Sample Unit of Focus Lessons: Subtraction within 20
Grade: Primary
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Counting backwards by
1s to a given number
Introducing subtraction
number models
Solving 1-digit by 1digit change-to-less
stories
Solving subtraction
number problems using
pennies and nickels
Counting forward and
backward on a number
line
Subtracting on the
number line
Counting forward and
backward by 2s, 3s, 5s,
and 10s
Writing number models
for 1-digit by 1-digit
change-to-less stories
using the
symbols – and =
Finding missing
numbers in a framesand-arrows problem
Solving number stories
involving addition and
subtraction
Acting out number
stories involving
addition and subtraction
Using addition and
subtraction to solve
“What’s my rule?”
problems
Learning about
addition/subtraction fact
families
Writing fact families for
dominoes
Finding values with sets
of coins
Solving coin problems
Using fact triangles to
see the relationship
between addition and
subtraction
Making exchanges
between coins
Making change
Spending ten dollars
Solve number stories
involving subtraction of
2-digit numbers
Write subtraction
number sentences using
– and =
Using a number grid to
subtract 1s and 10s from
2-digit numbers
Determining the
unknown number in a
subtraction equation
Using the
Addition/Subtraction
Facts Table to find sums
of 1-digit whole
numbers
Using the
Addition/Subtraction
Table to find sums and
differences
Making dollar
exchanges
Using a number grid to
solve subtraction
problems
Subtracting multiples of
ten in the range of 10-90
Counting forward and
backward on a calculator
using +, - , and =
symbols
Finding equivalent
names for numbers using
addition and subtraction
Using addition to check
answers for subtraction
facts
Solve and record money
number stories and
solutions
Sharing strategies used
to subtract 2-digit
numbers
Using mental math to
find 10 more and 10 less
in the range of 10-90
Note: Lessons highlighted in pink illustrate Everyday Math integration from EM Teacher’s Guide
November 2012
Unit Resources
End of Unit Outcomes
At end of this unit students will be able to:
(2011 MA Curriculum
Framework for Mathematics)
OA1.
OA3.
OA4.
OA5.
OA6.
OA7.
OA8.
MA.9.
Use addition and subtraction within 20 to solve word problems involving situations of adding to,
taking from, putting together, taking apart, and comparing, with unknowns in all positions, e.g., by
using objects, drawings, and equations with a symbol for the unknown number to represent the
problem.1
Apply properties of operations as strategies to add and subtract. 2 Examples: If 8 + 3 = 11 is
known, then 3 + 8 = 11 is also known. (Commutative property of addition.) To add 2 + 6 + 4, the
second two numbers can be added to make a ten, so 2 + 6 + 4 = 2 + 10 = 12. (Associative property
of addition.)
Understand subtraction as an unknown-addend problem. For example, subtract 10 – 8 by finding
the number that makes 10 when added to 8.
Relate counting to addition and subtraction (e.g., by counting on 2 to add 2).
Add and subtract within 20, demonstrating fluency for addition and subtraction within 10. Use
mental strategies such as counting on; making ten (e.g., 8 + 6 = 8 + 2 + 4 = 10 + 4 = 14);
decomposing a number leading to a ten (e.g., 13 – 4 = 13 – 3 – 1 = 10 – 1 = 9); using the
relationship between addition and subtraction (e.g., knowing that 8 + 4 = 12, one knows
12 –
8 = 4); and creating equivalent but easier or known sums (e.g., adding 6 + 7 by creating the known
equivalent 6 + 6 + 1 = 12 + 1 = 13).
Understand the meaning of the equal sign, and determine if equations involving addition and
subtraction are true or false. For example, which of the following equations are true and which are
false? 6 = 6, 7 = 8 – 1, 5 + 2 = 2 + 5, 4 + 1 = 5 + 2.
Determine the unknown whole number in an addition or subtraction equation relating three whole
numbers. For example, determine the unknown number that makes the equation true in each of the
equations 8 + ? = 11, 5 =  – 3, 6 + 6 = .
Write and solve number sentences from problem situations that express relationships involving
Note: Lessons highlighted in pink illustrate Everyday Math integration from EM Teacher’s Guide
November 2012
addition and subtraction within 20.
NBT1. Count to 120, starting at any number less than 120. In this range, read and write numerals and
represent a number of objects with a written numeral.
NBT2. Understand that the two digits of a two-digit number represent amounts of tens and ones.
Understand the following as special cases:
a. 10 can be thought of as a bundle of ten ones—called a “ten.”
b. The numbers from 11 to 19 are composed of a ten and one, two, three, four, five, six, seven,
eight, or nine ones.
c. The numbers 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 refer to one, two, three, four, five, six, seven,
eight, or nine tens (and 0 ones).
NBT4. Add within 100, including adding a two-digit number and a one-digit number, and adding a two-digit
number and a multiple of 10, using concrete models or drawings and strategies based on place
value, properties of operations, and/or the relationship between addition and subtraction; relate the
strategy to a written method and explain the reasoning used. Understand that in adding two-digit
numbers, one adds tens and tens, ones and ones; and sometimes it is necessary to compose a
ten.
NBT5. Given a two-digit number, mentally find 10 more or 10 less than the number, without having to
count; explain the reasoning used.
NBT6. Subtract multiples of 10 in the range 10–90 from multiples of 10 in the range 10–90 (positive or
zero differences), using concrete models or drawings and strategies based on place value,
properties of operations, and/or the relationship between addition and subtraction; relate the
strategy to a written method and explain the reasoning used.
Mathematical Practices
By the end of this unit, students will be able to:
1. Make sense of problems and persevere in solving them.
2. Reason abstractly and quantitatively.
3. Construct viable arguments and critique the reasoning of others.
4. Model with mathematics.
5. Use appropriate tools strategically.
6. Attend to precision.
7. Look for and make use of structure.
8. Look for and express regularity in repeated reasoning.
Note: Lessons highlighted in pink illustrate Everyday Math integration from EM Teacher’s Guide
November 2012
Sample List of Integrated
Everyday Math Lessons
(From Grade 1 Teacher’s Guide)
For adaptation as focus lessons
in this unit
Everyday Math Games
For use during Independent
Problem-Solving connected to
this unit
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2.12 Subtraction Number Models
2.13 Number Stories
3.5 Counting on the Number Line
5.8 Solving Number Stories
5.12 What’s My Rule?
6.1 The Addition/Subtraction Facts Table
6.2 Equivalent Names
6.3 Fact Families
6.4 Fact Triangles
6.5 Using the Facts Table for Subtraction
8.1 Review: Money
8.2 Dollars
8.4 Shopping at the School Store
8.5 Making Change
9.2 Adding and Subtracting Tens
9.4 Adding and Subtracting 2-Digit Numbers
2.13 Coin Top-It
3.6 Bunny Hop
5.7 Difference Game
6.5 Penny Plate
8.1 Coin Exchange
8.2 One Dollar Exchange
8.5 3, 2, 1 Game
9.2 Number Grid Game
Note: Lessons highlighted in pink illustrate Everyday Math integration from EM Teacher’s Guide
November 2012