UNIT ONE: CORNERSTONES OF HEALTH CARE
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Conversion Guide: Kozier to DeLaune Fundamentals of Nursing: Standards & Practice (3rd ed.) By DeLaune and Ladner, copyright 2006, Thomson Delmar Learning, ISBN 1-4018-5918-6 Fundamentals of Nursing: Concepts, Process and Practice (7th ed.) By Kozier, Erb, Berman, and Snyder. copyright 2004 Prentice Hall, ISBN 0-13-045529-6 Kozier: Fundamentals of Nursing (7th ed.) Page DeLaune & Ladner: Fundamentals of Nursing: Standards & Practice (3rd ed.) Page UNIT 1: THE NATURE OF NURSNG 1 1 CHAPTER 1: HISTORICAL AND CONTEMPORARY NURSING PRACTICE 2 HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES Women’ Roles Religion War Societal Attitudes Nursing Leaders CONTEMPORARY NURSING PRACTICE Definitions of Nursing Recipients of Nursing Scope of Nursing Settings for Nursing 3 3 3 3 4 5 7 7 8 8 9 UNIT I: NURSING’S PERSPECTIVE: PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE CHAPTER 1: EVOLUTION OF NURSING AND NURSING EDUCATION; CHAPTER 11: LEADERSHIP, ELEGATION, AND POWER EVOLUTION OF NURSING Nursing Pioneers and Leaders Religious Influences Demands of War SOCIAL FORCES AFFECTING NURSING Nursing Pioneers and Leaders PROFESSIONAL NURSING PRACTICE 58 59; 61 Nurse Practice Acts Standards of Clinical Nursing Practice ROLES AND FUNCTIONS OF THE NURSE Caregiver Communicator Teacher Client Advocate Counselor Change Agent Leader Manager Case Manager Research Consumer Expanded Career Roles CRITERIA OF A PROFESSION Specialized Education 9 9 9 10 10 10 10 10 10 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 Primary: Health Promotion and Illness Prevention HEALTH CARE SETTINGS; Table 4-3: Health Care Settings Legislative Accountability Standards of Nursing Practice. Nursing Roles Caregiver Teacher Client Advocate Counselor Change Agent 267 267 267 267 177 178 Body of Knowledge 11 Service Orientation 11 Ongoing Research 11 Code of Ethics 12 Autonomy 12 Criteria of a Profession Table 11-1: Comparison of Nursing to Criteria of a Profession Table 11-1: Comparison of Nursing to Criteria of a Profession Table 11-1: Comparison of Nursing to Criteria of a Profession Table 11-1: Comparison of Nursing to Criteria of a Profession Table 11-1: Comparison of Nursing to Criteria of a Profession Table 11-1: Comparison of Nursing to Criteria of a * Content found on referenced page. 1 2; 176 4 9 4 7 17 9 177 182 181 266 266 178 178 Kozier: Fundamentals of Nursing (7th ed.) Page Professional Organization 12 SOCIALIZATION TO NURSING Critical Values of Nursing FACTORS INFLUENCING CONTEMPORARY NURSING PRACTICE Economics Consumer Demands Family Structure Science and Technology Information and Telecommunications Legislation Demography The New Nursing Shortage Collective Bargaining Nursing Associations NURSING ORGANIZATIONS American Nurses Association Canadian Nurses Association National League for Nursing International Council of Nurses National Student Nurses’ Association International Honor Society: Sigma Theta Tau CHAPTER 2: NURSING EDUCATION AND RESEARCH 13 13 13 NURSING EDUCATION TYPES OF EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS Licensed Practical (Vocational) Nursing Programs Registered Nursing Programs Graduate Nursing Education Entry to Practice Continuing Education In-Service Education NURSING RESEARCH 22 22 22 Approaches to Nursing Research Protecting the Rights of Human Subjects The Quantitative Research Process The Qualitative Research Process Critiquing Research Reports CHAPTER 3: NURSING THEORIES AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORKS INTRODUCTION TO THEORIES IN OTHER DISCIPLINES Context for Theory Development in American Universities Defining Terms * Content found on referenced page. 13 15 15 15 15 16 16 16 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 18 18 21 DeLaune & Ladner: Fundamentals of Nursing: Standards & Practice (3rd ed.) Profession Table 11-1: Comparison of Nursing to Criteria of a Profession Social Organization Criteria of a Profession SOCIAL FORCES AFFECTING NURSING Page 178 291 177 17 Technology Changes in Nursing Education 24 Table 11-2: Professional Organizations Table 11-2: Professional Organizations Table 11-2: Professional Organizations Table 11-2: Professional Organizations Table 11-2: Professional Organizations Table 11-2: Professional Organizations 186 186 186 186 186 186 CHAPTER 1: EVOLUTION OF NURSING AND NURSING EDUCATION; CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH AND EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE NURSING EDUCATION OVERVIEW Diploma Education NURSING EDUCATION OVERVIEW 2; 47 18 21 42 22 22 48 27 28 29 30 30 34 NURSING EDUCATION OVERVIEW Master’s Programs Nontraditional Entry Level Programs Staff Development and Continuing Education Staff Development and Continuing Education RESEARCH: SUBSTANTIATING THE SCENCE OF NURSING Research Process Rights Research Process Research Process Application CHAPTER 2: NURSING THEORY 35 USE OF THEORIES FROM OTHER DISCIPLINES 29 COMPONENTS OF THE THEORETICAL FOUDATION 28 23 25 25 26 26 26 18 19 18 50 52 50 50 52 27 35 36 2 Kozier: Fundamentals of Nursing (7th ed.) Page DeLaune & Ladner: Fundamentals of Nursing: Standards & Practice (3rd ed.) Page THE METAPARADIGM FOR NURSING PURPOSES OF NURSING THEORY In Education In Research In Clinical Practice OVERVIEW OF SELECTED NURSING THEORIES Nightingale’s Environmental Theory Peplau’s Interpersonal Relations Model Henderson’s Definition of Nursing Roger’s Science of Unitary Human Beings Orem’s General Theory of Nursing King’s Goal Attainment Theory 36 37 37 37 37 37 Metaparadigm of Nursing IMPORTANCE OF NURSING THEORIES IMPORTANCE OF NURSING THEORIES IMPORTANCE OF NURSING THEORIES IMPORTANCE OF NURSING THEORIES SELECTED NURSING THEORIES 31 29 29 29 29 35 38 38 38 38 39 39 35 37 37 43 39 32 Neuman’s Systems Model 40 Roy’s Adaptation Model Leininger’s Cultural Care Diversity and Universality Theory Watson’s Human Caring Theory Parse’s Human Becoming Theory CRITIQUE OF NURSING THEORY CHAPTER 4: LEGAL ASPECTS OF NURSING GENERAL LEGAL CONCEPTS Functions of the Law in Nursing Sources of Law Types of Law Kinds of Legal Actions The Civil Judicial Process Nurses as Witnesses REGULATION OF NURSING PRACTICE Nurse Practice Acts Credentialing Standards of Care CONTRATUAL ARRANGEMENTS IN NURSING Legal Roles of Nurses Collective Bargaining SELECTED LEGAL ASPECTS OF NURSING PRACTICE Delegation Violence, Abuse, and Neglect The Americans with Disabilities Act Controlled Substances The Impaired Nurse Sexual Harassment Abortions Death and Related Issues AREAS OF POTENTIAL LIABILITY IN NURSING Crimes and Torts 41 42 Florence Nightingale Hildegard Peplau Virginia Henderson Martha Rogers Dorothea Orem Table 2-1: Chronology of Nursing Theory Development Table 2-1: Chronology of Nursing Theory Development Sister Callista Roy Table 2-1: Chronology of Nursing Theory Development Jean Watson Rosemarie Parse Continuing Evolution of Nursing Theory CHAPTER 12: LEGAL AND ETHICAL RESPONSIBILITIES LEGAL FOUNDATIONS OF NURSING LEGAL FOUNDATIONS OF NURSING Sources of Law Sources of Law Negligence and Malpractice The Judicial Process Expert Witness LEGAL RESPONSIBILITIES AND ROLES Legislative Accountability Licensure Process Standards of Nursing Practice Table 12-2: Types of Civil Law 51 52 52 LEGAL RESPONSIBILITIES AND ROLES 206 LEGAL LIABILITY IN NURSING 200 54 54 55 55 55 56 57 57 57 Delegation 190 The Americans with Disabilities Act Use of Controlled Substances The Impaired Nurse. 209 205 205 Abortion Legal Issues Related to Death LEGAL LIABILITY IN NURSING 470 210 200 57 Civil Law 199 * Content found on referenced page. 42 43 43 46 4 47 47 48 48 48 49 49 49 49 50 51 3 32 41 32 43 44 45 197 198 198 198 198 200 200 206 206 182 183 181 200 Kozier: Fundamentals of Nursing (7th ed.) Page Loss of Client Property Unprofessional Conduct LEGAL PROTECTIONS IN NURSING PRACTICE Good Samaritan Acts Professional Liability Insurance Carrying Out a Physician’s Orders Providing Competent Nursing Care Record Keeping The Incident Report REPORTING CRIMES, TORTS, AND UNSAFE PRACTICES LEGAL RESPONSIBILITIES OF STUDENTS CHAPTER 5: VALUES, ETHICS, AND ADVOCACY VALUES Values Transmission Values Clarification MORALITY AND ETHICS Moral Development Moral Frameworks Moral Principles NURSING ETHICS Nursing Code of Ethics Origins of Ethical Problems in Nursing Making Ethical Decisions Strategies to Enhance Ethical Decisions and Practice SPECIFIC ETHICAL ISSUES Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Abortion Organ Transplantation End-of-Life Issues Allocation of Health Resources Management of Computerized Information ADVOCACY The Advocate’s Role UNIT 2: CONTEMPORARY HEALTH CARE CHAPTER 6: HEALTH CARE DELIVERY SYSTEMS TYPES OF HEALTH CARE SERVICES Health Promotion and Illness Prevention Diagnosis and Treatment Rehabilitation, Health Restoration, and Palliative Care TYPES OF HEALTH CARE AGENCIES AND SERVICES Public Health Physicians’ Offices * Content found on referenced page. DeLaune & Ladner: Fundamentals of Nursing: Standards & Practice (3rd ed.) Page 61 61 61 Unprofessional Conduct Legal Safeguards for Nursing Practice 204 207 61 62 62 62 63 63 64 Good Samaritan Acts Professional Liability Insurance Executing Prescribed Orders Provider of Service Provider of Service Incident Reports. Reporting Responsibilities 209 208 206 206 206 208 207 64 Legal Responsibilities of Students 207 68 CHAPTER 12: LEGAL AND ETHICAL RESPONSIBILITIES VALUES AND ETHICS 197 Values Clarification CONCEPT OF ETHICS CONCEPT OF ETHICS ETHICAL THEORIES ETHICAL PRINCIPLES CONCEPT OF ETHICS ETHICAL CODES ETHICAL DILEMMAS ETHICAL DECISION MAKING Framework for Ethical Decision Making 216 212 212 213 213 212 216 218 222 222 77 77 Bioethics in Heath Care 212 77 79 79 80 81 81 81 87 Bioethics in Heath Care Bioethics in Heath Care Euthanasia Use of Scarce Resources 212 212 218 220 Client Advocacy Client Advocacy 221 221 88 59 89 89 89 90 CHAPTER 4: THE HEALTH CARE DELIVERY SYSTEM Levels of Care Primary: Health Promotion and Illness Prevention Secondary: Diagnosis and Treatment Tertiary: Rehabilitation 90 HEALTH CARE SETTINGS 71 90 91 Public Sector Table 4-6: Health Care Settings 60 73 69 69 70 71 72 72 72 73 73 75 76 77 4 216 70 70 70 71 Kozier: Fundamentals of Nursing (7th ed.) Page DeLaune & Ladner: Fundamentals of Nursing: Standards & Practice (3rd ed.) Page Ambulatory Care Centers Occupational Health Clinics Hospitals Extended Care (Long-Term Care) Facilities Retirement and Assisted-Living Centers Rehabilitation Centers Home Health Care Agencies Day-Care Centers Rural Care Hospice Services Crisis Centers Mutual Support and Self-Help Groups PROVIDERS OF HEALTH CARE Nurse Alternative Care Provider Case Manager Dentist Dietitian or Nutritionist Occupational Therapist Paramedical Technologist Pharmacist Physical Therapist Physician Physician Assistant Podiatrist Respiratory Therapist Social Worker Spiritual Support Person Unlicensed Assistive Personnel FACTORS AFFECTING HEALTH CARE DELIVERY Increasing Number of Elderly Advances in Technology Economics Women’s Health Uneven Distribution of Services Access to Health Care The Homeless and the Poor Demographic Changes FRAMEWORKS FOR CARE Managed Care Case Management Patient-Focused Care Differentiated Practice Shared Governance Case Method Functional Method Team Nursing Primary Nursing FINANCING HEALTH CARE Payment Sources in the United States Payment Sources in Canada 91 91 91 92 92 92 92 92 92 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 95 95 95 95 Table 4-6: Health Care Settings Table 4-6: Health Care Settings Table 4-6: Health Care Settings Table 4-6: Health Care Settings Table 4-6: Health Care Settings 73 73 73 73 73 Table 4-6: Health Care Settings 73 Table 4-6: Health Care Settings Table 4-6: Health Care Settings 73 73 HEALTH CARE TEAM Table 4-2: Health Care Providers 62 63 Table 4-2: Health Care Providers Table 4-2: Health Care Providers Table 4-2: Health Care Providers 63 63 63 Table 4-2: Health Care Providers 63 Table 4-2: Health Care Providers Table 4-2: Health Care Providers 63 63 Table 4-2: Health Care Providers Table 4-2: Health Care Providers 63 63 FACTORS INFLUENCING THE DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE Vulnerable Populations Care in the High-Tech Environment Cost Nursing Pioneers and Leaders Quality Access Vulnerable Populations Access REIMBURSEMENT METHODS Managed Care 66 Types of Nursing Management Systems 156 Case Management. Functional Nursing. Team Nursing. Primary Nursing. REIMBURSEMENT METHODS Government Plans 156 156 156 156 62 65 * Content found on referenced page. 95 95 95 96 96 96 96 97 97 97 98 98 98 98 98 100 100 100 100 100 101 5 69 178 67 9 67 67 69 67 62 62 Kozier: Fundamentals