Exam 4 Review
Supplemental Instruction
Iowa State University
Leader:
Course:
Instructor:
Date:
Shelly
BIOL 101
Dr. Valenzuela
3/24/15
1. Bone marrow stem cells make:
A. Bone cells
B. Neural cells
C. Cardiac cells
D. Blood cells
2. What is the turnover rate for the epidermis?
A. Never replaced
B. 120 days
C. 2-3 weeks
D. 15 years
3. True/False: Your skin cells and your brain cells have the same genes.
4. A zygote is an example of
A. Pluripotent cell
B. Multipotent cell
C. Totipotent cell
5. What are three possible multipotent stem cells?
Bone marrow, neural, mesenchymal
6. Place the following in order from smallest to largest: tissues, organs, cells, systems
Cells, tissues, organs, systems
7. Which of the following statements applies to tissues? Circle all that are correct.
A. Only one cell type is present
B. Multiple cell types are present
C. Each tissue has a specific function
D. Cells within a tissue cooperate
E. All of the above
8. What are the differences between embryonic and somatic stem cells?
Embryonic stem cells are less specific than adult stem cells.
9. Name four regenerative medicine example:
Therapeutic drugs
Stem cells stimulated outside the body
Biodegradable materials used for support
Biodegradable scaffolds
Pg. 290-291
10. What is a blastocyst?
A. A fertilized egg
B. A ball of 8 duplicating cells
C. Hollow ball of cells
D. Does not lead to cell differentiation
11. What is the cloning process called?
Somatic cell nuclear transfer
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12. How do bacteria reproduce?
A. Meiosis
B. Mitosis
C. Sexually
D. Binary fission
13. What are two ways bacterial populations can acquire genetic variation?
mutations and gene transfer
14. True/False: Individuals evolve and populations are selected.
15. It is advantageous for flowers to be medium length because short flowers don’t get
enough sunlight, tall flowers have wind damage. What type of selection is this?
A. Stabilizing
B. Directional
C. Diversifying
16. Name three ways you can prevent antibiotic resistant bacteria
Wash your hands
Don’t use antibiotics for virus
Reduce antibiotics in livestock
17. What does MRSA refer to?
A. S. aureus bacteria that are resistant to many antibiotics
B. A collection of skin and other infections caused by a type of bacteria
C. S. aureus bacteria that are found only in humans with certain types of skin
infections
D. S. aureus bacteria that are normal residents of human skin in the vast majority of
the human population
E. All bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics
18. Over time, natural selection leads to ____________.
A. Genetic variation
B. Adaptation
C. Evolution
D. Fitness
19. The evolution of antibiotic resistance is an example of
A. Directional selection
B. Diversifying selection
C. Stabilizing selection
D. Random selection
E. Steady selection
20. What is the environmental pressure in the case of antibiotic resistance?
A. The growth rate of bacteria
B. How strong or weak the bacterial cell walls are
C. The relative fitness of different bacteria
D. The presence or absence of antibiotics in the environment
E. The temperature of the environment
21. Natural selection is
A. Nonadaptive, increases genetic diversity
B. Nonadaptive, decreases genetic diversity
C. Adaptive, increases genetic diversity
D. Adaptive, decreases genetic diversity
22. What is genetic drift?
A. Allele frequencies change due to chance events
B. Alleles move from one population to another
C. New alleles are created randomly
D. Individuals with favorable alleles reproduce
23. Explain bottleneck effect and founder effect.
Bottleneck- population suddenly reduced
Founder- small group leaves a population to start a new one
Pg 336
24. Genetic drift (reduces/increases) genetic diversity. Gene flow (increases/decreases)
genetic diversity.
25. What is the Hardy-Weinberg equation?
Pg 342
26. Explain seven ways species are reproductively isolated: pg 346
Ecological isolation
Temporal isolation
Behavioral isolation
Mechanical isolation
Gametic isolation
Hybrid inviability
Hybrid infertility
27. Genetic diversity is measured in terms of allele frequencies. A population of 3,200 mice
has 4,200 dominant G alleles and 2,200 recessive g alleles. What is the frequency of g
alleles in the population?
2,200/6,400
28. Which population has the highest genetic diversity? Each has 1,000 members.
1) 70% have A1/A1, 25% have A1/A2, 5% have A1/a
2) 50% have A1/A1, 20% have A2/A2, 10% have A1/A2, 10% have A2/a, and 10%
have a/a
3) 80% have A1/A1, 20% have A1/a
29. A bottleneck is best described as
A. An expansion of a population from a small group of founders
B. A small number of individuals leaving a population
C. A reduction in the size of an original population followed by an expansion in size as
the surviving members reproduce
D. The mixing and mingling of alleles by mating between members of different
populations
E. An example is natural selection
30. A population of ants on a median strip has 12 different alleles, A through L, of a
particular gene. A drunk driver plows across the median strip, destroying most of the
median strip and 90% of the ants. The surviving ants are all homozygous for allele H.
What is the impact of this event on the frequency of alleles A through L?
What type of event is this? Genetic drift
All alleles except the H ones will equal 0. H alleles would equal 100%
31. Which is true of non-evolving populations?
A. Allele frequencies don’t change over generations
B. Genotype frequencies don’t change over time
C. Individuals choose mates with whom they share many alleles
D. All of the above
E. A and B
32. Why is inbreeding detrimental to a population?
Passes on the recessive alleles and reduces the heterozygous alleles.
33. The biological species concept defines a species
A. On the basis of similar physical appearance
B. On the basis of close genetic relationships
C. On the basis of similar levels of genetic diversity
D. On the basis of the ability to mate and produce fertile offspring
E. On the basis of recognizing one another’s mating behaviors
34. http://www.indiana.edu/~l111/handouts/hardy.htm Hardy- Weinberg practice
35. A bird with a mating dance only attracts species of its kind, what type of reproductive
isolation is this?
A. Mechanical
B. Gametic
C. Temporal
D. Behavioral
36. A mule is a cross between a horse and a donkey, and it cannot produce offspring. What
type of reproductive isolation is this?
A. Temporal
B. Ecological
C. Hybrid in viability
D. Hybrid infertility
37. Which of the following is most likely to leave a fossil?
A. Jellyfish
B. Worm
C. Wolf
D. Sea sponge
E. All of the above
38. You are examining a column of soil that contains vertebrate fossils from deeper to
shallower layers. Would you expect a fossil with four limbs with digits to occur higher
or lower in the soil column relative to a standard fish? Why?
Fossil with limbs would be the fossil of recent organism standards. Fish would be deeper.
39. Which of the following features of Tiktaalik is not shared with other bony fishes?
A. Scales
B. Teeth
C. Mobile neck
D. Fins
E. None of the above
40. What are the similarities between an eagle wing with the structure and function of a
human arm:
Same bones and structure. Human arms have more fine motor movement.
41. What are four characteristics to a tiktaalik?
Ribs are long and sturdy to support the body on land
Pectoral fins can support their body weight
Mobile neck
Head is long and flat