes of these economies and that they have started to use the methodology of other
4
economics fields to study them. This is probably a positive change, since these tools
might be more appropriate for the study of their new realities.
V. Journals
Tables 3 through 8 list the journals that published six or more articles about the
economy of each country. As it is clear from these tables, there is a wide range of
international journals that publish about each of the Tiger economies. However, as one
would expect, the top journal for each country is published in that country except for
Thailand and Malaysia.
Table 9 presents data on the levels of concentration among journals publishing
about the Tiger and other economies. These measures provide an indication of the
breadth of international interest in a country’s economy. They also give guidance to
authors about the range of publication outlets open for research about a country.
Concentration among journals is greatest in Indonesia with the top ten journals
accounting for 54.6 percent of all articles. Concentration is smallest among journals
publishing articles about the Hong Kong economy: the top ten journals published only
26.6 percent of articles. It is interesting to discover that concentration among journals is
smaller in the five Tiger economies other than Indonesia than for articles published about
Italy or about the former socialist economies in Central Europe: Czech Republic,
Hungary and Poland.2 The Herfindahl-Hirshman indices also shown in Table 9, which
take all journals into account, give the same ranking of concentration levels among the
countries as the 10-journal concentration ratios.
2
Davis and Patterson (2001) and Colombatto, Davis and Gay (1999) computed the concentration data for
the former socialist economics and Italy, respectively.
5
VI. Authors
Tables 9 through 15 provide a Who’s Who of authors publishing three or more
articles about the Tiger economies. The heaviest hitter of all is Lee Fook Hong with 20
articles about the Singapore economy. The article counts for co-authorship are adjusted
to reflect the multiple authorship; for example, each of the two authors of a paper gets
one-half article.
Table 16 shows measures of concentration among authors publishing articles
about the Tiger and other economies. These measures also show how widespread the
interest in a country’s economy is.
As with journals, Indonesia has the most
concentration among authors writing about the Tiger economies with the top-ten authors
accounting for 15.2 percent of all articles.
South Korea shows the least author
concentration, and Hong Kong is the second least concentrated among the Tiger
economies. Interestingly, the Tiger economies occupy the mid-ranges of concentration
compared to other countries where Hungary and the former Czechoslovakia display the
most author concentration and Italy the least.
VII. Economics literature and the business cycle.
Davis and Gonzalez (1998) found that the cycles in the number of publications
about the Mexican economy were closely related to fundamental changes in that
economy. Figure 4 presents the GDP growth of the Asian tigers from 1986 to 2000. As
this diagram shows, with the exception of the 1998 crisis, these economies experienced
rapid growth during this period. A comparison of Figures 3 and 4 shows that as these
6
nations grew, they attracted the attention of the economics literature. In fact, for all of
these nations the number of articles published about them grew faster than their
respective economies.
It appears that for most of the Asian tigers their relative economic performance
played a role in determining the level of attention they received from the economics
literature. While Hong Kong is the exception to this pattern, those countries that grew
faster received the most increased attention from economists, and vice versa. 3
For
instance, Malaysia had the second fastest rate of growth during this period and it also
experienced the second largest increase in economics literature. Conversely, Indonesia
had the lowest overall rate of growth in both GDP and economics publications. The other
three nations traded places in the middle of the rankings.
VIII. Conclusions.
This paper presented a bibliometric analysis of the economics literature about the
Asian tigers. It identified the overall trends in publications, their main fields within
economics, the leading journals, and the most prolific authors. It also compared the
relative growth of this literature to the economic growth of these economies. It is clear
that the rapid economic growth experienced by this region has attracted the attention of
the economics profession.
It also appears that as these economies become more
developed, the nature of the economics research that focuses on them becomes more
similar to the research traditionally done about developed nations.
3
It could be speculated that the political changes experienced by Hong Kong in 2000 were behind the
rapid increased in literature that focused on that economy since 1992.
7
References
Davis Joe. C., and Debra Moore Patterson. “Economic Transition as a Spur to Research:
The Case of Central Europe.” Eastern European Economics 39:1, no. 1, JanuaryFebruary 2001, pp. 6-18.
Davis, Joe C. and Jorge Gonzalez. “Artículos acerca de la enonomía mexicana publicados
en revistas especializadas (1978-1995).” El Trimestre Economico 65, no. 258, AprilJune 1998, pp. 315-326.
