Provincial Disaster Risk Management Plan for Balochistan

This plan has been prepared with technical support from UNDP Pakistan. Preparation of the Plan has been facilitated by: Mr. Khuda Bakhsh Baloch Relief Commissioner / MBR III Civil Secretariat – Zerghoon Road Block No.2 Room No. 28 Ground Floor Tel: 081 – 9201045 / 9201052 Quetta - Balochistan 2

DISTRIBUTION
LIST ............................................................................................................................................................. 6
LIST OF
ACRONYMS ............................................................................................................................................................. 7
INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................................................... 9
AMENDMENTS TO THE
PLAN .......................................................................................................................................... 10
PART I ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 11 CHAPTER 1: PROVINCIAL PROFILE OF BALOCHISTAN ............................................................................................ 11
CHAPTER 2: COMMON HAZARDS IN BALOCHISTAN ................................................................................................. 13 2.1.
2.1.1.
A S YNOPSIS OF D ISASTER R ISKS IN THE P ROVINCE
............................................................................................... 13
Droughts .............................................................................................................................................................. 13
2.1.2.
Earthquakes ......................................................................................................................................................... 17
2.1.3.
2.1.4.
2.1.5.
2.1.6.
Floods, Flash Floods and Dyke or Dam Failure ............................................................................................... 19
Landslides ............................................................................................................................................................ 20
Cyclones ............................................................................................................................................................... 21 Tsunami ............................................................................................................................................................... 21
2.1.7.
2.1.8.
2.1.9.
2.1.10.
2.2.
Major Transport Accidents ................................................................................................................................. 21
Fire (Urban and Rural) ....................................................................................................................................... 22 Communicable diseases ....................................................................................................................................... 22
Crisis Situations/Sabotage .............................................................................................................................. 23
R ELATIVE S EVERITY OF V ARIOUS H AZARDS P ER D ISTRICT
................................................................................. 24
2.3.
P RESSURES THAT L EAD TO V ULNERABILITY TO THE ABOVE HAZARDS
................................................................. 25
CHAPTER 3: VISION, MISSION AND STRATEGIES ........................................................................................................ 27 3.1
V ISION
....................................................................................................................................................................... 27
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.4.1
M ISSION
.................................................................................................................................................................... 27
O BJECTIVES
.............................................................................................................................................................. 27
S TRATEGIES FOR D ISASTER R ISK M ANAGEMENT
.................................................................................................. 27
Institutional Development ................................................................................................................................... 28
3.5
3.4.2
3.4.3
3.4.4
3.4.5
Risk Assessment and Provincial Risk Mapping.................................................................................................. 28
Knowledge Management and Training .............................................................................................................. 29
Risk Management Applications & Instruments ................................................................................................. 31
Disaster Preparedness, Contingency Planning and Emergency Management. ................................................ 34
C HALLENGES A ND O PPORTUNITIES F OR D ISASTER R ISK M ANAGEMENT
............................................................ 36
CHAPTER 4: STRUCTURE OF DRM INSTITUTIONS ...................................................................................................... 37
4.1
4.2
4.2.1
4.2.2
4.2.3
4.2.4
S TRUCTURE FOR D ISASTER R ISK M ANAGEMENT IN B ALOCHISTAN ........................................................................... 37
R OLES AND R ESPONSIBILITIES OF K EY S TAKEHOLDERS ............................................................................................ 38
Provincial Disaster Management Commission (PDMC) ................................................................................... 38 Provincial Disaster Management Authority (PDMA) ........................................................................................ 38
District and Municipal Disaster Management Authority (DDMA) ................................................................... 39
Tehsil and Town Authorities ............................................................................................................................... 40
4.2.5
4.2.6
4.3
4.3.1
Union Councils .................................................................................................................................................... 40
Community Based Organizations ....................................................................................................................... 41
R OLES OF P ROVINCIAL G OVERNMENT D EPARTMENTS IN B ALOCHISTAN ................................................................... 42
Agriculture and Food Department ...................................................................................................................... 42
4.3.2
4.3.3
4.3.4
4.3.5
4.3.6
4.3.7
4.3.8
4.3.9
4.3.10
4.3.11
Livestock & Dairy Development Department ..................................................................................................... 43
Irrigation and Power Department ....................................................................................................................... 44
Environment Department and Environment Protection Agency ....................................................................... 45
Health Department .............................................................................................................................................. 46
Public Health and Engineering (PHE) .............................................................................................................. 47
Planning and Development ................................................................................................................................. 48
Local Government and Rural Development Department ................................................................................... 49 Finance Department ............................................................................................................................................ 49
Communication, Works, PP&H (C&W) Department .................................................................................... 50
Information Technology Department ............................................................................................................ 51
3

