Biographical Note Prof. Amedeo R. Odoni Amedeo Odoni was born in 1943 in Athens. His father, Rodolfo, was an Italian citizen who was born in Alexandroupolis in 1912 and lived in Greece throughout his life and his mother, Maria Zei, was Greek. Professor Odoni grew up in Athens and Thessaloniki, and has been living in the United States since 1961. He is married to Eleni Mahaira and since 2002 he is dividing his time between Greece and the United States. Professor Odoni attended high-school at Anatolia College in Thessaloniki, from which he graduated in 1961 with a grade of “arista” and was admitted to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). He began his studies at MIT in September 1961 and obtained there the Bachelor of Science degree in 1965, the Master of Science in 1967 and the Ph.D. in 1969, all in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, with Operations Research being the field of specialization of his doctoral dissertation. Upon completion of his Ph.D. in September 1969, at the age of 26, he was immediately appointed as an Assistant Professor, first in the Department of Civil Engineering of MIT and then in the Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics. He has served by now continuously on the faculty of MIT for 37 years. In 1974 he was promoted to Associate Professor, in 1977 to Associate Professor with tenure, and in 1980 to Professor in the Departments of Aeronautics and Astronautics and of Civil and Environmental Engineering at MIT. Professor Odoni has published extensively in top journals in the areas of operations research, management science, urban systems analysis, air traffic flow management, and airport planning and operations. In addition, Professor Odoni has co-authored three books, co-edited another five books and contributed chapters to numerous edited books. Professor Odoni has held major responsibilities in prominent professional journals. From 1986 until 1991, he served with distinction as Editor-in-Chief of Transportation Science, generally considered to be the most prestigious scholarly journal in the field of quantitative analysis and modeling in the transportation sector. Previously and/or thereafter he has also been Associate Editor of several other well-known international journals including Operations Research – the pre-eminent journal in operations research, the Journal of Aircraft, Safety and Reliability, Interfaces, and Transportation Research C. He is currently on the editorial boards of Transportation Science and of the Air Traffic Control Quarterly. The second major dimension of Professor Odoni’s academic career is as an educator. Professor Odoni is an outstanding teacher, both in the classroom and in his one-to-one interactions with his thesis and research students. He has been honored twice with the Excellence in Teaching Award given by the Graduate Student Association of MIT and in 1991 was presented with the National Award for Excellence in Aviation Education by the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration. In 2002 Professor Odoni was honored with the Excellence in Teaching Award of the Graduate Program in Decision Sciences of the Athens University of Economics and Business. One of the courses which he has been teaching every year beginning in 1972, along with his colleagues Professors Arnold Barnett and Richard Larson, is “Logistical and Transportation Planning Methods”, which is based on the Urban OR textbook he has co-authored with Professor Larson. This course is publicly available to any person in the world on the famous MIT Open Courseware website. It is the most popular, as measured a year ago by the number of monthly “hits”, among about 200 MIT graduate courses posted on the website, with several thousands of readers accessing it every year. Another book of Professor Odoni, Airport Systems: Planning, Design and Management, co-authored with Professor Richard de Neufville, was published in 2003 by McGraw-Hill. This book, which is used in a graduate course at MIT and at many other universities, is currently the best-selling English language textbook on airports. Professor Odoni has advised a large number of extremely talented Ph.D. students that, as he says, “he has had the privilege to work with” during his long academic career. He has supervised 39 Ph.D. dissertations to date and has served as a member of more than 100 other dissertation committees, including two at the Athens University of Economics and Business. Many of these students are now distinguished leaders in universities or industry throughout the world, serving as Department Heads, chaired professors, laboratory directors, and company presidents or chief scientists. Some of