Cooperative Institute for Climate Science Publications Publications *CICS Publications (Fiscal Year) Total GFDL Publications **GFDL Publications (Calendar Year) with Princeton co-authors Year 1 5 108 44 (41%) Year 2 22 111 55 (50%) Year 3 47 83 38 (46%) Totals 74 302 137 (45%) * Peer-reviewed ** This includes non-CICS supported scientists 2002-2005 CICS Publications Peer Reviewed: Adcroft, A. and R. Hallberg, 2006: On methods for solving the oceanic equations of motion in generalized vertical coordinates. Ocean Modelling, 11 (1-2), 224-233. Adcroft, A., J.-M. Campin, C.N. Hill and J.C. Marshall, 2004: Implementation of an atmosphere-ocean general circulation model on the expanded spherical cube. Month. Weath. Rev. 132 (12), 2845-2863. Adcroft, A. and J.M. Campin, 2004: Rescaled height coordinates for accurate representation of freesurface flows in ocean circulation models. Ocean Modelling. 7, 269-284. Anderson, J. L., V. Balaji, A. J. Broccoli, W. F. Cooke, T. L. Delworth, K. W. Dixon, L. J. Donner, K. A. Dunne, S. M. Freidenreich, S. T. Garner, R. G. Gudgel, C. T. Gordon, I. M. Held, R. S. Hemler, L. W. Horowitz, S.A. Klein, T. R. Knutson, P. J. Kushner, A. R. Langenhorst, N.-C. Lau, Z. Liang, S. L. Malyshev, P. C. D. Milly, M. J. Nath, J. J. Ploshay, V. Ramaswamy, M. D. Schwarzkopf, E. Shevliakova, J. J. Sirutis, B. J. Soden, W. F. Stern, L. A. Thompson, R. John Wilson, A. T. Wittenberg, and B. L.Wyman: 2004, The New GFDL Global Atmosphere and Land Model AM2-LM2: Evaluation with Prescribed SST Simulations. J. of Climate, vol. 17, pp.4641-4673 Boccaletti, G., R. Ferrari, A. Adcroft, D. Ferreira and J. Marshall, 2005: The vertical structure of ocean heat transport. Geophys. Res. Lett. 32 (10), L10603 [10.1029/2004GL022189] Cardoso M, Hurtt GC, Moore B, Nobre C, Prins E. (2003) Projecting future fire activity in Amazonia. Global Change Biology 9: 656-669. Cash, B., P. Kushner and G. K. Vallis. 2005. Zonal asymmetries, teleconnections and annular modes in a GCM. J. Atmos. Sci., 62, 207–219. Déry, S. J., and E. F. Wood, 2004: Teleconnection between the Arctic Oscillation and Hudson Bay river discharge, 31, Geophys. Res. Lett. L18205, doi: 10.1029/2004GL020729. Déry, S. J., and E. F. Wood, 2005a: Decreasing river discharge in northern Canada, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L10401, doi: 10.1029/2005GL022845. Déry, S. J., M. Stieglitz, E. C. McKenna, and E. F. Wood, 2005a: Characteristics and trends of river discharge into Hudson, James, and Ungava Bays, 1964-2000, Journal of Climate, 18, 2540-2557. Dewar, W. D., R. S. Samelson and G. K. Vallis. 2005. The ventilated pool: A model of subtropical mode water. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 35, 137-150. Doney, S. C., K. Lindsay, K. Caldeira, J.-M. Campin, H. Drange, J.-C. Dutay, M. Follows, Y. Gao, A. Gnanadesikan, N. Gruber, A. Ishida, F. Joos, G. Madec, E. Maier-Reimer, J.C. Marshall, R.J. Matear, P. Monfray, A. Mouchet, R. Najjar, J.C. Orr, G.-K. Plattner, J. Sarmiento, R. Schlitzer, R. Slater, I.J. Totterdell, M.-F. Weirig, Y. Yamanaka, and A. Yool, 2004. Evaluating global ocean carbon models: The importance of realistic physics, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 18, GB3017, doi:10.1029/2003GB002150. Donner, L.J. and V.T.J. Phillips, 2003: Boundary layer control on convective available potential energy: implications for cumulus parameterization. Journal of Geophysical Research, 108(D22), 4701, doi:10.1029/2003JD003773. Donner, S,D., Kucharik, C.J. and Oppenheimer, M. 2004. The influence of climate on in-stream removal of nitrogen. Geophys. Res. Letters, 31, L20509, 10.1029/2004GL020477. Fedorov, A. V., S.L. Harper, S.G. Philander, B. Winter, and A. T. Wittenberg, 2003: How predictable is El Nino? Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc.,84(7), 911-919. Fiore, A.M., T. Holloway, M.G. Hastings, 2003. A Global Perspective on Air Quality: Intercontinental Transport and Linkages with Climate, Environmental Management. Fiore, A.M., D .J. Jacob, H. Liu, R. M. Yantosca, T. D. Fairlie, Q. Li, 2003. Variability in surface ozone background over the United States: Implications for air quality policy, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4787, doi:10.1029/2003JD003855. Fox-Kemper, B., J. Pedlosky: 2004, Wind-driven barotropic gyre I: Circulation control by eddy voriticity fluxes to an enhanced removal region. Journal of Marine Research, 62(2), 169-193. Fox-Kemper, B.: 2004, Wind-driven barotropic gyre II: Effects of eddies and low interior viscosity. Journal of Marine Research, 62(2), 195-232. Frierson, Dargan M.W., Andrew J. Majda and Olivier M. Pauluis; 2004: Large Scale Dynamics of Precipitation Fronts in the Tropical Atmosphere:A Novel Relaxation Limit. Comm. in Math. Sci., 2, 591-626. Gerber, E. P. and G. K. Vallis, 2005: A Stochastic Model for the Spatial Structure of Annular Patterns of Variability and the North Atlantic Oscillation, Journal of Climate, 18, 2102-2118 GFDL's Global Atmospheric Model Development Team, 2002: The new GFDL global atmosphere and land model AM2/LM2: Evaluation with prescribed SST simulations. J. Climate,17(21), 4171-4179. Gnanadesikan, A., J. P. Dunne, R. M. Key, K. Matsumoto, J. L. Sarmiento, R. D. Slater, and P, S. Swathi, 2004. Oceanic ventilation and biogeochemical cycling: Understanding the physical mechanisms that produce realistic distributions of tracers and productivity. Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 18, GB4010, doi:10.1029/2003GB002097. Gnanadesikan, A., R. D. Slater, P. S. Swathi, and G. K. Vallis, 2005: The energetics of ocean heat transport. Journal of Climate, 18(14), 2604-2616 Grandpeix, J.-Y., V. T. J. Phillips, and R. Tailleux. 2004. Improved mixing representation in Emanuel’s scheme, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 130, pp 3207. Grianik, N., I. M. Held, K. S. Smith, and G. K. Vallis, 2004: The effects of quadratic drag on the inverse cascade of two-dimensional turbulence. Physics of Fluids, 16(1), 73-78. Henning, C and Vallis, G. K. 2005. The Effects of Mesoscale Eddies on the Stratification and Transport of an Ocean with a Circumpolar Channel. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 35, 880–896 Henning, C and Vallis, G. K. 2005. The effect of mesoscale eddies on the main subtropical thermocline. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 34, 2428–2443. Hill, C., C. DeLuca, V. Balaji, M. Suarez, A. daSilva, Jan./Feb. 2004. Architecture of the Earth System Modeling Framework, Computers in Science & Engineering, vol 6, No.1, 18-28. Holloway, T., H. Levy II, and G. Carmichael, 2002: Transfer of reactive nitrogen in Asia: development and evaluation of a source-receptor model. Atmos. Environ., 36(26), 4251-4264. Holloway, T., A.M. Fiore, M.G. Hastings, 2003. Intercontinental Transport of Air Pollution: Will emerging science lead to a new hemispheric treaty?, Environ. Sci. & Technol., 37, 4535-4542. Houweling, S., F.