BIFM BCSIG
Version 1.0
9th July 2001
Facilities Managers Guide to Fire Alarms
Facilities Managers Guide to Fire Alarms
Page
Contents
3
Introduction
3
Legal Requirements
4
Design Requirements
4
Types of Detector
8
Installation
10
Commissioning & Training
11
Service and Maintenance Types of contract
12
Service and Maintenance
14
References
24
Associated Links
Special thanks to those all who helped contribute to this guide
Mick Dalton
Chris Mills
Andrew Martin
David Wilkin
Kevin Barrett
Jeremy Philpot
Ian Fielder
Sarah Noakes
Ernst & Young
Ernst & Young
BSRIA
Schroders
BBC
BSC Consulting
JCI
BIFM
Martin Jolly
Eddie Picton
Amec
IBSec
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The following information is intended to give non-technical Building or Facilities Managers outline guidance and an
overview of facilities information relating to Fire Alarm installations.
Introduction
It does not purport to be authoritative or exhaustive. There are many areas which have to be treated on an
individual case by case basis. Of necessity, much information is directly derived from British Standards. There are
also many instances in which expert advice is advised.
This is anticipated as coming from a professionally qualified engineer (most often a member of CIBSE or the IEE),
whether from an FM or consultancy background. Facilities and Building Managers are, perforce, generalists. They
will often need to seek advice from specialists.
Legal Requirements
Guidance
Fire certificate
Keep a copy of fire certificate and familiarise yourself with its requirements as these will differ between buildings. They
are issued by the Fire Officer or Building Control Officer depending on the area the building is in.
Safety log
Keep a safety log of fire alarm tests and maintenance, emergency lighting, building evacuations, sprinkler tests, fire
extinguisher maintenance etc for inspection when required by the Fire Officer.
Alterations
Obtain expert guidance before implementing alterations to fire alarm system or building. Be aware of issues such as
creating rooms within rooms.
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Design Requirements
Guidance
Call point location
Exit routes, stair landings, exits to open air. Maximum travel distance 30m. Mounting height 1.4m Conspicuous
against contrasting background. Easily accessible. Where likely to be viewed from side, require side profile of 750 sq
mm. Buildings which have phased evacuation should have Break Glass Units (BGU) installed within the zone on the
exit to a stair, rather than within a stair.
Detector location
Spacing and siting of detectors is dealt with in detail by BS 5839 Part 1 1988. If you are in doubt seek expert
assistance.
Be aware that the appropriate type of detector needs to be selected and that care needs to be exercised in some
areas such as kitchens with the precise location
Detectors which are all supplied from the same manufacturer will generally share a common plug in base. This will
enable the type of device to be changed or replaced if required. Examples are changing optical to heat where they
may be affected by steam from showers.
Types of Detector
Smoke (optical).
Most widely used. Detect scattering or absorption of light by smoke particles. This is generally used in most areas.
Smoke (Ionization).
Electric current flowing in an ionization chamber is reduced when smoke particles enter the chamber. Use tends to be
less than optical because of problems associated with disposal of radioactive materials. Improved optical devices are
supplanting this type of device. When such devices need to be disposed of they should either be returned to the
original manufacturer or specialist advice sought.
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Smoke (optical beam).
A beam is directed across a large area such as an atrium. In all other respects works as optical device above.
Be aware that these can be activated by window cleaners, cradles, birds and strong sunlight.
Heat (fixed temperature)
Activate when a pre-determined temperature is reached. Used in plant areas such as boiler rooms and kitchens etc.
Heat (rate of rise).
Operate when temperature rises abnormally quickly. Used in plant areas such as boiler rooms and kitchens etc
Flame detectors.
Detect infra red or UV light emitted by fires. May be triggered by sunlight so need to be used with care.
Fusible links.
High Sensitivity Smoke
Detectors.
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Used mainly in plant areas such as generator houses. A link in a wire is located above, say, a generator. If the
melting temperature of the link is exceeded it melts and breaks the wire which in turn causes weighted valves and or
mercury switches to operate, giving an alarm.
HSSD systems are normally used in sensitive areas such as computer equipment rooms. They sample air via a tube
and pass it over a very sensitive detector. This type of system needs specialist design installation and maintenance.
BS 6266 also gives recommendations on fire protection of computer areas.
These systems (VESDA and Hart being the most well known), are often linked to house fire alarm systems. Exact
operation needs to be agreed with the Fire Officer.
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General Note
Carbon monoxide detectors are being heavily promoted by some organisations as a "more reliable" form of device.
Please be aware that the Loss Prevention Council (LPC) have yet to deliver any firm guidance on their use and that
they will not detect all types of combustion. Seek expert advice as to their use.
Location of fire panel
Normally a fire alarm panel is located in the main entrance to a building where it can be readily seen and accessed by
the Fire Brigade. Some larger buildings have a specialist room called a Fire Control Centre (FCC), where the panel is
located. This location is normally agreed with the Fire Authority at the planning stage.
Some buildings may have repeater or mimic panels as well as the main panel. It is a good idea to keep a set of floor
plans adjacent to the main panel for emergency use.
Special areas needs
Voids.