of Nursing (7th ed.) Page DeLaune & Ladner: Fundamentals of Nursing: Standards & Practice (3rd ed.) Page Insurance Plans CHAPTER 7: COMMUNITY-BASED NURSING AND CARE CONTINUITY HEALTH CARE REFORM COMMUNITY-BASED HEALTH CARE Community-Based Frameworks Community-Based Settings COMMUNITY-BASED NURSING Competencies Required for Community-Based Care Collaborative Health Care CONTINUITY OF CARE Discharge Planning Preparing Clients to Go Home Home Health Care Teaching Referrals CHAPTER 8: HEALTH PROMOTION 101 106 REIMBURSEMENT METHODS 62 107 108 109 109 111 111 Nursing’s Agenda for Health Care Reform COMMUNITY HEALTH 68 313 COMMUNITY HEALTH 313 COMMUNITY HEALTH 313 289 Healthy People 2010 DEFINING HEALTH PROMOTION SITES FOR HEALTH-PROMOTION ACTIVITIES HEALTH PROMOTION MODEL Individual Characteristics and Experiences Behavior-Specific Cognitions and Affect Commitment to a Plan of Action Behavioral Outcome STAGES OF HEALTH BEHAVIOR CHANGE Precontemplation Stage Contemplation Stage Preparation Stage Action Stage Maintenance Stage Termination Stage THE NURSE’S ROLE IN HEALTH PROMOTION THE NURSNG PROCESS AND HEALTH PROMOTION NURSING MANAGEMENT CHAPTER 9: HOME CARE HOME HEALTH NURSING Definitions of Home Nursing Unique Aspects of Home Health Nursing THE HOME HEALTH CARE SYSTEM Referral Process Home Health Agencies Private Duty Agencies Durable Medical Equipment Companies Reimbursement ROLES OF THE HOME HEALTH NURSE Advocate 119 120 121 CHAPTER 16: HEALTH AND WELLNESS PROMOTION HEALTH PROMOTION HEALTH PROMOTION Table 16-1: Theoretical Perspectives of Health 291 HEALTH BEHAVIORS 293 Nurse’s Role in Health Promotion 297 CHAPTER 5: CRITICAL THINKING AND THE NURSING PROCESS 79 * Content found on referenced page. 111 113 113 114 114 114 118 123 123 124 124 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 127 128 140 141 141 141 142 142 142 142 142 142 143 143 6 295 295 Kozier: Fundamentals of Nursing (7th ed.) Page Caregiver Educator Case Manager or Coordinator PERSPECTIVES OF HOME CARE CLIENTS SELECTED DIMENSIONS OF HOME HEALTH NURSING Client Safety Nurse Safety Infection Control Caregiver Support APPLYING THE NURSING PROCESS IN THE HOME NURSING MANAGEMENT THE FUTURE OF HOME HEALTH CARE CHAPTER 10: NURSING INFORMATICS 143 143 143 143 144 GENERAL CONCEPTS Computer Hardware Computer Software Computer Systems COMPUTERS IN NURSING EDUCATION Teaching and Learning Testing Student and Course Record Management COMPUTERS IN NURSING PRACTICE Documentation of Client Status and Medical Record Keeping Electronic Access to Client Data Practice Management Specific Applications of Computers in Nursing Practice COMPUTERS IN NURSING ADMINISTRATION Human Resources Medical Records Management Facilities Management Budget and Finance Quality Assurance and Utilization Reviews Accreditation COMPUTERS IN NURSING RESEARCH Problem Identification Literature Review Research Design Data Collection and Analysis Research Dissemination Research Grants UNIT 3: HEALTH BELIEFS AND PRACTICES CHAPTER 11: HEALTH, WELLNESS, AND ILLNESS CONCEPTS OF HEALTH, WELLNESS, AND WELL-BEING 154 154 154 156 157 157 158 158 159 159 * Content found on referenced page. DeLaune & Ladner: Fundamentals of Nursing: Standards & Practice (3rd ed.) Page CHAPTER 13: DOCUMENTATION AND INFORMATICS 225 Computerized Documentation 238 CHAPTER 16: HEALTH AND WELLNESS PROMOTION HEALTH, ILLNESS AND, WELLNESS 289 144 145 145 145 146 146 149 153 161 163 164 164 164 164 164 164 164 165 165 165 165 165 165 165 166 169 170 171 7 290 Kozier: Fundamentals of Nursing (7th ed.) Page DeLaune & Ladner: Fundamentals of Nursing: Standards & Practice (3rd ed.) Page Health Personal Definitions of Health Wellness and Well-Being MODELS OF HEALTH AND WELLNESS Clinical Model Role Performance Model Adaptive Model Eudemonistic Model Agent-Host-Environment Model Health-Illness Continua VARIABLES INFLUENCING HEALTH STATUS, BELIEFS, AND PRACTICES Internal Variables External Variables HEALTH BELIEF MODELS Health Locus of Control Model Rosenstock’s and Becker’s Health Belief Models HEALTH CARE ADHERENCE ILLNESS AND DISEASE Illness Behaviors Effects of Illness CHAPTER 12: INDIVIDUAL, FAMILY, AND COMMUNITY HEALTH INDIVIDUAL HEALTH Concept of Individuality Concept of Holism Concept of Homeostasis Assessing the Health of Individuals FAMILY HEALTH Functions of the Family Types of Families in Today’s Society NURSING MANAGEMENT APPLYING THEORETICAL FRAMEWORKS TO INDIVIDUALS AND FAMILIES Needs Theories Developmental Stage Theories Systems Theories Structural-Functional Theories COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING MANAGEMENT CHAPTER 13: CULTURE AND ETHNICITY NATIONAL STANDARDS FOR CULTURALLY AND LINGUISTICALLY APPROPRIATE SERVICES IN HEALTH CARE Demographic Change Immigration CULTUTRALCARE NURSING CONCEPTS RELATED TO 171 171 172 173 173 173 173 174 174 174 176 Models of Health HEALTH, ILLNESS, AND WELLNESS Wellness Perspectives Models of Health Models of Health Models of Health Models of Health Models of Health Models of Health Models of Health Family Influences on Health Care 290 290 292 290 290 290 290 290 290 290 291 176 177 178 179 179 Variables Influencing Health Behaviors Variables Influencing Health Behaviors HEALTH BEHAVIORS Locus of Control Table 16-1: Theoretical Perspectives of Health 293 293 293 293 291 Illness Perspectives Illness Perspectives STRESS AND ILLNESS CHAPTER 17: FAMILY AND COMMUNITY HEALTH 292 292 450 306 HOLISM AND NURSING PRACTICE STRESS, ANXIETY, AND ADAPTATION 868 445 FAMILY HEALTH Family Roles and Functions Family Structure 307 308 307 NEEDS AND HEALTH Family Development Theories 268 309 COMMUNITY HEALTH 313 CHAPTER 20: CULTURAL DIVERSITY 387 Multiculturalism in the United States 390 Transcultural Nursing CONCEPTS OF CULTURE 400 388 * Content found on referenced page. 180 182 182 183 187 188 188 188 188 190 190 191 191 192 196 196 198 198 199 199 199 203 206 207 207 207 207 8 Kozier: Fundamentals of Nursing (7th ed.) CULTURALCARE NURSING Subculture Bicultural Diversity Acculturation Assimilation Race Prejudice Stereotyping Discrimination Culture Shock HERITAGE CONSISTENCY Culture Ethnicity Religion Socialization HEALTH TRADITIONS Interrelated Aspects Symbolic Examples SELECTED PARAMETERS FOR CULTURALCARE NURSING Health Beliefs and Practices Family Patterns Communication Style Space Orientation Time Orientation Nutritional Patterns PROVIDING CULTURALCARE Page DeLaune & Ladner: Fundamentals of Nursing: Standards & Practice (3rd ed.) Page Value of Diversity Dominant Values in the United States Dominant Values in the United States Ethnicity and Race 390 389 389 388 Labeling and Stereotyping 389 Culture Ethnicity and Race Religion 388 388 397 Assessment 404 Religion Family Communication Space Orientation to Time 397 396 391 391 391 CULTURAL COMPETENCE AND NURSING PROCESS CULTURAL COMPETENCE AND NURSING PROCESS CHAPTER 31: COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MODALITIES 403 224 * 865 224 225 CONTEMPORARY TRENDS HOLISM AND NURSING PRACTICE 867 868 226 226 226 227 The Nature of Healing 869 Mind-Body Medicine and Research COMPLEMENTARY ANDALTERNATIVE INTERVENTIONS Energetic-Touch Healing Mind-Body: Self-Regulatory Techniques Aromatherapy Healing Prayer COMPLEMENTARY/ALTERNATIVE INTERVENTIONS Acupuncture Chiropractic 868 869 208 208 208 208 208 208 208 208 209 209 209 209 209 209 210 210 210 211 211 211 212 213 214 215 215 215 NURSING MANAGEMENT 215 CHAPTER 14: COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE HEALING MODALITITES CULTURE AND THE EVOLUTION OF TERMS CAM USE IN THE UNITED STATES CONCEPTS OF HOLISM AND HOLISTIC NURSING CONCEPTS OF HEALING Dossey’s Eras of Medicine The Bodymind or Minded Body HEALING MODALITIES 223 Touch Therapies Mind-Body Therapies Aromatherapy Transpersonal Therapies ALTERNATIVE MEDICAL THERAPIES 227 229 234 235 235 Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine Chiropractic 235 236 * Content found on referenced page. 9 403 864 872 869 883 878 869 875 872 Kozier: Fundamentals of Nursing (7th ed.) Page DeLaune & Ladner: Fundamentals of Nursing: Standards & Practice (3rd ed.) Page Herbal Medicine Homeopathy Naturopathy UNIT 4: THE NURSING PROCESS 236 236 238 243 Herbal Therapy 880 77 CHAPTER 15: CRITICAL THINKING AND THE NURSING PROCESS CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS IN CRITICAL THINKING ATTITUDES THAT FOSTER CRITICAL THINKING Independence of Thought Fair-Mindedness Insight into Egocentricity and Sociocentricity Intellectual Humility and Suspension of Judgment Intellectual Courage Integrity Perseverance Confidence in Reason Interest in Exploring Both Thoughts and Feelings Curiosity STANDARDS AND ELEMENTS OF CRITICAL THINKING APPLYING CRITICAL THINKING TO NURSING PRACTICE Problem Solving Decision Making DEVELOPING CRITICAL-THINKING ATTITUDES AND SKILLS Self-Assessment Tolerating Dissonance and Ambiguity Seeking Situations Were Good Thinking Is Practiced Creating Environments that Support Critical Thinking CHAPTER 16: ASSESSING OVERVIEW OF THE NURSING PROCESS Phases of the Nursing Process Characteristics of the Nursing Process ASSESSING COLLECTING DATA Types of Data Sources of Data Data Collection Methods ORGANIZING DATA Nursing Conceptual Models Wellness Models Nonnursing Models VALIDATING DATA DOCUMENTING DATA 244 UNIT II: NURSING PROCESS: THE STANDARD OF CARE CHAPTER 5: CRITICAL THINKING AND THE NURSING PROCESS CRITICAL THINKING Development of Critical Thinking Skills Attitudes Attitudes 86 249 249 Components of Critical Thinking 85 249 CRITICAL THINKING APPLIED IN NURSING 96 250 251 252 Critical Thinking and Problem Solving Critical Thinking and Decision Making Development of Critical Thinking Skills 88 88 86 253 253 253 Development of Critical Thinking Skills Development of Critical Thinking Skills Development of Critical Thinking Skills 86 86 86 253 Development of Critical Thinking Skills 86 256 257 257 257 261 261 262 264 265 269 269 272 272 274 274 CHAPTER 6: ASSESSMENT Overview of the Nursing Process THE NURSING PROCESS Overview of the Nursing Process CHAPTER 6: ASSESSMENT DATA COLLECTION Types of Data Sources of Data Methods of Data Collection DATA ORGANIZATION Nursing Models 98 89 89 89 98 100 101 101 102 107 107 Nonnursing Models DATA VERIFICATION DATA DOCUMENTATION 108 107 109 * Content found on referenced page. 245 246 247 247 247 247 247 84 85 86 86 247 248 248 248 248 10 Kozier: Fundamentals of Nursing (7th ed.) Page DeLaune & Ladner: Fundamentals of Nursing: Standards & Practice (3rd ed.) Page CHAPTER 17: DIAGNOSING NANDA NURSING DIAGNOSES Definitions Types of Nursing Diagnoses Components of a NANDA Nursing Diagnosis THE DIAGNOSTIC PROCESS Analyzing Data Identifying Health Problems, Risks, and Strengths FORMULATING DIAGNOSTIC STATEMENTS Avoiding Errors in Diagnostic Reasoning 277 278 279 279 279 281 282 283 CHAPTER 7: NURSING DIAGNOSIS WHAT IS A NURSING DIAGNOSIS? WHAT IS A NURSING DIAGNOSIS? CATEGORIES OF NUSING DIAGNOSES COMPONENTS OF A NURSING DIAGNOSIS COMPONENTS OF A NURSING DIAGNOSIS Overview of the Nursing Process CATEGORIES OF NURSING DIAGNOSES 119 120 120 126 125 125 89 126 285 Writing the Nursing Diagnosis Statement 130 288 AVOIDING ERRORS IN DEVELOPING A NURSING DIAGNOSIS 130 ONGOING DEVELOPMENT OF NURSING OBJECTIVES CHAPTER 18: PLANNING 289 136 TYPES OF PLANNING Initial Planning Ongoing Planning Discharge Planning DEVELOPING NURSING CARE PLANS Standardized Approaches to Care Planning 293 293 293 294 294 294 Formats for Nursing Care Plans 296 Multidisciplinary (Collaborative) Care Plans Guidelines for Writing Nursing Care Plans THE PLANNING PROCESS 298 298 299 Setting Priorities Establishing Client Goals/Desired Outcomes Selecting Nursing Interventions and Activities Writing Nursing Orders Delegating Implementation THE NURSING INTERVENTIONS CLASSIFICATION CHAPTER 19: IMPLEMENTING AND EVALUATING IMPLEMETING Relationship of Implementation to Other Nursing Process Phase Implementing Skills Process of Implementing EVALUATING Relationship of Evaluating to Other Nursing Process Phases Process of Evaluating Client Responses Evaluating the Quality of Nursing Care CHAPTER 20: DOCUMENTING AND REPORTING ETHICAL AND LEGAL CONSIDERATIONS 299 299 305 306 307 307 CHAPTER 8: PLANNING AND OUTCOME IDENTIFICATION Planning Nursing Interventions Planning Nursing Interventions Planning Nursing Interventions Planning Nursing Interventions PLAN OF CARE STRATEGIES FOR EFFECTIVE CARE PLANNING STRATEGIES FOR EFFECTIVE CARE PLANNING Categories of Nursing Interventions PLAN OF CARE PROCESS OF PLANNING AND OUTCOME IDENTIFICATION Establishing Priorities Establishing Goals and Expected Outcomes STRATGIES FOR EFFECTIVE CARE PLANNING PLAN OF CARE NURSING OUTCOMES CLASSIFICATION (NOC) 146 315 CHAPTER 9: IMPLEMENTATION 151 316 316 PURPOSES OF