Colombatto, E, J.C. Davis, and D.E.R. Gay. “Journal Articles about the Italian Economy,
1980-1986.” Economia Internazionale 52, no. 3, August 1999, pp. 317-326.
8
Table 1
Articles Published About the Asian Tiger Economics: 1986-2001
Year Hong Kong Indonesia Malaysia Singapore S. Korea Thailand Total
1986
11
29
14
14
29
12
109
1987
17
27
15
19
36
15
129
1988
20
28
16
20
55
21
160
1989
18
36
25
26
47
15
167
1990
15
39
29
22
49
17
171
1991
13
44
26
22
53
13
171
1992
25
39
30
30
45
20
189
1993
22
35
22
25
64
20
188
1994
43
44
34
36
72
25
254
1995
50
41
28
35
74
25
253
1996
44
65
38
35
74
35
291
1997
65
51
59
68
126
43
412
1998
85
63
63
74
121
54
460
1999
83
73
68
77
138
80
519
2000
92
75
73
69
106
61
476
2001
68
43
51
41
82
43
328
Total
671
732
591
613
1,171
499
4,277
9
Table 2
Articles Published about Asian Tiger Economies, By Research Field: 1991-2000
(percentage of total articles by country)
Field
General Economics and Teaching
Schools of Economic Thought and Methodology
Mathematical and Quantitative Methods
Microeconomics
Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics
International Economics
Financial Economics
Public Economics
Health, Education, and Welfare
Labor and Demographic Economics
Law and Economics
Industrial Organization
Business Administration and Business
Economics
Economic History
Economic Development, Tech. Change, Growth
Economic Systems
Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics
Urban, Rural, and Regional Economics
Cultural Economics
All Fields
Hong Kong
0.3
0.0
0.3
1.8
3.4
14.1
23.3
2.5
1.6
5.4
1.0
8.5
Indonesia
0.0
0.2
0.8
3.4
4.9
10.6
3.5
1.9
3.6
4.8
0.5
5.4
Malaysia
0.1
0.0
0.7
3.2
5.9
15.0
7.1
3.3
1.7
5.8
0.6
6.3
Singapore
0.5
0.1
0.5
2.5
6.3
17.4
14.2
4.3
1.7
4.8
0.4
9.0
S. Korea
0.2
0.1
0.8
4.0
8.1
16.9
7.8
1.9
0.8
5.4
0.2
10.2
Thailand
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.7
4.8
16.5
8.1
1.1
2.5
4.2
0.0
4.2
3.7
0.7
17.3
5.2
2.5
8.1
0.4
100.0
0.7
0.4
43.7
0.4
12.3
2.8
0.1
100.0
2.0
1.0
38.1
2.2
6.1
1.2
0.1
100.0
2.1
0.4
25.7
0.6
2.5
6.6
0.3
100.0
1.4
0.7
30.6
1.8
4.6
4.5
0.1
100.0
1.4
0.3
41.4
0.9
8.6
3.3
0.1
100.0
10
Table 3
Journals Publishing Six or More Articles
About the Hong Kong Economy: 1986-2001
Journal
Hong Kong Economic Papers
Bulletin for International Fiscal Documentation
Pacific Economic Review
Applied Economics Letters
Applied Financial Economics
Asia Pacific Business Review
Journal of Banking and Finance
Journal of Asian Economics
Urban Studies
Telecommunications Policy
Applied Economics
Pacific Basin Finance Journal
Asian Economic Journal
Columbia Journal of World Business
Environment and Planning A
Asian Pacific Economic Literature
Journal of International Trade and Economic Development
Journal of Real Estate Portfolio Management
Contemporary Economic Policy
Journal of Futures Markets
Asia Pacific Financial Markets
International Journal of Manpower
Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy
Journal of World Business
11
Articles
31
22
19
17
16
15
14
13
13
12
11
11
10
10
9
8
8
8
7
7
6
6
6
6
Table 4
Journals Publishing Six or More Articles
About Indonesian Economy: 1986-2001
Journal
Articles
Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies
248
World Development
45
Developing Economies
23
Journal of Asian Economics
14
Journal of Development Studies
14
World Bank Economic Review
13
Economic Development and Cultural Change
12
Journal of Development Economics
12
ASEAN Economic Bulletin
10
Singapore Economic Review
9
Canadian Journal of Development Studies
8
Applied Economics
7
Asia Pacific Development Journal
7
Development and Change
7
Philippine Review of Economics and Business
7
Agricultural Economics
6
Asian Economic Journal
6
Asian Pacific Economic Literature
6
Bulletin for International Fiscal Documentation
6
Demography
6
Journal of Policy Modeling
6
Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy
6
Urban Studies
6
12
Table 5
Journals Publishing Six or More Articles
About the Malaysian Economy: 1986-2001
Journal
Articles
Singapore Economic Review
28
Humanomics
24
Developing Economies
22
ASEAN Economic Bulletin
19
Bulletin for International Fiscal Documentation
18
