Major Concept: The Great Depression (1929-1933) The prosperous times of the 1920s had never reached into all sectors of the economy. A great deal of the prosperity rested on unstable foundations. In 1929 the economy’s underlying weaknesses were exposed. The stock market collapsed and the nation plunged into the worst economic depression in its history. US II Learning Standards: USII.11 Describe the various causes and consequences of the global depression of the 1930s, and analyze how Americans responded to the Great Depression (H, E) o o o o Restrictive monetary policies Unemployment Support for political and economic reform The influence of the ideas of John Maynard Keynes, and the critique of centralized economic planning and management by Ludwig von Mises, Friedrich von Hayek, and Milton Friedman Pacing Guide: January 7—January 16 (8 days) Key Questions: Skills and Outcomes: Introduce the Chapter: Write or Read a scenario for students to visualize. Example in Teacher’s Edition on the bottom of p. 670. Add your own What economic factors and visuals or details. conditions made the American Banks are closed forever, and families have no economy appear prosperous in the way to get any money. Everyone in the family has 1920s? lost their jobs. Bills are due, and the family has no way to pay any bills. There isn’t any food in the What event led to the stock market house and extended family can’t help as they, too crash of October, 1929? are in the same situation. Everything that could be sold, car, radio, furniture, has already been sold to Do you think that the president feed the family last week. Goods were sold at a very should be responsible when a cheap price as most people do not have any money disaster strikes the nation? to buy the goods. Families are being forced from their homes and living on the streets or in their cars, How did the collapse of the stock market come to hurt so many people if they still have them. How will they look for work? who did not have money invested in Where will they live? Suggested Assessments: Create a print ad for a stockbroker in the early 1920s who is trying to get new clients. The persuasive ad should explain why investing in the stock market and buying on margin are good ideas. Write a persuasive letter to a friend in which you urge him or her to be careful about making stock market investments. Use information gathered in note-taking from the chapter to support your position. Write song lyrics describing the living conditions during the Great Depression (Alternative Assessment Handbook – Rubric 26: Poems and songs stocks? How did the Great Depression affect ordinary people? What can you infer from the fact that the shantytowns of homeless Americans were known as ‘Hoovervilles’? Why was the Dust Bowl so devastating? Do you think those affected by the Dust Bowl were victims of nature or responsible for their own fate? Why did the Great Depression test Hoover and his fundamental philosophy about how to govern? What do you think Hoover meant by “rugged individualism”? What actions did Hoover take in response to the Great Depression? How do you think families responded during this period? How would you feel if this were to occur? How would you respond? Would things be different today if the stock market crashed? Why/Why not? Explore the timeline on pp. 670-671. Look at the pictures and read the dates and information. Ask students to answer the following in their notebooks: What facts did you already know? Expand. Look at the World events can you make any connections to events in the U.S.? When did Adolf Hitler become chancellor of Gernany ? When did the stock market crash? What is that day called? Why? What event began in 1931 that added to the misery of the Depression? Write an expository essay in which you describe the causes and effects of the Great Depression. Use details from your notes and the text to support your account. Create a poster and write a descriptive essay based on photographs of the Great Depression. Photographs available on the website: www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAnewdeal.ht m Scroll down to New Deal Photographers. (Directions for project provided in teacher’s notebook) In Your Shoes. Write a journal entry describing the treatment you receive as a migrant worker forced to flee the Great Plains as a victim of the droughts that created the Great Dust Bowl. Interpreting Visuals: Analyze the painting on pp. 670-671. Look at the people in the photo and describe how they are dressed. Read the caption, what do you think might be Write a letter to the editor in which you in the packages? either defend or criticize Herbert Hoover’s Do these workers seem to be victims of the approach to the stock market crash and the Great Depression? depression that followed. Use details from How helpful do you think these workers your two-column note-taking to support your were? Explain your answer. position Preview The Great Crash using PIC method Summarize the “Calm Before the