Voids and under floor areas. The size and variety of voids is extensive. If a void has a vertical height larger than
800mm it may need to be treated as a separate compartment. Generally the size and volume is governed by Building
regulations. The need to subdivide voids with fire barriers or install fire detection is normally decided at design stage.
Seek expert advice on this issue.
Computer rooms.
Computer rooms usually have deep floor voids with a lot of cabling (large potential fire load), high value equipment
and are regarded as business critical. Because of this it is normal to install extensive fire detection in the floor void
and in the room space. This commonly comprises interlaced zones of optical and ionisation type detectors. The
extent of this protection is usually driven by perceived business risk rather than the requirements of British Standards
or other regulations. The relevant standard is BS 6266.
Paper and archive stores and other storage.
Potentially these areas contain a large volume of combustible material. The manner of storage (racks with narrow
aisles etc), can also lead to an increased need for detection. Seek expert advice on this issue.
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Zoning
Zones are decided at planning and design stage. They should be small enough for a fire to be located quickly. There
should be adequate fire separation between zones. Floor area of a single zone should not exceed 2000 sq m. Search
distance inside a zone should not exceed 30m. Zones should not include areas in more than one occupancy (multiply
occupied building). Zoning should reflect evacuation plans in premises having phase evacuation. In general zones
often cover one floor of a building. Where detectors are concealed in floors or ceilings, remote indicators are useful to
indicate that a detector has generated an alarm.
In a multiple tenanted building fire alarm testing by tenants and landlord needs to be agreed and co-ordinated. This
may also be referred to in the Fire Certificate.
Types of systems
There are many types of fire alarm system, ranging from manual bells to aspiration detection systems. Modern
electronics have dictated that most systems are now analogue addressable type. Nearly all fire alarm systems use
dedicated wiring systems which are designed to continue to function at high temperatures. BS 5389: Part 1 1988
further classifies system as follows. The system type should be recorded on the fire certificate, although this is not
always the case, particularly with older buildings.
Type P
Type P1
Type P2
Type L
Type L1
Type L2
Type L3
Type M
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Automatic systems intended for protection of property.
System installed throughout protected building. Usually indicated by detectors in all spaces, excepting very
small spaces.
System installed only in defined parts of a protected building.
Automatic detection systems intended for the protection of life.
Systems installed throughout the protected building.
Systems installed only in defined parts of a protected building, but should normally include coverage of L3.
Systems installed only for protection of escape routes.
Manual alarm systems. Very rarely used except on small building sites
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Installation
Guidance
Location of panel. See above.
Surface or hidden wiring. Fire alarm cabling can be surface or concealed. Selection of type, route, segregation from
other services etc is a specialist task. Seek expert advice.
Interfaces such as to shut off gas valves and boilers, switch off air conditioning, switch on stair pressurisation fans or
pressurise zones neighbouring that in alarm, ground lifts, fail open doors on access systems are all decided at design
stage in consultation with the Fire Officer, and District Surveyor.
Insurers will expect such interfaces to be maintained and tested
Cable colours for fire alarms are generally with red oversheath to allow easy identification.
Call points have to be red, sounders can be any colour although red is popular.
A facility Manager should satisfy themselves that the instructions for operation maintenance and testing are
understandable and are being complied with. If in doubt seek clarification from your installer / maintainer. If still in
doubt seek expert advice.
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Standards
National
National Standards. BS 5839: Part 1: 1988 is the main guidance document. This in turn refers to many other British
Standards. The IEE Regulations also detail some requirements in regard to fire alarm cabling. Building Regulations
also have to be complied with.
Industry
Industry Standards. LPC1014 (Loss Prevention Council) and BFPSA (British Fire Protection Systems Association)
documents are the most well known, although all firms should comply with BS requirements.
Fire Authority
Fire Authority. The local fire authority will issue a fire certificate when the building is constructed. If any significant
alterations are made to the building Fire Authority approval should be obtained and a new certificate may be issued.
Fire Officers tend to work to BS 5588.
Statutory Requirements
Statutory Requirements. Main requirements are laid out in The Fire Precautions Act 1971. It is also possible for
local government to make miscellaneous provisions.
Sound levels
Audibility. Should be 65db(A) in all accessible parts of a building, except where this level may hamper telephone
communications with Fire Brigade (usually one designated point). 5db(A) above any other noise level which may be
present for more than 30 seconds. Where levels may exceed 120db(A), special visual warnings such as flashing
xenon beacons may be required. Sounders and speakers should not be mixed in a fire alarm system.
Provision for disabled pager
system
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It is unusual for a fire alarm system to have facilities such as these. Seek expert advice.
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Commissioning & Training
Guidance
You should expect to receive adequate instructions for use and maintenance, a log book, and certificate of installation
and commissioning. Record drawings showing positions of all detectors, break glass points, cable routes etc. Wiring
diagrams showing wiring of panel and junction boxes etc This is all required by BS 5839: Part 1: 1988. If any
modifications occur the documentation must be updated and a revised certificate of installation and commissioning
provided for the modifications.
Information
Fire Certificate. This will lay down number of fire evacuation drills, outline details of alarm systems, etc.
Log book. Needs to be assembled locally. Will contain records of testing and maintenance and other life safety
systems such as sprinklers, emergency lighting etc. It may be convenient to task your maintenance contractor with the
upkeep of this.
