Lichen checklsit (mgmt plan sect.)
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2.C. Biological Features 2.C.2. Lichens An intensive lichen survey was conducted throughout Turnipseed in 2009-2010, cataloging over 150 species. Lichens were found in all habitats except for open water and fallow fields. In forested and rocky habitats lichens were found growing on many kinds of substrate, including rock, soil, wood and bark of many trees and shrubs. Corticolous (bark-inhabiting) lichens were found throughout the forest profile, from exposed roots on the forest floor up along stems and trunks in the understory and into the canopy as represented by fallen branches and twigs. Some lichens were even found growing over mosses and other lichens on these substrates. Distinct lichen communities could be discerned on the forest floor, understory and canopy layers, plus rocky habitats of shaded, partly-shaded and exposed outcrops, the latter including wetland overlooks along Gin Branch and flatrocks near Turnipseed Rd. The most distinct communities were on granitic flatrocks, which were dominated by several cladonia species. Several (55) new county records were discovered as well as some (13) state records and a few (7) seemingly undescribed species new to science. The lattermost need further study to determine their taxonomic status. Since lichens are known to be sensitive to air pollution, they can be used as indicators of environmental quality. As part of the lichen survey, an evaluation was made by tallying the number of known pollution-sensitive and pollution-tolerant species and their relative locations at Turnipseed. Overall, eight pollution-tolerant and seven pollution-sensitive species were found. Pollution-tolerant lichens, which were found dominating urban trees in Raleigh, were largely found in exposed areas of forest edges and the canopy as well as on partly-exposed rock. Pollution-sensitive lichens, which were absent from urban trees, were found growing in shaded forest interiors, some near water. Therefore, Turnipseed can be considered fairly healthy in terms of its air quality, compromised by the surrounding air pollution from nearby roads and human communities. A checklist is presented as an appendix; a more detailed report is being prepared for publication in the scientific literature. Appendix: Lichen Checklist Preliminary checklist of lichens and their ecology from Turnipseed Unit #1. Incompletely determined taxa may represent undescribed species and need further study. (S) = pollutionsensitive, (T) = pollution-tolerant. Taxa in red need verification / determination by outside experts. Species Acarospora dispersa Acarospora sp. “j” Amandinea millaria Amandinea punctata Anaptychia palmulata Anisomeridium polypori Anisomeridium subprostans Arthonia albovirescens Arthonia anglica Arthonia caesia Arthonia quintaria Arthonia sp. 1 Bacidia schweinitzii Bathlium carolinianum Buellia curtisii Buellia maculata Buellia spuria Buellia stillingiana Byssoloma leucoblepharum Caloplaca camptidia Caloplaca subsoluta Candelaria concolor (T) Candelariella cf. xanthostigmoides Canoparmelia caroliniana Chrysothrix xanthina Cladonia apodocarpa Cladonia arbuscula Cladonia caespiticia Cladonia caroliniana Cladonia chlorophaea s. lat. Cladonia didyma v. didyma Cladonia didyma v. vulcanica Cladonia grayi Cladonia leporina Cladonia macilenta v. macilenta Cladonia macilenta v. bacillaris Habit Crustose Crustose Crustose Crustose Foliose Crustose Crustose Crustose Crustose Crustose Crustose Crustose Crustose Crustose Crustose Crustose Crustose Crustose Crustose Crustose Crustose Foliose Crustose Foliose Crustose Squamulose Fruticose Squamulose Fruticose Fruticose Fruticose Fruticose Fruticose Fruticose Fruticose Fruticose Substrate Rock Rock Bark Pine cone Rock Bark Bark Bark Bark