1
511176 (GOCE)
CARBOOCEAN
Marine carbon sources and sinks assessment
Integrated Project
Global Change and Ecosystems
Fifth Annual Activity Report
Period covered: 01.01.2009 to 31.12.2009
Date of preparation: 02.10.2009
Start date of project: Jan 1st 2005
Duration: 60 months
Project coordinator name: Christoph Heinze
Project coordinator organisation name: University of Bergen
Revision: Draft 1.0
2
PERIODIC ACTIVITY REPORT
1. Core Theme reports
1.1 Core Theme 1: “North Atlantic and Southern Ocean CO2 air-sea exchange on
a seasonal to inter-annual scale”, Andrew J. Watson
-
1.2. Core Theme 2: “Detection of decadal-to-centennial ocean carbon inventory
changes”, Douglas Wallace
-
1.3 Core Theme 3: “Carbon uptake and release at European regional scale”,
Helmuth Thomas
-
1.4 Core Theme 4: “Biogeochemical feedbacks on the oceanic carbon sink”,
Marion Gehlen
-
1.5 Core Theme 5:“Future scenarios for marine carbon sources and sinks”,
Christoph Heinze
1.5.1 Overview of general project objectives
The original objectives of the core theme are:
O5.1 Fully coupled climate/ocean carbon cycle simulations using realistic scenarios for future
anthropogenic CO2 emissions including the biogeochemical feedbacks as investigated under core
theme 4 will provide transient CO2 source-sink distributions.
O5.2 A study on purposeful carbon dioxide storage will provide an estimate of the effectiveness, and
will build up expertise on the methodology and effectiveness of this mitigation option.
O5.3 The resulting changes in oceanic carbon source-sink behaviour over time and space will be
analysed in order to identify cause-effect relationships.
O5.4 The uncertainties of simulations on future ocean carbon sources and sinks will be quantitatively
determined.
1.5.2 Recommendations from previous review
There were no specific comments concerning this core theme (citation from the previous review:
“This report highlights the progress being made in preparing for the final model runs both in
collecting and assembling the data and in defining the clear targets on remaining work and
synthesis. An impressive list of models seems to being employed in this theme”).
1.5.3 Summary of objectives for the reporting period (and their achievements)
3
For the final n the project phase “synopsis and sustainment”, the goal was to synthesize our results and
to prepare important results and developments for a handover to other projects.
The following model systems were be used (modules listed in the sequence ocean physics, ocean
biogeochemistry, land biosphere, atmosphere):
-MPI-OM, HAMOCC5, JSBACH, ECHAM5 (”COSMOS” MPI Hamburg, partner 12)
-NCAR CSM1.4, OCMIP-2 (modified), CASA‘ (Univ. Bern, partner 11)
-IPSL-CM4 for the GCM, PISCES, ORCHIDEE (LSCE, partner 6)
-HadCM3L(physics+biogeochem.)/HadOM3L(physics+biogeochem.) (UK Met-Office, partner 33)
-MICOM (Miami/Bergen Isopycnic Model), HAMOCC5, LPJ, ARPEGE (Univ. Bergen & NERSC,
part. 1&28).
3 major synthesis products (see also WP17 description) were planned and achieved:
UPDATE IN NOVEMBER NEEDED
(1) An analysis on regional biogeochemical and climatic impacts on marine and air-sea carbon fluxes
during the classical “IPCC scenario time scale” year 2000-2100. The analysis in the “observed part”
(2000-2008) of this interval will be of major significance for the emerging IGBP sub-project
“RECCAP” of GCP (Global Carbon Project). RECCAP stands for “REgional Carbon Cycle
Assessment and Processes” and will bring together results from all relevant groups worldwide for a
global and regional assessment of air-sea CO2 fluxes.
(2) A Synthesis on the carbon cycle climate feedback behaviour by comparing the different Earth
system models using idealised CO2 concentration scenarios, which help to analyse the extent to which
different processes contribute to the carbon climate feedback in the various models. This analysis is
expected to be of significance also for the IPCC AR5 simulations which will follow after the end of
CARBOOCEAN.
(3) Finally a review article on the current knowledge of carbon cycle climate feedbacks is being
written jointly of WP17 (core theme 5) and WP16 (core theme 4) summarising the essence of the
CARBOOCEAN results to a wider audience. Major contents of this paper were presented already by
MarionGehlen during the 8th International Carbon Dioxide Conference in Jena in September 2009.
NEEDS CLARIFYING DURING FINAL MEETING
The feasibility study on purposeful carbon storage carried final the laboratory experiments on nearfield spreading parameters at the deep-sea CO2 injection sites. The laboratory results were
validated/cross-checked through selected comparisons with field data collected on a research cruise in
2008. Global high resolution modelling runs have successfullly bridged the results from the near field
studies with the integrated large scale dispersion to be expected. The results from this type of upscaling modelling and the measurements were supposed to be ??DID THIS HAPPEN?? synthesised at
a joint workshop of observationalists and modellers on deliberate carbon storage in the ocean.
1.5.4 Most important problems and actions/corrections taken
Needs updating in Nov.
Potentially mention workshop for WP18.
4
Section 2 – Work Package progress of the period 01.01.2008-31.12.2008
2.1 Work Package 1 “ Prediction towards Sustainable Development (Overarching
WP).” (Christoph Heinze)
2.1.1 Work package objectives
The overall goal of this WP was to summarise the new knowledge on marine carbon sources and sinks
for scientists and policy makers. This includes all major aspects of the topic such as:
The observing system for short term marine carbon sources and sinks assessment for exploitation as a
quasi-operational tool (WP1 objective for core theme 1)
The quantification of the inventory of anthropogenic carbon in the ocean (WP1 objective for core
theme 2).
Establisment of a European carbon balance (marine-terrestrial) established within the limits of the
project (WP1 objective for core theme 3).
Summarise marine carbon cycle feedback evaluation from models and observations (WP1 objective
for core theme 4).
Summarise the available future scenarios on the marine carbon sink (WP1 objective for core theme 5).
2.1.2 Progress towards objectives
The specific objectives for the reporting period were, to achieve:
(1) A pre-final statement of overall uncertainties in inorganic carbon fluxes estimates in present ocean
using all approaches (D1.12, month 58).
(2) The final version of carbon assessment report for wider audience (jointly written by
CARBOOCEAN and CarboEurope) as printed booklet (D1.13 month 54).
(3) A report on WP1 major achievements (D1.14, this report and elements for the 5-years-overall
report).
All specific objectives have been met. In Detail:
Pre-final statement of overall uncertainties in inorganic carbon fluxes estimates in present ocean using
all approaches (D1.12, month 58):
A summary will be written as part of the executive summary to be included in the final 5-years-report
TO BE DONE ON FINAL MEETING:
-collect all numbers from different core themes, mention this in general overview
-collect all published papers and manuscripts concerning this from partners
Final version of carbon assessment report for wider audience (jointly written by CARBOOCEAN and
CarboEurope) as printed booklet (D1.13 month 54):
The final version of the European carbon assessment report: Schulze, E.-D., (co-ordinator of
CarboEurope), C. Heinze (co-ordinator of CarboOcean), John Gash, Andrea Volbers, Annette
Freibauer, and Anastasios Kentarchos, 2009, Integrated assessment of the European and North
Atlantic Carbon Balance - key results, policy implications for post 2012 and research needs -,
eds., European Commission, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities,
Luxembourg, ISBN 978-92-79-07970-2, doi:10.2777/31254, 141 pp.;
was printed and distributed at various occasions, among others on the pre-COP15 science conference
“Climate Change – Global Risks, Chellengses & Decisions Copenhagen (Denmark), 10-12 March
2009, and the 8th Internationa lCarbon Dioxide Conference in Jena (Germany) during 13-19 September
2009. The first edition of the booklet is already used up, and further copies have been ordered. An
electronic version of the booklet is available on-line at:
5
http://cordis.europa.eu/fetch?CALLER=PUBL_LIB_FP6&ACTION=D&DOC=1&CAT=PUBL&QU
ERY=01240b175697:68fb:5c17ddad&RCN=200910237
Figure x.y.z: Integrated carbon assessment report written a joint venture of the European marine and
terrestrial carbon cycle researchers.