these dissertations represent significant milestones in the development of operations research and management science. INFORMS has awarded, since 1976, an annual prize for the best Ph.D. thesis in the field of Transportation Science completed during each year. This competition is open to PhD graduates of all universities in the world. Of the 30 times this prize has been awarded to date, the Ph.D. students of Professor Odoni have won the first prize four times (Roger Dear, Harilaos Psaraftis, Patrick Jaillet, and Dimitris Bertsimas) and the second prize twice (Kerry Malone, William Hall) – significantly more times than the students of any other individual. Professor Odoni has been very active as a consultant for the past 30 years. One of his earliest consulting projects was as a member of the team that in 1974 designed the taxiway and apron system for the new International Airport in Munich, which opened in 1991. This was the first time ever when a fast-time computer simulation model was developed and used to support the actual design of an airport. Following that initial experience, Professor Odoni has worked, in chronological order, on major planning or operations projects at the airports of Amsterdam (Schiphol), Stockholm (Arlanda), Cleveland, Boston, Milan (Linate and Malpensa), Sydney, Pisa, New York (LaGuardia and Kennedy), Bologna, Athens, and Frankfurt – with repeat assignments in several of these cases. In addition, he has taught many short courses on air transportation, airports and air traffic control for the United Nations Development Program, NASA, the Airport Authority of Milan, the Delft Technical University and several other organizations. During the past year, he has served as a member of the informal committee of the National Council on Education (ΕΣΥΠ) that recommended in May a number of reform measures for Greek universities. He was recently appointed a member of the newly-established Hellenic Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education (Α.ΔΙ.Π.). For the past 20 years, Professor Odoni has held a number of important leadership positions within and outside MIT. In 1986, he was appointed Co-Director of MIT’s famous Operations Research Center, a position in which he served until 1991. From 1991 to 1996, he was Head of the Systems Division of the MIT Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics. In October 1996, he became one of the original two national Co-Directors of NEXTOR, the National Center of Excellence in Aviation Operations Research, which was established by the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration to conduct advanced research on Air Traffic Management and on airport operations by “bringing together the best university minds in the field of Air Transportation”. The Center consists of a consortium of five leading universities (MIT, University of California at Berkeley, University of Maryland, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, and George Mason University) supplemented by several other affiliated universities and industrial organizations. He stepped down from this position in 2002. From 1999 until now he is also Co-Director of MIT’s Global Airline Industry Center, a research and educational program on the world’s air transportation system, which has been set up at MIT with support from a large grant provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. In recognition of his contributions to scholarship, MIT in 1996 named Professor Odoni the T. Wilson Professor of Aeronautics and Astronautics. The T. Wilson Chair is an endowed professorship created by the Boeing Company in honor of the late Mr. Wilson, who served as President of Boeing for many years and was a 1953 graduate of MIT. In 2001, INFORMS, the professional society of operations researchers awarded him with the Robert F. Herman Award for Lifetime Contributions to Transportation Science. This is the most prestigious award of INFORMS in the transportation field and is given every three years in recognition of “a body of work during an individual’s professional career that has substantially advanced the state-of-the-art of Transportation Science”. Professor Odoni was the fourth recipient in the history of this award. In 2004, he was elected Fellow of INFORMS, the highest recognition offered by the society and the OR/MS profession. In 2002, the Senate of the Athens University of Economics and Business (9th Assembly of April 11th, 2002), following a recommendation of the Department of Management Science and Technology, decided to award to Professor Amedeo R. Odoni a Doctorate honoris causa in recognition of his outstanding contribution to the fields of operations research and management