4.3.12
4.3.13
4.3.14
4.3.15
4.3.16
4.3.17
4.3.18
4.3.19
4.3.20
4.3.21
4.3.22
4.3.23
4.3.24
4.3.25
4.3.26
4.3.27
Industries Department .................................................................................................................................... 51
Forest, Wildlife and Fisheries Department .................................................................................................... 52
Mines And Minerals Department ................................................................................................................... 53
Education Department .................................................................................................................................... 54
Social Welfare and Special Education Department ..................................................................................... 55
Power Department – Renewable Energy ....................................................................................................... 56 Sports, Culture, Tourism, Youth Affairs Department .................................................................................. 56
Legal Department ........................................................................................................................................... 57 Information Department ................................................................................................................................ 57
Women Development Department .................................................................................................................. 58 The District Police Department ...................................................................................................................... 58 The Traffic Police ........................................................................................................................................... 58
The Fire Brigade............................................................................................................................................. 59 The Civil Defence Department ....................................................................................................................... 59
Provincial Meteorological Department .......................................................................................................... 60 Major Hospitals .............................................................................................................................................. 60
4.4
O THER S TAKEHOLDERS ............................................................................................................................................. 62
4.4.1 QESCO ...................................................................................................................................................................... 62
4.4.2
Sui – Southern Gas .............................................................................................................................................. 62
4.4.3
4.4.4
4.4.5
4.4.6
Civil Aviation Authority ...................................................................................................................................... 62
Ambulance Services............................................................................................................................................. 63 Balochistan Coastal Development Authority (BCDA) ....................................................................................... 63
Quetta Development Authority (QDA) ................................................................................................................ 64
4.4.7
4.4.8
4.4.9
4.4.10
4.4.11
4.4.12
4.4.13
4.4.14
Water and Sanitation Authority .......................................................................................................................... 64
Banks ................................................................................................................................................................... 65 Insurance Sector .................................................................................................................................................. 65 Private Sector .................................................................................................................................................. 65 Media ............................................................................................................................................................... 65
Pakistan Red Crescent Society – Balochistan Branch .................................................................................. 66
Non Governmental Institutions in Balochistan ............................................................................................. 67 Academic and Research Institutions .............................................................................................................. 67
PART II ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 68 CHAPTER 5: STANDARD OPERATING
PROCEDURES ............................................................................................. 68
5.1.1
Receipt of Warnings ............................................................................................................................................ 68
5.1.2
Warning Distribution .......................................................................................................................................... 68
5.1.3
5.1.4
5.1.5
5.1.6
Public Information .............................................................................................................................................. 68 Reporting ............................................................................................................................................................. 68
Request For Assistance ....................................................................................................................................... 69 Accessing Financial and Technical Assistance at Provincial Level .................................................................. 69
5.1.7
5.1.8
5.2
5.2.2
Protracted Operations ......................................................................................................................................... 69 Concept Of Operations ........................................................................................................................................ 69
P ROVINCIAL E MERGENCY O PERATION C ENTRE
(PEOC)...................................................................................... 71
Levels of Operation: ............................................................................................................................................ 72
5.3
5.4
5.4.1
L EAD A GENCY AND S UPPORT O RGANIZATIONS FOR VARIOUS H AZARDS
.............................................................. 73
T HEMATIC W ORKING G ROUPS ON D ISASTER R ISK AND E MERGENCY M ANAGEMENT
........................................ 75
Functions of the Thematic Leads ....................................................................................................................... 75
5.4.2
Recovery Plans .................................................................................................................................................... 77
CHAPTER 6: SIMULATIONS AND DRILLS ....................................................................................................................... 78 6.1
6.2
6.3
R ESPONSIBILITY FOR O RGANIZING THE D RILLS
.................................................................................................... 78
S CHEDULE FOR O RGANIZING THE D RILLS
.............................................................................................................. 78
R ESOURCES FOR O RGANIZING THE D RILLS
............................................................................................................ 78
PART III : ANNEXES ............................................................................................................................................................... 79 A NNEX 1: D IRECTORY OF F OCAL P OINT C ONTACTS
............................................................................................................ 79
A NNEX 2: M AP OF B ALOCHISTAN
.......................................................................................................................................... 87
A NNEX 3: S EISMIC Z ONES OF P AKISTAN
............................................................................................................................... 88
A NNEX 4: P ROVINCIAL R OAD N ETWORK OF B ALOCHISTAN
................................................................................................ 89
4