Report on WP1 major achievements (D1.14, end of project):
This is this report once it is finalised.
ADD A FEW WORDS ON MILESTONES IN NOV 2009:
2.1.3 Deviations from the project work program, and corrective actions taken
No deviations to be reported.
2.1.4 Recommendations from previous review
We are happy to acknowledge the positive remark of the external reviewer:
“At the time of writing this review, the Copenhagen Climate Change Conference has just taken place
and the media has reported extensively on its conclusions some of which clearly came from the results
of CARBOCEAN scientists.”
2.1.5 List of deliverables in WP1
Del.
No.
Deliverable name
D1.1
2
Pre-final statement of
overall uncertainties
in inorganic carbon
fluxes estimates in
present ocean using
all approaches
WP
no.
1
Date
due
Month
58
Actual/Forec
ast delivery
date
Month 58
Estimated
indicative
personmonths *)
xx
Used
indicative
personmonths *)
xx
Lead
contrac
tor
1 (UiB)
6
D1.1
3
Final version of carbon
assessment report
for wider audience
(jointly written by
CARBOOCEAN
and CarboEurope)
as printed booklet
(month 54).
1
Month
54
Month 54
xx
xx
1 (UiB)
D1.1
4
Report on WP1 major
achievements
1
End of
project
End of project
xx
xx
1(UiB)
2.1.6 List of milestones in WP1
Milestone
No.
Milestone name
WP no.
Date due
Actual/Forecast
delivery date
Month 54
Lead contractor
M1.3
Major final project products
defined and links to policy
issues made.
1
Month
54
M1.4
Now-cast and prediction phase
successfully finished and ready
for project synthesis (improved
sources and sinks
quantification avail-able –
present and future).
Final sources and sinks
assessment disseminated and
available for further
exploitation.
1
Month
54
Month 54
1 (UiB)
1
Month
60
Month XY
1 (UiB)
M1.5
1 (UiB)
2.2 Work Package 2: “Annual assessment” (Overarching WP), Dorothee Bakker
2.2.1 Work package objectives
1. Compilation of a first best estimate of CO2 air/sea exchange fluxes between the atmosphere and
the Atlantic Ocean basin, including its polar extensions and the exchanges with the European
Union comprising the European coastal seas and the European continent for the year 2005 (annual
mean, seasonal).
2. Integration of this first best estimate into large scale global estimates in the Global Carbon Project,
notably for (a) the world oceans, (b) the Southern Ocean, and (c) the Northern hemisphere CO2
sinks (sources) in Europe, Asia and North America.
3. Critical evaluation of the methods applied for further prioritising of the most promising ones.
4. Summary on annual/seasonal air/sea flux estimates from previous research for measuring the
improvement for further quantifications.
2.2.2 Progress towards objectives
Objectives 1, 2, 3, 4) Annual and seasonal CO2 air/sea flux maps of the North Atlantic Ocean for 2007
(D2.9) will be completed by xxx. Part 2 of the Assessment how use of North Atlantic CO2 air-sea flux
estimates in atmospheric inversions reduces the uncertainty of northern hemisphere flux estimates
(D2.13) will be completed by xxx. Sessions on the ‘Advances in the quantification of CO2 air/sea
fluxes’ (D2.14) and on ‘Simulating the variability of CO2 air-sea fluxes’ (D2.15) will be held at the 5th
7
annual CarboOcean meeting. A report on major achievements in WP2 (D2.16) will be completed by
15 October 2010.
Objective 1) Surface water CO2 data have been collected on North Atlantic Voluntary Observing
Ships (WP4), in the Southern Ocean (WP5), and any further data collection??????. High quality,
continuous, atmospheric CO2 and O2 data have been collected at ??? (WP4, 14).
Objectives 1, 2) CarboOcean scientists and the CarboOcean data manager play an important role in
the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT). SOCAT has these aims: 1) a 2nd level quality controlled
(QC) global surface ocean fCO2 data set and 2) a gridded global SOCAT product of monthly surface
water fCO2 means, with no temporal or spatial interpolation (i.e. bin averages). These data products
will be made publicly available. In 2009 four regional SOCAT groups met: the coastal SOCAT group
(January 2009, Kiel, Germany), the Pacific SOCAT group (March 2009, Tsukuba, Japan) and the
Atlantic and Southern Ocean SOCAT groups (June 2009, Norwich, UK) (http://www.ioccp.org/, see
Workshops and meetings). Discussions took place on the Live Access Server as a tool in SOCAT and
on strategies for 2nd level QC. The participants committed to undertaking 2nd level QC in specific
regions. Further meetings are planned by the Pacific and Southern Ocean groups (February 2010,
Japan) and a SOCAT science meeting (spring 2011). The absence of dedicated SOCAT funding is an
obstacle to rapid progress. At present the marine carbon community is considering its contribution to
RECCAP (REgional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes), which is an effort coordinated through
the Global Carbon Program (GCP) to combine the latest land, atmosphere, and ocean carbon cycle
research into a global assessment, in time for the IPCC 5th Assessment Report.
Objectives 1 and 2) Chen and Borges (2009) conclude that continental shelves act as CO2 sinks and
near-shore ecosystems as sources of atmospheric CO2. The Takahashi et al. (2009) climatology
presents basin-wide and global CO2 air-sea flux estimates. Many CarboOcean scientists and data have
strongly contributed to this climatology for the year 2000.
Objectives 1, 3, 4) CarboOcean scientists published numerous scientific articles in 2009. Articles by
Boutin and Merlivat (2009), Chen and Borges (2009), Chierici et al. (2009), Friedrich and Oschlies
(2009), Huertas et al. (2009), Lenton et al. (2009a, b), Metzl (2009), Santana-Casiano et al. (2009),
Schuster et al. (2009), Telszewski et al. (2009), and Watson et al. (2009, submitted to Science) are
important peer-reviewed CarboOcean publications. Some of these publications were published in the
Special issue on Surface Ocean CO2 Variability and Vulnerabilities (SOCOVV) in Deep-Sea Research
II. Several PhD theses with strong links to WP2 science have been completed or are nearing
completion (e.g. Friedrich, Steinhoff (partner 4), Padin (partner 5), Patecki, Telszewski (partner 9)).
CarboOcean scientists were well represented at the 8th International Carbon Dioxide Conference
(ICDC8) in Jena, Germany.
2.2.3 Deviations from the project work program, and corrective actions taken
None
2.2.4 Recommendations from previous review
Deliverable D2.9 will be achieved by xxx.
2.2.5 List of deliverbles in WP2
Del.
No.
D2.9
Deliverable
name
Annual and seasonal
CO2 air/sea flux map
of the North Atlantic
Ocean for 2007
WP
no.
Date due
2
31/12/
2008
Actual/Forecast
delivery date
delayed to month 54,
???