IMPLEMENTATION Reflective Thinking Relationship between Assessment and Implementation IMPLEMENTATION ACTIVITIES IMPLEMENTATION ACTIVITIES CHAPTER 10: EVALUATION EVALUATION OF CLIENT CARE 152 153 METHODS OF EVALUATION EVALUATION AND QUALITY OF CARE CHAPTE 13: DOCUMENTATION AND INFORMATICS Legal and Practice Standards 167 168 225 * Content found on referenced page. 292 316 317 318 319 319 321 328 329 11 143 143 143 143 141 148 148 144 141 137 138 139 148 147 153 153 165 166 229 Kozier: Fundamentals of Nursing (7th ed.) Page Ensuring Confidentiality of Computer Records PURPOSES OF CLIENT RECORDS Communication Planning Client Care Auditing Health Agencies Research Education Reimbursement Legal Documentation Health Care Analysis DOCUMENTATION SYSTEMS Source-Oriented Record Problem-Oriented Medical Record PIE Focus Charting® Charting by Exception Computerized Documentation Case Management DOCUMENTING NURSING ACTIVITIES Admission Nursing Assessment Nursing Care Plans Kardexes® Flowsheets Progress Notes Nursing Discharge/Referral Summaries LONG-TERM CARE DOCUMENTATION HOME CARE DOCUMENTATION GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR RECORDING 329 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 333 334 335 335 335 337 337 338 339 339 339 339 340 341 341 Date and Time Timing Legibility Permanence Accepted Terminology 342 342 342 342 342 Correct Spelling Signature Accuracy Sequence Appropriateness Completeness Conciseness Legal Prudence REPORTING Change-of-Shift Reports Telephone Reports Telephone Orders Care Plan Conference Nursing Rounds UNIT 5: LIFE SPAN DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER 21: CONCEPTS OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT 342 342 342 344 344 344 344 344 344 344 345 346 346 346 351 352 * Content found on referenced page. DeLaune & Ladner: Fundamentals of Nursing: Standards & Practice (3rd ed.) Page Purposes of Health Care Documentation Communication 227 227 Research Education Reimbursement Legal and Practice Standards 229 227 231 229 METHODS OF DOCUMENTATION Source-Oriented Charting Problem-Oriented Charting PIE Charting Focus Charting Charting by Exception Computerized Documentation Case Management Process FORMS FOR RECORDING DATA 234 235 235 236 236 236 238 237 238 PLAN OF CARE Kardex Flow Sheets Nurses’s Progress Notes Discharge Summary 141 238 238 238 238 PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE DOCUMENTATION Organization Organization Legibility Box: General Documentation Guidelines Use of Common Vocabulary; Abbreviations and Symbols Accuracy Box: General Documentation Guidelines Accuracy Box: General Documentation Guidelines Box: General Documentation Guidelines Box: General Documentation Guidelines Box: General Documentation Guidelines Confidentiality REPORTING Summary Reports Telephone Reports and Orders Telephone Reports and Orders 231 Walking Rounds 248 CHAPTER 18: THE LIFE CYCLE 316 12 234 234 233 232 233 234 232 234 232 232 232 232 234 247 248 249 249 Kozier: Fundamentals of Nursing (7th ed.) Page DeLaune & Ladner: Fundamentals of Nursing: Standards & Practice (3rd ed.) Page FACTORS INFLUENCING GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT STAGES OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT THEORIES Developmental Task Theory (Havighurst, 1900-1991) Psychosocial Theories Cognitive Theory (Piaget, 1896-1980) Moral Theories Spiritual Theories APPLYING GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT CONCEPTS TO NURSING PRACTICE CHAPTER 22: PROMOTING HEALTH FROM CONCEPTION THROUGH ADOLESCENCE CONCEPTION AND PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT Health Promotion NEONATES AND INFANTS (BIRTH TO 1 YEAR) Physical Development 354 Factors Influencing Growth and Development 318 354 Principles of Growth and Development 317 355 319 355 THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT Intrapsychic Theory 355 359 360 362 364 Physiological Dimension Cognitive Dimension Moral Dimension Spiritual Dimension HOLISTIC FRAMEWORK FOR NURSING 319 321 323 300 325 368 CHAPTER 18: THE LIFE CYCLE 316 369 Prenatal Period 326 369 370 Wellness Promotion. Neonatal Period; Infancy 370 Psychosocial Development 373 Cognitive Development 373 Moral Development 374 Health Problems 374 Table 18-12: Neonate: Growth and Development; Table 18-15: Infant: Growth and Development Table 18-12: Neonate: Growth and Development; Table 18-15: Infant: Growth and Development Table 18-12: Neonate: Growth and Development; Table 18-15: Infant: Growth and Development Table 18-12: Neonate: Growth and Development; Table 18-15: Infant: Growth and Development Wellness Promotion. Health Assessment and Promotion 375 Safety Considerations. TODDLERS (1 TO 3 YEARS) Physical Development Psychosocial Development Cognitive Development Moral Development Spiritual Development Health Problems Health Assessment and Promotion PRESCHOOLERS (4 AND 5 YEARS) Physical Development Psychosocial Development Cognitive Development Moral Development Spiritual Development Health Problems Health Assessment and Promotion SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN (6 TO 12 376 376 377 377 378 378 378 378 378 378 380 381 381 381 382 382 382 Toddler Table 18-16: Toddler: Growth and Development Table 18-16: Toddler: Growth and Development Table 18-16: Toddler: Growth and Development Table 18-16: Toddler: Growth and Development Table 18-15: Toddler: Growth and Development Wellness Promotion. Safety Considerations. Preschooler Table 18-17: Preschooler: Growth and Development Table 18-17: Preschooler: Growth and Development Table 18-17: Preschooler: Growth and Development Table 18-17: Preschooler: Growth and Development Table 18-17: Preschooler: Growth and Development Wellness Promotion. Safety Considerations. School-Age Child 327 329; 32 330; 334 330; 334 330; 334 330; 334 327; 332 331; 336 336 337 337 337 337 337 338 339 339 340 340 340 340 340 339 340 341 * Content found on referenced page. 13 320 Kozier: Fundamentals of Nursing (7th ed.) Page DeLaune & Ladner: Fundamentals of Nursing: Standards & Practice (3rd ed.) Page YEARS) Physical Development 382 342 Psychosocial Development 382 Cognitive Development 384 Moral Development 384 Spiritual Development 384 Health Problems Health Assessment and Promotion ADOLESCENCE (12 TO 18 YEARS) Physical Development 384 385 385 386 Psychosocial Development 387 Cognitive Development 388 Moral Development 388 Spiritual Development 389 Health Problems Health Assessment and Promotion CHAPTER 23: PROMOTING HEALTH IN ADULTS AND OLDER ADULTS YOUNG ADULTS (20 TO 40 YEARS) Physical Development Psychosocial Development Cognitive Development Moral Development Spiritual Development Health Problems Health Assessment and Promotion MIDDLE-AGED ADULS (40 TO 65 YEARS) Physical Development 389 389 393 Table 18-18: School-Age Child: Growth and Development Table 18-18: School-Age Child: Growth and Development Table 18-18: School-Age Child: Growth and Development Table 18-18: School-Age Child: Growth and Development Table 18-18: School-Age Child: Growth and Development Wellness Promotion. Safety Considerations. Adolescent Table 18-19: Preadolescent and Adolescent: Growth and Development Table 18-19: Preadolescent and Adolescent: Growth and Development Table 18-19: Preadolescent and Adolescent: Growth and Development Table 18-19: Preadolescent and Adolescent: Growth and Development Table 18-19: Preadolescent and Adolescent: Growth and Development Wellness Promotion. Safety Considerations. CHAPTER 18: THE LIFE CYCLE 350 351 351 351 351 351 354 354 354 356 Psychosocial Development 398 Cognitive Development 400 Moral Development 400 Spiritual Development 400 Health Problems Health Assessment and Promotion OLDER ADULTS (OVER 65 YEARS) 400 401 401 Young Adult Table 18-23: Young Adult: Growth and Development Table 18-23: Young Adult: Growth and Development Table 18-23: Young Adult: Growth and Development Table 18-23: Young Adult: Growth and Development Table 18-23: Young Adult: Growth and Development Wellness Promotion. Safety Considerations. Middle-Aged Adult Table 18-26: Middle Adult: Growth and Development Table 18-26: Middle Adult: Growth and Development Table 18-26: Middle Adult: Growth and Development Table 18-26: Middle Adult: Growth and Development Table 18-26: Middle Adult: Growth and Development Wellness Promotion. Safety Considerations. Older Adult; CHAPTER 19: THE OLDER ADULT Physical Changes 401 Physiological Changes * Content found on referenced page. 394 394 394 395 395 395 396 397 398 398 14 342 342 342 342 341 341 346 344 344 344 344 344 347 349 316 356 356 356 356 358 358 358; 365 369 Kozier: Fundamentals of Nursing (7th ed.) Page DeLaune & Ladner: Fundamentals of Nursing: Standards & Practice (3rd ed.) Page Psychosocial Development Cognitive Development Moral Development Spiritual Development Health Problems Health Assessment and Promotion CONIDERATIONS FOR ADULTS OF ALL AGES Health Promotion Culture Developmental Nursing Considerations UNIT 6: INTEGRAL ASPECTS OF NURSING CHAPTER 24: CARING, COMFORTING, AND COMMUNICATNG CARING 406 409 410 410 410 412 413 Psychosocial Changes Table 18-27: Older Adult: Growth and Development Table 18-27: Older Adult: Growth and Development Table 18-27: Older Adult: Growth and Development Wellness Promotion. Safety Considerations. Throughout Chapter 374 360 360 360 359 363 413 413 413 417 Throughout Chapter Throughout Chapter Throughout Chapter 418 CHAPTER 15: COMMUNICATION 269 419 CARE IN THE HIGH-TECHNOLOGY ENVIRONMENT 258 COMFORTING The Comforting Process Comfort Comfort Measures COMMUNICATING The Communication Process Modes of Communication Factors Influencing the Communication Process Therapeutic Communication Barriers to Communication THE HELPING RELATIONSHIP Phases of the Helping Relationship Developing Helping Relationships GROUP COMMUNICATION Group Dynamics Types of Health Care Groups COMMUNICATION AND THE NURSING PROCESS NURSING MANAGEMENT 419 420 420 420 420 421 423 426 THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS MODES OF COMMUNICATION Factors Influencing Communication 270 270 274 272 Therapeutic Communication BARRIERS TO THERAPEUTIC INTERACTION 277 280 Group Level Group Level Table 15-4: Types of Groups COMMUNICATION, CRITICAL THINKING, AND NURSING PROCESS Assessment; Nursing Diagnosis; Planning and Outcome Identification; Implementation; Evaluation 273 273 275 285 CHAPTER 25: TEACHING TEACHING Teaching Clients and Their Families Teaching in the Community Teaching Health Personnel LEARNING Learning Theories Using Learning Theories Factors Affecting Learning 445 446 446 447 447 447 448 449 449 NURSE AS EDUCATOR 451 NURSING MANAGEMENT 452 * Content found on referenced page. 428 429 429 429 435 435 435 435 437 437 CHAPTER 21: CIENT EDUCATION THE TEACHING-LEARNING PROCESS Learning Throughout the Life Cycle 285; 286; 288 409 410 414 THE TEACHING-LEARNING PROCESS Table 21-2: Overview of Learning Theories Purposes of Client Teaching Facilitators of Learning; Barriers to Learning 410 411 410 411; 412 Assessment; Nursing Diagnosis; Planning and 419; 15 Kozier: Fundamentals of Nursing (7th ed.) Page DOCUMENTING CHAPTER 26: DELEGATING, MANAGING, AND LEADING THE NURSE AS DELEGATOR THE NURSE AS LEADER AND MANAGER LEADERSHIP Leadership Theory Effective Leadership MANAGEMENT Levels of Management Management Functions Principles of Management Skills and Competencies of Nurse-Managers CHANGE Types of Change Models of Change UNIT 7: ASSESSING HEALTH 466 469 CHAPTER 27: VITAL SIGNS 484 BODY TEMPERATURE Regulation of Body Temperature 485 487 Factors Affecting Body Temperature Alterations in Body Temperature Assessing Body Temperature Procedure 27-1: Assessing Body Temperature PULSE Factors Affecting Pulse Rate Pulse Sites Assessing the Pulse Procedure 27-2: Assessing a Peripheral Pulse Procedure 27-3: Assessing an Apical Pulse Procedure 27-4: Assessing an Apical-Radial Pulse RESPIRATIONS Mechanics and Regulation of Breathing Assessing Respirations Factors Affecting Respirations Procedure 27-5: Assessing Respirations BLOOD PRESSURE Determinants of Blood Pressure Factors Affecting Blood Pressure Hypertension Hypotension Assessing Blood Pressure Common Errors in Assessing Blood Pressure Procedure 27-6: Assessing Blood Pressure OXYGEN SATURATION 487 488 490 493 496 496 497 498 499 501 503 * Content found on referenced page. 470 471 473 473 475 476 476 476 477 477 478 478 478 483 505 505 505 506 508 509 509 510 510 511 511 514 515 517 DeLaune & Ladner: Fundamentals of Nursing: Standards & Practice (3rd ed.) Page Outcome Identification; Implementation; Evaluation; 422; 424; 425 413 176 Documentation CHAPTER 11: LEADERSHIP, DELEATION, AND POWER LEADERSHIP IN NURSING LEADERSHIP IN NURSING Leadership Styles Persuasiveness and Influence