A NNEX 5: A NNUAL R AIN F ALL OF B ALOCHISTAN P ROVINCE
.............................................................................................. 90
A NNEX 6: R ANGELAND OF B ALOCHISTAN (L IVESTOCK DISTRIBUTION )
............................................................................. 91
A NNEX 7: E MERGENCY R ESPONSE M ACHINERY AND E QUIPMENT IN THE P ROVINCE
..................................................... 92
A NNEX 8: D ISTRICT W ISE S ABOTAGE A CTIVITIES 2002-07
................................................................................................... 93
A NNEX 9: R EQUIRED R ESOURCE T YPES IN B IG D ISASTER S ITUATIONS
............................................................................. 98
A NNEX 10: L AWS & P ROTOCOLS RELATED TO D ISASTER R ISK M ANAGEMENT
................................................................... 99
A NNEX 11: D EVELOPMENT P ROGRAMMES & P ROJECTS IN THE P ROVINCE
...................................................................... 100
A NNEX 12: W HAT TO D O I N CASE OF
: ................................................................................................................................. 101
A NNEX 13: F IRST AID AND F IRST A ID K IT
........................................................................................................................... 122
A NNEX 14: D EFINITIONS OF C OMMONLY U SED T ERMS
..................................................................................................... 124
A NNEX 15: L IST OF C ONSULTED P ERSONS IN P REPARATION OF THIS P LAN :
................................................................... 130
5

ORGANISATION
NDMC NDMA PDMA – Balochistan Chief Minister Mayor Quetta Secretaries of Departments Fire Brigade Civil Defence Military Relief Commissioner All District Disaster Management Authorities Pakistan Red Crescent Society Municipal Authorities Police Stations National Volunteer Movement All Hospitals Meteorological Department QUESCO Sui Southern Gas Universities Research Institutions Colleges Schools NGOs Public Libraries
POSITION/ROLE
Federal Federal Member Member Member Member Member Member Member Member Member Member Member Member Member Member Member Member Member Member Member
OTHER
Availability and distribution of this plan is the responsibility of the Balochistan Disaster Management Authority – Balochistan whose contact address is: Balochistan Disaster Management Authority – P.O. Box Telephone: Fax: Mobile: Email: Additional copies are available in the public libraries and institutions for public information. This plan is available for viewing at the National Disaster Management Authority website at: http://www.ndma.gov.pk/ 6

BEF Balochistan Environmental Foundation ICRC: IFRC: IOM IUCN JCSC MDMA MSA NDMA NDMC NDMO NEOC NESPAK NGOs NIM BWASA CBOs CCB CCI DCO DDMA DERA DIMRC DRM DRR EAS EOC ERRA FAO FFC GIS GSP HFA Balochistan Water and Sanitation Agency Community Based Organizations Citizen Community Boards Chamber of Commerce and Industry District Coordination Officer District Disaster Management Authority Drought Emergency Recovery Assistance Drought Impact Mitigation and Recovery Component (DIMRC) Disaster Risk Management Disaster Risk Reduction Emergency Alert System Emergency Operations Centre Earthquake Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Authority Food and Agriculture Organization Federal Flood Commission Geographical Information Systems Geological Survey of Pakistan Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015 International Committee of the Red Cross International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies International Organization for Migration The World Conservation Union Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee Municipal Disaster Management Authority Maritime Security Agency National Disaster Management Authority National Disaster Management Commission National Disaster Management Ordinance National Emergency Operations Centre National Engineering Services of Pakistan Non-governmental Organizations National Institute of Management 7

NRECC PARC PCRWR PCSIR PDMA PDMC PEC PEOC National Radiation Emergency Coordination Centre Pakistan Agricultural Research Council Pakistan Council of Research in Water Resources Pakistan Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Provincial Disaster Management Authority Provincial Disaster Management Commission Pakistan Engineering Council Provincial Emergency Operations Centre PINSTECH PKR PMD PRCS Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology Pakistani Rupees Pakistan Meteorological Department Pakistan Red Crescent Society QUESCO SDPI Quetta Energy Supply Company Sustainable Development Policy Institute SOP: Standing Operating Procedures SUPARCO Space and Upper Atmospheric Research Commission TMA Tehsil Municipal Administration UN - OCHA UN - Office for Coordination of Humanitarian Assistance UNDP UNHCR United Nations Development Programme United Nations High Commission for Refugees UNICEF UN-ISDR VAM United Nations Children’s Fund UN - International Strategy for Disaster Reduction Vulnerability Analysis and Mapping - WFP WAPDA WFP WHO WRRC WWF Water and Power Development Authority World Food Programme World Health Organization Water Resources Research Centre World Wide Fund for Nature 8