science. An overview of the Scholarly Contributions of Professor Amedeo R. Odoni 1 The central theme of Professor Odoni’s scholarly contributions has been the development and analysis of probabilistic models that explore the impact of uncertainty on the behavior and characteristics of various systems and processes. His research and publications span theoretical and methodological results, as well as many important application areas. His first published paper in 1969, based on his Master’s thesis, was a theoretical one and developed a widely-cited general result for Markov Decision Processes, which is now known as the “Odoni bounds” (1, 2). His work on queueing theory, with Roth and Escobar, has explored the behavior of queueing systems under time-varying conditions (14, 38). This research has led to the development of some of the few existing practical computational tools for the almost exact analysis of dynamic queueing systems. The approach is based on the iterative solution of large systems of differential and difference equations. Another major topic for the methodological work of Prof. Odoni has been in the area of combinatorial optimization. He and two of his Ph.D. students, Patrick Jaillet and Dimitris Bertsimas (both are now well-known MIT professors), have investigated probabilistic variations of several classical optimization problems, such as the spanning tree problem, the traveling salesman problem and the vehicle routing problem. For example, for the traveling salesman problem they have considered the situation in which some or all of the points may not have to be visited on any given instance of the problem. The question then is how to design an a priori tour which has the minimum expected length, when the expectation is computed over all possible instances of the tour. This specific problem, which is now known as the Probabilistic Traveling Salesman Problem (PTSP), was described for the first time by Professor Odoni in the early 1980s, as a result of consulting work he was doing at the time for UPS, a large package distribution company. It was the subject of the Ph.D. dissertation of Dr. Jaillet (16, 33). The seminal paper, “A Priori Optimization”, by Bertsimas, Jaillet and Odoni, which was published in 1990 (19) and develops the fundamental concepts and methodology in the analysis of probabilistic combinatorial problems, has given rise to a new subfield of operations research, with numerous researchers all over the world now working in it. The reason for this widespread interest is that, in many practical situations, such as vehicle routing and the design of pick-up and delivery routes, the consideration of uncertainty makes these combinatorial problems far more applicable than their classical deterministic counterparts. In the air transportation field and beginning with his PhD thesis in 1969, Professor Odoni has pioneered research on a wide range of topics, addressed alone or with various colleagues or Ph.D. students: airport capacity and airport delays (3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 49); planning and design of airport passenger terminals (20); the sequencing of airplanes on runways to minimize air traffic delays (8, 24); the propagation and spreading of delays through air transportation networks under unfavorable weather conditions (32, 32, 35); air transportation safety (15); and air transportation security (37). In recent years, he has worked with his colleagues, at the Transportation Systems and Logistics Laboratory (TRANSLOG) of the Athens University of Economics and Business, the Athens International Airport, and Profs. Giovanni Andreatta and Lorenzo Brunetta at the University of Padova on the development of an integrated package of models that computes capacities and delays at every part of an airport and identifies the interactions between airside and landside airport facilities (36, 43). The area where Professor Odoni’s research most probably has had its greatest impact is the management of air traffic flows. The air traffic control systems of the United States and of Europe must come up every day with a plan for air traffic flows that day. For example, if weather conditions are forecast to be poor in one or more particular geographical areas, aircraft may have to be re-routed to fly around this area or areas. If visibility will be poor or there will be a storm near a major airport, the departure of flights headed to that airport may have to be delayed for some time to make sure that the flights will not have to wait for too long in the air when they get close to their destination. Moreover, the initial plans for each day may have to be revised several times later in the day as new information 