World Development
17
Applied Economics
14
Asian Economic Journal
12
Asia Pacific Development Journal
12
IIUM Journal of Economics and Management
12
Demography
11
Asian Pacific Economic Literature
10
Indian Economic Journal
10
Journal of Asian Economics
10
Pacific Basin Finance Journal
10
Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy
9
Journal of Development Economics
8
Asia Pacific Journal of Economics and Business
7
Journal of Development Studies
7
International Economic Journal
6
International Labour Review
6
Journal of Asia Pacific Business
6
Journal of Multinational Financial Management
6
13
Table 6
Journals Publishing Six or More Articles
About the Singapore Economy: 1986-2001
Journal
Singapore Economic Review
Bulletin for International Fiscal Documentation
Urban Studies
Applied Economics
ASEAN Economic Bulletin
Journal of Asian Economics
Applied Financial Economics
Asian Economic Journal
Applied Economics Letters
Asian Pacific Economic Literature
World Development
Pacific Basin Finance Journal
Environment and Planning A
Journal of Economic Development
Journal of Multinational Financial Management
International Journal of Social Economics
Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy
Regional Studies
Developing Economies
Journal of Banking and Finance
Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv
14
Articles
46
29
23
21
17
17
16
13
12
11
11
9
8
8
8
7
7
7
6
6
6
Table 7
Journals Publishing Six or More Articles
About the South Korean Economy: 1986-2001
Journal
International Economic Journal
World Development
Journal of Economic Development
Journal of Asian Economics
Seoul Journal of Economics
Bank of Korea Economic Papers
Journal of Development Economics
Applied Economics
Developing Economies
Global Economic Review
Applied Economics Letters
Asia Pacific Business Review
Journal of Economic Research
Economic Development and Cultural Change
Journal of Development Studies
Urban Studies
Telecommunications Policy
Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv
Energy Economics
Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy
Review of Economics and Statistics
Environment and Planning A
Journal of Developing Areas
Asian Pacific Economic Literature
Journal of Policy Modeling
Southern Economic Journal
Asia Pacific Development Journal
Asia Pacific Financial Markets
Brookings Papers on Economic Activity
Journal of East and West Studies
Journal of Urban Economics
Demography
Economics Letters
Pacific Basin Finance Journal
Review of Development Economics
15
Articles
61
57
46
42
41
40
30
27
26
25
18
17
16
13
13
13
12
12
10
10
10
9
9
8
8
8
7
7
7
7
7
6
6
6
6
Table 8
Journals Publishing Six or More Articles
About the Thai Economy: 1986-2001
Journal
World Development
ASEAN Economic Bulletin
Developing Economies
Journal of Asian Economics
Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy
Asian Pacific Economic Literature
Demography
Journal of Policy Modeling
Singapore Economic Review
World Bank Economic Review
American Journal of Agricultural Economics
Asia Pacific Journal of Economics and Business
Economies et Societes
International Journal of Social Economics
Urban Studies
Applied Economics Letters
Development and Change
Journal of Developing Areas
Journal of Development Economics
Philippine Review of Economics and Business
Population Studies
16
Articles
21
16
16
15
13
11
9
8
8
8
7
7
7
7
7
6
6
6
6
6
6
Table 9
Concentration of Journals Publishing Articles About the Asian Tiger and Other
Economies
Country
Time Period
1986-2001
Ten-Journal
Concentration Ratio
.546
Herfindahl-Hirshman
Index (all journals)
1,236
Indonesia
Former Czechoslovakia
1991-1998
.605
722
Hungary
1991-1998
.550
616
Italy
1988-1995
.582
422
Poland
1991-1998
.424
235
Singapore
1986-2001
.334
176
South Korea
1986-2001
.337
155
Malaysia
1986-2001
.301
146
Thailand
1986-2001
.251
119
Hong Kong
1986-2001
.256
117
Note: The Hierfindahl-Hirshman index in this table is the sum of the squares of the
percentage shares of articles of each of the journals. If one journal had published all the
articles, the index would be 10,000. As the number of journals increases, the index
approaches zero.