Managerial Functions 188 188 188 192 188 Managerial Functions 188 STRESS AND CHANGE***** Types of Change****** Theories of Change***** UNIT VI: DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTIONS CHAPTER 26: VITAL SIGNS AND PHYSICAL ASSESSMENT Assessment Thermoregulation; Table 26-9: Alterations in Thermoregulation Table 26-6: Factors Influencing Vital Signs Nursing Process and Thermoregulation Assessing Body Temperature. Procedure 26-1: Measuring Body Temperature Pulse Table 26-6: Factors Influencing Vital Signs Sites Assessing Pulse Rates Procedure 27-2: Assessing Pulse Rate Procedure 27-2: Assessing Pulse Rate Procedure 27-2: Assessing Pulse Rate 396 397 397 531 Respiration Respiration Assessing Respirations FACTORS INFLUENCING VITAL SIGNS Procedure 27-3: Assessing Respirations Blood Pressure Blood Pressure Table 26-6: Factors Influencing Vital Signs Hypertension. Hypotension. Assessing Blood Pressure Assessing Blood Pressure Procedure 27-4: Assessing Blood Pressure 525 525 525 510 539 526 526 513 529 528 527 527 541 16 505 519 507; 523 513 519 520 530 523 513 523 523 536 536 536 Kozier: Fundamentals of Nursing (7th ed.) Page Factors Affecting Oxygen Saturation Readings Procedure 27-7: Measuring Oxygen Saturation CHAPTER 28: HEALTH ASSESSMENT PHYSICAL HEALTH ASSESSMENT Preparing the Client Preparing the Environment Positioning Draping Instrumentation Methods of Examining GENERAL SURVEY Appearance and Behavior Procedure 28-1: Assessing General Appearance and Mental Status Vital Signs Height and Weight THE INTEGUMENT Skin Procedure 28-2: Assessing the Skin 518 518 523 524 525 526 526 526 526 526 531 531 531 Hair Procedure 28-3: Assessing the Hair 540 541 Nails Procedure 28-4: Assessing the Nails 542 542 THE HEAD Skull and Face Procedure 28-5: Assessing the Skull and Face 544 544 544 The Eyes and Vision Procedure 28-6: Assessing the Eye Structure and Visual Acuity The Ears and Hearing Procedure 28-7: Assessing the Ears and Hearing Nose and Sinuses Procedure 28-8:Assessing the Nose and Sinuses Mouth and Oropharynx Procedure 28-9: Assessing the Mouth and Oropharynx NECK Procedure 28-10: Assessing the Neck 545 547 THORAX AND LUNGS Chest Landmarks 571 571 Chest Shape and Size 573 Breath Sounds Procedure 28-11: Assessing the Thorax and 573 575 * Content found on referenced page. 534 534 535 535 538 554 555 559 561 562 563 566 568 DeLaune & Ladner: Fundamentals of Nursing: Standards & Practice (3rd ed.) Page CHAPTER 27: PHYSICAL ASSESSMENT PHYSICAL EXAMINATION Preparation Environment Positioning and Draping Positioning and Draping Equipment Techniques General Survey General Survey 548 548 549 549 549 549 549 553 549 549 VITAL SIGNS Measurement of Height and Weight Integument Skin Table 27-3: Assessment of Integumentary System: Normal and Key Findings Hair Table 27-3: Assessment of Integumentary System: Normal and Key Findings Nails Table 27-3: Assessment of Integumentary System: Normal and Key Findings Head and Neck Skull and Face Table 27-7: Assessment of Head and Neck: Normal and Key Findings Eyes Table 27-7: Assessment of Head and Neck: Normal and Key Findings Ears Table 27-7: Assessment of Head and Neck: Normal and Key Findings Nose and Sinuses Table 27-7: Assessment of Head and Neck: Normal and Key Findings Mouth and Pharynx Table 27-7: Assessment of Head and Neck: Normal and Key Findings Neck Table 27-7: Assessment of Head and Neck: Normal and Key Findings Thorax and Lungs Thorax and Lungs; Figure 27-21: Landmarks of the Thorax Table 27-8: Assessment of Thorax and Lungs: Normal and Key Findings Thorax and Lungs Table 27-8: Assessment of Thorax and Lungs: 506 514 554 554 556 17 555 556 555 556 555 559 563 559 563 559 563 561 563 561 563 563 563 575 575; 576 578 575 578 Kozier: Fundamentals of Nursing (7th ed.) Lungs CARDIOVASCULAR AND PERIPHERAL VASCUALR SYSTEMS Heart Central Vessels Page 580 580 591 DeLaune & Ladner: Fundamentals of Nursing: Standards & Practice (3rd ed.) Normal and Key Findings Heart and Vascular System 576 576 584 602 603 603 603 603 603 603 604 Heart Table 27-9: Assessment of Heart and Vascular System: Normal and Key Findings Table 27-9: Assessment of Heart and Vascular System: Normal and Key Findings Vascular System Table 27-9: Assessment of Heart and Vascular System: Normal and Key Findings Breasts and Axillae Table 27-10: Assessment of Breasts and Axillae: Normal and Key Findings Abdomen Table 27-11: Assessment of Abdomen: Normal and Key Findings Musculoskeletal System Table 27-15: Assessment of Musculoskeletal System: Normal and Key Findings Neurologic System Mental Status Level of Consciousness. Cranial Nerves Assessment Reflex Assessment Motor Assessment Sensory Assessment Table 27-16: Neurologic Screening Assessment 615 Female Genitalia and Anus 594 615 597 674 680 675 675 675 Procedure 28-12: Assessing the Heart and Central Vessels Peripheral Vascular System Procedure 28-13: Assessing the Peripheral Vascular System BREASTS AND AXILLAE Procedure 28-14: Assessing the Breasts and Axillae ABDOMEN Procedure 28-15: Assessing the Abdomen 582 MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM Procedure 28-16: Assessing the Musculoskeletal System NEUROLOGIC SYSTEM Mental Status Level of Consciousness Cranial Nerves Reflexes Motor Function Sensory Function Procedure 28-17: Assessing the Neurologic System FEMALE GENITALS AND INGUINAL AREA Procedure 28-18: Assessing the Female Genitals and Inguinal Area MALE GENITALS AND INGUINAL AREA Procedure 28-19: Assessing The Male Genitals and Inguinal Area RECTUM AND ANUS Procedure 28-20: Assessing the Rectum and Anus 599 600 UNIT 8: INTEGRAL COMPONENTS OF CLIENT CARE CHAPTER 29: ASEPSIS 627 TYPES OF MICROORGANISMS CAUSING INFECTONS TYPES OF INFECTIONS NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS CHAIN OF INFECTION Etiologic Agent Reservoir 630 Table 27-12: Assessment of Female External Genitalia and Anus: Normal and Key Findings Male Genitalia, Anus, and Rectum Table 27-14: Assessment of Male Genitalia, Anus, and Rectum: Normal and Key Findings Male Genitalia, Anus, and Rectum Table 27-18: Assessment of Female External Genitalia and Anus: Normal and Key Findings; Table 27-19: Assessment of Male Genitalia, Anus, and Rectum: Normal and Key Findings UNI VII: NURSING MANAGEMENT OF BASIC NEEDS CHAPTER 29: SAFETY, INFECTION CONTROL, AND HYGIENE Pathogens, Infection, and Colonization 630 631 631 631 632 Pathogens, Infection, and Colonization Nosocomial Infections Chain of Infection Agent, Host, and Environment Agent, Host, and Environment * Content found on referenced page. Page 586 586 588 589 592 593 618 619 622 622 628 18 584 583 584 583 589 593 595 598 603 601 601 605 607 609 607 605 606 594 599 609 611; 613 777 668 674 Kozier: Fundamentals of Nursing (7th ed.) Page DeLaune & Ladner: Fundamentals of Nursing: Standards & Practice (3rd ed.) Page Portal of Exit from Reservoir Method of Transmission Portal of Entry to the Susceptible Host Susceptible Host BODY DENFENSES AGAINST INFECTION Nonspecific Defenses Specific Defenses FACTORS INCREASING SUSCEPTIBILITY TO INFECTION NURSING MANAGEMENTASSESSING 632 633 633 633 633 633 635 635 Agent, Host, and Environment Agent, Host, and Environment Agent, Host, and Environment Agent, Host, and Environment Normal Defense Mechanisms Nonspecific Immune Defense Specific Immune Defense Normal Defense Mechanisms 675 675 675 675 676 677 677 676 638 ASSESSMENT; NURSING DIAGNOSIS; OUTCOME IDENTIFICATION AND PLANNING; IMPLEMENTATION; EVALUATION Procedure 29-1: Hand Washing Supporting Defenses of a Susceptible Host Cleaning, Disinfecting, and Sterilizing 644 644 646 Procedure 29-2: Handwashing: Visibly Soiled Hands Practice Standard and Isolation Precautions Cleansing, Disinfection, Sterilization ISOLATION PRECAUTIONS CDC (HICPAC) Isolation Precautions (1996: updated 1997) Compromised Clients ISOLATION PRACTICES Personal Protective Equipment Procedure 29-2: Donning and Removing Personal Protective Equipment (Gloves, Gown, Mask, Eyewear) Disposal of Soiled Equipment and Supplies Psychosocial Needs of Isolation Clients 648 648 Practice Standard and Isolation Precautions Practice Standard and Isolation Precautions 682; 686; 687; 689; 713 718 701 820; 821 701 701 650 650 650 651 Practice Standard and Isolation Precautions Practice Standard and Isolation Precautions Practice Standard and Isolation Precautions Procedure 29-4: Donning and Removing Clean and Contaminated Gloves, Cap, and Mask 701 701 701 724 654 654 Practice Standard and Isolation Precautions Nursing Checklist: Psychological Interventions for Clients Requiring Isolation Precautions 701 705 STERILE TECHNIQUES Sterile Field Procedure 29-3: Establishing and Maintaining a Sterile Field Sterile Gloves Procedure 29-4: Donning and Removing Sterile Gloves (Open Method) Sterile Gowns Procedure 29-5: Donning a Sterile Gown and Sterile Gloves (Closed Method) INFECTION CONTROL FOR HEALTH CARE WORKERS ROLE OF THE INFECTION CONTROL NURSE CHAPTER 30: SAFETY 655 655 657 Donning Sterile Gloves. Procedure 29-3: Applying Sterile Gloves via the Open Method Donning Surgical Attire. Procedure 29-6: Applying Sterile Gloves and Gown via the Closed Method 698 720 668 FACTORS AFFECTING SAFETY Age and Development Lifestyle Mobility and Health Status Sensory-Perceptual Alterations Cognitive Awareness 670 670 670 670 671 671 CHAPTER 29: SAFETY, INFECTION CONTROL, AND HYGIENE FACTORS AFFECTING SAFETY Age Lifestyle Mobility Sensory and Perceptual Alterations * Content found on referenced page. 660 661 662 662 698 733 664 665 669 19 671 671 671 671 671 Kozier: Fundamentals of Nursing (7th ed.) Page DeLaune & Ladner: Fundamentals of Nursing: Standards & Practice (3rd ed.) Page Emotional State Ability to Communicate Safety Awareness Environmental Factors NURSING MANAGEMENT 671 671 671 671 671 Emotional State 672 ASSESSMENT; NURSING DIAGNOSIS; OUTCOME IDENTIFICATION AND PLANNING; IMPLEMENTATION; EVALUATION 682; 686; 687; 689; 713 Procedure 30-1: Using a Bed or Chair Exit Safety Monitoring Device Procedure 30-2: Implementing Seizure Precautions Procedure 30-3: Applying Restraints CHAPTER 31: HYGIENE 681 714 668 HYGIENE CARE SKIN NURSING MANAGEMENT 698 698 699 Procedure 29-1: Application of Restraints CHAPTER 29: SAFETY, INFECTION CONTROL, AND HYGIENE HYGIENE Provide Skin Care ASSESSMENT; NURSING DIAGNOSIS; OUTCOME IDENTIFICATION AND PLANNING; IMPLEMENTATION; EVALUATION Procedure 31-1: Bathing an Adult or Pediatric Client Procedure 31-2: Providing Perineal-Genital Care FEET Developmental Variations NURSING MANAGEMENT 706 Procedure 29-8: Bathing a Client in Bed 680 707 682; 686; 687; 689; 713 741 713 Procedure 29-11: Perineal and Genital Care 756 715 715 715 Provide and Foot and Nail Care 708 ASSESSMENT; NURSING DIAGNOSIS; OUTCOME IDENTIFICATION AND PLANNING; IMPLEMENTATION; EVALUATION Procedure 31-3: Providing Foot Care NAILS NURSING MANAGEMENT 719 721 721 Nursing Checklist: Foot and Nail Care Provide Foot and Nail Care ASSESSMENT; NURSING DIAGNOSIS; OUTCOME IDENTIFICATION AND PLANNING; IMPLEMENTATION; EVALUATION MOUTH Developmental Variations NURSING MANAGEMENT 722 722 723 Provide Oral Care Provide Oral Care ASSESSMENT; NURSING DIAGNOSIS; OUTCOME IDENTIFICATION AND PLANNING; IMPLEMENTATION; EVALUATION Procedure 31-4: Brushing and Flossing the Teeth Procedure 31-5: Providing Special Oral Care HAIR Developmental Variations 727 Procedure 29-12: Oral Care 682; 686; 687; 689; 713 708 708 682; 686; 687; 689; 713 709 709 682; 686; 687; 689; 713 758 730 732 732 Procedure 29-12: Oral Care Provide Hair Care Provide Hair Care 758 709 709 * Content found on referenced page. 683 690 697 20 Kozier: Fundamentals of Nursing (7th ed.) Page DeLaune & Ladner: Fundamentals of Nursing: Standards & Practice (3rd ed.) Page NURSING MANAGEMENT 732 ASSESSMENT; NURSING DIAGNOSIS; OUTCOME IDENTIFICATION AND PLANNING; IMPLEMENTATION; EVALUATION 682; 686; 687; 689; 713 Procedure 31-6: Providing Hair Care for Clients Procedure 31-7: Shampooing the Hair of a Client Confined to Bed EYES NURSING MANAGEMENT 735 737 Nursing Checklist: Shampooing Hair in Bed 855 739 739 Eyes ASSESSMENT; NURSING DIAGNOSIS; OUTCOME IDENTIFICATION AND PLANNING; IMPLEMENTATION; EVALUATION EARS Cleaning the Ears Care of Hearing Aids Procedure 31-8: Removing, Cleaning, and Inserting a Hearing Aid NOSE SUPPORTING A HYGIENIC ENVIRONMENT Environment Hospital Beds Mattresses Side Rails Footboard or Footboot Bed Cradles Intravenous Rods MAKING BEDS Unoccupied Bed Procedure 31-9: Changing an Unoccupied Bed 742 743 743 743 Ears 711 682; 686; 687; 689; 713 711 Hearing Aids. 856 745 745 Nose Provide for Client Bathing Needs 713 706 Provide Clean Bed Linen 707 Procedure 29-9: Changing Linens in an Unoccupied Bed 746 Changing an Occupied Bed Procedure 31-10: Changing an Occupied Bed 751 751 752 