Estimated
indicative
personmonths *)
0.5
Used
indicative
personmonths *)
NA
Lead
contractor
9
8
D2.13
D2.14
D2.15
D2.16
As D2.12. Part 2:
Consolidated
assessment (using
additional constraint
data, as well as
possibly other
atmospheric inversion
systems)
Session on the
Advances in the
Quantification of CO2
air/sea fluxes in the
Atlantic basin, its polar
extensions and its
coastal seas
Session on Simulating
the Variability of CO2
air-sea Fluxes
Report on major
achievements in WP2
2
31/12/
2009
?
2
NA
12a, 9
2
31/12/09
31/10/09; 5th annual
meeting
0.5
0.5
9
2
31/12/09
31/10/09 5th annual
meeting
0.5
0.5
6
2
30/09/09
15/10/09 in progress
2
2
9
2.2.6 List of milestones in WP2
Milestone
No.
M2.5
Milestone name
Consolidated assessment if and
how use of North Atlantic air-sea
CO2 flux estimates in atmospheric
inversions reduces the uncertainty
of northern hemisphere, extratropical, large-scale regional flux
estimates.
WP no.
2
Date due
31/12/2009
Actual/Forecast
delivery date
31/12/2009
Lead contractor
12a, 9
2.3 Work Package 3: “Long Term Assessment (overarching WP)”, Arne
Körtzinger
2.4 Work Package 4: “Atlantic observing system, VOS, time series”, Andrew
Watson, written by U. Schuster
-
2.5 Work Package 5: “Southern Ocean observations and processes”, Jacqueline
Boutin
2.5.1 Work package objectives
 To assess the air-sea CO2 flux and its space and time variability in specific sink regions of the
Atlantic and Indian sectors of the Southern Ocean.
 To understand processes responsible for the observed variability of the air-sea CO2 flux
 To provide inputs for estimating air-sea CO2 fluxes at regional and monthly time scales to
constrain atmospheric inverse modelling.
2.5.2 Progress towards objectives
Measurements:
A CARIOCA buoy deployed in April 2008 is still active. Surface water CO2 and deep carbon and
tracer data have been collected along the north-eastern boundary of the Weddell Gyre (ANDREX-
9
east) and on two sections across Drake Passage (WOCE repeat A21 and NOC repeat SR1B) in January
and February 2009. . OISO-17 cruise has been conducted in the South Indian Ocean in January and
February 2009. The online pCO2 measurements on FS Polarstern have continued, partly in the
Southern Ocean. Data from FICARAM XIII and XIV and OISO-16 have been sent to the CarboOcean
data base.
Interpretation of measurements and data synthesis:
Net community production has been derived for some parts of CARIOCA trajectories in the polar
zone (Boutin and Merlivat, 2009); this study is now being extended to regions north of Subantarctic
Front (SAF) (deliverable 5.10).
Carbon dioxide sources have been observed in regions of Subantarctic Mode Water formation close to
the Subantarctic Front and of Antarctic Intermediate Water formation in the eastern Pacific Ocean
from the pCO2 recorded by ships and CARIOCA buoys; the importance of these source regions with
respect to the CO2 sink in the SAZ has been underestimated by the previous pCO2 climatologies. In
order to deepen the correlation between pCO2 and ocean hydrological parameters, these pCO2 data
were combined with in situ (ARGO mixed layer depth) and remote sensing measurements (SST,
altimetric fronts). A new climatology of pCO2 was derived for the SAZ (Subantarctic Zone) of the
Pacific Ocean that indicates a weaker CO2 sink than previously estimated.
Surface water fCO2sw obtained over almost a decade in the frame of the FICARAM program registered
general annual features of the air-sea CO2 exchanges in the western South Atlantic Ocean: i) Most of
the Patagonian Sea behaved as an intense sink of CO2 during autumn and spring, in particular the
oceanic waters of the South Atlantic Convergence Zone were a strong CO2 sink (-5.4±3.6 mol m-2 yr1
); ii) The Antarctic waters in the Drake Passage were undersaturated in CO2 with respect to the
atmosphere during austral spring. They showed a clear southward decrease of fCO2, towards the
Continental Water Boundary. The oceanic waters of this region displayed an average uptake rate of 1.1±0.9 mol m-2 yr-1, as opposed to those on the distal shelf, which acted as a slight source of CO2 to
the atmosphere (0.1±0.3 mol m-2 yr-1) (Padin et al, Biogeosciences, 2009).
The interannual to decadal variability of sea surface fCO2 has been studied both with at-sea
observations and a coupled climate carbon model. Based on seasonal cruises conducted in 1991-2007
we found that the oceanic fCO2 increased at about the same rate as in the atmosphere (Metzl, 2009).
For the Southern Ocean sector, this analysis compares well with the results from Takahashi et al.
(2009) based on winter data for the period 1982-2006. These new results also confirm those deduced
from atmospheric inversions (LeQuéré et al., 2007, 2008), i.e. that the ocean CO2 sink is not
increasing in the Southern Ocean, as would have been expected by ocean models from the rapid
acceleration of fossil fuel emissions. This is likely related to the positive phase of the Southern
Annular Mode which is driven by greenhouse gas emissions and stratospheric ozone depletion (Lenton
et al., GRL, 2009).
Three WP5 members have contributed to the new global ocean pCO2 climatology by Takahashi et al.
(2009, DSR II 56: 554-577). This global database is available via CDIAC.
2.5.3 Deviations from the project work program, and corrective actions taken
None
2.5.4 Recommendations from previous review
In the review (appendix 2009 – Final on Core theme 1) one reviewer asked about the meaning of:
“qua(s)i reoccupations in the Atlantic and Indian sectors.” FICARAM program has repetitive sections
every year but the trajectory may change slightly from year to year depending on ship constraints.
During OISO campaigns some transects are systematically reoccupied but in addition, new regions
have been explored in order to increase the number of measurements in low sampled areas (east-west
transect towards Hobart in the Indian Ocean in 2006 and east-west transect in the Atlantic Ocean in
2007).
10
2.5.5 List of deliverables in WP5
Del.
No.
Deliverable name
5.10
Report on CARBOOCEAN
CARIOCA data
Report on major
achievements in WP5
5.11
WP
no.
Date
due
Actual/Forec
ast delivery
date
Estimated
indicative
personmonths *)
5
07/09
31/07/09
Used
indicative
personmonths *)
60
5
09/09
30/09/09
150
Lead
contrac
tor
7
7,3,5,9
2.5.6 List of milestones in WP5
Milestone
No.
5.6
Milestone name
WP no.
Date due
Lead contractor
30/06/09
Actual/Forecast
delivery date
30/06/09
Continuous real time
measurements of 2 CARIOCA
drifters in 2008 during four
seasons; ship measurements
during OISO, FICARAM, James
Clark Ross and POLARSTERN
cruises.
5
5.7
Improve understanding of
seasonal to decadal variability of
air-sea CO2 fluxes as deduced
from ship data and model
simulations
5
30/06/09
30/06/09
7,3,5,9
5.8
Prepare a report about data
synthesis in well sampled regions
with a focus on seasonal, decadal
to long term variability
5
30/09/09
30/09/09
7,3,5,9
7,3,5,9
2.6 Work Package 6: “Model-based flux assessment”, James Orr
-
2.7 Work Package 7: “Mooring development”, Richard Lampitt
Not active in 2009
2.8 Work Package 8: “Ocean interior data collection and documentation”, Doug
Wallace
2.9 Work Package 9: “Cant quantification and decadal changes in carbon
inventory”, Aida Rios, Fortunat Joos
2.9.1 Work package objectives
1) To establish optimal methods to assess anthropogenic CO2 (Cant) inventories and temporal change.