Ensure any defects are rectified ASAP.
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Service and Maintenance
Guidance
Types of contract
Payment
Term
Comments
Insurance
Building insurers will almost invariably expect a fire alarm system
to be regularly maintained. You should check what is expected
by your insurer, but generally maintenance in accordance with
relevant British Standards should be acceptable
General
Many companies use their own jargon to describe contracts such
as "Gold Standard" or "Premium". At the end of the day most
probably fit into one of the categories below. Rather than accept
a company's pre printed contract, you may find it easier to define
what you need on a sheet of A4 paper and invite quotes. If you
do decide to go with a pre printed contract read it carefully,
particularly the small print.
Comprehensive
Should cover routine maintenance, call outs, labour and parts. Monthly or
Exclusions should be very limited and clearly stated.
Quarterly
Annual
Stipulate whether
work is to be carried
out in normal hours
or at weekends or
evenings.
Routine or Basic maintenance
Four routine visits. Call out and extra parts chargeable.
Quarterly
Annual
Agree call out rates
etc in advance
Routine and Labour
Four routine visits and call outs. Parts chargeable.
Quarterly
Annual
Agree in advance
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Service and Maintenance
Guidance
Points to remember

Include testing of detectors in lift shafts and inaccessible areas (also include attendance by lift contractor in lift
contract)
 Agree when works can be carried out.
 Agree access procedures - notice for visits etc
Agree responsibilities for interfaces with other systems. Examples of these are Dampers, sprinklers, lifts, Public
Address systems, Building Management Systems, Telephones, remote monitoring agencies, access control systems.
You may need to include other contractors in these arrangements.
Avoiding unwanted alarms


Have system regularly maintained by reputable company.
Any alterations or extensions should ideally be carried out by the maintenance company. If not arrange a meeting
for the installer to hand over to the maintainers. In multiple occupancy buildings, tenants adding unauthorised
interfaces to the fire alarm system may cause problems.
 Ensure any defects are rectified ASAP.
 Have systems in place to control contractors activities. Where activities such as drilling or hot works are to take
place, arrange for the relevant zone to be isolated and programme work for out of hours. Ensure system is deisolated following work.
 Have simple procedures in place to such as No smoking policy.
 Exclude from the building all unauthorised appliances such as toasters, kettles, ovens etc. These can all activate
detection systems.
 Learn from false alarms. If someone sets off the system by smoking, this is a correct operation of the system
caused by a human error.
Changes to internal layouts may cause false alarms or prevent systems from operating correctly. Always review fire
alarm requirements when considering changes.
Procedures.
There should be procedures laid down for dealing with alarms and fault warnings, isolations etc. It would be prudent
to review these after an alarm and also bi-annually to ensure they are kept up to date.
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Training.
Users should be instructed in the proper use of the system. All occupants should be instructed in the proper actions to
take in the event of fire. All visitors and contractors should be briefed on basic fire safety precautions.
Liaison.
The responsible person should ensure that activities such as maintenance and decoration does not cause faults, or
interfere with the operation of the fire alarm. If significant changes are planned, then any necessary modifications to
the fire alarm system should be considered at an early stage.
Obstructions.
Fire alarm call points, panels, escape routes, beacons and detectors should be maintained free from obstruction.
Daily.
Weekly.
Monthly.
Quarterly.
Check that the panel indicates normal operation and any faults are recorded and follow up action taken.
Test at least one detector or call point on one zone to operate the system. Every zone should be tested at least once
every 13 weeks. Every time a zone is tested a different trigger device should be used. Record all details in log book.
This should take place at the same time every week and include brief activation of sounders. This will familiarise
occupants with the system and allow defective sounders to be located.
If a standby generator is used as part of the supply, this must be tested by simulating a failure of the normal supply.
The generator must be run, supplying the fire alarm, for a minimum of an hour. At the end of the tests the generator
batteries, coolant, oil and fuel must be checked and topped up if required.
Check logbook. Check fire alarm batteries and connection to ensure they will remain serviceable until next quarterly
service. Check a detector or call point in each zone. Check all ancillary functions (shuts down air conditioning etc).
Check building layout etc has not changed and that all call points etc are still correctly sited. It is common practice to
test 25% of detectors on each of the quarterly visits which then covers the requirements for an annual visit.
Annual.
Check that all detectors are functioning. Visual inspection to ensure that all wiring and equipment is sound and
undamaged.
Five yearly.
A full IEE wiring test and inspection should be undertaken. Any defects found should be remedied. A test and
inspection certificate should be issued by the contractor carrying out the work.
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References & Associated Links
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23
23
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24
British Standards
European Standards
Loss Prevention Council
Loss Prevention Certification Board
British Fire Protection Systems Association
Fire Protection Association
Fire Officers Committee
Department of Health
CIBSE
Associated Links
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References Fire detection and alarm system standards, codes of practice and guidance documents
1.