CHAPTER 32: DIAGNOSTIC TESTING DIAGNOSTIC TESTING PHASES Pretest Intratest Post-Test Nursing Diagnoses BLOOD TESTS Complete Blood Count Serum Electrolytes Serum Osmolality Drug Monitoring Arterial Blood Gases Blood Chemistry Capillary Blood Glucose Procedure 32-1: Obtaining a Capillary Blood 756 757 757 757 758 758 758 758 758 760 760 760 760 760 761 Procedure 29-10: Changing Linens in an Occupies Bed CHAPTER 28: DIAGNOSTIC TESTING Preparing a Client for Diagnostic Testing Care of the Client during Diagnostic Testing Care of the Client after Diagnostic Testing 614 616 618 Hematologic System Serum Electrolytes 626 632 Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Arterial Puncture Blood Chemistry Blood Glucose Procedure 28-5: Measuring Blood Glucose Levels 637 622 630 630 664 * Content found on referenced page. 745 745 745 746 746 747 747 747 747 748 21 612 Kozier: Fundamentals of Nursing (7th ed.) Specimen and Measuring Blood Glucose SPECIMEN COLLECTION Stool Specimens Urine Specimens Procedure 32-2: Collecting a Urine Specimen for Culture and Sensitivity by Clean Catch Sputum Specimens Throat Culture VISUALIZATION PROCEDURES Clients with Gastrointestinal Alterations Clients with Urinary Alterations Clients with Cardiopulmonary Alterations Computed Tomography Magnetic Resonance Imaging Nuclear Imaging Studies ASPIRATION/BIOPSY Lumbar Puncture Abdominal Paracentesis Thoracentesis Bone Marrow Biopsy Liver Biopsy CHAPTER 33: MEDICATIONS Page DeLaune & Ladner: Fundamentals of Nursing: Standards & Practice (3rd ed.) Page 763 764 765 767 Specimen Collection Stool Analysis Urine Analysis Procedure 28-4: Collecting a Clean-Catch Midstream Urine Specimen Culture and Sensitivity Tests Culture and Sensitivity Tests 620 639 637 661 Computed Tomography MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING RADIOACTIVE STUDIES ASPIRATION AND BIOPSY Cerebrospinal Fluid Aspiration Paracentesis Thoracentesis Bone Marrow Aspiration and Biopsy 645 646 646 648 651 650 651 650 772 771 772 773 773 773 773 773 774 774 774 774 774 776 777 778 785 639 639 DRUG STANDARDS LEGAL ASPECTS OF DRUG ADMINISTRATION EFFECTS OF DRUGS DRUG MISUSE ACTIONS OF DRUGS ON THE BODY Pharmacodynamics Pharmacokinetics FACTORS AFFECTING MEDICATION ACTION Developmental Factors Gender Cultural, Ethnic, and Genetic Factors Diet Environment Psychologic Factors Illness and Disease Time of Administration ROUTES OF ADMINISTRATION Oral Sublingual Buccal Parenteral Topical MEDICATION ORDERS 786 787 CHAPTER 30: MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION DRUG STANDARDS AND LEGISLATION Federal Legislation 789 790 790 791 791 791 DRUG ACTION Drug Abuse DRUG ACTION Pharmacology PHARMACOKINETICS FACTORS INFLUENCING DRUG ACTION 777 792 777 777 775 781 791 792 792 792 792 792 792 792 793 794 794 794 794 794 794 Biographical Data 798 Cultural Diversity 798 Lifestyle and Beliefs 798 778 778 775 778 778 779 782 Types of Medication Orders Essential Parts of a Drug Order Communicating a Medication Order 796 796 796 Preparation and Route Oral Route. * * Parenteral Route. Topical. PROFESSIONAL ROLES IN MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION Types of Medication Orders Parts of the Drug Order Questioning the Medication Order * Content found on referenced page. 22 773 774 783 784 794 Kozier: Fundamentals of Nursing (7th ed.) Page DeLaune & Ladner: Fundamentals of Nursing: Standards & Practice (3rd ed.) Page SYSTEMS OF MEASUREMENT Metric System Apothecaries’ System Household System Converting Units of Weight and Measure Calculating Dosages ADMINISTERING MEDICATIONS SAFELY Medication Dispensing Systems Process of Administering Medications Developmental Considerations ORAL MEDICATIONS Procedure 33-1: Administering Oral Medications NASOGASTRIC AND GASTROSTOMY MEDICATIONS PARENTERAL MEDICATIONS Equipment Preparing Injectable Medications Procedure 33-2: Preparing Medications from Ampules Procedure 33-3: Preparing Medications from Vials Procedure 33-4: Mixing Medications Using One Syringe Intradermal Injections Procedure 33-5: Administering an Intradermal Injection Subcutaneous Injections Procedure 33-6: Administering a Subcutaneous Injection Intramuscular Injections Procedure 33-7: Administering an Intramuscular Injection INTRAVENOUS MEDICATIONS Procedure 33-8: Adding Medications to Intravenous Fluid Containers Procedure 33-9: Administering Intravenous Medications Using IV Push Procedure 33-10: Administering Ophthalmic Instillations Procedure 33-11: Administering Otic Instillations Procedure 33-12: Administering Vaginal Instillations RESPIRATORY INHALATION IRRIGATIONS CHAPTER 34: SKIN INTEGRITY AND WOUND CARE SKIN INTEGRITY TYPES OF WOUNDS PRESSURE ULCERS Etiology of Pressure Ulcers 797 797 797 797 799 800 801 802 804 805 806 806 SYSTEMS OF WEIGHT AND MEASURE Metric System Apothecary System Household System Converting Units of Weight and Volume Drug Dose Calculations SAFE DRUG ADMINISTRATION * Guidelines for Medication Administration FACTORS INFLUENCING DRUG ACTION Medical Administration: Oral Procedure 30-1: Medication Administration: Oral, Sublingual, and Buccal 784 785 785 785 785 787 787 793 788 781 801 817 Medication Administration: Parenteral Equipment 802 803 Procedure 30-2: Withdrawing Medication from an Ampule Procedure 30-3: Withdrawing Medication from a Vial Procedure 30-4: Mixing Medications from Two Vials into One Syringe Medication Administration: Intradermal Injection Procedure 30-5: Medication Administration: Intradermal Medication Administration: Subcutaneous Injection Procedure 30-6: Medication Administration: Subcutaneous Medication Administration: Intramuscular Injection Procedure 30-7: Medication Administration: Intramuscular Medication Administration: Intravenous Injections Adding Drugs to a Volume-Control Administration Set. Administering IV Push Medications. 823 Procedure 30-9: Medication Administration: Eye and Ear Procedure 30-9: Medication Administration: Eye and Ear Procedure 30-13: Medication Administration: Vaginal Medication Administration: Nasal 843 CHAPTER 37: SKIN INTEGRITY AND WOUND HEALING * WOUNDS PRESSURE ULCERS Physiology of Pressure Ulcer 1208 * Content found on referenced page. 811 811 811 815 816 817 819 820 820 822 823 826 829 831 832 837 841 843 847 849 851 855 856 856 856 857 23 826 828 806 833 806 835 807 837 808 809 811 843 859 813 1209 1209 1228 1228 Kozier: Fundamentals of Nursing (7th ed.) Page DeLaune & Ladner: Fundamentals of Nursing: Standards & Practice (3rd ed.) Page Risk Factors Stages of Pressure Ulcer Formation WOUND HEALING Types of Wound Healing Phases of Wound Healing 857 858 860 860 860 Kinds of Wound Drainage Complications of Wound Healing Factors Affecting Wound Healing NURSING MANAGEMENT 861 861 861 862 Risk Factors for Pressure Ulcers Assessment Physiology of Wound Healing Types of Healing Defensive (Hemostasis and Inflammatory) Phase; Reconstructive (Proliferative) Phase Kinds of Wound Drainage Wound Classification Factors Affecting Wound Healing Assessment; Nursing Diagnoses; Planning and Outcomes; Implementation; Evaluation Procedure 34-1: Obtaining a Specimen of Wound Drainage Procedure 34-2: Applying a Transparent Wound Barrier Procedure 34-3: Applying a Hydrocolloid Dressing Procedure 34-3: Irrigating a Wound CHAPTER 35: PERIOPERATIVE NURSING TYPES OF SURGERY Purpose Degree of Urgency Degree of Risk PREOPERATIVE PHASE Preoperative Consent NURSING MANAGEMENT 865 1228 1230 1209 1210 1209; 1210 1211 1212 1211 1214; 1230; 1218; 1231; 1219; 1227; 1239 1240 Procedure 35-1: Teaching Moving, Leg Exercises, Deep Breathing, and Coughing Procedure 35-2: Applying Antiemboli Stockings INTRAOPERATIVE PHASE Types of Anesthesia NURSING MANAGEMENT 903 Procedure 40-1: Postoperative Exercise Instruction 908 Nursing Checklist: Application of Antiembolism Stockings INTRAOPERATIVE PHASE ANESTHESIA Assessment; Nursing Diagnoses; Planning and Outcomes; Interventions; Evaluation DOCUMENTATION POSTOPERATIVE PHASE Immediate Postanesthetic Phase Preparing for Ongoing Care of the Postoperative Client NURSNG MANAGEMENT 912 912 912 913 Evaluation POSTOPERATIVE PHASE Transfer to Postanesthesia Care Unit Ongoing Postoperative Care 1370 1351 1371; 1372; 1373; 1375 1375 1376 1376 1382 913 Assessment; Nursing Diagnosis; Planning and Outcomes; Interventions; Evaluation 1376; 1378; * Content found on referenced page. 876 879 882 896 897 897 897 898 899 899 899 910 910 911 Procedure 37-1: Obtaining a Wound Drainage Specimen for Culturing Procedure 37-4: Applying a Wet to Damp Dressing (Wet to Moist Dressing) Procedure 37-3: Applying a Dry Dressing Procedure 37-2: Irrigating a Wound CHAPTER 40: RESPONDING TO THE NEEDS OF THE PERIOPERATIE CLIENT SURGICAL INTERVENTIONS SURGICAL INTERVENTIONS SURGICAL INTERVENTIONS SURGICAL INTERVENTIONS PREOPERATIVE PHASE Surgeon Responsibilities Assessment; Diagnosis; Planning and Outcomes; Implementation; Evaluation 24 1247 1244 1242 1348 1349 1349 1349 1349 1353 743 1353; 1356; 1358; 1360; 1370 1384 1366 Kozier: Fundamentals of Nursing (7th ed.) Page Procedure 35-3: Managing Gastrointestinal Suction Procedure 35-4: Cleaning a Sutured Wound and Applying a Sterile Dressing UNIT 9: PROMOTING PSYCHOSOCAL HEALTH CHAPTER 36: SENSORY PERCEPTION 921 COMPONENTS OF THE SENSORY EXPERIENCE Arousal Mechanism SENSORY ALTERATIONS 939 Sensory Deprivation Sensory Overload Sensory Deficits FACTORS AFFECTING SENSORY FUNCTION Developmental Stage Culture Stress Medications and Illness Lifestyle and Personality NURSING MANAGEMENT 940 940 941 941 CHAPTER 37: SELF-CONCEPT 956 SELF-CONCEPT FORMATION OF SELF-CONCEPT COMPONENTS OF SELF-CONCEPT Personal Identity Body Image Role Performance Self-Esteem FACTORS THAT AFFECT SELF-CONCEPT Development Family and Culture Stressors Resources History of Success and Failure Illness NURSING MANAGEMENT 957 958 959 959 959 960 960 961 961 961 961 961 961 962 962 CHAPTER 38: SEXUALITY SEXUAL HEALTH COMPONENTS OF SEXUAL HEALTH 972 973 974 * Content found on referenced page. 925 DeLaune & Ladner: Fundamentals of Nursing: Standards & Practice (3rd ed.) Procedure 34-1: Inserting a Nasogastric or Nasointestinal Tube for Suction and Enteral Feedings Procedure 37-3: Applying a Dry Dressing Page 1379; 1384 1074 1244 937 938 940 940 941 941 941 941 942 942 CHAPTER 38: SENSATION, PERCEPTION, AND COGNITION Components of Sensation and Perception 1255 Arousal. SENSORY, PERCEPTUAL, AND COGNITIVE ALTERATIONS Sensory Deprivation Sensory Overload Sensory Deficits FACTORS AFFECTING SENSATION, PERCEPTION, AND COGNITION Age 1258 1262 Stress Health Status Lifestyle ASSESSMENT; DIAGNOSIS; PLANNING AND OUTCOME IDENTIFICATION; IMPLEMENTATION; EVALUATION CHAPTER 22: SELF-CONCEPT; CHAPTER 16: HEALTH AND WELLNESS PROMOTION * DEVELOPMENT OF SELF-CONCEPT COMPONENTS OF SELF-CONCEPT Identity Body Image Role Performance Self-Esteem FACTORS AFFECTING SELF-CONCEPT Developmental Transitions 1262 1262 1262 1264; 1268; 1270; 1275 430; 289 431 433 431 431 432 432 432 379 436 Stressors Affecting Role 432 Experience Altered Health Status ASSESSMENT; DIAGNOSIS; OUTCOME IDENTIFICATION AND PLANNING; IMPLEMENTATION; EVALUATION 436 435 437; 438; 439; 441 PROMOTING SEXUAL HEALTH PROMOTING SEXUAL HEALTH 300 300 25 1257 1263 1263 1262 1261 1261 Kozier: Fundamentals of Nursing (7th ed.) Page DeLaune & Ladner: Fundamentals of Nursing: Standards & Practice (3rd ed.) Page DEVELOPMENT OF SEXUALITY Birth to 12 Years Adolescence Young and Middle Adulthood Older Adulthood FACTORS INFLUENCING SEXUALITY Culture Religious Values Personal Ethics Health Status Medications SEXUAL RESPONSE AND LOVE PLAY Sexual Response Cycle Love Play ALTERED SEXUAL FUNCTION Male Dysfunction Female Dysfunction Effects of Medication on Sexual Function NURSING MANAGEMENT 975 975 975 975 978 978 978 978 979 979 980 980 980 982 982 983 983 983 983 Development of Sexuality 300 Development of Sexuality 300 Sexuality and Health 301 Box: Phases of the Human Sexual Response Human Sexual Response 301 301 Assessment.; Diagnosis.; Planning and Outcome Identification.; Implementation.; Evaluation. CHAPTER 39: SPIRITUALITY SPITITUALITY DESCRIBED Spiritual Needs Spiritual Well-Being SPIRITUAL DISTRESS RELATED CONCEPTS Religion Faith Hope Transcendence Forgiveness SPIRITUAL DEVELOPMENT RELIGIOUS PRACTICES AFFECTING NURSING CARE Holy Days Sacred Writings Sacred Symbols Prayer and Meditation Beliefs Affecting Diet and Nutrition Beliefs Related to Healing Beliefs Related to Dress Beliefs Related to Birth Beliefs Related to Death SPIRITUAL HEATH AND THE NURSING PROCESS NURSING MANAGEMENT 994 995 995 996 996 996 996 997 997 997 997 997 997 CHAPTER 24: SPIRITUALITY SPIRITUALITY DEFINED 302; 303; 304 468 469 Table 24-5: Diagnosis Related to Spiritual Needs 476 SPIRITUALITY DEFINED SPIRITUALITY DEFINED SPIRITUALITY