Storm” Quizzes and Topic Test after you read the “The Inside Story.” o What warning sides did people You may select either of the required ignore? assessments depending upon availability of o How did Americans behave on the technology eve of the disaster? Main Idea and Details Take notes using GO #13 after reading An Appearance of Prosperity on pp. 673-674. o Describe the economic factors that led to optimism before the stock market crash. o Summarize how the stock market works in your notebook. Use a twocolumn format and write questions or make comments on the left side. o Interpret the Map on the election of 1928 on p. 674 and answer the question. Analyze the ways in which the election of 1928 represented a conflict over values between candidates. Evaluate Do you think that the president should be responsible when disaster strikes the nation? Give examples and support your answer. Explain the economic weakness in the 1920s. o Two column GO list economic indicators that the economy was prospering on one side. On the other side list the warning signs showing that there were problems in the economy. Identify Black Tuesday using the concept map GO #2. Sequence How did the big sell-off of stocks begin? Predict Do you think a stock market crash Select at least one more assessment of your choice could occur today? Examine the photo, Fallen on Hard Times on p. 678. Read the captions and answer the questions. Take notes on The Effects of the Crash on individuals, businesses, and overseas businesses using a web GO. Example on p. 679 #5, critical thinking question. Preview Americans Face Hard Times using PIC method Examine the photo Teenage HOBOES and read the “The Inside Story.” o Summarize the affects of the Great Depression on teenagers. Sequence illustrate the effects of the stock market crash and the chain reaction that brought ruin to so many American people. Record your answers on Sequence Chart GO in the online resources go.hrw.com. OR Cause and Effect GO Work cooperatively to identify the causes and effects of the Great Depression Interpret the Graphs on the economic impact of the Great Depression and answer the questions on p. 681. (Skills Handbook p. H16, H17) Analyze a primary source photo of the Great Depression Free Soup, Coffee, and Doughnuts from the Holt Teacher Resources p.12. Identify the Human Impact of the Great Depression In pairs, examine the infographic on the Life in a Hooverville on page 682. Each pair is to create a newspaper headline and a brief news article describing the living conditions in a Hooverville. o Making Inferences What can you infer from the fact that the shantytowns of homeless Americans came to be known as Hoovervilles? Describe how the Great Depression affected the minds and spirits of Americans in your notebook. Use two-sided notebook format and include your reactions and questions on the left side. Analyze the lyrics to “Brother Can you Spare a Dime.” What feelings are conveyed? Interpret the Map of the Dust Bowl on p. 684. Examine the picture, read the captions and answer the questions. (Skills H p. H18) Analyze the lyrics to Woody Guthrie’s song, “Pastures of Plenty” on page 685, if possible let students listen to the song. Create a list of the affects of the Dust Bowl on American life expressed in the lyrics. Identify Who were the Okies? o Evaluate Why do you think people in California were hostile to migrants from the Great Plains? o Predict What do you think the political effect of the Great Depression on President Hoover will be? Explain. o Literature as Historical Evidence read the Excerpt from the “Grapes of Wrath.” Complete the Skills Focus and think about the challenges facing farmers and their families as they leave their homes in search of new beginnings. Preview Hoover as President using PIC method Main Idea and Details Take notes on Herbert Hoover’s Philosophy using GO #13. o Evaluate What do you think Hoover meant by “rugged individualism”? Take notes on Hoover’s Response to the Great Depression on pp. 689-690. Students should record their answers on a two-column note-taking GO. One column should be used to identify Hoover’s effort to fix the problems of the Great Depression, while the other column should be used to provide a description of the solution/effort. An example is on the bottom of p. 690 in the Teacher’s Edition. Analyze the political cartoon, “It Won’t Be Long Now” on p. 689 and answer the questions. (Skills Handbook p. H31) Explain how the Bonus March contributed to Hoover’s downfall after reading “The Inside Story” Hoover Seals his Downfall, on p. 687. o Main Idea and Detail Chart after reading The Nation Responds to Hoover on pp. 690-691. o Identify the Bonus March using concept map GO #2. o Read the biography on “The Bonus Army” in the Teacher Resource Files on p. 8 and answer the questions. Evaluate the reaction of the American people to Hoover’s solutions to the Great Depression in paragraph form. Use evidence from the text and your notebook to support your answer.