1.1
British Standards
2740
1.2a
4422
1.2b
4422
1.3
5364
1.4a
5445
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Specification for simple smoke alarms and alarm metering devices
Source: BSI #RS (BS 2740:1969(1991))
Author: British Standards Institution
Specifies the requirements for simple smoke alarms and alarm metering devices. Treats two types of alarm metering
device- 1. a combination of alarm counter and clock, 2. an alarm recorder. Gives guidance of the calibration and
installation of smoke alarms. Refers to #RS (BS 2741) (q.v.) for the construction of very simple smoke viewers which
may be used to supplement information obtained from an alarm or indicator.
Glossary of terms associated with fire. Part 1. General terms and phenomena of fire
Author: British Standards Institution,
Source: BSI #RS (BS 4422:Part 1:1987)
Gives general terms associated with fire protection and testing which have been agreed nationally.
Glossary of terms associated with fire. Part 3. Fire detection and alarm
Author: British Standards Institution,
Source: BSI #RS (BS 4422:Part 3:1990)
Terms used to describe the operation of fire alarm systems and specific types of fire detectors.
Manual call points for electrical fire alarm systems. Part 1 - Frangible cover type. .
Author :British Standards Institution
Source :BSI #RS(BS 5364:Part 1:1977)
This standard was withdrawn and replaced by BS 5839-2:1983
Components of automatic fire detection systems. Part 5 - Heat sensitive detectors, point detectors containing a
static element.
Author :British Standards Institution, European Standard
Source :BSI #RS(BS 5445:Part 5:1977) #RS (EN 54:Part 5)
Requirements, test methods and performance criteria for three response grades of heat sensitive (point) detectors
containing a static element.
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1.4b
5445
1.4c
5445
1.4d
5445
1.5a
5839
1.5b
5839
1.5c
5839
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Components of automatic fire detection systems. Part 7 Specification for point-type smoke detectors using
scattered light, transmitted light or ionisation.
Author :British Standards Institution, European Standard
Source :BSI. #RS (BS 5445 : Part 7 : 1984) #RS (EN 54 : Part 7 : 1982) 1984.
Specifies requirements, test methods and performance criteria for point-type, re-settable smoke detectors that operate
using scattered light, transmitted light, or ionisation. For the testing of other types of smoke detectors this standard
should only be used for guidance.
Components of automatic fire detection systems. Part 8. Specification for high temperature heat detectors.
Author :British Standards Institution, European Standard
Source :BSI. #RS (BS 5445 : Part 8 : 1984) #RS (EN 54 : Part 8 : 1982) 1984.
Specifies requirements, tests and performance criteria for point-type heat sensitive detectors that a) have high response
temperatures b) contain at least one element having a static response threshold c) have heat sensitive elements
(excluding elements having auxiliary functions, eg: characteristic correctors) that are not closer than 15mm to the
mounting surface of the detector.
Components of automatic fire detection systems. Part 9. Methods of test of sensitivity to fire.
Author :British Standards Institution, European Standard
Source :BSI. #RS (BS 5445 : Part 9 : 1984) #RS (EN 54 : Part 9 : 1982) 1984.
Describes test fires to which fire detectors are to be subjected in order to satisfy the conditions specified in other parts
of EN 54.
Fire detection and alarm systems for buildings. Part 1. Code of practice for system design, installation and
servicing.
Author :British Standards Institution.
Source :BSI, #RS (BS 5839:Part 1:1988) 1988, 60pp, 7 figs,
Covers all systems, from simple manual installations with several manual call points to complex automatic installations
with manual call points, detectors, connection to the fire service and initiation of ancillary services.
Fire detection and alarm systems in buildings. Part 2. Specification for manual call points.
Author :British Standards Institution
Source :BSI. #RS (BS 5839:Part 2:1983) 1983.
Specifies the requirements and methods of test for manual call points for use in electrical fire alarm systems. Also
specifies requirements for mounting boxes for use with manual call points.
Fire detection and alarm systems for buildings. Part 3. Specification for automatic release mechanisms for
certain fire protection equipment.
Author :British Standards Institution.
Source :BSI, #RS (BS 5839:Part 3:1988) 1988, 10pp, 1 fig, 2 tabs,
Gives constructional and performance requirements for mechanisms intended to hold open (or closed) fire protection
equipment such as fire doors, dampers, etc., releasing on manual operation or receipt of a fire signal.
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1.5d
5839
1.5e
5839
1.5f
5839
1.5g
5839
1.6
5979
1.7
6266
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Fire detection and alarm systems for buildings. Part 4. Specification for control and indicating equipment.
Author :British Standards Institution.
Source :BSI, #RS (BS 5839:Part 4:1988) 1988, 16pp, 3 tabs,
Specifies requirements and tests for control and indicating equipment, including any associated power supply unit.
Does not cover indicating equipment installed at remote manned centres.
Note: This standard may be withdrawn.
Fire detection and alarm systems for buildings. Part 5. Specification for optical beam smoke detectors
Author :British Standards Institution
Source :BSI, #RS (BS 5839:Part 5:1988) 18pp, 3 figs, 5 tabs, sp.