This Provincial Disaster Risk Management Plan for Balochistan has been developed by the Balochistan Disaster Management Authority and provides for the arrangements for comprehensive disaster risk management within the province. The focus, as required by the National Disaster Management Ordinance 2006, is on minimising the effects of hazards on local communities by ensuring a coordinated effort in disaster risk management within the province. This process requires the development and maintenance of partnerships at provincial, district, tehsil and community levels. This plan calls for a multi-agency, multi-sector, multi-dimensional approach to risk reduction and management. The success of disaster risk management is dependent upon it being recognized as a viable tool to co-ordinate effective pooling and integrative utilization of resources for sustainable development planning. The plan identifies the risk environment for Balochistan Province and outlines the key institutional and programming components relative to effective disaster risk management, emergency response and recovery. The plan is designed to enhance the capacity of all departments / agencies / organisations to more effectively prepare and respond to disaster risk situations. This is achieved through the combined processes of risk analysis, which provides a more realistic base of information upon which to frame operational plans and procedures. This plan is a dynamic document which may be revised to incorporate any additional disaster risk treatment options as they are identified following disaster events and through disaster risk analysis. The plan will also be amended in line with changes in legislation and current good practice, and to reflect lessons learnt from the impact of hazards and other disaster situations as they may arise in the province. The plan recognizes the process of working together and in a collaborative and coordinated way to avoid parallel structures that lead to duplication of resources and effort. 9

1. Proposals for amendment or additions to this plan should be made by contacting:
During this drafting process, please send your comments to: Mr. Khuda Bakhsh Baloch Relief Commissioner / MBR III Civil Secretariat – Zerghoon Road Block No.2 Room No. 28 Ground Floor Tel: 081 – 9201045 / 9201052 Quetta - Balochistan 2. Proposed amendments which affect procedural matters will require prior review and approval by the Provincial Disaster Management Commission (PDMC) – Balochistan 3. Proposed amendments of a minor nature, e.g. names, telephone numbers, addresses, etc which, do not affect the procedural matters will be dealt with administratively by the Provincial Disaster Management Authority and promulgated as per the Distribution List. 4. The workability of this plan will be reviewed twice a year through conducting of drills among the stakeholders. 10

Balochistan, province of Pakistan is by far the largest in size and the smallest in population. The Province covers 34.7 million hectares, almost 44% of the country’s land area, with a population of about 8 million people (12 persons per sq. km.). The province is located in South-Western (220N to 320N, 660E to 700E) Pakistan. About 80% of the area can be classified as inter-mountainous. The remaining 20% consists of flood plains and coastal plains. The important mountain ranges are Sulaiman, Toba-Kakar, Central Brahui, Kirthar, Chagai, Raskoh and central Makran and Makran coast. The climate of Balochistan is continental semi- arid Mediterranean, with annual precipitation varying from 200 to 350 mm and a variable proportion of this total fall as moisture of snow and rain in the mid winter period or as intense showers in summer. The uniform aridity (nowhere exceeding 400 mm on average annually, but in many parts as low as 50 mm annually) makes un-irrigated agriculture impossible. The province is sparsely populated and least developed compared to the other three in the country. It contains most of historical Balochistan and is named after the Baloch. The Baloch form the majority in the south and east of the province, while the Pashtuns are the majority in the north. Quetta, the capital of the province, has a Pashtun majority with Baloch, Hazara, and Punjabi minorities. Near the Kalat region and other parts of the province there are significant numbers of Brahui speakers. Along the coast various 11

Makrani Balochis predominate. Persian-speaking Dehwars also live in the Kalat region and further west towards the border with Iran. In addition, 769,000 Afghan refugees can be found in the province including Pashtuns, Tajiks, and Hazaras. Many Sindhi farmers have also moved to the more arable lands in the east of the province. The economy of the province is largely based upon the production of natural gas, coal, and minerals. Outside Quetta, the infrastructure of the province is gradually developing but still lags far behind other parts of Pakistan. Tourism remains limited but has increased due to the exotic appeal of the province. Limited farming in the east as well as fishing along the Arabian Sea coastline are other forms of income and sustenance for the local populations. The construction of a new deep sea port at the strategically important town of Gawadar is adding to economic growth in the province. Further west is the Mirani Dam multipurpose project, on the River Dasht, 50 kilometres west of Turbat in the Makran Division. There is also mining activity of copper, gold, and other minerals here and there. The rest of the rural economy and livelihoods is agro-pastoral derived from the ranges which provide a diversity of uses, including forage for livestock, wildlife habitat, medicinal plants, watershed, fuel wood, and recreational activity. The Province is divided into 29 districts. The province is headed by a Chief Minister who is elected every five years. The districts are headed by the District Coordination Officer. There are 11000 schools (1-5), 800 middle schools (6-8), 400 high schools, 73 colleges and 5 universities in Balochistan province. The literacy rate is 26.6% with that of males to females being 36.5% and 15.0% respectively. The districts in the province are: 1. Awaran 2. Bolan 3. Barkhan 4. Chagai 5. Dera-Bugti 6. Gawadar 7. Jafferabad 8. Jhal Magsi 9. Killa Abdullah 10. Killa Saifullah 11. Kohlu 12. Kharan 13. Kalat 14. Khuzdar 15. Kech 16. Lasbela 17. Loralai 18. Mastung 19. Musakhail 20. Nushki 21. Nasirabad 22. Panjgur 23. Pishin 24. Quetta 25. Sibi 26. Sherani 27. Washuk 28. Ziarat 29. Zhob The provincial road network and connectivity is poorest in the country. Areas well served with roads are those of farm-to-markets. The length of the national highways in the province has remained largely constant at 2,300 km. Balochistan has still, however, the lowest density of roads among the four provinces of Pakistan. Poor connectivity and access continue to be a major problem, which particularly affect the poor, who live mostly in the rural areas. Several sections of existing roads and highways are too narrow with respect to the traffic carried, and in poor condition; the conditions cause high vehicle operating cost and compromise road safety. The main towns and cities in the province are served with communication network of mobile and landline telephone links as well as radio and TV stations. Most of the urban settlements are constructed using concrete. A few informal settlements where the majority of the urban poor reside are constructed of mud, concrete mix and makeshift sheeting. Many of the rural structures are made of mud. There are about 9,000 rural settlements sparsely spread (about 30 miles) across the province. The urban growth rate is about 4.5% per annum. The out migration from the rural areas is causing a negative effect on the rural economy while causing pressure on the urban infrastructure and services. The main towns are supplied with water, gas and electricity that however do not keep with the increasing demand. 12