DEFINED 469 469 469 Table 24-3: World Religions and Health Implications 471 997 998 998 999 999 1000 1000 1000 1000 1001 Table 24-3: World Religions and Health Implications Table 24-3: World Religions and Health Implications Table 24-3: World Religions and Health Implications Table 24-3: World Religions and Health Implications Table 24-3: World Religions and Health Implications Table 24-3: World Religions and Health Implications Table 24-3: World Religions and Health Implications Table 24-3: World Religions and Health Implications Table 24-3: World Religions and Health Implications Nursing Process and Spirituality 471 471 471 471 471 471 471 471 471 470 1001 Assessment.; Nursing Diagnosis.; Planning and Outcome Identification.; Implementation.; Evaluation 474; 475; 477; 478 * Content found on referenced page. 26 Kozier: Fundamentals of Nursing (7th ed.) Page DeLaune & Ladner: Fundamentals of Nursing: Standards & Practice (3rd ed.) Page CHAPTER 40: STRESS AND COPING 1012 444 CONCEPT OF STRESS Sources of Stress Effects of Stress MODELS OF STRESS Stimulus-Based Models Response-Based Models Transaction-Based Models INDICATORS OF STRESS Physiologic Indicators Psychologic Indicators Cognitive Indicators COPING NURSING MANAGEMENT 1013 1013 1014 1014 1014 1015 1016 1016 1016 1016 1018 1020 1020 CHAPTER 23: STRESS, ANXIETY, AND ADAPTATION STRESS, ANXIETY, AND ADAPTATION Sources of Stress STRESS, ANXIETY, AND ADAPTATION STRESS, ANXIETY, AND ADAPTATION Outcomes of Stress 445 445 447 CHAPTER 41: LOSS, GRIEVING, AND DEATH LOSS AND GRIEF 1032 RESPONSES TO STRESS Physiological Response to Stress Table 23-2: Manifestations of Stress Table 23-2: Manifestations of Stress Coping Behaviors. ASSESSMENT; NURSING DIAGNOSIS; OUTCOME IDENTIFICATION AND PLANNING; IMPLEMENTATION; EVALUATION CHAPTER 25: LOSS AND GRIEF 445 445 447 447 449 455; 456; 462 480 1033 LOSS; GRIEF Types and Sources of Loss Grief, Bereavement, and Mourning Stages of Grieving Factors Influencing the Loss and Grief Responses NURSING MANAGEMENT 1033 1034 1035 1036 Types of Loss GRIEF Theories of the Grieving Process Factors Affecting Grief 481; 482 481 482 482 485 1038 DYING AND DEATH Responses to Dying and Death Definitions and Signs of Death Legalities Related to Death Death-Related Religious and Cultural Practices NURSING MANAGEMENT 1041 1042 1043 1043 1046 1047 Assessment; Diagnosis; Outcome Identification and Planning; Implementation; Evaluation DEATH Stages of Death and Dying 491; 492 493 493 Legal Aspects Table 24-3: World Religions and Health Implications Assessment; Diagnosis; Outcome Identification and Planning; Implementation 500 471 495; 496 UNIT 10: PROMOTING PHYSIOLOGIC HEALTH CHATER 42: ACTIVITY AND EXERCISE NORMAL MOVEMENT Alignment and Posture Joint Mobility Balance Coordinated Movement EXERCISE Types of Exercise Benefits of Exercise FACTORS AFFECTING BODY ALIGNMENT AND ACTIVITY Growth and Development Physical Health Mental Health Nutrition 1057 1058 1059 1059 1059 1060 1060 1065 1065 1066 1066 CHAPTER 36: MOBILITY OVERVIEW OF MOBILITY Body Alignment Body Mechanics Body Alignment Table 36-4: Joint Range of Motion EXERCISE Types of Exercise of Exercise Outcomes of Exercise in Older Adults (Box) FACTORS AFFECTING MOBILITY 1134 1135 1135 1137 1135 1141 1139 1139 1140 1140 1066 1067 1067 1067 Developmental Stage Health Status 1145 1140 * Content found on referenced page. 27 445 445 Kozier: Fundamentals of Nursing (7th ed.) Page DeLaune & Ladner: Fundamentals of Nursing: Standards & Practice (3rd ed.) Page Personal Values and Attitudes External Factors Prescribed Limitations EFFECTS OF IMMOBILITY 1067 1067 1067 1068 Attitudes and Beliefs Environment 1147 1147 1147 Musculoskeletal System Cardiovascular System Respiratory System Metabolic System Urinary System Gastrointestinal System Integumentary System Psychoneurologic System NURSING MANAGEMENT 1068 1068 1069 1070 1070 1071 1071 1717 1071 PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF MOBILITY AND IMMOBILITY Musculoskeletal Effects Cardiovascular Effects Respiratory Effects Digestive Effects Elimination Effects Elimination Effects Integumentary Effects Neurological Effects and Mental Status ASSESSMENT; NURSING DIAGNOSIS; PLANNING AND OUTCOME IDENTIFICAITON; IMPLEMENTATION; EVALUATION Procedure 42-1: Moving a Client Up in Bed Procedure 42-2: Turning a Client to a Lateral or Prone Position in Bed Procedure 42-3: Logrolling a Client Procedure 42-4: Assisting the Client to Sit on the Side of the Bed (Dangling) Procedure 42-5: Transferring Between Bed and Chair Procedure 42-6: Transferring between Bed and Stretcher Procedure 42-7: Assisting the Client to Ambulate CHAPTER 43: REST AND SLEEP PHYSIOLOGY OF SLEEP Circadian Rhythms Stages of Sleep Sleep Cycles FUNCTIONS OF SLEEP NORMAL SLEEP PATTERNS AND REQUIREMENTS Newborns Infants Toddlers Preschoolers School-Age Children Adolescents Young Adults Middle-Aged Adults Elders FACTORS AFFECTING SLEEP Illness Environment Fatigue Lifestyle 1084 1086 Procedure 36-4: Moving a Client in Bed Procedure 36-3: Turing and Positioning a Client * Content found on referenced page. 1147 1147 1147 1149 1149 1149 1149 1147 1149; 1154; 1155; 1158; 1170 1185 1181 1087 1089 1091 1094 1099 1113 1114 1114 1114 1115 1115 1115 1116 1116 1116 1116 1116 1116 1116 1116 1116 1117 1117 1117 1118 1118 Procedure 36-5: Assisting from Bed to Wheelchair, Commode, or Chair Procedure 36-6: Assisting from Bed to Stretcher 1188 Procedure 36-8: Assisting with Ambulation and Safe Walking CHAPTER 35: COMFORT AND SLEEP Physiology of Rest and Sleep Biological Clock Stages of Sleep Sleep Cycle Stages of Sleep Life Span Considerations 1196 Life Span Considerations Life Span Considerations Life Span Considerations Life Span Considerations Life Span Considerations Life Span Considerations Life Span Considerations Life Span Considerations Life Span Considerations Factors Affecting Rest and Sleep Illness or Hospitalization Environment 1120 1120 1120 1120 1120 1120 1120 1120 1120 1119 1120 1119 Lifestyle 1119 28 1191 1085 1115 1118 1116 1118 1116 1120 Kozier: Fundamentals of Nursing (7th ed.) 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Page Emotional Stress Stimulants and Alcohol Diet Smoking Motivation Medications COMMON SLEEP DISORDERS Parasomnias Primary Sleep Disorders Secondary Sleep Disorders NURSING MANAGEMENT 1118 1118 1118 1118 1118 1118 1118 1118 1118 1120 1120 Anxiety Drugs and Other Substances Diet Drugs and Other Substances 1119 1119 1119 1119 Drugs and Other Substances Alteration in Sleep Patterns Parasomnia Hypersomnia or Narcolepsy 1119 1121 1122 1121 Assessment; Nursing Diagnosis; Planning and Outcomes; Implementation; Evaluation Procedure 43-1: Providing a Back Massage CHAPTER 44: PAIN MANAGEMENT THE NATURE OF PAIN Types of Pain Concepts Associated with Pain PHYSIOLOGY OF PAIN Nociception Gate Control Theory Responses to Pain Factors Affecting the Pain Experience NURSING MANAGEMENT 1125 1132 1133 1133 1134 1135 1135 1137 1137 1137 1140 Procedure 31-1: Administering Therapeutic Massage CHAPTER 35: COMFORT AND SLEEP Nature of Pain Types of Pain Nature of Pain Physiology of Pain Nociceptive Pain Gate Control Theory of Pain Assessment Tools Factors Affecting the Pain Experience Assessment; Nursing Diagnosis; Planning and Outcomes; Implementation; Evaluation Procedure 44-1: Managing Pain with a PatientControlled Analgesia (PCA) Pump CHAPTER 45: NUTRITION ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Micronutrients ENERGY BALANCE Energy Intake Energy Output BODY WEIGHT AND BODY MASS STANDARDS FACTORS AFFECTING NUTRITION Development Gender Ethnicity and Culture Beliefs about Food Personal Preferences Religious Practices Lifestyle Medications and Therapy Health Alcohol Consumption Advertising 1159 1170 1171 1171 1172 1173 1173 1174 1174 1174 1174 Procedure 35-1: Administering Patient-Controlled Analgesia (PCA) CHAPTER 34: NUTRITION NUTRIENTS Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Vitamins; Minerals Energy Energy Energy Anthropometric Measurements 1122; 1123; 1126 888 1085 1087 1087 1087 1089 1089 1091 1094 1093 1093; 1098; 1099; 1114 1127 1175 1176 1176 1176 1176 1176 1176 1176 1177 1178 1178 1178 FACTORS AFFECTING NUTRITION Age Other Factors Ethnicity, Culture, and Religious Practices Other Factors Other Factors Ethnicity, Culture, and Religious Practices Lifestyle Other Factors Other Factors Other Factors Other Factors * Content found on referenced page. 29 1034 1038 1041 1043 1044 1039 1038 1038 1038 1054 1049 1049 1051 1051 1051 1051 1051 1050 1051 1051 1051 1051 Kozier: Fundamentals of Nursing (7th ed.) 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Page Psychologic Factors NUTRITIONAL VARIATIONS THROUGHOUT THE LIFE CYCLE Neonate to 1 year Toddler Preschooler School-Age Adolescents Young Adult Middle-Aged Adult Elder STANDARDS FOR A HEALTHY DIET Dietary Guidelines for Americans Canada’s Food Guide to Health Eating Recommended Dietary Allowances 1178 1178 Other Factors Age 1051 1049 1178 1179 1179 1179 1180 1180 1180 1181 1181 1186 1187 1188 1049 1049 1049 1049 1049 1049 1049 1049 910 1045 1047 1045 VEGETARIAN DIETS ALTERED NUTRITION NURSING MANAGEMENT 1189 1190 1192 Age Age Age Age Age Age Age Age Client Teaching Checklist: Following a Healthy Diet PROMOTING PROPER NUTRITION Figure 34-7: Canada’s Food Guide Dietary Reference Intakes and Recommended Daily Allowances Other Factors Weight Management ASSESSMENT; NURSING DIAGNOSIS; PLANNING AND OUTCOME IDENTIFICATION; IMPLEMENTATION; EVALUATION Procedure 45-1: Inserting a Nasogastric Tube 1205 Procedure 45-2: Removing a Nasogastric Tube Procedure 45-3: Administering a Tube Feeding 1208 1211 Procedure 45-4: Administering a Gastrostomy or Jejunostomy Feeding CHAPTER 46: FECAL ELIMINATION PHYSIOLOGY OF DEFACATION Large Intestine Rectum and Anal Canal Defecation Feces FACTORS THAT AFFECT DEFECATION Development Diet Activity Psychologic Factors Defecation Habits Medications Diagnostic Procedures Anesthesia and Surgery Pathologic Conditions Pain FECAL ELIMINATION PROBLEMS Constipation Diarrhea Bowel Incontinence Flatulence 1214 * Content found on referenced page. 1224 1225 1225 1226 1226 1227 1228 1228 1228 1229 1229 1229 1229 1229 1229 1229 1230 1230 1230 1230 1231 1231 Procedure 34-1: Inserting a Nasogastric or Nasointestinal Tube for Suction and Enteral Feedings Removal of a Nasogastric Tube Procedure 34-2: Administering Enteral Tube Feedings 1051 1048 1052; 1057; 1059; 1059; 1074 1074 1065 1079 CHAPTER 39: ELIMINATION Bowel Elimination Structures of the Gastrointestinal Tract Structures of the Gastrointestinal Tract Intestinal Motility and Rectal Accommodation 1279 1282 1283 1283 1283 FACTORS AFFECTING ELIMINATION Age Diet Exercise 1284 1284 1284 1284 Medication 1284 Bowel Elimination Constipation Diarrhea Fecal Incontinence * 1287 1287 1288 1288 1284 30 Kozier: Fundamentals of Nursing (7th ed.) 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Page BOWEL DIVERSION OSTOMIES Permanence Anatomic Location Construction of the Stoma NURSING MANAGEMENT 1231 1231 1232 1232 1233 Bowel Diversions Bowel Diversions Bowel Diversions Bowel Diversions ASSESSMENT; NURSING DIAGNOSIS; PLANING AND OUTCOMES; IMPLEMENTATION; EVALUATION Procedure 46-1: Administering an Enema Procedure 46-2: Changing a Bowel Diversion Ostomy Appliance CHAPTER 47: URINARY ELIMINATION PHYSIOLOGY OF URINARY ELIMINATION Kidneys Ureters Bladder Urethra Urination FACTORS AFFCTING VOIDING Developmental Factors Psychosocial Factors Fluid and Food Intake Medications Muscle Tone Pathologic Conditions Surgical and Diagnostic Procedures ALTERED URINE PRODUCTION Polyuria Oliguria and Anuria ALTERED URINARY ELIMINATION Frequency and Nocturia Urgency Dysuria Enuresis Urinary Incontinence Urinary Retention Neurogenic Bladder NURSING MANAGEMENT 1242 1246 Procedure 39-7: Administering an Enema Procedure 39-9 Changing a Colostomy Pouch 1305 1305 1305 1305 1289; 1293; 1295; 1309 1333 1344 1255 1256 CHAPTER 39: ELIMINATION PHYSIOOGY OF ELIMINATION 1279 1280 1256 1257 1257 1258 1258 1258 1258 1259 1259 1259 1259 1260 1260 1260 1260 1261 1261 1261 1261 1261 1261 1261 1262 1262 1262 Figure 39-1: Urinary Tract Figure 39-1: Urinary Tract Figure 39-1: Urinary Tract Figure 39-1: Urinary Tract * FACTORS AFFECTING ELIMINATION Age 1281 1281 1281 1281 1282 1284 1284 Diet Medications Exercise 1284 1284 1284 COMMON ALTERATIONS IN ELIMINATION * 1285 1291 Chronic Urinary Incontinence Urinary Retention 1285 1287 ASSESSMENT; NURSING DIAGNOSIS; OUTCOME IDENTIFICATION AND PLANNING; IMPLEMENTATION; EVALUATION Procedure 47-1: Applying an External Catheter Procedure 47-2: Performing Urinary Catheterization 1271 1275 Procedure 47-3: Performing Bladder Irrigation 1281 CHAPTER 48: OXYGENATION PHYSIOLOGY OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM 1291 1292 Procedure 39-2: Applying a Condom Catheter Procedure 39-3: Inserting an Indwelling Catheter: Male; Procedure 39-4: Inserting an Indwelling Catheter: Female Procedure 39-5: Irrigating an Open Urinary Catheter; Procedure 39-6: Irrigating the Bladder Using a Closed-System Catheter CHAPTER 32: OXYGENATION PHYSIOLOGY OF OXYGENATION 1289; 1293; 1295; 1309 1313 1315; 1320 * Content found on referenced page. 31 1325; 1329 891 892 Kozier: Fundamentals of Nursing (7th ed.) 