Bark Bark Bark Bark Bark Bark Rock Rock Bark Bark Bark Rock Bark Bark Bark, Rock, Wood Bark Soil Duff Rock Rock Bark, Rock, Soil Wood Wood Wood Duff Soil Wood Habitat Granitic Flatrock Granitic Flatrock Understory Canopy Forest near wetland Understory Forest edge Understory Understory Forest edge Canopy Understory Understory Understory Understory, Edge Bluff outcrop Outcrops Understory, Canopy Understory Understory Rock ledge Exposed areas Exposed areas Floor, Understory Understory Forest floor Granitic Flatrock Forested outcrops Granitic Flatrock Outcrops Forest floor Granitic Flatrock Granitic Flatrock Granitic Flatrock Granitic Flatrock Forest floor Cladonia ochrochlora Cladonia parasitica Cladonia petrophila Cladonia peziziformis Cladonia pleurota Cladonia ramulosa Cladonia rangiferina Cladonia ravenelii Cladonia robbinsii Cladonia sobolescens Cladonia strepsilis Cladonia subtenuis Cladonia symphycarpia Coccocarpia palmicola (S) Coenogonium pineti Collema furfuraceum (S) Dermatocarpon luridum var. xerophyllum Diploschistes scruposus Endocarpon petrolepideum Endocarpon sp. Euopsis sp. Flavoparmelia baltimorensis (T) Flavoparmelia caperata (T) Glyphis cicatricosa Graphis lineola Graphis scripta Graphis striatula Gyalediopsis buckii Heterodermia albicans Heterodermia obscurata Heterodermia speciosa Hypotrachyna livida Ionaspis alba Lecanora hybocarpa Lecanora strobilina Lecanora subimmergens Lecanora subpallens Lecanora sp. Leimonis erratica Leiorreuma explicans Lepraria caesiella Lepraria lobificans Lepraria normandinoides Fruticose Fruticose Squamulose Fruticose Fruticose Fruticose Fruticose Fruticose Squamulose Fruticose Fruticose Fruticose Fruticose Foliose Crustose Foliose Squamulose Crustose Squamulose Foliose Crustose Foliose Foliose Crustose Crustose Crustose Crustose Crustose Foliose Foliose Foliose Foliose Crustose Crustose Crustose Crustose Crustose Crustose Crustose Crustose Crustose Crustose Crustose Soil, Wood Wood Rock Soil Soil Rock Duff Bark Duff Duff Duff Duff Soil Bark, Rock Pine bark Moss, Bark, Rock Soil, Rock Rock Rock Rock Rock Rock Bark Bark Bark Bark Bark Bark Rock Bark Bark Bark Rock Bark Bark Rock Bark Wood Rock Bark Rock Bark, Rock, Moss Rock Forest floor Granitic Flatrock Forested outcrops Forest edge Granitic Flatrock Forested outcrop Granitic Flatrock Granitic Flatrock Granitic Flatrock Granitic Flatrock Granitic Flatrock Granitic Flatrock Granitic Flatrock Forest floor Understory Rocky bluff Granitic Flatrock Exposed outcrop Wetland overlook Exposed outcrop Granitic Flatrock Outcrops Forests Forest near wetland Understory Understory Understory Canopy Forest near wetland Understory Understory Canopy Forested outcrop Understory, Canopy Canopy Forested outcrop Canopy Forest floor Granitic Flatrock Understory, Edge Forested outcrop Forest floor Forested outcrop Lepraria cf. xanthonica Leptogium austroamericanum (S) Leptogium cyanescens Lichenostigma cosmopolites Lichenothelia sp. 1 Lichenothelia sp. 2 Loxospora pustulata Maronea polyphaea Melaspilea sp. 1 Melaspilea sp. 2 Melaspilea sp. 3 Micarea peliocarpa Mycoporum californicum Mycoporum compositum Mycoporum sparsellum Myelochroa aurulenta Myelochroa galbina Myelochroa obsessa Nadvornikia sorediata Nephroma helveticum (S) Ochrolechia africana Opegrapha vulgata Parmelinopsis horrescens Parmelinopsis minarum Parmeliopsis subambigua Parmotrema hypoleucinum Parmotrema hypotropum Parmotrema perforatum Parmotrema reticulatum Parmotrema subisidiosum Parmotrema submarginale Parmotrema ultralucens Parmotrema xanthinum Pertusaria epixantha Pertusaria macounii Pertusaria multipunctoides Pertusaria opthalmiza Pertusaria ostiolata Pertusaria paratuberculifera Pertusaria propinqua Pertusaria subpertusa Pertusaria tetrathalamia Pertusaria texana Crustose Foliose Foliose Lichenicole Crustose Crustose Crustose