Table S1 Binding pocket residues of McyBA1 domain. Binding pocket residues of McyBA1 domain were identified by alignment with GrsA sequence (Stachelhaus et al., 1999) Sequence McyBA1 group Residue positions1 235 236 239 278 299 301 322 330 GrsA D A W T I A A I EHN3M29 IA D G W T I G A V EHN3A6 IA D G W T I G A V EHN3M14 IA D G W T I G A V EHN3D19 IA D G W T I G A V EHN3D13 IA D G W T I G A V EHN3D27 IA D G L T I G A V EHM1A17 IA D G W T I G A V EHN3D4 IA D G W T I G A V EHN3A7 IB D G W T I G A V EHN3D22 IB D G W T I G A V EHM5M22 IB D G W T I G A V EHM5M16 IB D G W T I G A V EHN3S4 IB D G W T I G A V EHS1D9 IB D G W T I G A V EHS1S5 IB D G W T I G A V EHS1D3 IB D G W T I G A V EHS1M16 IB D G L T I G A V EHM1A16 II D A L F L G N V EHM1S1 II D A C F L G N V EHM1S17 II D A W F L G N V EHS1D12 II D A W F L G N V EHM5S14 II D A W F L G N V EHM1S26 II D A L F L G N V PCC7806B2 D A W F L G N N 3 PCC7806C D V W T I G A V 1 Numbering of residue positions according to GrsA (GenBank: CAA33603). 2 McyBA1 of Microcystis aeruginosa PCC 7806 (GenBank: AM778952). 3 McyCA of Microcystis aeruginosa PCC 7806 (GenBank: AM778952). 331 C E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E V V V V V V V D 517 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K Table S2 Paired comparison of samples from different months in the same location and from different locations in the same month. Population pairwise Fst values and significance of population differentiation were computed according to OTU frequencies as implemented in Arlequin ver. 3.0 (Excoffier et al., 2005). Between Months P1 Fst Between Locations ** 2 N3/May N3/Aug. 0.27** N3/May M1/May ** * N3/May N3/Sept. 0.04 N3/May M5/May ** ** N3/May N3/Dec. 0.06 N3/May S1/May ** ** N3/Aug. N3/Sept. 0.34 M1/May M5/May ** ** N3/Aug. N3/Dec. 0.19 M1/May S1/May ** ** N3/Sept. N3/Dec. 0.08 M5/May S1/May ** ** M1/May M1/Aug. 0.28 N3/Aug. M1/Aug. ** M1/May M1/Sept. 0.26** N3/Aug. S1/Aug. ** ** M1/May M1/Dec. 0.23 M1/Aug. S1/Aug. ** NS M1/Aug. M1/Sept. 0.05 N3/Sept. M1/Sept. * NS M1/Aug. M1/Dec. 0.03 N3/Sept. M5/Sept. 3 NS M1/Sept. M1/Dec. NS 0.00 N3/Sept. S1/Sept. * NS M5/May M5/Sept. 0.02 M1/Sept. M5/Sept. * NS M5/May M5/Dec. 0.02 M1/Sept. S1/Sept. NS M5/Sept. M5/Dec. NS 0.01 M5/Sept. S1/Sept. ** ** S1/May S1/Aug. 0.27 N3/Dec. M1/Dec. ** ** S1/May S1/Sept. 0.09 N3/Dec. M5/Dec. * S1/May S1/Dec. 0.02 NS N3/Dec. S1/Dec. ** ** S1/Aug. S1/Sept. 0.54 M1/Dec. M5/Dec. ** ** S1/Aug. S1/Dec. 0.40 M1/Dec. S1/Dec. NS S1/Sept. S1/Dec. NS 0.04 M5/Dec. S1/Dec. 1 The P values were calculated by population differentiation test. 2 The asterisks represent significant levels: *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01. 