1. Construction and identification of recombinant lentiviral vector containing HIV-1 Tat gene and its expression in 293T cells. J Biomed Res, 2010; 24(1):58-63 Bingbing Weia, Ninghan Fenga, Feng Zhoub, Chun Lub, Jiantang Sua, Lixin Huaa a Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China; b Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China. Abstract: Objective: To construct a lentiviral vector expressing HIV-1 Tat and identify its expression in 293T cells. Methods: The gene fragment of HIV-1 Tat101 was subcloned to lentiviral transfer vector pHAGE-CMV-MCS-IZsGreen, which was named pHAGE-Tat. Then the constructed pHAGE-Tat was used to co-transfect the packing 293T cells, together with the packaging plasmids pMD2.G and psPAX2. The packaged viral particles designated LV-Tat were used to infect the 293T cells and the viral titer was calculated. The expression of HIV-1 Tat in 293T cells was confirmed using RT-PCR and western blot. Results: The recombinant lentiviral vector was successfully constructed and could express HIV-1 Tat in 293T cells. The virus titer was 5.73×106 ifu/ml. Conclusion: The successfully constructed recombinant lentiviral vector makes a strong foundation for further exploring the possible role of HIV-1 Tat in the development of prostate cancer. http://www.jbr-pub.org/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=jbr100108&flag=1 2. Down syndrome and the molecular pathogenesis resulting from trisomy of human chromosome 21. J Biomed Res, 2010; 24(2):87-99 Aarti Rupareliaa, Frances Wisemana, Olivia Shepparda, Victor L.J. Tybulewiczb, Elizabeth M.C. Fishera a Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK; b MRC National Institute for Medical Research, London NW7 1AA, UK. Abstract: Chromosome copy number aberrations, anueploidies, are common in the human population but generally lethal. However, trisomy of human chromosome 21 is compatible with life and people born with this form of aneuploidy manifest the features of Down syndrome, named after Langdon Down who was a 19th century British physician who first described a group of people with this disorder. Down syndrome includes learning and memory deficits in all cases, as well as many other features which vary in penetrance and expressivity in different people. While Down syndrome clearly has a genetic cause - the extra dose of genes on chromosome 21 we do not know which genes are important for which aspects of the syndrome, which biochemical pathways are disrupted, or, generally how design therapies to ameliorate the effects of these disruptions. Recently, with new insights gained from studying mouse models of Down syndrome, specific genes and pathways are being shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of the disorder. This is opening the way for exciting new studies of potential therapeutics for aspects of Down syndrome, particularly the learning and memory deficits. http://www.jbr-pub.org/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=jbr100201&flag=1 3. MiR-181b suppresses proliferation of and reduces chemoresistance to temozolomide in U87 glioma stem cells. J Biomed Res, 2010; 24(6):436-443 Ping Lia, Xiaoming Lua, Yingyi Wanga, Lihua Suna, Chunfa Qianb, Wei Yana, Ning Liua, Yongping Youa, Zhen Fua a Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China; b Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China. Abstract: MicroRNAs regulate self renewal and differentiation of cancer stem cells. There, we sought to identify the expression of miR-181b in glioma stem cells and investigate the biological effect of miR-181b on glioma stem cells in this study. MiR-181b expression was measured by real-time PCR in glioma stem cells isolated from U87 cells by FACS sorting. After miR-181b was overexpressed in U87 glioma stem cells by miR-181b lentiviral expression vector and/or treatment of temozolomide, secondary neurosphere assay, soft agar colony assay and MTT assay were performed. Compared with U87 cells, the expression of miR-181b was significantly decreased in U87 glioma stem cells. Overexpression of miR-181b decreased neurosphere formation by U87 glioma stem cells in vitro and suppressed colony formation in soft agar, and the cell growth inhibition rates increased in a time-dependent manner in U87 glioma stem cells infected with miR-181b lentivirus. Furthermore, miR-181b had a synergistic effect on temozolomide-induced inhibition of secondary neurosphere and soft agar colony, and on cell growth inhibition rates. MiR-181b functions as a tumor suppressor that suppresses proliferation and reduces chemoresistance to temozolomide in glioma stem cells. http://www.jbr-pub.org/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=jbr100604&flag=1 4. A novel SATB1 binding site in the BCL2 promoter region possesses transcriptional regulatory function. J Biomed Res, 2010; 24(6):452-459 Feiran Gonga,b, Luan Suna,b, Yujie Suna,b,c a Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province; b Department of Cell Biology, cCancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China. Abstract: BCL2 is a key regulator of apoptosis. Our previous work has demonstrated that special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 1 (SATB1) is positively correlated with BCL2 expression. In the present study, we report a new SATB1 binding site located between P1 and P2 promoters of the BCL2 gene. The candidate SATB1 binding sequence predicted by bioinformatic analysis was investigated in vitro and in vivo by electrophoretic gel mobility shift assays (EMSA) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). One 25-bp sequence, named SB1, was confirmed to be SATB1 binding site. The regulatory function of SB1 and its relevance to SATB1 were further examed with dual-luciferase reporter assay system in Jurkat cells. We found that SB1 could negatively regulate reporter gene activity. Mutation of SATB1 binding site further repressed the activity. Knockdown of SATB1 also enhanced this negative effect of SB1. Our data indicate that the SB1 sequence possesses negative transcriptional regulatory function and this function can be antagonized by SATB1. http://www.jbr-pub.org/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=jbr100606&flag=1 5. The role of microRNAs during the genesis of medulloblastomas induced by the hedgehog pathway. J