Crustose Crustose Crustose Crustose Crustose Crustose Crustose Crustose Foliose Foliose Foliose Crustose Foliose Crustose Crustose Foliose Foliose Foliose Foliose Foliose Foliose Foliose Foliose Foliose Foliose Foliose Crustose Crustose Crustose Crustose Crustose Crustose Crustose Crustose Crustose Crustose Rock Moss, Rock Bark, Rock, Moss Lichen Rock Rock Bark Bark Bark Bark Bark Rock Bark Bark Bark Bark, Rock, Moss Bark Rock Bark Moss Bark Bark Bark Bark Pine bark Wood Bark Bark Bark, Rock Bark, Rock Bark Rock Wood Bark Bark Rock Bark Bark Bark Bark Bark Bark Bark Outcrops Bluff outcrop Forest floor Granitic Flatrock Granitic Flatrock Outcrops Understory Canopy, Edge Understory Understory Understory Forested outcrop Understory Understory Understory Floor, Understory Canopy Forested outcrops Understory Bluff outcrop Canopy Understory, Edge Understory Understory Granitic Flatrock Forest floor Canopy Canopy Forests, outcrops Forests, outcrops Canopy, Edge Forested outcrops Forest floor Understory, Canopy Exposed areas Forested outcrop Understory Understory Understory Understory Forest edge Forest edge Understory, Canopy Pertusaria trachythallina Pertusaria xanthodes Phaeographis inusta Phaeographis subfulgurata Phaeographis sp. Phaeophyscia adiastola Phaeophyscia pusilloides Phaeophyscia rubropulchra Phaeophyscia squarrosa Phlyctis ludoviciensis Phlyctis petraea Phyllopsora confusa Phyllopsora corallina Physcia americana Physcia millegrana (T) Physcia pumilior Physcia subtilis Physciella chloantha Piccolia ochrophora Polysporina simplex Polysporina subfuscescens Porpidia herteliana Porpidia macrocarpa Pseudosagedia cestrensis Pseudosagedia guentheri Punctelia rudecta (T) Pyrenopsis sp. (sterile, micro-areolate) Pyrenopsis sp. (fertile, granular) Pyrenula caryae Pyrenula pseudobufonia Pyrenula subelliptica Pyrrhospora varians Pyxine sorediata Pyxine subcinerea (T) Ramalina americana s. lat. (S) Ramalina paludosa (S) Rinodina maculans Rinodina tephraspis Sarcogyne privigna Sarcogyne similis Strigula americana Trapelia coarctata Trapelia placodioides Crustose Crustose Crustose Crustose Crustose Foliose Foliose Foliose Foliose Crustose Crustose Crustose Crustose Foliose Foliose Foliose Foliose Foliose Crustose Crustose Lichenicole Crustose Crustose Crustose Crustose Foliose Crustose Crustose Crustose Crustose Crustose Crustose Foliose Foliose Fruticose Fruticose Crustose Crustose Crustose Crustose Crustose Crustose Crustose Bark Bark Bark Bark Bark Rock Bark Bark, Rock Rock Bark Rock Rock Bark Bark Bark Bark Rock Bark Bark Rock Rock Rock Rock Bark Rock Bark, Rock Rock Rock Bark Bark Bark Bark Rock Bark, Rock Bark Bark Bark Rock Rock Rock Bark Rock Rock Understory Understory Understory, Edge Forests Forests Forested outcrops Forest near wetland Forests, Outcrops Forested outcrop Understory Forested outcrops Forested outcrop Forest near wetland Understory Exposed areas Canopy Forested outcrops Understory Canopy Exposed outcrops Granitic Flatrock Forested outcrops Granitic Flatrock Understory Forested outcrops Exposed areas Granitic Flatrock Granitic Flatrock Forest near wetland Understory Oak-Hickory Forest Understory Forest near wetland Forests Forest near wetland Canopy Canopy Outcrops Wetland overlook Forested outcrop Forest near wetland Outcrop Outcrops Trapeliopsis flexuosa Trypethelium virens Tuckermanella fendleri Usnea mutabilis (S) Usnea pensylvanica (S) Usnea strigosa (S) Usnea strigosa s. lat. (S) Usnea subscabrosa (S) Xanthoparmelia conspersa Xanthoparmelia hypomeleana Crustose Crustose Foliose Fruticose Fruticose Fruticose Fruticose Fruticose Foliose Foliose Bark, Wood Bark Pine bark Bark, Wood Rock Bark Pine bark Bark Rock Rock Forest floor Understory Loblolly stand Forests Forested outcrop Canopy Granitic Flatrock Bottomland Forest Exposed outcrops Outcrop