17
Table 10
Authors Publishing Three or More Articles
About the Hong Kong Economy: 1986-2001
Author
Suen, Wing
Ng, Linda Fung Yee
Lam, Pun Lee
Walls, W. David
Ho, Lok Sang
Tuan, Chyau
Tse, Raymond Y. C.
McGuinness, Paul
Tang, Gordon Y. N.
Cheung, Yan Leung
Chou, W. L.
Harris, Ian
Jao, Y. C.
Kan, Andy C. N.
Wong, Yue Chim
Webb, James R.
Tsang, Shu ki
Brockman, Paul
Chung, Dennis Y.
Harris, I. W.
Ng, Ying Chu
Schenk, Catherine R.
VanderWolk, Jefferson P.
Woo, Chi Keung
Yeung, Henry Wai Chung
18
Articles
7.5
6.3
6.0
6.0
5.7
5.3
5.2
5.0
4.7
4.5
4.0
4.0
4.0
3.5
3.5
3.2
3.2
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
Table 11
Authors Publishing Three or More Articles
About the Indonesian Economy: 1986-2001
Author
Hill, Hal
McLeod, Ross H.
Booth, Anne
Manning, Chris
Fane, George
Ravallion, Martin
Cameron, Lisa A.
Dick, Howard
Nasution, Anwar
Tambunan, Tulus
Azis, Iwan J.
Hull, Terence H.
Rietveld, Piet
Fukuchi, Takao
Sato, Yuri
Sjoholm, Fredrik
Thorbecke, Erik
van der Eng, Pierre
Leinbach, Thomas R.
James, William E.
Pangestu, Mari
Hayami, Yujiro
Asra, Abuzar
Deolalikar, Anil B.
Firdausy, Carunia Mulya
Firman, Tommy
Glassburner, Bruce
Kenward, Lloyd R.
Keuning, Steven J.
Lindblad, J. Thomas
Naylor, Rosamond
Rodgers, Yana van der Meulen
Soesastro, Hadi
Timmer, C. Peter
Uppal, J. S.
van de Walle, Dominique
19
Articles
16.2
14.5
12.0
12.0
8.5
7.0
6.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
4.5
4.5
4.1
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
3.8
3.5
3.5
3.3
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
Table 12
Authors Publishing Three or More Articles
About the Malaysian Economy: 1986-2001
Author
Ibrahim, Mansor H.
Singh, Veerinderjeet
Habibullah, Muzafar Shah
Kalirajan, K. P.
Wilson, Peter
Ariff, Mohamed
Menon, Jayant
Rasiah, Rajah
Abdul Aziz, Abdul Rahman
DaVanzo, Julie
Gan, Wee Beng
Vincent, Jeffrey R.
Abdullah, Naziruddin
Athukorala, Prema chandra
Beng, Gan Wee
Fong, Chan Onn
Hart, Gillian
Lillard, Lee A.
Narayanan, Suresh
Warr, Peter G.
20
Articles
10.0
10.0
5.0
4.5
4.5
4.0
4.0
4.0
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.3
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
Table 13
Authors Publishing Three or More Articles
About the Singapore Economy: 1986-2001
Author
Hong, Lee Fook
Huff, W. G.
Wilson, Peter
Phang, Sock Yong
Tse, Y. K.
Ang, B. W.
Low, Linda
Asher, Mukul G.
Gan, Wee Beng
Abeysinghe, Tilak
Yeung, Henry Wai Chung
Heng, Toh Mun
Hill, Hal
Toh, Mun Heng
Chew, Rosalind
Kalirajan, K. P.