2) To apply these methods in combination with existing and new highest accuracy data in order to
quantify the inventory of anthropogenic CO2 in the Atlantic and Southern Oceans.
11
2.1.2 Progress towards objectives
D9.5 (A set of manuscripts focussing on regional CANT inventories and related topics prepared
for submission).
IFM-GEOMAR (partner 4) together with partners 1 and 32 have synthesized available transient tracer
measurements (e.g., CFCs and SF6) made during more than two decades to estimate the ventilation of
the Arctic Ocean, to infer deep-water pathways, and to estimate the Arctic Ocean inventory of Cant.
For these calculations, the transit time distribution (TTD) concept was used. The bottom water in the
Arctic Ocean has CFC values close to the detection limit, with somewhat higher values in the Eurasian
Basin. The ventilation time for the intermediate water column is shorter in the Eurasian Basin (~200
years) than in the Canadian Basin (~300 years). They calculate the Arctic Ocean Cant inventory range
to be 2.5 to 3.3 Pg-C, normalized to 2005, i.e., ~2% of the global ocean Cant inventory despite being
composed of only ~1% of the global ocean volume. In a similar fashion, they use the TTD field to
calculate the Arctic Ocean inventory of CFC-11 to be 26.2 ± 2.6 x 106 moles for year 1994, which is
~5% of the global ocean CFC-11 inventory. These results have been published in Tanhua et al., 2009.
University of Göteborg (partner 32) together with partners 1, 4 and 45 have evaluated CANT estimates
in the Arctic Ocean using four different methods, three commonly used in the literature and one
previously applied only to the Nordic Seas. The methods in question are; ΔC* method, the TrOCA
method, the transit time distribution (TTD) method and the CFC-nutrient method. The estimated
amount of anthropogenic carbon in the Arctic Ocean beneath 250 meters varies between 2.2 and 3.5
Gt C for the different methods, the former estimated with the TTD method and the latter with the ΔC*
method. A manuscript with these results will be submitted soon (Jutterström et al., in preparation).
UiB (partner 1) together with partner 32 have estimated the CANT using the TTD approach. To
constrain the shape of the TTDs in the Nordic Seas, CO2 is introduced as an age tracer and used in
combination with water ages determined from CFC-12 data. The CANT estimates determined using the
TTD approach were compared with CANT estimates from several other approaches. The distribution of
CANT along two sections in the Nordic Seas are presented, as well as inventory estimates for the whole
Nordic Seas and its sub-regions, the Greenland Sea, the Norwegian Sea, the Iceland Sea, and the
Denmark Strait. After an evaluation of the errors the Nordic Seas CANT inventory was determined to be
between 0.90 and 1.36 Gt C. A manuscript with these results is submitted to JGR Oceans (Olsen et al.,
submitted)
UBREM (partner 16a): The time series of the inventory of anthropogenic carbon in the subpolar North
Atlantic has been extended from the year 1997 to 2005. For the western part of the North Atlantic,
which includes the deep water mass formation region in the Labrador Sea, the changes of the volume
and the inventory of anthropogenic carbon for the different water masses have been analysed. For the
overflow waters, the inventory of anthropogenic carbon increased between 1997 and 2005 with the
same rate as it is expected from the atmospheric CO2 increase, indicating the ongoing ventilation of
these water masses. After 1995, the convective renewal of water masses in the Labrador Sea was
restricted to the lighter Upper Labrador Sea Water (ULSW), and no denser Labrador Sea Water
(LSW) has been formed. This is reflected both in the changes of volume and CANT content of these
water masses. Due to the absence of ventilation, LSW becomes older, so the concentration of
anthropogenic carbon lacks the expected temporal increase, and the loss of its inventory even exceeds
the loss of LSW volume. The change of anthropogenic carbon in the western North Atlantic over the
whole water column between 1997 and 2005 is only 3%, much less than the 14% that would be
expected from the atmospheric CO2 increase. This corresponds to a deficit in anthropogenic carbon of
about 0.2 ± 0.1 Pg C, similar to the changes between 1997 and 2003 described in Steinfeldt et al.
(2009).
CSIC (partner 5) has quantified the trends of anthropogenic CO2 storage in North Atlantic water
masses using a number of 16 cruises in the North Atlantic covering the Iberian, Iceland and Irminger
basins, with a high spatial resolution and spanning almost three decades. The Cant fraction stored in the
water masses was estimated, applying the CTº method. The obtained results indicate that the NACW
12
in the upper layers of the Iberian basin has the largest capacity to store Cant on a yearly basis
(0.870.04 mol kg-1 yr-1). This unmatched Cant storage capacity of the warm upper limb of the MOC
weakens towards the Irminger basin (0.680.06 mol kg-1 yr-1) due to the lowering of the buffering
capacity. On the contrary, the deep waters of the Iberian basin display the smallest storage rates
(0.060.06 mol kg-1 yr-1), corresponding to the lower North Atlantic Deep Water. The mid and deep
waters in the Irminger Sea show rather homogeneous Cant storage rates, between 0.35 and 0.45 mol
kg-1 yr-1. On the other hand, in the Iceland basin these layers seem to have been less affected by Cant,
and display average storage rates of 0.35 – 038 mol kg-1 yr-1. The Labrador Seawater shows an
eastward decrease on the storage rates, although not significantly enough. A manuscript with these
results is in preparation to be submitted soon (Perez et al, in preparation).
CSIC (partner 5) has evaluated the CANT storage in the Azores region investigating its relationship with
the main water masses present. CANT was calculated using the φCTº and TrOCA methods. Although the
two approaches have produced similar vertical distributions, results from the TrOCA method show
higher CANT variability and have produced higher inventories than the φCTº approach. The large
proportion of Mediterranean Water found in the northern part of the studied region is the main cause
for the observed increase northwards of CANT inventories. The rates of change of CANT inventories
between 1981 and 2004 were evaluated. According to the φCTº and TrOCA approaches the average
long-term rates of CANT inventory change are 1.32±0.11 mol C·m-2·y-1 and 1.18±0.16 mol C·m-2·y-1,
respectively. During the 1993-1998 period a significant increase in the CANT storage rate is detected by
the CTº method. It is thought that this stems directly from the enhanced Labrador Seawater formation
after the increased advection observed at the time. A manuscript has been submitted to Scientia
Marina (Pérez et al., submitted)
Figure 1: Averaged vertical profiles of CANT calculated with the TrOCA and ϕCTº methods (in
μmol·kg-1) for the cruises TTONAS (1981), OACES (1993), Azores I (1998) and METEOR-60/5
(2004).
Besides, CSIC has calculated the evolution of ocean acidification in the North Atlantic over the last 30
years from direct observations, how human-induced ocean pH has evolved since the 1980s in selected
water masses of the North Atlantic and what the expected pH will be in the near future under two CO2
emission pathways. The highest acidification rates are associated to Subarctic Intermediate Water
(SAIW; (-1.8±0.1)·10-3 yr-1) and to Subpolar Mode Water (SPMW; (-1.2±0.2)·10-3 yr-1), as expected.
Notably, its results show unprecedented rates of acidification for the Labrador Seawater (LSW; (15±1)·10-3 pH units per decade, on average). The corresponding future projections for LSW yield pH
drops of 0.45 since the pre-industrial era by the time atmospheric CO2 levels double the present-day
ones. Depending on the future CO2 emission scenarios, this may occur as soon as 2050’s or earlier.