Balochistan is beset with plethora of natural and human induced hazards that threaten to affect the lives and livelihoods of its citizens - natural hazards including floods, earthquakes, sea tides and drought to human induced disasters such as fires, civil unrest, terrorism, refugees, health epidemics and water and transport accidents. This has severe repercussions on Balochistan’s sustainable development process. The increased demand for suitable human settlements, food, land and fuel wood following increasing population, has resulted in the clearing natural vegetation cover and, consequently, the depletion of native species of plants and animals that has negative impacts in the long run if left unchecked. Ground water is getting depleted because of unsustainable use of tube wells. Balochistan lies in an active seismic zone. The city of Quetta and the populace have suffered heavily from earthquakes in the past. Similarly, Balochistan has a 770kms long coast line which is expected to develop fast due to development of Gawadar Port City and coastal highway. The towns along the Makran coast are expected to swell with population in future. This will bring a new dimension of vulnerability to lives and property of people from tidal waves and tsunamis. The pollution of coastal waters by human activity may have profound impacts to people’s livelihoods along the coast. Disasters are unresolved development problems. Inappropriate development initiatives and lack of an integrated and holistic approach towards addressing development problems have made the environment a rather intricate issue in Balochistan, thus complicating the disaster risks and vulnerabilities in the province. An influx of massive refugees from Afghanistan has intensified the pressure in the province leading to environmental degradation, as well as pressure on governance and administrative structures. The lack of coordinated and collaborative efforts towards addressing the underlying problems has led to the complexity of addressing development issues in the province. Resultantly, poor urban planning, unregulated use of natural resources, rangeland degradation, dichotomy of water scarcity and inefficient use, loss of forests, wildlife, habitats, and biodiversity, and increased level of pollution all combined have led to an increase in disaster risks and vulnerability in Balochistan. Damages and losses are all too evident and the needs are all too clear once disaster strikes. Managing disaster risks presents different challenges than those faced when managing disasters themselves. The risk factor that lead to disaster are very often hidden, largely invisible to policy makers, the general public, relief workers, development professionals, and the information communication people. Disaster Risk Reduction and Management thus depend not on identifying the consequences of disaster but rather the root causes. These causes need to be made visible and real so that the risks can be perceived, understood and reduced. Knowing about risks that lead to disasters, understanding how they affect our livelihoods and environment, and dedicating collective efforts to manage those conditions are crucial to protect our lives, our possessions, our social assets and indeed the land, water and natural resources on which human life depends. To stop these hazards from having negative devastating effects once they interact with humanity; certain timely and effective measures need to be put in place for effective disaster risk management. A brief description of the common hazards in the province is given below.
Balochistan has a previous history of droughts but the recent droughts (1997-2002) were the longest dry spells in many years. Balochistan is an arid region with occasional rain events. Drought is an insidious hazard of nature, although it has scores of definitions. Drought originates from a deficiency of precipitation over 13