Specifies requirements, test methods and performance criteria for fire detectors utilising attenuation of an optical beam
for the detection of smoke aerosols
Fire detection and alarm systems for buildings. Part 6. Code of practice for the design and installation of fire
detection and alarm systems in dwellings
Author :British Standards Institution
Source :BSI, #RS (BS 5839:Part 6:1995), 34pp, 1 fig, 4 tabs, refs,
Gives recommendations for the planning, design and installation of fire detection and alarm systems in dwellings and
dwelling units that are designed to accommodate a single family, and in houses in multiple occupation which comprise a
number of self-contained units each designed to accommodate a single family. The recommendations apply to both
new and existing dwellings. Recommendations for routine attention are also given.
Fire detection and alarm systems for buildings. Part 8. Code of practice for the design, installation and
servicing of voice alarm systems
Author :British Standards Institution
Source :BSI, BS 5839:Part 8:1998, 42pp, 1 fig, 5 tabs, 16 refs.
Provides recommendations for the planning, design, installation and servicing of voice alarm systems in and around
buildings.
Code of practice for remote centres for alarm systems
Author :British Standards Institution
Source :BSI, #RS (BS 5979:1993 (2000))
Gives recommendations for planning, construction and facilities of manned and unmanned centres for intruder, fire and
social alarms and other monitoring services.
Code of practice for fire protection for electronic data processing installations. Recommendations for new and
existing installations
Author :British Standards Institution
Source :BSI, BS 6266:1992
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1.8
7273
Code of practice for the operation of fire protection measures - Part 1: Electrical actuation of gaseous total
flooding extinguishing systems
Author :British Standards Institution
Source :BSI, BS 7273-1:2000, 12pp, 1 fig, 4 tabs, 11 refs.
ISBN no :0580330621
This part of BS 7273 gives recommendations for the planning, installation and servicing of electrical equipment for the
actuation of gaseous total flooding fire extinguishing systems. It covers the interface between fire detection systems
(see BS 5839-1) and fire extinguishing systems (see BS 5306) and is also applicable to fire protection systems for
electronic data processing installations (see BS 6266). It applies only to electrically actuated total flooding gaseous fire
extinguishing systems for use in a temperate climate such as that of the United Kingdom.
1.9
7807
Code of practice for design, installation and servicing of integrated systems incorporating fire detection and
alarm systems and/or other security systems for buildings
Author :British Standards Institution
Source :BSI, #RS (BS 7807:1995), 18pp, 4 figs, 1 tab, refs,
ISBN no :0 580 24600 0
Provides recommendations for the integration of a security system with other security systems for use in and around
buildings. No current standard is superseded.
Fire safety engineering. Detection, activation and suppression.
Author :British Standards Institution
Source :BSI, #RS (BS ISO/TR 13387-7)
1.10
ISO 13387
2. European Standards
2.1a
EN 54
2.1b
EN 54
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Fire detection and fire alarm systems. Part 1. Introduction
Author :European Standard
Source :BSI, #RS (EN 54-1:1996), 14pp, 1 fig, 1 tab, refs,
ISBN no :0 580 2643 6
Replaces BS 5445: Part 1:1977.
Fire detection and fire alarm systems. Part 2 Control and indicating equipment
Author :European Standard
Source :BSI, EN 54-2:1998, 30pp, 1 fig, 3 tabs.
ISBN no :0580294315
Specifies requirements for control and indicating equipment for fire detection and fire alarm systems installed in
buildings.
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2.1c
EN 54
2.1d
EN 54
2.1e
EN 54
2.1f
EN 54
2.1g
EN 54
2.2
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EN 50130
Fire detection and fire alarm systems. Part 4. Power supply equipment
Author :European Standard
Source :BSI, EN 54-4:1998, 18pp, 1 fig, 3 tabs.
ISBN no :058029426 9
Specifies requirements for power supply equipment for fire detection and fire alarm systems installed in buildings.
Fire detection and fire alarm systems. Part 5. Components of automatic fire detection systems. Heat sensitive
detectors – point detectors containing a static element.
Source: European Standard
Source :BSI, EN 54-5:1976
See BS 5445-5.
Components of automatic fire detection systems. Part 7 Specification for point-type smoke detectors using
scattered light, transmitted light or ionisation.
Source: European Standard
Source :BSI, EN 54-7:1982
See BS 5445-7.
Components of automatic fire detection systems. Part 8. Specification for high temperature heat detectors.
Source: European Standard
Source :BSI, EN 54-8:1982
See BS 5445-8.
Components of automatic fire detection systems. Part 9. Methods of test of sensitivity to fire.
Source: European Standard
Source :BSI, EN 54-9:1982
See BS 5445-9.
Alarm systems. Part 4. Electromagnetic compatibility. Product family standard - Immunity requirements for
components of fire, intruder and social alarm systems
Author :European Standard
Source :BSI, #RS (EN 50130-4:1996), 20pp, 3 figs, 7 tabs, 17 refs,
ISBN no :0 580 25766 5
Applicable to components of alarm systems intended for use in and around buildings in residential, commercial, light
industrial and industrial environments. This series of standards is intended to give the requirements applicable to alarm
systems in general (e.g. the EMC immunity requirements).
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3. Loss Prevention Council (now part of the Building Research Establishment BRE)
Rules for automatic fire detection and alarm installations for the protection of property
Author :Loss Prevention Council
Source :RLS1, LPC, London, 1991, 6pp,
Specifies insurers’ requirements for the design, installation, commissioning/testing, use and servicing of fire detection
and alarm systems primarily for the protection of property, that are additional to the requirements of BS 5839 Part 1.