13
Comparatively, model projections based on synthetic data had forecasted pH decreases of 0.2 for the
same time period. A manuscript is in preparation to be submitted (Vazquez-Rodriguez, to be
submitted)
UNIBE (partner 11) has quantified natural and anthropogenic carbon sources and sinks using their
Ensemble Kalman Filter Assimilation. A publication describing the most important results has been
submitted (M. Gerber and F. Joos. GBC, 2009.). Contemporary and preindustrial net air-sea CO2
fluxes are reconstructed by an Ensemble Kalman Filter assimilation of interior ocean observations.
Results are compared with published estimates in the light of data and model uncertainties. Four
different published reconstructions of anthropogenic carbon and the ∆Cgasex tracer are assimilated
into different versions of the Bern3D ocean model. The two tracers represent the components of
dissolved inorganic carbon due to the anthropogenic perturbation and due to the air-sea gas exchange
of natural CO2. Contemporary air-sea fluxes for broad latitudinal bands are consistent with those from
earlier ocean inversions and the observed air-sea CO2 partial pressure differences. Best agreement with
the pCO2-based contemporary fluxes is found for the TTD anthropogenic carbon reconstruction. We
infer modest meridional transport rates of up to 0.5 GtC yr-1 for the preindustrial and the contemporary
ocean and a small carbon transport across the equator. The anthropogenic perturbation offsets the
preindustrial net sea-to-air flux yielding a weak contemporary carbon sink in the Southern Ocean
(south of 44oS) of 0.15 0.25 GtC yr-1. Preindustrial Southern Ocean outgassing varies by almost a
factor of two among the four ∆Cgasex reconstructions. Large differences in regional fluxes are found
between an earlier ocean inversion using Green’s function and this study for the same model and input
data. Systematic differences in assimilated and optimized ∆Cgasex fields are large in both inversions
and the contemporary, anthropogenic, and preindustrial air-sea CO2 flux in the high and mid-latitude
Southern Hemisphere remain uncertain.
Figure 2: Comparision of contemporary air-sea fluxes of CO2 in GtC yr-1. A positive sign is a flux in
the ocean, a negative sign shows outgassing.
D9.6 (Re-evaluation of Cant inventory in the Atlantic Ocean using CARINA database)
During the 4th annual Carboocean meeting in Dourdan, the WP9 members proposed new deliverables.
The deliverable 9.6 “Cant intercomparison on different basins using different methods and selected
14
sections of GLODAP” was suggested to apply the different Cant methods on different basins using
GLODAP database. Taking into account that only the CSIC-Vigo group was prepared to work on this
issue, and considering that the high quality CARINA database was recently closed, the title of this 9.6
deliverable was changed with the purpose to re-evaluate the Cant inventory using the final CARINA
database.
CSIC (partner 5) has developed of a multiparametric interpolation method for gridding CARINA
database (http://store.pangaea.de/Projects/CARBOOCEAN/carina/index.htm) along Atlantic Ocean.
Potential temperature, salinity, conservative ‘NO’ and ‘PO’ were used as conservative helper
parameters for the interpolating. World Ocean Atlas (WOA05) was chosen as reference for both grid
pattern and for the indicated parameters. Thus, this work has tried to complement CARINA with
WOA05 database by means of try to get better gridded values by keeping physical-biogeochemical
structures. A comparison between the proposed method and a pure spatial one has also been done, in
order to check the improvements achieved. Finally, a calculation of CANT inventories for the Atlantic
Ocean with the two interpolations methods (purely spatial and with water mass properties) and for the
two approximations (TrOCA and φ-CTº) has been done. Thus, the inventories for the whole Atlantic
Ocean for 1994 were between 55.1-55.2 PgC with the φ-CTº approximation and between 57.9-57.6
PgC with the TrOCA method. The CANT inventories took a very similar total value with both
interpolation methods because the differences at regional level became compensated when the spatial
interpolation is used, namely in the Southern Ocean. In conclusion, the differences between
interpolation methods transcend to the realm of CANT estimation above and below 5ºC isopleth. The
spatial method tends to produce lower (higher) CANT values in the water below (above) the isotherm of
5ºC, when compared with the multiparametric interpolation method. A publication with these results
is in revision in Scientia Marina (Velo et al., 2009)
UBREM (partner 16a) has calculated the inventory of CANT in the Atlantic for the years 1997 and 2003
by means of the TTD method. This technique is based on CFC data mainly included into the CARINA
dataset (Key et al., 2009). The total inventory of anthropogenic carbon in the Atlantic south of 65°N
increased from 51 ± 15 in 1997 up to 57 ± 16 Pg C in 2003. This finding is in agreement with the
expected increase of CANT due to the rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations. The differences to the
inventory calculated by Waugh et al. (2006) for 1994 based on the older GLODAP data are also small.
The column inventory of CANT underlines the importance of the formation and transport of North
Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) for the storage of CANT in the Atlantic. NADW provides a unique fast
track for transporting CANT into the ocean's interior. High column inventories are found along the
NADW pathway within the Deep western boundary current, and especially in the Labrador Sea, where
the upper NADW is formed. Although the overall inventory change between 1997 and 2003 agrees
with the increase expected from the rising atmospheric CO2, the changes of the column inventories are
regionally different. The largest increase is found in the subtropical Atlantic due to the arrival of LSW
formed between 1988 and 1994 (Steinfeldt et al., 2007), which is rich in CANT. The smallest increase is
observed in the western North Atlantic and can be linked to variability in NADW formation.
D9.7 (Report on major achievements in WP9)
A report containing the most important achievements in the WP9 is in preparation to be submitted the
30 September.
2.9.3 Deviations from the project work program, and corrective actions taken
The work of WP9 followed the plan undertaken. There was a deviation in one of the deliverable (9.6)
and the title has been changed due to the fact that only the CSIC-Vigo group was ready to work on the
issue proposed during the Dourdan WP9 meeting as was explained above.
2.9.4 Recommendations from previous review
2.9.5 List of deliverables in WP9
15
Del.
No.
Deliverable name
D9.5
A set of manuscripts
focussing on regional
CANT inventories and
related topics prepared
for submission
Cant intercomparison on
different basins using
different methods and
selected sections of
GLODAP
Report on major
achievements in WP9
D9.6
D9.7
WP
no.
Date due
Actual/Foreca
st delivery
date
Estimated
indicative
personmonths *)
Used
indicative
personmonths *)
Lead
contra
ctor
9
30/09/09
30/09/09
5, 11
9
31/03/09
30/09/09
5, 11
9
30/09/09
30/09/09
5, 11
2.9.6 List of milestones in WP9
Milestone
No.
M9.6
Milestone name
International Meeting to present
the work in either AGU Ocean
Sciences or International CO2
conference in Jena
WP no.
Date due
9
14-18/09/2009
Actual/Forecast
delivery date
14-18/09/2009
Lead
contractor
5, 11
2.10 Work Package 10: “Oxygen and carbon profiling floats”, Arne Körtzinger
-
2.11 Work Package 11 “Model performance assessment and initial fields for scenarios”
(leader: Christoph Heinze)
2.11.1 Work package objectives
Also during the final project year, the following objectives were followed up by work package 11:
To determine, how well biogeochemical ocean general circulation models (BOGCMs) are able to
reproduce carbon cycle observations from the real world with respect to temporal and spatial
distributions.