1 This is an extended summary of the talk given by Professor Zografos in Greek during the ceremony of October 16, 2006. about weather, actual airspace congestion and actual airport congestion is received. Coming up with good flow management plans and timely and successful updates is of critical importance: a wellfunctioning flow management system can save millions of euros on days with poor weather for the airlines and their passengers. In 1987, Odoni published a paper (19) in which he formulated the air traffic flow management problem as a stochastic and dynamic problem and outlined basic concepts for addressing it. This was the first truly scientific paper published on this subject and is now recognized as a milestone in the field. As air traffic flows have been increasing steadily over the past 20 years and as the complexity of traffic flow management has similarly grown, this has become one of the most active areas of transportation science research internationally. More than 100 papers and PhD dissertations have been published by now with many of the resulting ideas finding their way to field implementation, notably in connection with the Collaborative Decision Making program for air traffic flow management, which was started in 1998 in the United States and has now been initiated in Europe, as well. Professor Odoni and his many collaborators continue to lead in this research with work that is widely followed (22, 23, 25, 26, 28, 30, 34, 42, 45, 46). The next phase of these projects has just received (September 2006) generous additional funding from NASA, in recognition of its importance to air transportation. Other areas to which Professor Odoni and his research colleagues have contributed significantly over the course of decades are the design of urban service systems, such as emergency response systems, as well as practically every aspect of air transportation. For example, Professor Odoni and his long-time colleague and friend, Professor Richard Larson of MIT, along with many of their Ph.D. students, have written an extensive and extensively cited series of papers on facility location theory, in general, and on the optimal location of urban emergency services and of transportation facilities (9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 17, 18, 21, 27). These include ambulances, hospitals, police cars and fire stations, as well as subway stations and post offices. A distinguishing feature of the relevant mathematical models is that the effects of traffic congestion and of stochastic demand fluctuations are taken into consideration in determining optimal locations and deployment strategies for these facilities and services. They are also particularly useful in exploring the relationships between geometry and probability, as well as in providing a general framework for understanding the properties of spatially distributed queues. The fundamental ideas and modeling approaches on which this extensive body of work is based are captured in the classic book Urban Operations Research [50] that Professors Larson and Odoni coauthored and published in 1981. Urban OR is a legendary book for many operations researchers and management scientists. Literally thousands of graduate students throughout the world have used this book (or the lecture notes that preceded its publication) for advanced courses in OR. In a recent historical review of developments in Operations Research, Urban OR is singled out as one of the milestones in the history of the profession (Gass, OR/MS Today, 2003). In recent years, in addition to continuing work on several of the topics mentioned previously, Professor Odoni’s research has concentrated increasingly on economic and policy issues related to air transportation. One of these is the use of congestion pricing and of auctions for the allocation of scarce capacity at congested airports (29, 40, 41). Based on this work, Professor Odoni, working as a consultant with the Federal Aviation Administration – i.e., the Civil Aviation Authority of the United States – and the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey helped resolve in early 2000, the enormous air traffic congestion problems that had developed at New York’s LaGuardia Airport in 2000 (39, 40). A second area of recent work has investigated the additional cost to passengers in the United States and in the European Union caused by the many taxes and fees that are now added to air travel tickets (44, 47, 48). The results of the first phase of this research have attracted wide attention and were transmitted by the Government Accountability Office (GAO) of the U.S. Congress to all members of the Senate and of the House of Representatives. Reports on the continuing progress of this work appear regularly in the press in the United States and have been presented to the European Commission (Directorate General for Transport and Energy) References 1. 