an extended period of time, usually a season or more. This deficiency results in a water shortage for some livelihood activity to a community group, or environmental sector. The districts of Kalat, Chaghi, Naukundi and Zhob have been severely affected by drought at many occasions. The Balochistan regions frequently under drought actually fall in a dry region with normally very little rain. The monthly average rain in these areas is between 2 and 25 mm which is very low as compared to other parts of the country. In 1997 - 2002, a famine like situation developed due to lack of rain in the region. The main reason of drought in Balochistan was the deficiency of rainfall. The drought of 1997 - 2002 has been termed as one of the worst in the history of Balochistan and can be judged from the fact that it was the major cause behind slowing the economic growth rate down to 2.6 % during that period. According to the figures released by the Ministry of Finance, the drought caused a loss of PKR 25 billion to the national exchequer in the year 2000-2002. The drought in affected parts of the province led to the following consequences;  Rise in food prices in the affected areas  A very low level of food in-take causing different diseases and malnutrition to affected populations  Fodder shortage affecting livestock-rearing, which plays an important role in the rural economy.  Apple trees and orchards destroyed by almost 80%  Migration of people from drought affected areas.  Heavy cost incurred by government in relief works in the affected areas - 22 out of the 28 districts sought assistance in water and food.  Increased Health Hazards: The drought also contributed to the incidence of Crimean Congo Haemorrhagic Fever (CCHF). The disease was first noticed in September 2000 in Loralai district of the province. Several people are said to have succumbed to the disease which was triggered by the drought. Malnutrition, T.B and Hepatitis affected thousands of local communities especially women and children during the period.  80% of Livestock Completely Perished in severely affected areas
.
As a typical example, decreasing trend of rainfall from 1997 to 2002 in three districts representing upper, middle and lower parts of Balochistan is shown in Figure below. 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 Zhob Kalat Quetta 1997 1998 1999 2000
Years
Figure. Rainfall in three selected districts of Balochistan during 1997-2000.
14

S. No DISTRICT SEVERITY OF DROUGHT PRESENCE OF PROJECTS & NGO
20 21 22 23 24 25 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Kila Saifullah Mastung Pishin Kalat Khuzdar Quetta Loralai Chaghi Ziarat Bolan Sibi Kila Abdullah Zhob Kharan Jafferabad Nasirabad Barkhan Jhal Magsi Lasbela Musa Khel Kech Panjgur Kohlu Awaran Dera Bugti 3 2 2 3 2 2 5 5 4 5 5 2 5 5 2 2 2 2 3 5 1 1 2 2 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 5 5 4 3 4 5 5 2 2 2 3 2 2 1 3 3 2 2 2
PROXIMITY TO QUETTA
5 5 5 3 3 5 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 5 3 4 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
DIVERSITY OF LIVELIHOODS
5 5 5 5 4 3 4 4 5 5 4 3 5 4 5 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 2 2 2 26 Gawadar 1 1 1 2 Severity of Drought is based upon the ranking done by WFP-VAM. SCORING KEY Very High High Medium Low Very Low 5 4 3 2 1 Source: Social Assessment Study on Water Scarcity in Balochistan; Area Development Programme
Balochistan, PAK/96/006, December, 2000
15

Most Severely Affected District Severely Affected District Moderately Affected District
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. Kharan Washuk Chagai Nushki Panjgur Kech Gawadar Awaran Jhal-Magsi Bolan Dera-Bugti Kohlu Sherani 1. Sibi 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Mastung Kalat Khuzdar Lasbela Musakhail Killa Abdullah 1. Killa-Saifullah 2. Barkhan 3. Ziarat
Most Severely Affected Tehsils Severely Affected Tehsils Moderately Affected Tehsils
1. Qamar-Din-Karez 2. Tehsil Loralai 3. Tehsil Chatter 1. Khanozai 2. Barshore 3. Panjpai 4. Mekhtar 1. Tehsil Zhob 2. Tehsil Pishin Source: Board of Revenue - Government of Balochistan. June 2006. Contingency Plan for Drought Affected Districts of Balochistan - 2006 16

The whole of Balochistan Province lies in a seismically active region. The province has experienced devastating earthquakes in the past. A powerful earthquake devastated Quetta town and the adjoining areas on the morning of May 31, 1935 at 02.33am local time (PST). Nearly 35,000 people are believed to have been killed, most of those fatalities occurred in Quetta alone. Tremors were felt over much of Pakistan and as far as Agra in India. The quake was centred 4.0 kilometres SW of Ali Jaan (Balochistan). The magnitude of this earthquake was at 7.0 on the Richter scale. Some facts about the Quetta earthquake of 1935.  Almost the whole city of Quetta was reduced to rubble with thousands of people being buried under the collapsed buildings  Many houses caught fire and were razed down  The colonial army quarters were damaged extensively  The railways in Quetta was destroyed  Surrounding villages were also destroyed with very heavy casualties  Neighbouring districts of Quetta too had fatalities and casualties. 17