To refine criteria for model performance with respect to observations and other model
To establish a quality check for the initial conditions for future scenarios with BOGCMs (BOGCM =
biogeochemical ocean general circulation model)
2.11.2 Progress towards objectives
THIS WILL BE PRESENTED DURING THE FINAL MEETING, UPDATE WILL COME THEREAFTER
D11.10 Atmospheric pCO2 comparison model/observations for the different coupled carbon cycle climate
models (month 57) (lead: Laurent Bopp, partner 6)
THE RESULTS WILL BE PRESENTED DURING THE SOLAS OPEN SCIENCE CONFERENCE IN
BARCELONA
D11.11 Significant trends in regional surface ocean pCO2 (mid90s vs. mid2000s) as derived from obs and
coupled models (month 57) (co-lead: Andrew Lenton, partner 6 and Christoph Heinze, partner 1)
Authors and title of contribution:
16
Lenton, A.A., T. M. Roy, N. Metzl, L. Bopp, T. Takahashi, T. Froelicher, C. Heinze, F. Joos, J. Segschneider,
and J. Tjiputra, “Using observed surface ocean trends carbon to assess the performance of Coupled ClimateCarbon Cycle Models”.
D11.12 Exploitation of CarboOcean data base for IPCC and EPOCA in preparatory data management phase
(hand over of data set to next generation of projects). (lead: Laurent Bopp, partner 6)
WE HAVE TO DISCUSS ON THE FINAL MEETING HOW AND TO WHICH DEGREE THE MODEL
DATA BASE BUILT UP UNDER CARBOOCEAN CAN BE MADE AVAILABLE TO OTHER PROJECTS.
THIS INCLUDES THE CLARIFICATION OF (A) TECHNICAL AND (B) IPR ISSUES.
D11.13 Report on major achievements in WP11
This is this report, which needs updating in November.
2.11.3 Deviations from the project work program, and corrective actions taken
There are no deviations to report.
2.11.4 Recommendations from previous review
There were no specific recommendations from the previous review (which provided a very positive
feedback to the work of WP11; this is greatfully acknowledged).
2.11.5 List of deliverables in WP11
UPDATE IN NOVEMBER
Del.
No.
Deliverable name
WP
no.
Date
due
D11.
10
Atmospheric pCO2
comparison
model/observations for the
different coupled carbon
cycle climate models
11
Month
57
D11.
11
Significant trends in
regional surface ocean
pCO2 (mid90s vs.
mid2000s) as derived from
obs and coupled models
11
D11.
12
Exploitation of
CarboOcean data base for
IPCC and EPOCA in
preparatory data
management phase (hand
over of data set to next
generation of projects).
D11.13 Report on major
achievements in WP11
Actual/Forec
ast delivery
date
Month 57
Estimated
indicative
personmonths *)
xx
Used
indicative
personmonths *)
yy
Month
57
Month 57
xx
yy
11
End of
project
End of project
11
End of
project
End of project
Lead
contrac
tor
6
(CEA)
Co-lead
partners
6
(CEA)
and 1
(UiB)
6
(CEA)
xx
yy
1 (UiB)
2.11.6 List of milestones in WP11
UPDATE IN NOVEMBER
Milestone
No.
Milestone name
WP no.
Date due
Actual/Forecast
delivery date
Lead contractor
17
M11.7
Ability of BOGCMs to simulate
decadal surface ocean pCO2 trend
is assessed (month 57)
11
Month
57
Month 57
6 (CEA)
M11.8
Model data archive ready for
exploitation by furhter projects
and activities (month 60)
11
Month
60
Month 60
1 (UiB)
2.12 WP 12: Regional assessment for the North Sea (leader: Helmuth Thomas)
2.12.1 Work package objectives
Establishing understanding and a quantitative estimate of North Sea carbon fluxes, using field data and
simulations
2.12.2 Progress towards objectives
3.Established, ongoing time series have been continued during the reporting period.
4.The role of benthic respiration of organic matter in controlling CO2 air-sea fluxes has been
assessed. The corresponding release of alkalinity can be responsible for up 25% of the CO2 uptake
in the North Sea.
5.Modelling studies have successfully been carried out to assess the role of
eutrophication/oligotrophication in controlling CO2 air sea fluxes during the past decades in the
southern North Sea. This is of prime relevance as genuine task, and furthermore consitutes the
foundation for future studies on ocean acidification.
6.An evaluation and discussion on CO2 fluxes in coastal ocean at the global scale has been
provided.
7.Parallel lines of research reveal ambiguous CO2 fluxes between from tidal mud flats
Relying on three basin-wide North Sea cruises (2001, 2005 and 2008) we have begun to unravel
terrestrial vs. North Atlantic influences of the CO2 air-sea flux in the North Sea. VOS line
observations have been employed to recognize and understand interannual CO2 flux variability.
2.12.3 Deviations from the project work program, and corrective actions taken
No major deviations have been reported.
2.12.4 Recommendations from previous review
A better integration between the land and ocean communities has been suggested. This point has been
met to some degree by work on the temporal variability of CO2 fluxes as controlled by eutrophication,
or as controlled at the basin-wide scale by both riverine and terrestrial processes. Manuscripts are
either under review or close to submission in the framework of one PhD thesis.
2.12.5 List of deliverables in WP12
Del.
No.
Deliverable name
WP
no.
Date
due
12.36
Compilation of VOS/nonVOS pCO2 data from
English Channel, G.o.
Biscay
12
60
12.37
Report on seasonal
variability of Alkalinity in
the North Sea
12
52
Actual/Forec
ast delivery
date
16/09/2009
Estimated
indicative
personmonths *)
4
Used
indicative
personmonths *)
4
Lead
contrac
tor
10
8
18
12.38
Session at EGU in Vienna
2009
12
56
8/10
12.39
Reassessment of temporal
CO2 variability in the
North Sea
12
60
10
12.40
Report on Spatiotemporal
variations of fCO2 in the
North Sea
12
54
1
12.41
fCO2 and related data from
VOS line Norway-UK-The
Netherlands
12
54
1
2.13 Work Package 13 “Regional assessment for the West- Mediterranean” (I. Emma
Huertas, Catherine Goyet)
2.13.1 Work package objectives
1) To create the data sets, measurement systems, and model set-ups as prerequisite for a quantitative
estimate of Mediterranean carbon fluxes and Mediterranean/Atlantic carbon exchanges.
2) To assess the concentration of anthropogenic CO2 in the West Mediterranean.
2.13.2 Progress towards objectives
The work has been conducted as intended within the allotted time.
 Regular sampling at the French JGOFS time series station DYFAMED has been maintained
and sampling continues for an indeterminate duration. As a result of this monitoring the distribution of
anthropogenic CO2 at DYFAMED has been estimated and a paper has been published. The temporal
evolution of the carbonate system properties and others related at the DYFAMED site is
shown below. a) salinity and  (isolines); b) potential temperature (); c) total dissolved
inorganic carbon (CT); d) total alkalinity (AT); e) dissolved oxygen (O2); and f) anthropogenic
CO2 (CANT).