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Page Structure of the Respiratory System Pulmonary Ventilation Alveolar Gas Exchange Transport of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide RESPIRATORY REGULATION FACTORS AFFECTING RESPIRATORY FUNCTION Age Environment Lifestyle Health Status Medications Stress ALTERATIONS IN RESPIRATORY FUNCTION Hypoxia Altered Breathing Patterns Obstructed Airway NURSING MANAGEMENT 1292 1293 1294 1294 1295 1295 PHYSIOLOGY OF OXYGENATION Ventilation Alveolar Gas Exchange Oxygen Transport and Delivery Cellular Respiration FACTORS AFFECTING OXYGENATON 892 892 894 894 897 897 1295 1295 1296 1296 1296 1296 1296 Age Environment and Lifestyle Factors Environment and Lifestyle Factors 897 898 898 Disease Processes 898 Ineffective Breathing Patterns 906 ASSESEMENT; NURSING DIAGNOSIS; PLANNING AND OUTCOMES; IMPLEMENTATION; EVALUATION Procedure 48-1: Administering Oxygen by Cannula, Face Mask, or Face Tent Procedure 48-2: Providing Tracheostomy Care 1309 Procedure 32-4: Administering Oxygen Therapy 902; 905; ; 909; 910; 922 933 1315 922 Procedure 48-3 Suctioning Oropharyngeal and Nasopharyngeal Cavities Procedure 48-4: Suctioning a Tracheostomy or Endotracheal Tube CHAPTER 49: CIRULATION PHYSIOLOGY OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM The Heart 1319 Procedure 32-1: Maintaining and Cleaning the Tracheostomy Tube Procedure 32-2: Performing Nasopharyngeal and Oropharyngeal Suctioning Procedure 32-3: Suctioning Endotracheal and Tracheal Tubes 871 The Blood Vessels Blood LIFE SPAN CONSIDERATIONS FACTORS AFFECTING CARDIOVASCULAR FUNCTION Risk Factors Other Factors Influencing Cardiovascular Function ALTERATIONS IN CARDIOVASCULAR FUNCTION Decreased Cardiac Output Impaired Tissue Perfusion Blood Alterations NURSING MANAGEMENT 1335 1336 1337 1337 Figure 32-6: Major Structures of the Heart and Pulmonary Circulation Figure 32-6: Major Structures of the Heart and Pulmonary Circulation * * Age FACTORS AFFECTING OXYGENATON Disease Processes 874 ASSESEMENT; NURSING DIAGNOSIS; OTCOME IDENTIFICATION AND PLANNING; IMPLEMENTATION; EVALUATION 878; 881; 884; * Content found on referenced page. 1297 1297 1297 1298 1322 1332 1333 1333 926 930 871 870 870 873 873 1338 1339 1340 1340 1340 1341 1341 32 Kozier: Fundamentals of Nursing (7th ed.) 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Procedure 49-1: Sequential Compression Devices CHAPTER 50: FLUID, ELECTROLYTE, AND ACID-BASE BALANCE BODY FLUIDS AND ELECTROLYTES 1345 Explained in Text 912 760 1351 CHAPTER 33: FLUIDS AND ELECTROLYTES 955 1352 956 Distribution of Body Fluids Composition of Body Fluids Movement of Body Fluids and Electrolytes Regulating Body Fluids Regulating Electrolytes ACID-BASE BALANCE Regulation of Acid-Base Balance FACTORS AFFCTING BODY FLUID, ELECTROLYTES, AND ACID-BASE BALANCE Age Gender and Body Size Environmental Temperature Lifestyle DISTURBANCES IN FLUID VOLUME, ELECTROLYTE, AND ACID-BASE BALANCES Fluid Imbalances Electrolyte Imbalances Acid-Base Imbalances NURSING MANAGEMENT 1352 1352 1354 1356 1358 1360 1360 1361 PHYSIOLOGY OF FLUID AND ACID-BASE BALANCE Fluid Compartments Fluid Compartments Movement of Body Fluids Regulators of Fluid Balance Electrolytes Acid-Base Balance Regulators of Acid-Base Balance FACTORS AFFECTING FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE BALACE 1361 1361 1361 1361 1362 Age Age 963 963 Lifestyle DISTURBANCES IN ELECTROLYTE AND ACID-BASE BALANCE 963 963 1362 1365 1368 1369 Excess Fluid Volume; Deficient Fluid Volume Electrolyte Disturbances Acid-Base Disturbances ASSESSMENT; NURSING DIAGNOSIS; PLANNING AND OUTCOMES; IMPLEMENTATION; EVALUATION Procedure 50-1: Starting an Intravenous Infusion Procedure 50-2: Monitoring an Intravenous Infusion Procedure 50-3: Changing an Intravenous Container, Tubing, and Dressing Procedure 50-4: Discontinuing an Intravenous Infusion Procedure 50-5: Changing an Intravenous Catheter to an Intermittent Infusion Lock Procedure 50-6: Initiating, Maintaining, and Terminating a Blood Transfusion Using a YSet APPENDIX A: CRITICAL THINKING POSSIBILITIES FOR CRITICAL THINKING EXERCISES APPENDIX B: MEASUREMENT SCALES USED IN NOC APPENDIX C: ANSWERS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS APPENDIX D: 2003-2004 NANDA- 1387 Procedure 33-2: Preparing an IV Solution 979 963 971 975; 979; 981; 982; 999 1006 1393 Procedure 33-4: Assessing and Maintaining an IV Insertion Site Procedure 33-5: Changing the IV Solution 1011 Procedure 33-9: Discontinuing the IV and Changing to a Saline or Heparin Lock Procedure 33-9: Discontinuing the IV and Changing to a Saline or Heparin Lock Procedure 33-10: Administering a Blood Transfusion 1024 * Content found on referenced page. 1395 1396 1397 1401 1410 1426 1427 145 33 Page 956 956 959 959 957 961 962 962 1013 1024 1028 Kozier: Fundamentals of Nursing (7th ed.) Page DeLaune & Ladner: Fundamentals of Nursing: Standards & Practice (3rd ed.) Page APPROVED NURSING DIAGNOSES GLSSARY INDEX 1385 1417 GLOSSARY INDEX 1392 1430 In addition, DeLaune has Key Concepts, and Critical Thinking Activities CHAPTER 1: EVOLUTION OF NURSING AND HEALTH CARE Origins of Nursing Florence Nightingale NURSING IN THE 20TH CENTURY Associate Degree Programs Baccalaureate Programs Doctoral Programs PREPARNG NURSES FOR TOMORROW’S CHALLENGES Differentiated Practice Accelerated Degree Programs Work Study Scholarship Program Service Learning CHAPTER 2: NURSING THEORY What Is a Concept? What Is a Proposition? What Is a Theory? SCOPE OF THEORIES Grand Theory Middle-Range Theory Micro-Range Theory THE EVOLUTION OF NURSING THEORY KNOWLEDGE DEVELOPMENT IN NURSING Paradigms in Nursing Early Nursing Theories Contemporary Nursing Theories Theories for the New Worldview of Nursing CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH AND EVIDENCEBASED PRACTICE Historical Development Framework Research Utilization Nursing Students Evidenced-Based Practice Evidence Reports Trends in Nursing Research and Evidenced-Based Practice CHAPTER 4: THE HEALTH CARE DELIVERY, QUALITY, AND THE CONTINUUM OF CARE HEALTH CARE DELIVERY: ORGANIZATIONAL FRAMEWORKS Private Sector Private Insurance Nursing Supply and Demand * Content found on referenced page. 34 2 4 8 13 20 20 21 22 23 24 25 25 27 28 28 29 30 30 30 31 31 31 34 37 38 43 47 48 50 53 55 55 56 57 59 60 61 62 68 Kozier: Fundamentals of Nursing (7th ed.) * Content found on referenced page. Page DeLaune & Ladner: Fundamentals of Nursing: Standards & Practice (3rd ed.) Page RESPONSES TO HEALTH CARE CHANGES 68 Public versus Private Programs Vulnerable Populations Community Nursing Organizations CONTINUUM OF CARE Fragmentation of Care QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN HEALTH CARE Defining Quality Factors Influencing Quality in Health Care Quality and Health Care Economics Principles of Quality Improvement Customer Satisfaction ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE FOR QUALITY MANAGEMENT Leadership Teamwork PROCESS IMPROVEMENT Tools for Measuring Quality NURSING’S ROLE IN QUALITY MANAGEMENT TRENDS IN HEALTH CARE DELIVERY CHAPTER 5: CRITICAL THINKING AND THE NURSING PROCESS Critical Thinking and Creativity THE NURSING PROCESS HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE Overview of the Nursing Process Assessment Diagnosis Outcome Identification and Planning Implementation Evaluation CHAPTER 6: ASSESSMENT PURPOSE OF ASSESSMENT TYPES OF ASSESSMENT Comprehensive Assessment Focused Assessment Ongoing Assessment Assessment Modes DATA INERPRETATION Types of Assessment Formats CHAPTER 7: NURSING DIAGNOSIS Comparison of Nursing and Medical Diagnoses HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE Research PURPOSES OF NURSING DIAGNOSIS Nursing Diagnoses and Diagnostic-Related Groups Nursing Diagnoses and Nursing Informatics The Two-Part Statement The Three-Part Statement TAXONOMY OF NURSING DIAGNOSIS 68 69 70 70 71 72 72 75 76 77 77 78 35 78 78 78 78 80 80 84 87 89 89 89 90 91 93 94 96 98 99 99 99 100 100 107 109 109 119 121 122 122 123 124 125 126 126 127 Kozier: Fundamentals of Nursing (7th ed.) * Content found on referenced page. 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Page CLINICAL JUDGMENT IN NURSING: DEVELOPING NURSING DIAGNOSES Generating Cues Validating Cues Interpreting Cues Clustering Cues Using NANDA-Approved Nursing Diagnoses Assessment Errors Diagnostic Errors LIMITATIONS OF NURSING DIAGNOSES Incomplete Collection of Assessment Data OVERCOMING BARRIERS TO NURSING DIAGNOIS CHAPTER 8: OUTCOME IDENTIFICATION AND PLANNING PURPOSES OF OUTCOME IDENTIFICATION AND PLANNING Critical Thinking Problems Frequently Encountered in Planning Evaluating Care Types of Care Plans CHAPTER 9: IMPLEMENTATION REQUIREMENTS FOR EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION Cognitive Skills Psychomotor Skills Interpersonal Skills Ongoing Assessment Establishment of Priorities Allocation of Resources Nursing Interventions Evaluating Interventions Documentation of Interventions CHAPTER 10: EVALUATION COMPONENTS OF EVALUATION Techniques Sources of Data Goals and Expected Outcomes Establishing Standards Collecting Data Determining Goal Achievement Relating Nursing Actions to Client Status Judging the Value of Nursing Interventions Reassessing the Client’s Status Modifying the Plan of Care Critical Thinking and Evaluation Elements in Evaluating the Quality of Care Nursing Audit Peer Evaluation EVALUATION AND ACCOUNTABILITY MULTIDISCIPLINARY COLLABORATION IN EVALUATION 128 36 128 128 129 129 129 130 130 131 126 132 136 137 137 142 146 147 151 152 152 152 153 143 143 154 158 163 163 165 166 166 167 167 167 167 167 167 167 168 168 168 169 170 170 171 174 Kozier: Fundamentals of Nursing (7th ed.) * Content found on referenced page. 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Page CHAPTER 11: LEADERSHIP, DELEGATION, AND POWER PROFESSIONAL ACCOUNTABILITY Elements of Professional Accountability Individual Accountability Student Accountability ADVANCED PRACTICE NURSING Leadership Characteristics Power Mentoring Networking Empowerment POLITICS OF NURSING CHAPTER 12: LEGAL AND ETHICAL RESPONSIBILITIES Legislation Affecting Nursing Practice ETHICAL FOUNDATIONS OF NURSING Clients’ Rights Refusal of Treatment ETHICAL ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF PROFESSIONAL NURSES CHAPTER 13: DOCUMENTATION AND INFORMATICS DOCUMENTATION AS COMMUNICATION Documentation Defined Elements of Effective Documentation Narrative Charting TRENDS IN DOCUMENTATION Nursing Minimum Data Set (NMDS) Nursing Diagnoses Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) Nursing Intervention Classification (NIC) Incident Reports CHAPTER 14: NURSING, HEALING, AND CARING NURSING’S THERAPEUTIC VALUE Definition of Nursing Nursing: A Blend of Art and Science Purposes of Nursing Nursing and Healing THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES OF CARING NURSE-CLIENT RELATIONSHIP Phases of Therapeutic Relationship THERAPEUTIC USE OF SELF Caring and Communication CHARACTERISTICS OF THERAPEUTIC RELATIONSHIPS Warmth Hope Rapport Trust Empathy 176 37 180 180 184 185 185 189 192 194 194 194 195 197 208 211 217 484 221 225 226 226 233 235 245 245 246 247 247 250 254 255 255 255 255 256 256 258 259 261 261 262 262 262 263 263 263 Kozier: Fundamentals of Nursing (7th ed.) * Content found on referenced page. 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Page Acceptance Active Listening Humor Compassion Self-Awareness Nonjudgmental Approach Flexibility Risk-Taking THERAPEUTIC VAUE OF THE NURSING PROCESS Nursing Roles CHAPTER 15: COMMUNICATION Components of the Communication Process Levels of Communication Verbal Messages Nonverbal Messages Metacommunication TYPES OF COMMUNICATION Interdisciplinary Communication Therapeutic Approaches with Clients Language Differences Cultural Differences Gender Health Status Developmental Level Knowledge Differences Emotional Distance Emotions Daydreaming Use of Health Care Jargon COMMUNICATION BLOCKS CHAPTER 16: HEALTH AND WELLNESS PROMOTION THE INDIVIDUAL AS A HOLISTIC BEING Needs and Health Physiological Dimension Psychological Dimension Sociocultural Dimension Intellectual Dimension PROMOTING SEXUAL HEALTH Gender Identity Needs Nursing Process and Sexuality CHAPTER 17: FAMILY AND COMMUNITY HEALTH Characteristics of Healthy Families Threats to Family Integrity Public Health Nursing Disaster Preparedness CHAPTER 18: THE LIFE CYCLE FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT 264 264 264 265 265 266 266 266 266 38 266 269 270 272 274 275 277 277 277 280 280 280 280 280 280 283 283 283 283 283 283 289 298 298 299 299 300 300 300 301 301 302 306 308 310 313 314 316 317 Kozier: Fundamentals of Nursing (7th ed.) * Content found on referenced page. 