On the 28 th November 1945, at 05:26 PST, another earthquake measuring 8.6 on the Richter scale hit Balochistan. The epicentre was 97.6 km SSW of Pasni in Balochistan. The quake triggered a huge tsunami that caused great damage to the entire Makran coastal region.
Kachh Quetta, Mastung, Kalat Quetta 7.2 Quetta, Mach 7.0 7.5 5
Quetta, Chaman
5.6 Quetta, Kalat, Khuzdar, Mastung, Kalat, 5.8-6.1 Nushki, Surab Khuzdar, Nal, Quetta 5.7
Pasni/Makran 8.6 Loralai Khuzdar, Nal, Wadh Quetta 5.7 6 Kalat, Barkhan 6 Khuzdar Quetta Khuzdar Khuzdar 5.8 5.5 5.4 Quetta, Nushki 5.3 6.5 5.4
Quetta/Pishin, Makran/Gawadar Quetta Quetta Quetta, Mastung, Mach, Sibi, Harnai Quetta, Dalbandin Barkhan 5.7 5.2 5.3 5-6.2 5.3 5.2 Quetta, Sibi, Ziarat, Harnai and Duki Balochistan Boarder 6 6 Naukundi, Musakhail 5.3 Sibi 5.5 Source: Data extracted from Meteorological Department – Quetta Station 18

Southern parts of Balochistan have always been prone to flash floods. Torrential rains during the monsoon season every year lead to flash floods in the districts of Turbat and Gawadar. Shadikor dam near the town of Pasni, usually over spills during the season, causing havoc to people, livelihoods and property downstream. The floods are usually worse in three ‘tehsils’ - Dasht, Omara and Pasni, in Gawadar district, where they cause extensive damage to houses, standing crops, orchards, livestock and water supply schemes affecting thousands of people and settlements while cutting and damaging road networks. There are over 300 dams in the whole Balochistan, many of them constructed along the irrigation plains as check dams and delay action dams. The check dams recharge underground water and serve as a source of potable water for the surrounding areas. In the coastal regions of southern Balochistan, dams have burst in previous years due to heavy rains. Their collapse has led to flooding leaving tens of thousands homeless, destroying hundreds of acres of agricultural land, and causing massive damage to infrastructure. In previous cases, flooding has washed away sections of the Makran Coastal Highway, a major transport link, as well as destroying numerous roads and bridges. Telephone and power networks have also been severely disrupted. Much of the 19

affected areas during the rain season are usually inaccessible for several days, leading to need for relief assistance through other means. The affected districts usually are Pasni, Gawadar, Awaran, and Lasbela. On the night of Thursday 10 February, 2005, Shadi Kaur Dam burst after more than two weeks of heavy rains. Over 130 persons were reported killed. Pasni Township were severely affected with over 5,500 people trapped in floodwater and many houses destroyed. Some 40,000 acres of standing crops were completely destroyed the dam burst.
 Villages affected 1,386 Nos.  Tube wells affected 576 Nos.  Person affected  Houses Demolished 1,68,523 Nos. 15,050 Nos.  House Damaged 57,817 Nos.  Karezes affected  Livestock lost  Bandats affected 381 Nos. 68,058 Nos. 99,316 (Acres)  Agriculture crops affected 1,99,374 (Acres)  Wells affected 400 Nos.  Area Affected 1,70,150 (Acres)  Affected Machinery of open surface 458 Nos. wells
Source: Relief Commissioner’s Office – government of Balochistan
The same areas prone to flash floods and dam / dyke failure in (c) above are prone to landslides especially during the monsoon season. Southern parts of Balochistan have always been prone to flash floods and landslides. Torrential rains during the monsoon season every year lead to landslides in the districts of Turbat and Gawadar. Shadikor dam near the town of Pasni, usually over spills during the monsoon season, causing flash floods and landslides. Bolan district more frequently experiences landslides than any other district in the province. 20

No recorded incidents of cyclones have been reported on the coast of Balochistan. However, the neighbouring Sindh province has experienced several cyclones in the past couple of decades. The proximity of Balochistan to the Arabian Sea and the experience in the neighbouring Sindh province indicate towards potential cyclone risks in Balochistan. The following is the scenario experience in Sindh in which Balochistan may draw lessons for cyclone risk reduction initiatives:  During the period 1971-2001 Fourteen cyclones approached coastal areas of Pakistan.  The cyclone of 1999 hit Sindh coast and caused serious damage in terms of lives and property in Thatta and Badin districts; It wiped out 73 settlements, with over 75,000 houses destroyed  A cyclone on 1965 killed over 1000 people in Sindh, while the most recent cyclone, which hit two districts in Southern Sindh, killed 258 and left over 600,000 affected. Killing of 11,000 cattle  Economic losses were severe and crops and agricultural land inundated.
The earthquake measuring 8.6 on the Richter scale that hit Balochistan on the 28 th November 1945, at 05:26 PST, did cause a tsunami in the Arabian Sea. It was centred 97.6 km SSW of Pasni in Balochistan. The quake triggered a huge tsunami that caused great damage to the entire Makran coastal region. The tsunami reached a height of 40 feet in some Makran fishing ports and killed more than 4,000 people. This was the last major tsunami–generating earthquake in the Arabian Sea. The cable link between Karachi and Muscat was interrupted. The Cape Monze lighthouse, 72 km from Karachi, was damaged. The quake was also strongly felt at Manora Island near Karachi Harbour. The 80–feet–high lighthouse on Manora was damaged. It was felt moderately in Panjgur, a small town in southern Balochistan famous for producing some of the best dates in the world. The shock was recorded by observatories in New Delhi and Calcutta. The quake was also characterized by the eruption of several mud volcanoes, a few miles inland from the Makran Coast. The 1945 earthquake led to the formation of four small islands off the Makran Coast. A large volume of gas that erupted from one of these islands sent flames leaping hundreds of metres into the sky. The most significant aspect of the earthquake was the tsunami it generated. The tsunami caused great damage to the entire Makran coastal region. The fishing village of Khudi, some 48 km west of Karachi, was obliterated. All the inhabitants and their huts were washed away. At Dabo Creek, 12 fishermen were swept into the sea. There was similar loss of life along other sections of the Makran Coast, as well as along the Iran Coast further to the west and Oman. The towns of Pasni and Omara were badly affected. Both were reportedly underwater after the tsunami. Pasni's postal and telegraph offices, government buildings and rest houses were destroyed. Many people were washed away. The telegraphic communications to these two communities were also cut.
Every year, transportation accidents in the roads, railway, air, sea leads to deaths, injuries and loss of property. Road accidents are a common occurrence in most of the roads in Balochistan. Many lives have been claimed and several people injured following road accidents. The poor condition of many roads compromises the safety of many road users in Balochistan. About 250 lives are lost every year in 21