3 NS, no significance. P Fst ** 0.23** 0.01 NS 0.03 0.26** 0.22** 0.02 NS 0.23** 0.00 NS 0.36** 0.01 NS -0.01 NS 0.02 NS -0.01 NS 0.02 NS -0.01 NS -0.01 NS 0.03* 0.02 NS -0.01 NS -0.03 NS 0.01 NS * * ** ** * ** ** NS NS NS * NS NS NS NS * * NS NS * Table S3. AMOVA analysis for geographic and seasonal changes of McyBA1 diversity. AMOVA analysis was performed based on OTU frequencies as implemented in Arlequin ver. 3.0 (Excoffier et al., 1992). Data source Sites Months Source of variation Among groups Among populations within groups Within populations Total Among groups Among populations within groups Within populations Total d.f. Sum of squares Variance components Percentage of variation 3 3.279 -0.01086 -2.83 11 24.733 0.06413 16.73 438 144.599 0.33014 86.11 452 172.611 0.38341 3 14.788 0.03301 8.42 11 13.224 0.02904 7.40 438 144.599 0.33014 84.18 452 172.611 0.39218 FCT P value -0.03 >0.1 0.08 <0.01 Table S4 Concentrations of intracellular microcystins in lake water. Location May 0.01/0.01 (0.02) 0.01/0.01 (0.03) 0.05/0.04 (0.09) 0.02/0.01 (0.03) 0.04/0.03 (0.07) 0.04/0.03 (0.07) 0.02/0.01 (0.03) 0.06/0.03 (0.08) 0.06/0.02 (0.07) Jun. Jul. 0.02/0.02 0.06/0.04 N1 (0.04) (0.09) 0.02/0.02 0.07/0.05 N2 (0.05) (0.12) 0.02/0.02 0.02/0.01 N3 (0.04) (0.03) 0.02/0.02 0.09/0.06 M0 (0.04) (0.15) 0.02/0.02 0.03/0.02 M1 (0.04) (0.05) 0.03/0.02 0.08/0.05 M2 (0.05) (0.13) 0.02/0.01 0.01/0.01 M3 (0.03) (0.01) 0.03/0.02 0.02/0.02 M4 (0.05) (0.04) 0.03/0.03 0.02/0.02 M5 (0.06) (0.04) 0.02/0.01 0.04/0.03 S1 (0.03) (0.06) 0.06/0.04 0.03/0.03 0.05/0.04 S2 (0.10) (0.06) (0.10) 0.04/0.02 0.04/0.03 0.04/0.03 S3 (0.06) (0.07) (0.07) 1 Total MCs, MC-RR plus MC-LR. 2 Data was lacked. MC-RR/ MC-LR (Total MCs 1) (μg/L) Aug. Sept. 0.39/0.26 0.29/0.14 (0.64) (0.43) 0.82/0.48 0.29/0.14 (1.30) (0.43) 0.51/0.26 0.24/0.08 (0.78) (0.32) 0.45/0.28 0.12/0.06 (0.73) (0.18) 0.88/0.52 0.20/0.10 (1.40) (0.30) 0.40/0.26 0.14/0.07 (0.67) (0.21) 0.35/0.22 0.07/0.04 (0.57) (0.10) 0.49/0.30 0.14/0.08 (0.80) (0.22) 0.33/0.20 0.13/0.05 (0.53) (0.17) 0.43/0.22 0.04/0.02 (0.65) (0.06) 0.39/0.23 0.23/0.09 (0.62) (0.32) 0.62/0.35 0.11/0.04 (0.97) (0.16) Oct. 0.09/0.06 (0.14) 0.12/0.08 (0.20) 0.11/0.07 (0.18) 0.12/0.06 (0.18) 0.19/0.12 (0.31) 0.16/0.10 (0.26) 0.16/0.08 (0.24) 0.06/0.04 (0.10) 0.10/0.06 (0.16) 0.12/0.07 (0.19) 0.12/0.07 (0.19) 0.14/0.07 (0.21) Nov. 0.49/0.34 (0.83) 0.44/0.24 (0.68) 0.35/0.20 (0.55) 0.43/0.22 (0.65) 0.51/0.27 (0.78) 0.47/0.25 (0.72) 0.43/0.23 (0.67) 0.57/0.28 (0.85) 0.56/0.28 (0.84) 0.53/0.35 (0.88) 0.71/0.37 (1.08) 0.39/0.26 (0.64) Dec. 0.11/0.11 (0.21) 0.16/0.13 (0.29) 0.33/0.22 (0.55) 0.02/0.02 (0.04) 0.82/0.55 (1.37) 0.30/0.20 (0.50) -2 0.21/0.15 (0.37) 0.15/0.08 (0.24) 0.19/0.12 (0.32) 0.21/0.15 (0.36) Stachelhaus, T., Mootz, H.D., and Marahiel, M.A. (1999) The specificity-conferring code of adenylation domains in non-ribosomal peptide synthetases. 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