Life safety requirements are covered in BS 5839 Part 1 1988.
Loss Prevention Standard LPS 1014: Issue 3 – Requirements for certified fire detection and alarm system firms
Loss Prevention Standard LPS 1054: Requirements for the evaluation of component compatibility for fire alarm
systems
4. Loss Prevention Certification Board (see BRE Certification)
Requirements for remote centres for fire alarm systems.
Author :Loss Prevention Certification Board
Source :LPCB, Loss Prevention Standard LPS 1020:Issue 1:14.4.88, 15pp, refs,
This standard is in 2 parts. Part 1 - specifies requirements for central monitoring stations, which receive and record fire
alarm calls from premises protected by fire alarm, and/or extinguishing systems, and transmit the information to the
appropriate fire authority. Part 2 - specifies requirements for satellite stations and collector points used in the reception
and onward transmission of fire alarm calls to a Central Monitoring Station.
Requirements for the evaluation of component compatibility for fire alarm systems.
Author :Loss Prevention Certification Board
Source :LPCB, Loss Prevention Standard LPS 1054:Issue 1:20.10.1987, 9pp, 1 ref,
Specifies tests to be performed on complete fire alarm systems to determine that the individual components (i.e. control
and indicating equipment, power supply units, detectors, sensors, bases and any auxiliary equipment) are compatible.
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5. British Fire Protection Systems Association
Code of Practice for Category 1 aspirating detection systems
Author :British Fire Protection Systems Assoc. Ltd.
Source :BFPSA 1996, 55pp, 8 figs 4 tabs,
Writes to guide users of aspirating detection systems in applications where the protection of life and property is the sole
reason and intention in installing these systems. The document is in accord with the philosophies already determined in
BS 5839 Parts 1:1988. States that by utilising the recommendations it is possible to recognise any potential pitfalls, ask
the right questions, employ the right expertise and minimise any risk so that an acceptable installation can be achieved
and maintained by regular inspection and test.
Recommendations for power supplies for use in fire alarm systems.
Author :British Fire Protection Systems Association Ltd.
Source :BFPSA April 1985 13pp.
Prepared under the auspices of the fire detection and alarms executive committee of British Fire Protection Systems
Association (BFPSA) Ltd. and provides recommendations on the design and construction of both the main and standby
power supplies for fire alarms.
Recommendations for power supplies for use in fire alarm systems.
Author :British Fire Protection Systems Association Ltd.
Source :BFPSA April 1985 13pp.
Prepared under the auspices of the fire detection and alarms executive committee of British Fire Protection Systems
Association (BFPSA) Ltd. and provides recommendations on the design and construction of both the main and standby
power supplies for fire alarms.
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6. Fire Protection Association
Fire and the law. Fire prevention design guide 1.
Author :Fire Protection Association
Source :FPA Design Guide. no date.
Design guide for the fire protection of buildings. 2000
Author :Fire Protection Association
Source :FPA 1999, 312pp, figs, tabs.
ISBN no :1902790022
Provides guidance on the principles of passive fire protection in connection with business risk management. Focuses
on - contribution to fire growth, fire resistance, compartmentation, external fire spread. States the Guide extends
beyond insurance considerations and presents wide-ranging recommendations for the fire protection of industrial and
commercial buildings as part of the overall management of risk. Aims to assist building designers and other professional
advisers in reconciling the provisions of national legislation standards with risk management objectives. Chapter
headings are - Introduction, General principles, Compartmentation, Protection of openings and services, External fire
exposure, Construction design and data sheets, Special risks, case studies.
Fire protection equipment
Author :Fire Protection Association
Source :FPA August 1991, Fire Prevention Design Guide FPDG 6, 11pp, figs, tabs, refs,
Writes for architects who need to advise the building owner, developer or management on the provision of a four-part
linked system of fire defence embracing detection, warning, calling the fire brigade and immediate attack comprising 1)
manually-operated warning systems, 2) automatic fire detection and alarm systems, 3) automatic fire detection and
extinguishing systems and 4) portable fire extinguishing equipment. Lists what the architect will need to consider in
deciding the equipment required - statutory requirements covering life safety, financial considerations, quality of
equipment and features of the building. Discusses each of the systems in turn and illustrates and describes the
characteristics of their chief components. Summarises in tables factors influencing the choice of detectors, design
densities and areas of discharge, the main types of sprinkler systems and extinguishers to suit the fire. Lists relevant
British standards.
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7. Fire Officers’ Committee (Now BRE)
Rules for automatic fire alarm installations for the protection of property
Author: Fire Officers' Committee
Source: FOC, London, February 1985, 12th edition, 14pp. Price 10.00 pounds,
Describes the requirements for fire alarm installations in premises for property protection purposes. Refers to #RS (BS
5839:Part 1:1980), 'Fire detection and fire alarm systems in buildings. Code of practice for installation and servicing'.
Describes general protection requirements, equipment standards and commissioning of new installations. Details
routine testing procedures and maintenance.
