Theme №13: Neoplasms of the kidneys, bladder and urethra.
I. Actuality of theme.
Neoplasia may be benign or malignant. Malignant neoplasms, characterized by local invasion of normal
tissue or distant spread (metastasis) via lymphatic or vascular channels, may be primary or secondary.
Primary urological neoplasms most commonly arise from the lining epithelium of the genitourinary tract
or benign (less commonly) or malignant. Neoplasms are considered to arise from a single abnormal cell,
through successive aberrant divisions. This is called clonal expansion. Malignant epithelial neoplasms
are termed carcinomas; carcinomas may be further characterized histologically by prefixing either adeno
if the neoplasm is glandular, or squamous cell or transitional cell according to the epithelium from
which it has arisen. Benign epithelial neoplasms from glandular or transitional epithelium are
respectively termed adenoma or transitional cell papilloma. Connective tissue neoplasms are described
according to their components, adding benign (-oma) or malignant (-sarcoma) suffixes. For example, a
benign neoplasm composed of blood vessels, fat, and smooth muscle is an angiomyolipoma; a malignant
neoplasm composed of smooth muscle is a leiomyosarcoma. Sarcomas are rare in urological organs,
constituting 1% of all neoplasms.
II. Purpose of the class.
1.
To know the etiology of the neoplasms of the kidneys, bladder and urethra
2.
To know the pathogenesis the neoplasms of the kidneys, bladder and urethra
3.
To know clinical signs of the neoplasms of the kidneys, bladder and urethra
4.
To be a good hand to estimate the changes in data of laboratory, X-ray and instrumental
examinations for the diagnostic the neoplasms of the kidneys, bladder and urethra.
5.
To know main list of diseases for differential diagnosis with the neoplasms of the
kidneys, bladder and urethra
6.
To know the most often complications of the neoplasms of the kidneys, bladder and
urethra
7.
To know the treatment modalities of the neoplasms of the kidneys, bladder and urethra
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Urology. Michael T. Macfarlane - 4th ed. (House Officer Series) – Lippincott Williams & Wilkins,
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Clinical manual of urology. Philip M. Hanno, S. Bruce Malkowicz, Alan J. Wein. – 3rd ed. – McGRAWHill, 2001. – P. 487-561.
Smith’s General Urology. Emil A. Tanagho, Jack W. McAninch – 16th ed. - McGRAW-Hil, 2004. –
P.324-367, 386-416.
Oxford handbook of urology. John Reynard, Simon Brewster, Suzanne Biers. – Oxford university press,
2006. – P. 187-325.
Urology. Study Guide For Practical Work For Medical Students: educational-methodical study guide for
stud. of higher med. est. / S.P. Pasiechnicov, O.D. Nikitin, R.A. Lytvynenko [et al.]. – Vinnytsia: Nova
Knyha, 2012. – p.82-99.