-M. Breon, I. Aben, C. Rödenbeck, M. Gloor, M. Heimann, and P. Ciais (2004), Inverse modeling of CO2 sources and sinks using satellite data: a synthetic inter-comparison of measurement techniques and their performance as a function of space and time, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 4, 523-538. Huang, X.L., and Y. L. Yung 2005, Spatial and spectral variability of the outgoing thermal IR spectra from AIRS: A case study of July 2003, Journal of Geophysical Research - Atmospheres, 110, D12102, doi:10.1029/2004JD005530. Huang, X.L., B.J. Soden, and D.L. Jackson, 2005. Interannual co-variability of tropical temperature and humidity: a comparison of model, reanalysis data and satellite observation, Geophysical Research Letters, 32, L17808, doi:10.1029/2005GL023375. Khain, A., A. Pokrovsky, M. Pinsky, A. Seifert, and V. T. J. Phillips, 2004. Simulation of effects of atmospheric aerosols on deep turbulent convective clouds by using a spectral microphysics mixed-phase cumulus cloud model. Part 1: Model description and possible applications, J. Atmos. Sci., 61(24), 29632982. Kim, B.G., S.E. Schwartz, M.A. Miller, and Q. Min, 2003: Effective radius of cloud droplets by groundbased remote sensing: Relationship to aerosol, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D23), 4740, doi:10.1029/2003JD003721. Kim, B.G., S.A., Klein, and J.R. Norris, 2004: Variability of continental liquid-water cloud and its parameterization using ARM data. J. Geophys. Res. 110(D15)S08, doi10.1029/2004JD005122. Koster, Randal D., Paul A. Dirmeyer, Zhichang Guo, Gordon Bonan, Edmond Chan, Peter Cox, C. T. Gordon, Shinjiro Kanae, Eva Kowalczyk, David Lawrence, Ping Liu, Cheng-Hsuan Lu, Sergey Malyshev, Bryant McAvaney, Ken Mitchell, David Mocko, Taikan Oki, Keith Oleson, Andrew Pitman, Y. C. Sud, Christopher M. Taylor, Diana Verseghy, Ratko Vasic, Yongkang Xue, and Tomohito Yamada: 20 August 2004. Regions of Strong Coupling Between Soil Moisture and Precipitation. Science; 305: 1138-1140 Larson, E. and H. Yang, 2004, Dimethyl ether from coal as a household cooking fuel in China, Energy for Sustainable Development, 8, 115-126. Legg, S., R.W. Hallberg and J.B. Girton, 2005: Comparison of entrainment in overflows simulated by zcoordinate, isopycnal and nonhydrostatic models. Ocean Modelling, v11, 69-97. Legg, S. 2004, Internal tides generated on a corrugated continental slope. Part II:Along-slope barotropic forcing. Journal of Physical Oceanography, v34, 1824-1838. Legg, S. 2004, A simple criterion to determine the transition from a localized convection to a distributed convection regime. Journal of Physical Oceanography, v34, 2843-2846. Marshall, J.C., A.J. Adcroft, J.-M. Campin and C. Hill, 2004: Atmosphere-Ocean Modeling exploiting fluid isomorphisms, Monthly Weather Review, 132 (12), 2882-2894. Martin, R.V., A.M. Fiore, and A.Van Donkelaar, 2004. Space-based diagnosis of surface ozone sensitivity to anthropogenic emissions, Geophys. Res. Lett. 31, L06120,doi:10.1029/2004GL019416. Matsumoto, K., J.L. Sarmiento, R.M. Key, O. Aumont, J.L. Bullister, K. Caldeira, J.-M. Campin, S.C. Doney, H. Drange, J.-C. Dutay, M. Follows, Y. Gao, A. Gnanadesikan, N. Gruber, A. Ishida, F. Joos, K. Lindsay, E. Maier-Reimer, J.C. Marshall, R.J. Matear, P. Monfray, A. Mouchet, R. Najjar, G.-K. Plattner, R. Schlitzer, R. Slater, P.S. Swathi, I.J. Totterdell, M.-F. Weirig, Y. Yamanaka, A. Yool, J.C. Orr, 2004. Evaluation of ocean carbon cycle models with data-based metrics. Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L07303, doi:10.1029/2003GL018970. Menemenlis, D., C. Hill, A. Adcroft, J.-M. Campin, B. Cheng, B. Ciotti, I. Fukumori, P. Heimbach, C. Henze, A. Kohl, T. Lee, D. Stammer, J. Taft and J. Zhang, 1 March 2005: NASA Supercomputer Improves Prospects for Ocean Climate Research. EOS, Transaction, American Geophysical Union. 86 (9), 95-96. Mignone, B. K., J. L. Sarmiento, R. D. Slater, and A. Gnanadesikan, 2004. Sensitivity of sequestration efficiency to mixing processes in the global ocean. Energy, 29: 1467-1478 Natraj, V., X. Jiang, R.