8. Department of Health
Firecode. Alarm and detection systems
Author: Dept. of Health
Source: HMSO 1996, Health Technical Memorandum 82, 35pp, 1 fig,
Writes for those responsible for specifying, designing, installing or approving fire alarm systems in hospitals. States the
guidance should be read in conjunction with BS 5839 Part 1. Provides guidance on the design and installation of new
fire detection and alarm systems in NHS hospitals. It also covers modifications to new and existing hospitals. Also
covers modifications to existing fire alarm systems required by alterations or extensions to existing hospital buildings.
Covers a wide range of alarm and detection technology, from conventional systems to multi-criteria detectors in
addressable systems. Also provides information and guidance on design philosophy and technical recommendations.
9. CIBSE
Fire engineering
Author: CIBSE
Source: CIBSE Guide E, 1997, figs, tabs, refs.
ISBN no: 0 900953 78 0,
Writes for those responsible for the design, installation, commissioning, operation and maintenance of building services,
including students and practising engineers. Addresses the dynamics of fire, fire hazards, mitigation of fire damage by
the proper design, construction and arrangement of buildings, materials structures and systems and the design,
installation and maintenance of fire detection, alarm and suppression systems. Chapter headings are - Legislation,
standards and strategy, Building designation, Means of escape, Compartmentation and spread of flame, Alarm
detection and emergency lighting, Fire and smoke ventilation, Fire suppression and firefighting, Fire dynamics,
Construction site fires
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Associated Web Sites
The Fire Safety Development Group was created in 1992 as a consortium of companies dedicated to advancing the
case for effective fire protection.
The FSDG believes where lives and losses are concerned the only measure of effectiveness can be the reduction in the
threat to life safety, and the minimising of potential losses - usually by containing a fire in the room of origin. These two
principles have to be the standards by which fire safety regulations are measured. Commercial gain cannot be the
guiding factor, because the bottom line has to be the reduction of the threat to life safety.
Click
Click
Click
Heating and Ventilating Contractors' Association.
The Association exists to represent, promote and safeguard the interests of its members and the business sectors in
which they are engaged: by influencing the commercial environment in which they operate; by promoting high
competence standards; and by providing quality advice and guidance on all aspects of their business"
The Institute of Building Control.
The Institution was established to advance public education in the science and law of building control and in 1976 was
granted charitable status. Until 1985, the Institute exclusively served the needs of building control officers engaged by
local authorities and statutory bodies. However, in that year, legislative changes introduced by central government
enabled the supervision of the Building Regulations to be undertaken by the private sector. The Institution, conscious of
its new role in serving both the public and private sectors, changed its name, in 1986 to the Institute of Building Control
Click
Royal Institute of British Architects RIBA is an international knowledge-based network, which is committed to the
improvement and enjoyment of the physical environment through the development and sharing of values, ideas,
learning, and practices.
Click
The Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (RICS) is the global professional body that represents, regulates and
promotes chartered surveyors and technical surveyors. Under the terms of its Charter the RICS is required at all times
to act in the public interest. An independent, not-for-profit organisation, the Institution is committed to upholding
standards of competence and integrity among its members and providing impartial, authoritative advice on public affairs
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"The Movement for Innovation (M4I) aims to lead radical improvement in construction in value for money, profitability,
reliability and respect for people, through demonstration and dissemination of best practice and innovation".
Click
Warrington Fire Research is an international company and one of the worlds leading independent organizations
specializing in fire testing, fire research and fire safety engineering.
Click
The British Fire Protection Systems Association is The Trade Association of manufacturers and installers of fire
alarm and fixed extinguishing systems. It is recognised as the co-ordinating body for the UK fire systems industry and is
the leading trade association in its field in Europe.
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The Association was formed in 1966 from the need to bring together a growing industry with a common focus. Its
success in addressing the issues such as standards and regulation has proved to be beneficial not just to the member
companies but to the wider industry and the safety of the general public.
Since its formation in 1993, the British Institute of Facilities Management has remained the fastest growing
professional body in the United Kingdom. Most of the members are individual professionals and there is an increasing
corporate membership from organisations providing goods and services.
BIFM has strong links with Facilities Management organisations abroad, placing you at the forefront of international
issues. Through membership of organisations such as CBI and co-operation with leading professional bodies, BIFM
promotes awareness and understanding of the value of Facilities Management. Informing decision-makers at corporate
and Government level helps shape the future of Facilities Management
The British Automatic Sprinkler Association is the national trade association for the industry.
The main objective of BASA is to increase the market for sprinklers by making sure that as many people as possible
know how sprinklers can play a major role in saving life and property in a fire.
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BASA works closely with fire brigades, building control officers, insurers, architects and town planners. The Association
is dedicated to making sure that sprinkler systems are installed to the highest professional standards.
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The Chief and Assistant Chief Fire Officers' Association (CACFOA) is the foremost official organisation for principal
fire officers in the UK.
CACFOA's primary objective is to reduce the loss of life, personal injury and damage to property and the environment
by improving the quality of fire-fighting, rescue, fire protection and fire prevention in the United Kingdom. This will be
achieved by providing expert professional advice, leadership, research, informed comment and other services to the
relevant bodies and to CACFOA's own members
CIBSE (The Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers) is an international body, which represents and
provides services to the building services profession.