19
Touratier and Goyet (2009)
 During 2009, sampling of the GIFT time series established in the Strait of Gibraltar has been
maintained and the site was visited three times on board the RV Sarmiento de Gamboa, in April (2224), June (28-30) and September (23-25) and one more cruise is scheduled for November. The
extensive monitoring program performed in the area has allowed the estimation of the exchange of
anthropogenic and total CO2 that occurs between the Mediterranean basin and the North Atlantic
through the Strait of Gibraltar. Data gathered during the development of nine cruises conducted over a
period of two years in conjunction with continuous measurements of the transport of the
Mediterranean outflowing water (MOW) through the Strait of Gibraltar was used for the assessment
and the results obtained have been published. Fluxes of the carbon system parameters through the
Strait are indicated in the following table:
Water Mass
Signature
NASW
MOW
NASW
MOW
Density
Q
(kgm-310-3)
(Sv)
1.027
0.89
1.030
-0.85
1.027
0.85
1.030
-0.81
FN
(kmols-1)
Uncertainty
(kmols-1)
AT
(molkg-1)
2380
2547
2403
2578
CT
(molkg-1)
2116
2296
2141
2331
CaCO3diss
(molkg-1)
2
17
5
21
Cbio
(molkg-1)
2
42
8
50
CANT(C*)
(molkg-1)
60
51
61
52
DOC
(molkg-1)
59
45
59
46
-44
-67
-13
-35
11
14
1.5
1.6
0.3
0.4
1
1
Huertas et al. (2009)
By applying a two-layer model of water mass exchange through the Strait of Gibraltar and using a
value of −0.85 Sv for the average transport of the MOW recorded in situ during the considered period,
a net export of inorganic carbon equivalent to 25±0.6 Tg C yr−1 from the Mediterranean Sea to the
Atlantic Ocean was obtained and a net alkalinity output of 16±0.6 Tg C yr−1 was also estimated. In
contrast, the Atlantic water was found to contain a higher concentration of anthropogenic carbon than
20
the Mediterranean water, resulting in an annual flux of 4.20±0.04 Tg CANT towards the Mediterranean
basin by using the C* method, which constituted the most adequate approach for this environment.
 Two new deliverables were proposed by year fifth: D13.18. “Assessment of annual air-sea
CO2 exchange in the Strait of Gibraltar.”, which is being currently performed, being due to month 60
and D13.19. “Report on major achievements in WP13” that has been already accomplished.
2.13.3 Deviations from the project work program, and corrective actions taken
No deviations
2.13.4 Recommendations from previous review
In the previous review, recommendations regarding WP13 dealt mainly with the apparent level of
information given in the annual report, particularly in terms of the lack of details on cruises and data
on the Western Mediterranean. Such results are presented in the current report and more precise
information on campaigns can be seen in Touratier and Goyet (2009): Decadal evolution of
anthropogenic CO2 in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea from the mid-1990s to the mid-2000s.
Deep-Sea Research I, 56: 1708-1716.
2.13.5 List of deliverables in WP13
Del.
No.
Deliverable name
WP
no.
Date due
Actual/For
ecast
delivery
date
01-06-06
Estimated
indicative
personmonths *)
Used
indicative
personmonths *)
Lead
contractor
D13.2
Data base for carbon
budgeting of the W.
Mediterranean
13
30-06-06
Catherine
Goyet
D13.4
Preliminary data set on
Mediterranean/Atlantic
carbon exchange
13
30-06-06
30-06-06/
17-07-06
Javier Ruiz
D13.5
Continued data set for the
sampling at DYFAMED
time series station
13
30-06-06
30-06-06
Catherine
Goyet
D13.6
Preliminary data set for
- Gulf of Lions, Rhone
delta - - Alger sampling
13
30-06-06
- 30-06-06
Catherine
Goyet
D13.7
First estimate of Cant in
the W. Mediterranean
including summary
report
13
30-06-06
30-06-06
Catherine
Goyet
D13.8
First results of the GHER
model on quantification
of Mediterranean carbon
cycle
13
30-06-06
30-06-06
Catherine
Goyet
D13.9
Meeting on data quality
assessment and guidance
of forthcoming studies
13
30-06-06
30-06-06/
03-07-2006
Javier Ruiz
D13.10
Estimation of light
penetration to benthos
permitting benthic
primary production
13
30-06-07
19-02-2007
Jean-Pierre
Gattuso
- 30-09-06
21
D13.11
Data sets from 3 cruises
and VOS line using
Research Vessels passing
through the Strait of
Gibraltar
13
30-06-07
01-06-2007
I. Emma
Huertas
D13.12
Fluxes (2001-2006) of
anthropogenic carbon
through the strait of
Gibraltar
13
30-06-07
22-06-07
Catherine
Goyet
D13.13
Air Sea CO2 fluxes in
the Mediterranean
13
30-06-07
22-06-07
Catherine
Goyet
D13.14
Continued data set from
the DYFAMED station
13
30-06-07
22-06-07
Catherine
Goyet
D13.15
Results from 3-D model
of estimation of
anthropogenic carbon
within the Med.
13
30-06-07
22-06-07
Catherine
Goyet
D13.16
Report on inorganic
carbon exchange through
the Strait of Gibraltar
13
31-12-08
03-12-08
I. Emma
Huertas
D13.17
Time evolution of
anthropogenic CO2 in
the north Western
Mediterranean Sea
13
31-12-08
28-11-08
Catherine
Goyet
D13.18
Assessment of annual
air-sea CO2 exchange in
the Strait of
Gibraltar.
Report on major
achievements in WP13
13
30-11-09
13
30-09-09
D13.19
I. Emma
Huertas
25-09-09
I. Emma
Huertas
2.13.6 List of milestones in WP13
Milestone
No.
M13.2
Milestone name
WP no.
Date due
Preliminary data sets and models
on assessment of Mediterranean
contribution to CO2 sink are
available for further refinement
13
30-06-06
Actual/Forecast
delivery date
30-06-06
Lead contractor
Catherine Goyet
2.14 Work Package 14 “European Integration”, Martin Heimann / Harro Meijer
-
2.15 Work Package 15: “Physical-chemical feedbacks at high latitudes”, Leif G.
Anderson
-
2.16 Work Package 16: “Biological feedbacks”, Marion Gehlen
-
2.17 Work Package 17: “Coupled carbon clycle simulations”, Laurent Bopp
22
-
2.18 Work Package 18: “Feasibility study on purposeful carbon storage”, Gregor
Rehder
-
2.19 Work Package 19 (Benjamin Pfeil)
2.19.1 Work package objectives
Provide a continuous data management: IFREMER (real time data), WDC-MARE (other).
Provide a continuous information management (information, communication, www, publication,
support of dissemination, etc.).
2.19.2 Progress towards objectives
In January 2009 was the CARBOOCEAN data management invited to a COST 735 to present
presented the CARBOOCEAN surface database and SOCAT to CARBOOCEAN scientist and other
scientists working in the field of coastal ocean.
In March 2009 was the CARBOOCEAN data management invited to a SOCAT regional group
meeting at Tsukuba, Japan to talk about the quality controlling issues and presenting the SOCAT
database. In addition did the data management met with CDIAC, SSC.
Partner 16-B was visited in April at Bremen to talk about further improvements of the database
structure as well as data portal technology.
In May did the data management join an ICOS (Integrated Carbon Observation System) and the
annual COCOS (Coordination Action Carbon Observing System) meeting both held in Paris.
In June met the Atlantic Ocean regional group at Norwich (UK) and the data management was invited
to talk about improvement within SOCAT and the CARBOOCEAN database.
During the International Carbon Dioxide Conference being held in Jena, Germany was SOCAT and
the underway data collection presented to the international CO2 community during a poster
presentation.
2.19.3 Deviations from the project work program, and corrective actions taken
All milestones and deliverables have been achieved in time.
2.19.4 Recommendations from previous review
None
2.19.5 List of deliverables in WP 19
Del.
No.