2. Odoni, A.R., 1967. Alternative Schemes for Investigating Markov Decision Processes. MIT Operations Research Center, Tech. Rept 28, June 1967. Odoni, A.R., 1969. "On Finding the Maximal Gain for Markov Decision Processes", Operations Research, 17, No. 5, pp. 857-860, Sept.-Oct. 1969. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. Odoni, A.R., 1969. An Analytical Investigation of Air Traffic in the Vicinity of Terminal Areas. MIT Operations Research Center Tech. Rept. 46, December 1969. Odoni, A.R., 1972. "Efficient Operation of Runways", chapter in ANALYSIS OF PUBLIC SYSTEMS, A.W. Drake, R.L. Keeney, P.M. Morse, editors, MIT Press (Cambridge, 1972). Odoni, A.R., 1973. "Air Congestion at Major Airports in the Next Decade", Proceedings of the 1973 Transportation Research Forum, XIV, pp. 483-503, No. 1, Oct. 1973. Hengsbach, G. and A.R. Odoni, 1975. Time Dependent Estimates of Delays and Delay Costs at Major Airports. MIT Flight Transportation Laboratory Rpt. R75-4, Jan. 1975. Odoni A.R. and P. Kivestu, 1976. A Handbook for the Estimation of Airside Delays at Major Airports (Quick Approximation Method). NASA Report CR-2644, Washington, D.C., June 1976. Odoni, A.R. and H. Psaraftis, 1978. "The Optimal Sequencing of Aircraft Landings Subject to Priority Constraints". Optimization Days, 78, Montreal, May 1978. Mirchandani, P.B. and A.R. Odoni, 1979. "Locating New Passenger Facilities on a Transportation Network". Transportation Research, 13, No. 2, pp. 113-122, April 1979. Mirchandani, P.B. and A.R. Odoni, 1979. "Locations of Medians on Stochastic Networks". Transportation Science, 13, No. 2, pp. 85-97, May 1979. Berman, O., R.C. Larson and A.R. Odoni, 1981. "Developments in Network Location with Mobile and Congested Facilities", European Journal of Operations Research, 6, No. 2, pp. 104-116, February 1981. Berman, O. and A.R. Odoni, 1982. "Locating Mobile Servers on a Network with Markovian Properties". Networks, 12, No. 1, pp. 73-86, Spring 1982. Odoni, A.R. and G. Sadiq, 1982. "Two Planar Facility Location Problems with High-Speed Corridors and Continuous Demand", Regional Science and Urban Economics, 12, pp. 467-484, 1982. Odoni A.R. and E. Roth, 1983. "An Empirical Investigation of the Transient Behavior of Stationary Queueing Systems". Operations Research, 31, No. 3, pp. 432-455, May-June 1983. Odoni A.R. and S. Endoh, 1983. "A General Model for Predicting the Frequency of Air Conflicts", Proceedings of the Conference on Safety Issues in Air Traffic Systems Planning and Design, Princeton University, Princeton, N.J., 1983. Jaillet, P. and A.R. Odoni, 1988. "The Probabilistic Vehicle Routing Problem", in VEHICLE ROUTING: METHODS AND STUDIES B.L. Golden and A.A. Assad, editors, North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1988 (pp. 293-318). Batta, R., R.C. Larson and A.R. Odoni, 1988. "A Single Server Priority Queueing-Location Model", Networks, 18, pp. 87-103, 1988. Berman, O., S. Chiu, R.C. Larson and A.R. Odoni, 1990. "Location on Congested Networks” in DISCRETE LOCATION THEORY, R.L. Francis and P.B. Mirchandani, editors, WileyInterscience, 1990. Bertsimas, D., P. Jaillet and A.R. Odoni, 1990. "A Priori Optimization", Operations Research, 38, pp. 1019-1033, 1990. Odoni, A.R. and R. de Neufville, 1992. "Passenger Terminal Design", Transportation Research, 26A, pp. 27-35, 1992. Berman, O., D.C. Ingco and A.R. Odoni, 1993. "Improving the Location of Minisum Facilities through Network Design", Annals of Operations Research, 40, pp. 1-16, 1993. Terrab, M. and A.R. Odoni, 1993. "Strategic Flow Control on an Air Traffic Network", Operations Research, 41, pp. 138-152, 1993. Richetta, O. and A.R. Odoni, 1993. "Solving Optimally the Static Ground-Holding Policy Problem in Air Traffic Control", Transportation Science, 27, pp.228-238, 1993. Venkatakrishnan, C.S., A.I. Barnett and A.R. Odoni, 1993. "Landing Time Intervals and Aircraft Sequencing in a Major Terminal Area", Transportation Science, 27, pp. 211-227, 1993. Vranas, P., D. Bertsimas and A.R. Odoni, 1994. "The Multi-Airport Ground-Holding Problem in Air Traffic Control", Operations Research, 42, pp. 249-261, 1994. Richetta, O. and A.R. Odoni, 1994. "Dynamic Solution to the Ground-Holding Policy Problem in Air Traffic Control", Transportation Research B, pp. 167-185, 1994. Berman, O., D. Ingco and A.R. Odoni, 1994. "Improving the Location of Minimax Facilities Through Network Modification", Networks, 24, pp. 31-41, 1994. Vranas, P., D. Bertsimas and A R. Odoni, 1994. "Dynamic Ground-Holding Policies for a Network of Airports", Transportation Science, 28, pp. 275-291, 1994. Barrett, C., R.J. Murphy, S. Lewis, M. Drazen, L. Pearson, A.R. Odoni, and W. Hoffman, 1994. "Peak Period Airport Pricing as It Might Apply to Boston-Logan International Airport", Transportation Research Record, 1461, pp. 15-23, 1994. 