-L. Shia, X.L. Huang, J.S. Margolis, and Y.L. Yung, 2005. The Application of Principal Component Analysis in Fast, Highly Accurate and High Spectral Resolution Radiative Transfer Modeling: A Case Study of the O2 A-band, Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer, 95(4), pp. 539-556. Pauluis, Olivier, 2004: Boundary layer dynamics and cross-equatorial Hadley Circulation. J. Atmos. sci., 61, 1161-1173. Pauluis, Olivier, and Kerry A. Emanuel, 2004: Numerical instability resulting from infrequent calculation of radiative heating. Monthly Weather Review, 132, 673-686. Phillips, V.T.J., Choularton, T.W., Blyth, A.M., and J. Latham, 2003: Simulations of the glaciation of a frontal mixed-phase cloud with the Explicit Microphysics Model (EMM). Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 129, pp. 1351-1371. Phillips, V.T.J., Choularton, T.W., Blyth, A.M., and J. Latham, 2002: The influence of aerosol concentrations on the glaciation and precipitation of a cumulus cloud. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc.,128, pp. 951-971 Phillips, V.T.J., Blyth, A.M., Brown, P.R.A., Choularton, T.W., and J. Latham, 2001: The glaciation of a cumulus cloud over New Mexico. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 127, pp. 1513-1534 Phillips, V. T. J., S. C. Sherwood, C. Andronache, A. Bansemer, W. C. Conant, P. J. DeMott, R. C. Flagan, A. Heymsfield, H. Jonsson, M. Poellot, T. A. Rissman, J. H. Seinfeld, T. Vanreken, V. Varutbangkul and J. C. Wilson, 2005. Anvil glaciation in a deep cumulus updraft over Florida simulated with an Explicit Microphysics Model. I: The impact of various nucleation processes, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 131, 2019-2046. Purves, D., J. Caspersen, P. Moorcroft, G. Hurtt, S. Pacala. 2004. Human-induced changes in U.S.biogenic VOC emissions. Global Change Biology 10:1-19 doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00844.x. Randles, C. A., L. M. Russell, and V. Ramaswamy (2004), Hygroscopic and optical properties of organic sea salt aerosol and consequences for climate forcing, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L16108, doi:10.1029/2004GL020628. Riviere, G., Hua B. L. and Klein, P. 2004. Perturbation growth in terms of baroclinic alignment properties. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. 130, 1655-1673. Roy, S. B., G. C. Hurtt, C. P. Weaver, S. W. Pacala. (2003) Impact of historical land cover change on the July climate of the United States. Journal of Geophysical Research 108, D24, 4793, doi:10.1029/2003JD003565. Russell, J.L., & J.M. Wallace (2004), Annual carbon dioxide drawdown and the Northern Annular Mode, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 18, GB1012, doi:10.1029/2003GB002044. Salzmann, M., M. G. Lawrence, V. T. J. Phillips and L. J. Donner, 2004. Modeling tracer transport by a cumulus ensemble: lateral boundary conditions and large-scale ascent, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 4, 3381-3418. Sarmiento, J.L., N. Gruber, M.A. Brzezinski and J.P. Dunne (2004). High-latitude controls of thermocline nutrients and low latitude biological productivity, Nature, 427, 56-60. Sarmiento, J. L., R. Slater, R. Barber, L. Bopp, S. C. Doney, A. C. Hirst, J. Kleypas, R. Matear, U. Mikolajewicz, P. Monfray, V. Soldatov, S. A. Spall, and R. Stouffer, 2004. Response of ocean ecosystems to climate warming. Global Biogeochem . Cycles, 18, GB3003, doi:1029/2003GB002134. Sigman, D. M., S. L. Jaccard, and G. H. Haug, Polar ocean stratification in a cold climate, Nature, 428, 59-63, 2004. Sweeney, C. 2003. The annual cycle of surface CO2 and O2 in the Ross Sea: A model for gas exchange on the continental shelves of Antarctica. Antarctic Research Series, 78, 195-312. Sweeney, C., A. Gnanadesikan, S. M. Griffies, M. J. Harrison, A. J. Rosati, and B. L. Samuels, 2005: Impacts of shortwave penetration depth on large-scale ocean circulation and heat transport. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 35(6), 1103-1119. Tian, B., and V. Ramanathan, 2003: A simple moist tropical atmosphere model: Role of cloud radiative forcing. J. Climate, 16, 2086-2092. Tian, B., B. J. Soden, and X. Wu, 2004: Diurnal cycle of convection, clouds, and water vapor in the tropical upper troposphere: Satellites versus a general circulation model. J. Geophys. Res., 109, D10101, doi:10.1029/2003JD004117. Vallis, G.K., E. P. Gerber, P. J. Kushner, and B. A. Cash, 2004: A Mechanism and Simple Dynamical Model of the North Atlantic Oscillation and Annular Modes, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 61, 264-280 West, J. J., and A. M. Fiore (2005) Management of tropospheric ozone by reducing methane emissions, Environmental Science & Technology, 39(13): 4685-4691, doi: 10.1021/es048629f. Wittenberg, A. T., 2004: Extended wind stress analyses for ENSO. J. Climate, 17, 2526-2540. Xia, Y., Z. L. Yang, P. L. Stoffa, M. K. Sen, 2005a: Using different hydrological variables to assess the impacts of atmospheric forcing errors on optimization and uncertainty analysis of the CHASM surface model at a cold catchment, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D01101, doi:10.1029/2004JD005130. Yang, H. and H. Levy II, 2004, Sensitivity of photodissociation rate coefficients and O3 photochemical tendencies to aerosols and clouds, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D24301, doi:10.1029/2004JD005032. Zhang, R. and T. L. Delworth, 2005. Simulated Tropical Response to a Substantial Weakening of the Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation. Letter in Journal of Climate, 18, 1853-1860. Zhang, S., J. L. Anderson, A. Rosati, M. Harrison, S. P. Khare, and A. T. Wittenberg, 2004: Multiple time level adjustment for data assimilation. Tellus A, 56, 2-15. Ph.D. Thesis: Khare, S. P. 2004: Observing network design for improved prediction of geophysical fluid flows – analysis of ensemble methods, PhD thesis, Princeton University. Tam, C-Y. 2003: The Impact of ENSO on Tropical and Extratropical Atmospheric Variability on Intraseasonal and Synoptic Time Scales as Inferred from Observations and GCM Simulations, Ph.D. dissertation, Princeton University, New Jersey, 197 pp. Chapters in Books: Edmonds, J., F. Joos, N. Nakicenovic, R. G. Richels, and J. L. Sarmiento, 2004. Scenarios, targets, gaps, and costs. In: The Global Carbon Cycle, ed. C. B. Field and M. R. Raupach, Island Press, Washing Fiore, A. M. Contributing Author to Chapters 2 and 3 of the Air Quality Criteria Document for Ozone and Related Photochemical Oxidants for the Environmental Protection Agency, March 2003-present. Greenblatt, J. B., and J. L. Sarmiento, 2004. Variability and climate feedback mechanisms in ocean uptake of CO2. In: The Global Carbon Cycle, ed. C. B. Field and M. R. Raupach, Island Press, Washington, D.C., pp. 257-275. Heimann, M., M. Gloor and C. Rödenbeck (2004), Spatial and Temporal Distributions of Sources and Sinks of Carbon Dioxide, In “The Global Carbon Cycle”, Island Press, Washington, Eds. C. B. Field and M. Raupach, 187-204. Marinov, I., and J. L. Sarmiento, 2004. The role of the oceans in the global carbon cycle: An overview. In: The Ocean Carbon Cycle and Climate, ed. M. Follows and T. Oguz, NATO Pauluis, Olivier, 2004: Chapter 9. Water vapor and entropy production in the Earth atmosphere. In NonEquilibrium Thermodynamics and the Production of Entropy: Life, Earth, and Beyond, Kleidon and Lorenz Ed. Springer Verlag, for publication in Fall 2004 Vallis, G.K. 2003. Mean and eddy dynamics of the main thermocline. In: Nonlinear Processes in Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, O. U. Velasco Fuentes, J. Sheinbaum and J. Ochoa (editors). Kluwer Academic Publishers. Dordrecht, The Netherlands (2003) 141-172. Non-Peer Reviewed: Adcroft, A., C. Hill, J.