It undertakes a wide range of learned society activities ranging from producing information services and acknowledged
industry good practice publications in its series of Guides and other publications, to running a wide range of events, and
to providing extensive networking activities through a series of regional and special interest groups.
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BSRIA Ltd (previously the Building Services Research Information Association) is the UKs leading Centre for
building services technologies and information. As a member based Research Association we aim to assist the building
services industry and its clients to improve the quality of its products and services, including the efficiency of their
provision and effectiveness of their operation.
CIRIA is a UK-based research association concerned with improving the performance of all involved with construction
and the environment.
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The Construction Industry Board (CIB) exists to improve the performance of the UK construction industry. It brings
together suppliers and customers from the private and public construction sectors with central government.
Its main objectives are to implement the recommendations of 'Constructing the Team' and the complementary agenda
of the 1998 Egan Report 'Rethinking Construction'.
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CRISP, the Construction Research and Innovation Strategy Panel, is a part of the Construction Industry Board
(CIB), which represents the interests of the industry, its clients and government. It has a wide research remit
encompassing all aspects of generating and refining the knowledge that the industry and its clients need to improve the
performance of UK construction. Its innovation remit is focused on encouraging the development of ideas and tools to
enhance the application of new knowledge.
The European Intelligent Building Group is Europe's leading independent network of organisations
committed to developing the market for intelligent buildings. The EIBG network includes many of Europe's
leading companies involved with the development, design, construction and management of buildings. The
group's activities are directed by an Executive Committee, elected by the membership, and supported by an
executive office based in London.
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The Fire Extinguishing Trades Association is The Trade Association of manufacturers and maintainers of portable
fire fighting equipment including extinguishers hose reels and fittings. Established in 1916 it is a non-profit making
organisation funded by membership subscription.
Its objective is to uphold and enhance the professional status of the Fire Protection Industry by encouraging the
adoption of improved standards for product, service and quality management systems and promoting greater use of
high quality products and services to the benefit of all.
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The Institution has been the home of Mechanical Engineers for 150 years. Around 83,000 engineers world-wide are
members. The Institution of Mechanical Engineers (IMechE) is the United Kingdom's qualifying body for mechanical
engineers. “To create the natural professional home for all involved in Mechanical Engineering."
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The site, www.occupier.org has been formed as a consortium of organisations who seek
"to generate and place in the public domain knowledge of the impact of buildings and workplaces on occupiers'
business performance".
Established in 1990, the British Council for Offices (BCO) is Britain's leading forum for the discussion and debate of
issues affecting the office sector. Its members are all organisations involved in creating, acquiring or occupying office
space, whether architects, lawyers, surveyors, financial institutions or public agencies. The BCO works to advance the
collective understanding of its members, enabling them to work together to create more effective office space
The (BSI) British Standards Institute
 Facilitates writing the standards that industry and business use to increase efficiency and safety, and to trade
internationally
 Oversees the implementation of management systems that are recognised the world over as an essential
key to running a profitable business
 Inspects commodities and tests products to ensure that they are what they claim to be and do what they
claim to do efficiently and safely
 Provides a range of related support services and learning opportunities
The Centre for Facilities Management (CFM) operates as an international focus for facilities management, working in
association with professional, corporate, public and educational bodies to
… Promote, enhance and support the development of facilities to balance the performance of operational
environments and services with strategic needs.
The Chartered Institute of Building (CIOB) is the professional home for today’s managers in construction. It has
almost 40,000 members, skilled managers and professionals drawn from the top ranks of the construction industry, with
a common commitment to achieving and maintaining the highest possible standards.
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The CIOB is an educational charity, governed by a Royal Charter, which provides a multi-disciplinary technical and
management based qualification. A corporate member of the Institute will have achieved this qualification
The Construction Best Practice Programme raises awareness of the benefits of best practice and provides guidance
and advice to UK construction and client organisations so that they have the knowledge and skills required to
implement change. The main focus is transformation of outmoded management practices and business cultures.
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The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies from
some 140 countries, one from each country.
ISO is a non-governmental organization established in 1947. The mission of ISO is to promote the development of
standardization and related activities in the world with a view to facilitating the international exchange of goods and
services, and to developing cooperation in the spheres of intellectual, scientific, technological and economic activity.
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ISO's work results in international agreements which are published as International Standards.
Loss Prevention Certification Board Around the world, specifiers in the fire and security sectors insist on products
which have achieved independent third-party certification. LPCB is widely acknowledged to be a leading international
certification and approvals body in fire protection and security, with experience dating back 130 years through its
predecessor, the Fire Offices' Committee (FOC).
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The Fire Protection Agency FPA is the UK's national fire safety organisation and it works to identify and draw attention
to the dangers of fire and the fire prevention measures by which their potential for loss is kept to a minimum.
The FPA is supported by the Association of British Insurers and Lloyd's.
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The aim of the Department of Health is to improve the health and well-being of people in England.
Click
This site gives you the latest news and information about the Department and our work. It also offers you easy access
to the wide range of publications, policy and guidance we produce.
BRE (Building Research Establishment) is the UK's leading centre for construction and fire expertise, providing
consultancy, testing and information services to customers world-wide.
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The BRE are now the lead organisation of LPB, LPCB and The Fire Officers Committee
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