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Page Psychosocial Dimension STAGES OF THE LIFE CYCLE Preadolescent CHAPTER 19: THE OLDER CLIENT DEFINING OLD AGE Theories of Aging Myths and Stereotype of Aging Quality of Life among Older Adults CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH AGING Developmental Changes Cardiovascular Changes MEDICATIONS AND THE OLDER ADULT Responses to Medication Compliance MISREATMENT OF THE OLDER ADULT NURSING PROCESS AND THE OLDER ADULT Assessment Nursing Diagnosis Outcome Identification and Planning Implementation Evaluation CHAPTER 20: CULTURAL DIVERSITY Ethnicity and Race ORGANIZING PHENOMENA OF CULTURE Social Organization Gender Lifestyle CULTURAL DISPARITIES IN HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE DELIVERY Vulnerable Populations Environmental Control Folk Medicine Biologic Variations Cultural Competence Nursing Diagnosis Planning and Outcome Identification Implementation Evaluation CHAPTER 21: CIENT EDUCATION Domains of Learning PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES RELATED TO TEACHING Legal Aspects Children Adolescents Older Adults TEACHING-LEARNING AND THE NURSING PROCESS Evaluation of Learning CHAPTER 22: SELF-CONCEPT Childhood Adolescence 319 326 343 365 366 366 367 367 368 368 370 377 377 378 378 379 379 380 380 380 385 387 388 391 396 396 396 397 39 398 400 400 400 403 404 405 405 407 409 412 413 413 414 414 414 419 425 430 433 434 Kozier: Fundamentals of Nursing (7th ed.) * Content found on referenced page. 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Page Adulthood FACTORS AFFECTING SELF-CONCEPT Initiate Therapeutic Interaction Support Healthy Defense Mechanisms Ensure Satisfaction of Needs Promote Positive Self-Esteem across the Life Span CHAPTER 23: STRESS, ANXIETY, AND ADAPTATION Manifestations of Stress Impact of Illness an Treatment STRESS AND CHANGE Types of Change Theories of Change Resistance to Change Changing Paradigms Nurse As Change Agent Meeting Basic Needs Environmental Strategies Verbalization Involvement of Family and Significant Others Stress Management Techniques Crisis Intervention PERSONAL STRESS MANAGEMENT APPROACHES FOR THE NURSE Burnout and Nurses CHAPTER 25: LOSS AND GRIEF Loss as Crisis Types of Grief Nursing Care of the Grieving Person End-Of-Life (EOL) Care Ethical Implications CARE AFTER DEATH Care of the Body Care of the Family NURSE’S SELF-CARE CHAPTER 26: VITAL SIGNS Physiological Function Age Gender Heredity Race Lifestyle Environment Medications Pain Other Factors MEASURING VITAL SIGNS Equipment THE NURSING PROCESS AND VITAL SIGNS CHAPTER 27: PHYSICAL ASSESSMENT Care of the Client after the Examination Data Documentation 434 435 439 439 439 440 444 40 447 450 452 453 453 454 454 455 458 458 458 458 459 461 463 463 480 481 484 490 493 495 500 500 502 502 505 507 511 511 512 512 512 512 513 513 513 514 514 518 547 610 610 Kozier: Fundamentals of Nursing (7th ed.) * Content found on referenced page. 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Page CHAPTER 28: DIAGNOSTIC TESTING OVERVIEW OF NONINVASIVE AND INVASIVE DIAGNOSTIC TESTING Nursing Care of the Client LABORATORY TESTS Type and Crossmatch Papanicolaou Test RADIOLOGIC STUDIES Contrast-Mediated Studies Plain Films Risks of Exposure to Radiation Mammography Angiography Studies ULTRASONOGRAPHY Echocardiograms Doppler Ultrasonography NON-NUCLEAR SCAN STUDIES ELECTRODIAGNOSTIC STUDIES Electrocardiography Electroencephalography ENDOSCOPY Amniocentesis Procedure 28-1: Venipuncture Procedure 28-2: Skin Puncture Procedure 28-3: Urine Collection—Closed Drainage System CHAPTER 29: SAFEY, INFECTION CONTROL, AND HYGIENE CREATING A CULTURE OF CLIENT SAFETY Types of Accidents Potential Occupational Hazards INFECTION CONTROL PRINCIPLES Stages of the Infectious Process Emerging Infections Factors Influencing Hygienic Practice Health History Physical Examination Diagnostic and Laboratory Data Risk for Injury Risk for Infection Self-Care Deficits Other Nursing Diagnoses Raise Safety Awareness and Knowledge Prevent Falls Prevent Fire Ensure Safe Operation of Electrical Equipment Reduce Exposure to Radiation Prevent Poisoning Reduce Noise Pollution Ensure Asepsis Reduce or Eliminate Infectious Agents Alternative Therapies 612 614 41 614 620 629 660 660 641 641 641 641 643 644 665 665 645 646 646 648 648 650 652 657 659 668 669 672 673 674 678 679 681 682 683 684 686 686 686 686 689 689 695 695 696 696 696 696 699 705 Kozier: Fundamentals of Nursing (7th ed.) * Content found on referenced page. 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Page Back Rubs Provide Eye, Ear, and Nose Care Procedure 29-5: Surgical Hand Antisepsis Procedure 29-7: Removing Contaminated Items Procedure 29-13: Eye Care CHAPTER 30: MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION Standards State and Local Legislation Health Care Institution Regulations Absorption Distribution Metabolism Excretion DRUG NOMENCLATURE Drug Interaction Side Effects and Adverse Reactions APPROXIMATE DOSE EQUIVALENTS Documentation of Drug Administration Drug Supply and Storage MEDICATION COMPLIANCE LEGAL ASPECTS OF ADMINISTERING MEDICATIONS Medication Errors ASSESSMENT Medical History Drug History Sensory and Cognitive Status Physical Examination Diagnostic and Laboratory Data NURSING DIAGNOSIS PLANNING AND OUTCOME IDENTIFICATION Administer Oral Drugs Medication Administration: Enteral Medication Administration: Topical EVALUATION Procedure 30-8: Medication Administration via Secondary Administration Sets (Piggyback) Administer Topical Medications Procedure 30-10: Medication Administration: Nasal Procedure 30-11: Medication Administration: Nebulizer Procedure 29-12: Medication Administration: Rectal CHAPTER 31: COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MODALITIES HISTORICAL INFLUENCES ON CONTEMPORARY PRACTIES From Ancient Tradition to Early Science Shamanistic Tradition ALLOPATHIC MEDICINE Body-Movement: Manipulation Strategies Spiritual Therapies 708 856 729 737 765 772 42 773 774 774 775 776 776 776 777 780 780 785 790 791 793 794 794 796 796 796 799 799 799 799 799 696 801 811 738 840 721 848 851 855 864 865 865 866 867 871 878 Kozier: Fundamentals of Nursing (7th ed.) * Content found on referenced page. 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Page Nutritional Therapies Other CAM Methodologies NURSING AND COMPLEMENTARY/ ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES Nursing as Instrument of Healing CHAPTER 32: OXYGENATION Heart Failure Physiological Responses to Reduced Oxygenation Health History Physical Examination Diagnostic and Laboratory Data Ineffective Airway Clearance Impaired Gas Exchange Decreased Cardiac Output Ineffective Tissue Perfusion Other Nursing Diagnoses Collaboration Interventions to Promote Airway Clearance Interventions to Improve Breathing Patterns Interventions to Improve Oxygen Uptake and Delivery Interventions to Increase Cardiac Output and Tissue Perfusion Emergency Interventions Interventions to Address Associated Nursing Diagnoses Complementary Therapies Procedure 32-5: Performing the Heimlich Maneuver Procedure 32-6: Administering Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) CHAPTER 33: FLUIDS AND ELECTROLYTES Body Water Distribution Health History Physical Examination Diagnostic and Laboratory Data Risk for Deficient Fluid Volume Other Nursing Diagnoses Collaboration Monitor Daily Weight Measure Vital Signs Measure Intake and Output Provide Oral Hygiene Initiate Oral Fluid Therapy Maintain Tube Feeding Monitor Intravenous Therapy Complementary Therapy EVALUATION Procedure 33-1: Measuring Intake and Output Procedure 33-3: Administering an IV Solution Procedure 33-6: Flushing a Central Venous Catheter Procedure 33-7: Setting the IV Flow Rate Procedure 33-8: Changing the Central Venous 878 882 885 43 886 891 900 901 902 903 904 905 908 908 908 908 910 910 914 914 916 917 918 920 938 944 955 957 975 975 977 980 980 981 982 982 982 982 983 984 984 998 999 1003 1009 1016 1018 1021 Kozier: Fundamentals of Nursing (7th ed.) 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Dressing CHAPTER 34: NUTRITION PHYSIOLOGY OF NUTRITION Digestion Absorption Metabolism Excretion Water The Food Guide Pyramid Societal Concerns Nutritional History Physical Examination Diagnostic and Laboratory Data Imbalanced Nutrition: Less Than Body Requirements Imbalanced Nutrition: More Than Body Requirements or Risk for More Than Body Requirements Other Nursing Diagnoses Collaboration Monitoring Weight and Intake Initiating Diet Therapy Assistance with Feeding Providing Nutrition Support Enteral Tube Feeding Parenteral Nutrition Administering Medication through a Feeding Tube CHAPTER 35: COMFORT AND SLEEP PAIN Collaboration REST AND SLEEP Procedure 35-2: Administering Epidural Analgesia CHAPTER 36: MOBILITY PHYSIOLOGY OF MOBILITY The Musculoskeletal System Neurological System Physical Fitness Lifestyle Health History Physical Examination Neurological Assessment Collaboration Bed Rest Restorative Nursing Care Health Promotion and Fitness Meeting Psychosocial Needs Applying Principles of Body Mechanics Maintaining Body Alignment: Positioning Performing Range-of-Motion Exercises Transfer Techniques Assisting with Ambulation Wellness Promotion Complementary and Alternative Treatment * Content found on referenced page. 44 Page 1034 1035 1036 1036 1037 1038 1038 1046 1047 1052 1054 1057 1058 1058 1059 1059 1060 1060 1061 1061 1062 1065 1067 1085 1086 1099 1115 1130 1134 1137 1137 1138 1140 1147 1149 1150 1154 1155 1156 1157 1157 1158 1158 1159 1163 1163 1166 1170 1170 Kozier: Fundamentals of Nursing (7th ed.) 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Modalities Procedure 36-1: Body Mechanics, Lifting, and Transferring Procedure 36-2: Administering Passive Range-ofMotion (ROM) Exercises Procedure 36-7: Using a Hydraulic Lift Procedure 34-11: Assisting a Client with Crutch Walking Procedure 36-9: Assisting with Crutches, Cane, or Walker CHAPTER 37: SKIN INTEGRITY AND WOUND HEALING Procedure 37-5: Preventing and Managing the Pressure Ulcer CHAPTER 38: SENSATION, PERCEPTION, AND COGNITION PHYSIOLOGY OF SENSATION, PERCEPTION, AND COGNITION Components of Cognition Environment Health History Physical Examination Mental-Status Assessment Functional Abilities Environment Managing Sensory Deficits Managing Sensory Deprivation Managing Sensory Overload Caring for the Unconscious Client Use of Restraints Complementary and Alternative Therapies CHAPTER 39: ELIMINATION Urinary Elimination Urinary Elimination Health History Physical Examination Diagnostic and Laboratory Data Impaired Urinary Elimination Stress Urinary Incontinence Reflex Urinary Incontinence Urge Urinary Incontinence Functional Urinary Incontinence Total Urinary Incontinence Urinary Retention Constipation Perceived Constipation Diarrhea Bowel Incontinence Other Diagnoses Maintain Elimination Health Initiate Exercise Regimen Suggest Environmental Modifications * Content found on referenced page. 45 Page 1174 1176 1193 1004 1200 1208 1250 1255 1255 1257 1261 1264 1264 1265 1267 1267 1270 1272 1272 1273 1274 1274 1279 1280 1285 1289 1291 1292 1293 1293 1293 1293 1294 1294 1294 1294 1294 1294 1294 1294 1295 1297 1298 Kozier: Fundamentals of Nursing (7th ed.) * Content found on referenced page. Page DeLaune & Ladner: Fundamentals of Nursing: Standards & Practice (3rd ed.) Page Initiate Behavioral Interventions Monitor Skin Integrity Apply a Containment Device Initiate Diet and Fluid Therapy Administer Medications Perform Catheterization Administer Enemas Initiate Rectal Stimulation Monitor Elimination Diversions Monitor Surgical Management Complementary Therapies Procedure 39-1: Assisting with a Bedpan or Urinal Procedure 39-8: Irrigating and leaning a Stoma CHAPTER 40: RESPONDNG TO THE NEEDS OF THE PERIOPERATIVE CLIENT SETTING PERIOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT OF CARE Anesthesia Provider Responsibilities Nurse Responsibilities General Anesthesia Regional Anesthesia Local Anesthesia Surgical Environment Surgical Team Evaluation and Discharge from the PACU Ongoing Postoperative Care 1298 1299 1299 1300 1301 1302 1303 1304 1305 1306 1306 1309 1341 1348 46 743 743 743 744 744 746 746 764 764 774 774