-M. Campin, J. Marshall and P. Heimbach, 2004: Overview of the Formulation and Numerics of the MIT GCM, Proceedings of the ECMWF Seminar Series on Numerical Methods, Recent developments in numerical methods for atmosphere and ocean modeling. 139-149. Dery, Stephen J., Marc Stieglitz, E. McKenna and Eric F. Wood 2004 Recent trends and changes in freshwater discharge into Hudson, James, and Ungava Bays, Eos Trans. AGU,85(17), Jt. Assem. Suppl., Abstract H34A-03. Déry, S. J., J. Sheffield, and E. F. Wood, 2005: Connectivity between Eurasian snow extent and Canadian snow mass and river discharge, Conference Proceedings of the 62nd Annual Eastern Snow Conference, June 2005, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. Déry, S. J., and E. F. Wood, 2005: Characteristics, trends, and atmospheric drivers of Canadian river discharge to high-latitude oceans, Proceedings of the 8th Conference on Polar Meteorology and Oceanography, Jan. 2005, San Diego, CA, USA. Dykema, J.A., S.S. Leroy, B.F. Farrell, J.G. Anderson, D. Tobin, R. Knuteson, H. Revercomb, X. Huang, Confronting models with ARM data: A statistical comparison of Southern Great Plains AERI radiance spectra and GCM output, Proceedings of the Fifteenth Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Science Team Meeting ARM-CONF-2005, March 2005. Huang, X., Y. Yung, V. Ramaswamy, Spatial and Spectral Variability of the Outgoing Thermal IR Spectra: a Case study of July 2003, Eos Trans. AGU, 85 (47), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract A51B-0769, 2004. Hurtt, G. C., Frolking, S., Fearon, M., Moore, B., Shevliakova, E., Malyshev, S., Pacala S., Houghton, R.A., 2004 Three centuries of gridded, global land-use transition rates and wood harvest statistics for Earth System Model applications, Paper Presentation, LUCC: Integrated assessment of the land system: The future of land use Amsterdam. Li, L., A.P. Ingersoll, X. Huang, Interaction of Moist Convection with Jupier's Zonal Jets, Eos Trans. AGU, 85 (47), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract P51B-1428, 2004. Luo, Lifeng, Andrew Wood, Eric F. Wood, Dennis P Lettenmaier 2004. An Experimental Seasonal Streamflow Prediction System and The Streamflow Predictability Over the Ohio River Basin, Eos Trans. AGU,85(17), Jt. Assem. Suppl., Abstract H33A-04. Luo, Lifeng Eric F Wood, Tony Gordon and Sergy Malyshev 2004 Precipitation variability and predictability in the GFDL General Circulation Model, Eos Trans. AGU,85(17), Jt. Assem. Suppl., Abstract H31E-05. Shevliakova, E., S.W. Pacala, S. Malyshev, G.C. Hurtt, and J.P. Caspersen. 2003 "Carbon Cycle and Vegetation Dynamics in the GFDL-Princeton University Coupled Atmosphere-Biosphere Model",Eos Trans. AGU, 84(46), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract B41C-0899. Tian, B., and B. J. Soden, 2003: The diurnal cycle of upper tropospheric water vapor. 13th ARM Science Team Meeting, Broomfield, CO. Wittenberg, A. T., and M. J. Harrison, 2003: A baseline statistical model for tropical Pacific wind stress anomalies. 14th Conference on Atmospheric and Oceanic Fluid Dynamics, San Antonio, TX, June 9-13. Paper #P4.2. Xia, Y., P. C. D. Milly, and K. A. Dunne, 2004: Optimization and Uncertainty Estimates of WMO Regression Models for Precipitation-Gauge Bias in the United States, EOS Tans. AGU, 85(47). Fall meet. suppl. abstract.