Deliverable name
D19.10
All CARBOOCEAN
data that was delivered to
the data management by
month 56 will be
archived
W
P
no.
Date due
58
Actual/Forec
ast delivery
date
58
Estimated
indicative
personmonths *)
Used
indicative
personmonths *)
Lead
contrac
tor
UiB
23
D19.11
Report on major
achievements in WP19
56
56
UiB
2.20 Work Package 20: “Management of the project”, Christoph Heinze
-
2.21 Work Package 21: “Training”, Janusz Pempkoviak
-
2.22 Work Package 22: “Dissemination, exploitation and management of
knowledge“, Andrea Volbers
-
2.23 Work Package 23: “Review and assessment of progress and results”,
Christoph Heinze
-
24
Section 3 – Consortium management
WP 1: Christoph Heinze, University of Bergen (UiB)
WP 2: Dorothee Bakker, University of East Anglia (UEA)
3.1 Consortium management tasks and their achievement
Communication between WP2 team members is mainly done via email, during the annual
CARBOOCEAN meeting, and at international conferences, notably ICDC8.
3.2 Comments regarding contributions, changes in responsibilities and changes to the consortium itself
None
3.3 Co-ordination activities in reporting period
 No formal activities.
 CARBOOCEAN scientists are active on international committees and efforts, such as the
Scientific Steering Group of the International Ocean Carbon Coordination Project (SSG of
IOCCP), the SOLAS-IMBER Carbon Group on Surface Ocean Systems, the Surface Ocean CO2
Atlas (SOCAT), the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR), the Global Carbon
Project (GCP) and SCOR Working Group 131.
WP 3: Arne Körtzinger, IFM-GEOMAR
-
WP4: Andrew Watson, UEA
-
WP 5. Jacqueline Boutin, UPMC:
Consortium management tasks and their achievement:
Communication between WP5 team members is mainly done via email exchanges, during
CARBOOCEAN meetings and at international conferences (8th international CO2 conference).
Co-ordination activities in reporting period:
- Participation of three WP5 members in the regional SOCAT (Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas) workshop
(UEA, 25 and 26 June 2009). The Southern Ocean group discussed secondary QC of SO fCO2 data in
SOCAT. All WP5 members are involved in the Southern Ocean fCO2 synthesis group.
-Production of one CARBOOCEAN deliverable report on WP5 activities, involving all WP5
participants.
-Co-operation with the English NCIO and CARBON-OPS programs
-Co-operation with French programs: Flamenco2 CYBER and the OISO Observatory
-Co-operation with Royal NIOZ and IfM-Geomar, Kiel on pCO2 on FS Polarstern
-Co-operation with CSIRO marine and atmospheric research
WP 6: James Orr, LSCE
WP 7. Richard Lampitt, Southampton Oceanography Centre (NERC-SOC)
On the steering committee meeting at the 2nd annual CARBOOCEAN meeting it was decided, that
due to budget constraints, CARBOOCEAN cannot presently fund any further work on this
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workpackage. This is a situation which arose due to the budget cut of our originally anticipated budget
for the project, and the fact, that no funds could be freed out of other workpackages. Should we be
able to free funds out of CARBOOCEAN at a later stage, we would try to re-open this activity. In the
meantime we will keep the workpackage on stand-by.
WP 8: Douglas Wallace, IFM-GEOMAR:
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WP 9: Aida Ríos, CSIC (co-lead F. Joos)
Consortium management tasks and their achievement:
The communication between WP9 members is generally done through email exchanges.
Comments regarding contributions, changes in responsibilities and changes to the consortium itself:
None
Co-ordination activities in reporting period:
-Participation of WP9 members in the 8th International Carbon Dioxide Conference, Jena, Germany,
13-19 September 2009
-Production of the CarboOcean deliverables 9.5, 9.6 and 9.7 involving WP9 participants.
-Co-operation with French OVIDE program.
-Co-operation with Princeton University in a JGR Oceans publication, including the altimetry to
reduce uncertainty in separating natural and anthropogenic DIC signals.
WP 10: Arne Körtzinger/IFM-GEOMAR:
WP 11: Christoph Heinze, UiB
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WP 12: Helmuth Thomas, NIOZ
Consortium management tasks and their achievement:
Regular phone and email contacts have been used to manage the work in WP12. Based on the good
experiences from the past three years, the management has been smooth and without major issues.
Comments regarding contributions, changes in responsibilities and changes to the consortium itself:
The consortium has been increasingly active in bringing young scientists in responsible function
within WP12. This for example is evident from various deliverables, which have been led responsibly
by younger scientists. We have had only good experience with this move; it does increase motivation
and reduces communicative misunderstandings.
Co-ordination activities in reporting period:
Next to phone and email communications a WP12 meeting has been held during the annual meeting in
Dourdan. Moreover, almost all groups were present and the 2009 EGU meeting, during which
management and coordination issues have been addressed.
WP 13. I. Emma Huertas, CSIC (co-lead C. Goyet)
Consortium management tasks and their achievement:
Communication between WP13 team members is mainly done via email, during meetings of
workpackages, the annual CARBOOCEAN meeting and at international conferences.
26
Comments regarding contributions, changes in responsibilities and changes to the consortium itself:
In order to share the administrative loads throughout the CARBOOCEAN period, I. Emma Huertas of
the CSIC (partner 5) has been sharing the lead of WP13 with Catherine Goyet (partner 22) since
January 2007.
Co-ordination activities in reporting period:
 Participation of WP13 in the CARBOOCEAN final meeting celebrated in Bergen (Norway) in
September 2009.
 The Bilateral Cooperation between Morocco and Spain that was officially established and
funded by a joint agreement between the CNRS and CSIC for a two years period (2006- 2007)
in order to facilitate the studies in the Strait of Gibraltar is extended until the end of 2009 due
to the renovation of the agreement that has been endorsed by both institutions. Ahmed
Makaoui from partner 24 and the team from partner 5 will participate in the cruise that will
take place in November 2009 on board the RV Sarmiento de Gamboa in which the GIFT
section will be sampled.
 Cooperation between members of WP13 and WP9 has taken place in order to analyze the data
acquired in the Strait of Gibraltar. In fact, I. Emma Huertas visited the IIM-CSIC (Vigo,
Spain) in April 2009 to discuss results, which was followed by a visit of Aida F. Ríos (leader
of WP9) to the ICMAN-CSIC (Cádiz, Spain) in June 2009.
 Cooperation of the members of WP13 with the European Program SESAME.
 Cooperation between the members of WP2, WP12 and WP13 with the aim at providing data
of surface water CO2 available for the Mediterranean to SOCAT (Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas).
WP 14: H.A.J. Meijer, Centre for Isotope Research, Groningen University
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WP 15: Leif G. Andersen, UGOT:
-
WP 16: Marion Gehlen, LSCE/DSM/CEA
-
WP 17: Laurent Bopp, LSCE
-
WP 18: Gregor Rehder, IFM-GEOMAR
-
WP 19: Benjamin Pfeil, UiB (co-lead M. Diepenbroek)
Consortium management tasks and their achievement:
All deliverables and milestones have been achieved in time.
Co-ordination activities in reporting period:
3/2009 Meeting CDIAC and partner 1
4/2009 Meeting partner 16 and partner 1
6/2009 Meeting CDIAC and partner 1
9/2009 Meeting CDIAC and partner 1
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WP 20: Christoph Heinze, UiB
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WP 21: Janusz Pempkowiak, IOPAS
WP 22: Andrea Volbers, UiB
WP 23: Christoph Heinze, UiB
-