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LING/PSYCH 371 LANGUAGE AND THE MIND
EXAM 2 Review
NAME: ______________________
1 ~ 3: Identify the ambiguity type of the following sentences:
1. Everyone enjoyed the port
a. lexical
b. structural
2. We need more intelligent leaders.
a. local
b. global
3. They told the boy the girl met the story.
a. local
b. global
4. The evidence examined by the attorney turned out to be unreliable.
a. local
b. global
5. Describe self-paced reading, which is one of the experimental techniques in sentence
processing.
6. Describe the garden path effect. (For your convenience in taking an example of ambiguous
sentences, consider the following sentence: Ernie kissed Marcie and her sister started to laugh.
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7. Describe the differences between the probabilistic serial models and the weighted parallel
models of sentence processing.
In terms of decision making
At the ambiguous region, the reader
has more than one structural choices.
At this point, how many choice the
reader consider?
In terms of Information use
When the reader makes a structural
choice, what kind of information s/he
uses?
Modular serial model
Probabilistic serial model
Parallel model
Minimal commitment Model
8. There are two major sentence processing models. One is the garden path model and the other
is the constraint based model. Compare the two models in terms of decision principles and
information use principle.
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9 ~ 12: Identify the ambiguity type of the following sentences:
9. Intended: Hey! Let’s go to Jimmy John’s
Produced: Hey! Let’s go to Jimmy’s John!
a. anticipation exchange
b. exchange
c. shift
d. perseveration
11. Intended: He started to turn his ass backwards.
Produced: He started to turn his back asswards.
a. shift
b. exchange
c. anticipation
d. perseveration
10. Intended: I got you some cigars.
Produced: I got you some guitars.
a. exchange
b. perseveration
c. deletion
d. substitution
12. Intended: I’m being Betty Boop.
Produced: I’m being Betty Bloop.
a. substitution
b. exchange
c. addition
d. blend
Short Answer Questions (10 items * 4 points/each)
13. Among various theoretical proposals on sentence processing, the “minimal commitment”
assumption makes certain predictions on sentence processing. Consider the following sentence:
The cop informed the motorist that he had noticed to avoid overtaking the school bus.
|
||
|
ambiguous region
disambiguation region (ambiguity resolution)
Please fill in the next sentence:
The Minimal Commitment Model predicts that the processing time at the ambiguous regions will
________________________________, because its hypothesis at the ambiguous region is that
______________________________________________________________________________
However, when researchers conducted experiments and measured the processing time of the
ambiguous region (i.e, according to empirical data), the processing time at the ambiguous region
_____________________________________________________________________________
Therefore, this model is not considered as a good model to reflect sentence processing of humans.
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14. Consider the following sentence. This sentence is ambiguous. Identify the ambiguity type of
the sentence, and the ambiguous area. Specify the prediction of Garden-path model and the
reason of the prediction.
Jessie put the book Kathy was reading in the library…
1. Ambiguity: Local (
) Global (
)
2. Ambiguity Region:
3. Prediction by Garden-Path Model: The reader of this sentence tends to attach the ambiguous
part, i.e. ____________________ to _____________________________________________,
rather than to ______________________________________________________________,
4. because the garden-path model assumes that the reader uses _______________ strategy,
which is ____________________________________________________________________
15. Consider the following sentence. Identify the ambiguity type of the sentence, and the
ambiguous area. Specify the prediction of Garden-path model and the reason of the prediction.
The spy saw the cop with a telescope.
1. Ambiguity: Local (
) Global (
)
2. Ambiguity Region: ________________________________________________________
3. Interpretation #1: _________________________________________________________
Interpretation #2: _________________________________________________________
4. Prediction by Garden-Path Model: According to the Garden-Path Model, Interpretation #__ is
the initial choice (or preferred choice) of the reader of this sentence,
5. because the garden-path model assumes that the reader uses __________________ strategy,
which states that ______________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
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16. Consider the following sentences. This sentence is ambiguous. Identify the ambiguity type of
the sentence, and the ambiguous area. Specify the prediction of Garden-path model and the
reason of the prediction.
As soon as he had phoned his wife started to prepare for the journey.
1. Ambiguity: Local (
) Global (
)
2. Ambiguity Region : ___________________________________________
3. Prediction by Garden-Path Model: At the disambiguation region, the reading time of
the sentence is ______________________,
4. because according to the garden-path model, the reader tends to _______________
_______________________________________________________________________
17. Consider the following sentences. Both sentences contain ambiguity; identify the type of the
ambiguity and the ambiguous regions. Specify the prediction of constraint-based model (here,
I mean, the probabilistic serial model), and the reason of the prediction.
The cop arrested by the FBI was a roof-top killer.
The spy arrested by the FBI was a roof-top killer.
1. Ambiguity: Local (
2. Ambiguity Region –
) Global (
)
First sentence _________________________________________
Second sentence _______________________________________
3. Prediction by Constraint-Based Model: At the disambiguation region, the reading time of
the first sentence is ______________________ than the reading time of the second sentence.
4. because according to the constraint-based model, the reader uses _______________
_______________________________________________________________________
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18. Describe the thematic relations and the grammatical relations of the following sentences:
Thematic relations:
John gave the detective story to Jane.
(
) (
) (
)
Grammatical relations: (
) (
) (
)
Thematic relations:
Jane was given the detective story.
(
)
(
)
Grammatical relations:
(
Thematic relations:
Mike kicked the chair.
(
)
(
)
Grammatical relations:
(
)
)
(
(
)
)
19. Describe the speech production model proposed by Bock and Levelt.
Message: John gave the book to Jane.
Message Level:
Functional Level:
Positional Level:
Sound Level:
Assume that the message was produced as the following sentences, which are speech errors. In
what processing level would these errors have been made?
“John gave the gook to Jane.”
“John gave Jane to the book.”
“John give the book to Jane.”
“John bave the book to Jane.”