Biomed Res, 2011; 25(1):42-48 Xiaoju Luo, Jun Liu, Steven Y Cheng Department of Developmental Genetics and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China. Abstract: Constitutive hedgehog (Hh) signaling is associated with the genesis of medulloblastomas (MB). The objective of this study is to identify special microRNAs (miRNAs) regulated by the Hh pathway, and to clarify the role of miRNAs during the genesis of MB induced by sustained Hh activation. In the primary screening, we used stem-loop RT-PCR to test the expression of 90 different miRNAs in the wildtype (WT) and Ptc-/- MEF cell lines. In the secondary screening, the miRNAs screened from the first screening were validated in the Sufu-/- MEF cell lines. We then verified the expression of miRNAs both in the normal cerebellar tissues and the MB induced by activated Hh pathway, and examined the expression of the other 21 miRNA members of the miR-154 cluster in the MB and normal cerebellum. In the first screening, 13 miRNAs showed significant differential expression in WT and Ptc-/MEF cell lines, while 10 of them had significant difference in the Sufu-/- MEF cell line. Compared to the normal mouse cerebellum, only 2 miRNAs in 15 miRNAs were differentially expressed between the MB and normal cerebellar tissues. Among 21 members of the miR-154 cluster, 6 miRNAs were downregulated in the MB. Our study demonstrated that miR-154 may be regulated by the Hh pathway, and the activation of the Hh pathway led to the downregulation of the miR-154 cluster, resulting in the genesis of MB. http://www.jbr-pub.org/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=JBR110105&flag=1 6. A mutation in the type II hair keratin KRT86 gene in a Han family with monilethrix. J Biomed Res, 2011; 25(1):49-55 Jin Wu, Yongli Lin, Wenrong Xu, Zhongming Li, Weixin Fan Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China. Abstract: Monilethrix, a congenital disease of hair, is usually associated with mutations in keratin genes, like KRT81, KRT83 and KRT86. We conducted this study to investigate the mutation of typeⅡ human basic hair keratin hHb/KRT gene in a Han family with monilethrix and obtain information for potential pathogenic mechanism study of monilethrix. Peripheral blood samples were drawn for genomic DNA detection. Exon 1 and exon 7 of the KRT81, KRT83 and KRT86 genes were amplified by PCR. All PCR products were sequenced directly using an ABI 310 DNA sequencer. These sequences were aligned with the standard sequences in GenBank using the BLAST soft-ware. PCR products were digested with restriction endonuclease and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis was performed. In this study, we identified one novel mutation, which is a heterozygous transitional mutation of G→A at position 1,289 in exon 7 of the KRT86 gene [R430Q (KRT86)]. RFLP assays for the novel mutation excluded the possibility of polymorphism. The R430Q mutation of the KRT86 gene may be pathogenic for monilethrix. Meanwhile, we did not find any novel mutation or recurrent mutation in exons 1 and 7 of KRT81 and KRT83 and exon 1 of KRT86. There is a potential pathogenic gene in the subjects and our results expand the spectrum of mutations in the hHb6 gene. http://www.jbr-pub.org/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=JBR110106&flag=1 7. UVB suppresses PTEN expression by upregulating miR-141 in HaCaT cells. J Biomed Res, 2011; 25(2):135-140 Wei Li, Wu Di, Lijuan Hua, Bingrong Zhou, Ze Guo, Dan Luo Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiansu 210029, China . Abstract: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are 21 to 24 nucleotide, non-coding RNA molecules that post-transcriptionally regulate the expression of target genes. Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation has been shown to inhibit phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) expression in HaCaT cells through an unknown mechanism. In this study, we investigated whether miR-141 can regulate UVB exposure-mediated inhibition of PTEN expression. Real-time RT-PCR, annexin V/fluorescein isothiocyanate staining, Western blotting and anti-miRNA oligonucleotide transfection were employed in this study. We found that upregulation of miR-141 expression after UVB irradiation was inversely correlated with PTEN expression levels in HaCaT cells. Furthermore, miR-141 expression increased apoptosis, while anti-miR-141 partly restored PTEN expression and reversed the pro-apoptosis effect of UVB. UVB suppresses the expression of PTEN by upregulating miR-141 in HaCaT cells. Therefore, miR-141 is a potential gene therapy target for UVB-induced photodamage. http://www.jbr-pub.org/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=jbr110207&flag=1 8. Relationship between nerve injury-induced protein gene 2 polymorphism and stroke in Chinese Han population. J Biomed Res, 2011; 25(4):287-291 Xin Wanga, Jianying Zhangb, Yi Liua, Yingdong Zhangb a Department of Neurology, Medical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China; b Department of Neurology, Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China. Abstract: The aim of present study was to investigate the relationship between nerve injury-induced protein 2 (NINJ2) gene polymorphism and stroke in Chinese Han population. Fifty-two patients with large-artery atherosclerosis (LAA) infarction, 85 patients with small-artery occlusion lacunar (SAO) infarction, 50 patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and 66 controls were included. Genotypes and alleles frequencies of the two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of NINJ2 among different groups were analyzed and compared. In regard to rs12425791, the frequencies of the AG and AA+AG genotypes of the LAA and SAO groups were significantly higher than those in the control group; the frequency of the A allele of the SAO group was significantly higher than that of the control group. In regard to rs11833579, there were not any significant differences between the case and the control groups. The SNP rs12425791 is significantly associated with ischemic stroke, and the A allele increases the susceptibility to stroke. The SNP rs11833579 is not significantly associated with stroke. http://www.jbr-pub.org/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=jbr110409&flag=1