30. Odoni, A.R., 1994. “Issues in Air Traffic Flow Management”, chapter in ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES FOR AIR TRAFFIC FLOW MANAGEMENT, H. Winter and H.G. Nusser, editors, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 43-63, 1994. 31. Peterson, M.D., D.J. Bertsimas and A.R. Odoni, 1995. "Models and Algorithms for Transient Queueing Congestion at Hub Airports", Management Science, 41, pp. 1279-1295, 1995. 32. Peterson, M.D., D.J. Bertsimas and A.R. Odoni, 1995. "Decomposition Algorithms for Analyzing Transient Phenomena in Multiclass Queueing Networks in Air Transportation", Operations Research, 43, pp. 995-1011, 1995. 33. Powell, W.B., P. Jaillet and A.R. Odoni, 1995. "Stochastic and Dynamic Routing on Networks" in Ball, M.O., T.L. Magnanti, C.L. Monma and G.L. Nemhauser (eds.) HANDBOOK IN OPERATIONS RESEARCH / MANAGEMENT SCIENCE: NETWORK ROUTING, Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam, pp. 141-295, 1995. 34. Adams, M., S. Kolitz, J. Milner and A.R. Odoni, 1996. "Evolutionary Concepts for the Air Traffic Flow Management System", ATC Quarterly, 4, pp. 281-306, 1996. 35. Malone, K.M. and A.R. Odoni, 1997. The Approximate Network Delays Model (with K. Malone), MIT Operations Research Center Report (August 1997). 36. Andreatta G., L. Brunetta, A.R. Odoni, L. Righi, M. Stamatopoulos and K.G. Zografos, 1999. “A Set of Approximate and Compatible Models for Airport Strategic Planning on Airside and on Landside”, Air Traffic Control Quarterly, Special Issue on Air Traffic Management, Vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 291-317, 1999. 37. Barnett, A., R. Shumsky, M. Hansen, A.R. Odoni and G. Gosling, 2001. “Safe at Home? An Experiment in Domestic Airline Security”, Operations Research, Vol. 49, No. 2, pp. 181-195, 2001. 38. Escobar, M., A.R. Odoni and E. Roth, 2002. “Approximate Solutions for Multi-Server Queueing Systems with Erlangian Service Times”, Computers and Operations Research, 29, pp. 1353-1374, 2002. 39. Fan, T. P. and A. R. Odoni, 2002. “Airport Demand Management Policies”, Proceedings of the 2002 Air Traffic Management Workshop, Capri, Italy, September 2002. 40. Fan, T.P. and A.R. Odoni, 2002. “A Practical Perspective on Airport Demand Management”, Air Traffic Control Quarterly, 10, pp. 285-306, 2002. 41. Andreatta G. and A.R. Odoni, 2003. “Analysis of Market-Based Demand Management Strategies for Airports and En Route Airspace,” in Ciriani, T., (ed.) OPERATIONS RESEARCH IN SPACE AND AIR, Kluwer Publishers, 2003. 42. Ball, M.O., R. Hoffman, A.R. Odoni and R. Rifkin, 2003. “A Stochastic Integer Program with Dual Network Structure and its Application to the Ground-Holding Problem”, Operations Research, 51, pp. 167-171, 2003. 43. Stamatopoulos, M., K.G. Zografos and A.R. Odoni, 2004. “A Decision Support System for Airport Strategic Planning”, Transportation Research C, 12, pp. 91-118, 2004. 44. Karlsson, J., A.R. Odoni and S. Yamanaka, 2004. “The Impact of Infrastructure-Related Taxes and Fees on Domestic Airline Fares in the United States”, Journal of Air Transport Management, 10, pp. 283-291, 2004. 45. Ball, M.O., C. Barnhart, G. Nemhauser and A.R. Odoni, 2006. “Air Transportation: Irregular Operations and Control” in Barnhart C. and G. Laporte (eds.) TRANSPORTATION HANDBOOK II, forthcoming, 2006. 46. Lulli, G. and A. R. Odoni, 2006. “A Model for the European Air Traffic Flow Management Problem”, Working Paper, accepted for publication in Transportation Science, 2006. 47. Karlsson, J., S. Yamanaka and A.R. Odoni, 2006. “Aviation Infrastructure Taxes and Fees in the United States and the European Union”, Transportation Research Record, Issue 1951, pp. 44-51, 2006. 48. Karlsson J., C. Geslin, A.R. Odoni and S. Yamanaka, 2006. “Airline ticket taxes and fees in the United States and European Union”, chapter in Lee, D. (ed.) ADVANCES IN AIRLINE ECONOMICS, Volume 2, Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2007 (est.). 49. Ball, M. O., D. Lovell, A. Mukherjee and A.R. Odoni, 2006. “Predicting Delays and Flight Cancellations at Major Airports”, Working Paper under review for journal publication, 2006. 50. Larson, R.C. and A.R. Odoni, 1981. Urban Operations Research, Prentice-Hall, EnglewoodCliffs, NJ, 1981. 51. de Neufville, R. and A.R. Odoni, 2003. Airport Systems: Planning, Deign and Management, McGraw-Hill, New York, 2003.