Perry, Martin
Wong, Fot Chyi
Zhu, Jieming
21
Articles
20.0
8.5
7.5
6.0
5.5
5.3
5.3
5.0
4.5
4.0
3.7
3.5
3.5
3.3
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
Table 14
Authors Publishing Three or More Articles
About the South Korean Economy: 1986-2001
Author
Chang, Ha Joon
Kwack, Sung Y.
Mah, Jai Sheen
Lee, Young Sun
Kwon, Jene K.
Sengupta, Jati K.
Cho, Yoon Je
Hong, Wontack
Kim, Kyung Hwan
Castley, Robert J.
Engelbrecht, Hans Jurgen
Hahn, Jinsoo
Kuznets, Paul W.
Park, S. O.
Kim, Linsu
Park, Young Bum
Yoo, Seung Hoon
Noland, Marcus
Amsden, Alice H.
Arize, Augustine C.
Bahmani Oskooee, Mohsen
Jin, Jang C.
Kim, Myung Jig
Kwon, O. Yul
Lee, Chung H.
Lee, Jisoon
Lee, Jong Kun
Suh, Seoung Hwan
Grabowski, Richard
Darrat, Ali F.
Athukorala, Premachandra
Auty, R. M.
Burmeister, Larry L.
Choi, Changkyu
Choi, Gongpil
Collins, Susan M.
Gupta, Kanhaya L.
Hamilton, Clive
Hong, Kyttack
Kim, Hakun
Kwak, Seung Jun
Lee, Jaymin
Lee, Keun
Moreno, Ramon
Oh, Junggun
Rodrik, Dani
Seguino, Stephanie
Yuhn, Ky Hyang
22
Articles
6.3
6.0
6.0
5.8
5.5
5.5
5.0
5.0
4.8
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
3.8
3.8
3.7
3.7
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.3
3.3
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
Table 15
Authors Publishing Three or More Articles
About the Thai Economy: 1986-2001
Author
Warr, Peter G.
Paxson, Christina H.
Hill, Hal
Krongkaew, Medhi
Rigg, Jonathan
Yao, Shujie
Feder, Gershon
Booth, Anne
Chowdhury, Abdur R.
Deaton, Angus S.
Hongskrailers, Montri
Jansen, Karel
Leightner, Jonathan E.
Tiwari, Dirgha Nidhi
Wilson, Peter
23
Articles
7.0
4.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.3
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
Table 16
Concentration of Authors Publishing Articles About the Asian Tiger and Other
Economies
Country
Time Period
1991-1998
Ten-Author
Concentration Ratio
.152
Herfindahl-Hirshman
Index (all authors)
57
Hungary
Former Czechoslovakia
1991-1998
.127
46
Indonesia
1986-2001
.127
36
Singapore
1986-2001
.119
36
Poland
1991-1998
.092
33
Malaysia
1986-2001
.085
28
Thailand
1986-2001
.078
26
Hong Kong
1986-2001
.085
25
South Korea
1986-2001
.047
14
Italy
1988-1995
.059
8
Note: The Hierfindahl-Hirshman index in this table is the sum of the squares of the
percentage shares of articles of each of the authors. If one author had published all the
articles, the index would be 10,000. As the number of authors increases, the index
approaches zero.
24
600
Figure 1
Articles About Asian Tiger Economies Compared to All Articles in EconLit, 1986-2000
(1986=100)
500
400
Asian Tigers
300
AllEconLit
200
100
0
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
25
1998
2000
2002
Figure 2
Articles Published About Asian Tiger Economies: 1986-2000
160
140
120
100
Hong Kong
Indonesia
Malaysia
80
Singapore
S. Korea
Thailand
60
40
20
0
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
26
1998
2000
2002
Figure 3
Articles Published About the Asian Tiger Economies, 1986-2000
(1886=100)
900
800
700
600
Hong Kong
Indonesia
500
Malaysia
Singapore
S. Korea
400
Thailand
Asian Tigers
300
200
100
0
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
27
1998
2000
2002
Figure 4
Real GDP Growth in the Asian Tiger Economies, 1986-2000
(1886=100)
350
300
250
Hong Kong
200
Indonesia
Malaysia
Singapore
S. Korea
150
Thailand
100
50
0
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
28
1998
2000
2002