References for Business Research Methods: Chapter 5
John Van Maanen, James M. Dabbs Jr. and Robert R. Faulkner, Varieties of Qualitative Research.
Beverly Hills, CA: Sage, 1982, p. 32.
1
Reprinted with permission of Macmillan Publishing from Social Research Strategy and Tactics (2nd
edn.), by Bernard S. Phillips, p. 93. Copyright ©1971 by Bernard S. Phillips.
2
Fred N. Kerlinger, Foundations of Behavioral Research (3rd edn.). New York: Holt, Rinehart &
Winston, 1986, p. 279.
3
The complexity of research design tends to confuse students as well as writers. The latter respond
by forcing order on the vast array of design types through the use of classification schemes or
taxonomies. Generally, this is helpful, but because the world defies neat categorization, this scheme,
like others, may either include or exclude too much.
4
5
Kerlinger, Foundations of Behavioral Research, p. 295.
6
Abraham Kaplan, Conduct of Inquiry, San Francisco: Chandler, 1964, p. 37.
W. Charles Redding, ‘Research setting: field studies’, in Methods of Research in Communication, ed.
Philip Emmert and William D. Brooks, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1970, pp. 140–2.
7
Catherine Marshall and Gretchen B. Rossman, Designing Qualitative Research. Newbury Park, CA:
Sage, 1989, pp. 78–108.
8
9
This classification is suggested in Claire Selltiz, Lawrence S. Wrightsman and Stuart W.
Cook, Research Methods in Social Relations (3rd edn.). New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1976,
pp. 99–101.
10
A comprehensive and detailed presentation may be found in Richard A. Krueger, Focus Groups: A
Practical Guide for Applied Research (2nd edn.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1994; and David L.
Morgan, Successful Focus Groups: Advancing the State of the Art. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1993.
See also Thomas L. Greenbaum, ‘Focus group spurt predicted for the ‘90s’, Marketing News 24(1)
(8 January 1990), pp. 21–2.
11
P. Hawe, D. Degeling and J. Hall, Evaluating Health Promotion: A Health Worker’s Guide.
Artarmon, NSW: MacLennan & Petty, 1990. ‘Shoppers speak out in focus groups’, Discount Store
News 36(5) (3 March 1997), pp. 23–6.
12
13
Hawe, Degeling and Hall, Evaluating Health Promotion, p. 176.
Hubert M. Blalock Jr., Causal Inferences in Nonexperimental Research. Chapel Hill: University of
North Carolina Press, 1964, p. 5.
14
As quoted in William J. Goode and Paul K. Hatt, Methods in Social Research. New York: McGrawHill, 1952, p. 75.
15
From Methods in Social Research by William J. Goode and Paul K. Hatt. Copyright ©1952,
McGraw-Hill Book Company. Used with the permission of McGraw-Hill Book Company.
16
Morris R. Cohen and Ernest Nagel, An Introduction to Logic and Scientific Method. New York:
Harcourt Brace, 1934, Chapter 13; and Blalock, Causal Inferences, p. 14.
17
18
R. Carnap, An Introduction to the Philosophy of Science. New York: Basic Books, 1966.
Content adapted from Thomas F. Gilbert, Human Competence. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1978.
Tabular concept based on Emanuel J. Mason and William J. Bramble, Understanding and Conducting
Research (2nd edn.). New York: McGraw-Hill, 1989, p. 13.
19
20
Mason and Bramble, Understanding and Conducting Research, p. 14.
21
Morris Rosenberg, The Logic of Survey Analysis. New York: Basic Books, 1968, p. 3.