Balochistan through road accidents. Losses through injuries following road accidents every year are insurmountable. The Table below gives an indication of the problem at hand. These are only reported and police attended to cases. Year-wise fatal accident for the last 10 years, in Areas A & B of Balochistan Province. Fatal Accident Area A
117
123
139
118
111
158
165
213
209
46
Area B Total 61 178 99 222 101 240 126 244 99 210
Source: Home Department NB: Area A = Urban Areas, Area B = Rural Areas
140 298 105 270 90 303 39 248 7 53 Pakistan's railways are antiquated and accidents are common. Faulty equipment and human error often are blamed. More than 2,000 people have died in train accidents in Pakistan in the last decade. With the construction of a new deep sea port at the strategically important town of Gawadar, it is expected that the number of ships docking at the port for commercial activity will increase. This may open new risks to maritime accidents including pollution in the Arabian Sea.
With urbanization in most parts of the province and having settlements that are exposed to various hazards such as fire from gas or electricity and the lack of awareness and preparedness to fire safety in these areas, a fire incidence may end up causing big losses to both life and property of unprecedented nature. The need for awareness on fire safety and preparedness to respond is an eminent necessity.
Communicable diseases form the main bulk of healthcare problems in Balochistan. Unhealthy life style and prevailing poverty coupled with lack of awareness has accentuated the disastrous effects of communicable disease, which directly affects economic and social development of society. Control of communicable disease has been suffering due to an overall weak system, deficient training of human resource, and non-availability of the right person on the right job. The objective of reforms in this important area of healthcare is to take such actions which would directly and indirectly result in controlling the spread of the communicable diseases, and making the system addressing the problems of disease control, while transforming existing machinery into an efficient system to ensure control of communicable disease and prevent wastage and under-utilization of resources. The common communicable diseases affecting and disrupting livelihood activity in Balochistan include: Malaria, Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI), Ringworm, Chicken Pox, Rubella, Scabies, Measles, Tuberculosis, Leshmanis disease. The drought of 1999 – 2001 contributed to the incidence of Crimean Congo Haemorrhagic Fever (CCHF). The disease was first noticed in September 2000 in Loralai district of the province. Several people are known to have succumbed to it. 22

Crisis situations are brought about by unpredictable incidents that degenerate to uncontrollable proportions causing chaos and mayhem. Such situation may be brought about by incidents such as: i. Bomb blast / Bomb scare ii. iii. iv. v. Hostage taking Riots and demonstrations / civil unrest Crowds and stampede Terrorist attack vi. Refugee influx The frequency of sabotage incidents in Balochistan especially those related to bomb-blast, landmines, hand grenade, rocket fire is common in the districts of Quetta, Noshki, Dalibandi, Dalbandin, Pishin, Killa Abdullah, Kalat, Khuzdar, Mastung, Lasbela, Dera Bugti, Kohlu, Sibi, Barkhan. In the past five years alone, over 300 people have been killed and over 1000 injured due to various sabotage incidents. Please see Annex 8 for detailed breakdown of sabotage incidents in the province. 23

S. No
Hazard DISTRICT Comments
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. Awaran Bolan Barkhan Chagai Dera-Bugti Gawadar Jafferabad Jhal Magsi Killa Abdullah Killa Saifullah Kohlu Kharan Kalat Khuzdar Kech Lasbela Loralai Mastung Musakhail Nushki Nasirabad Panjgur Pishin Quetta Sibi Sherani Washuk
3 3 - 4 3 - - 3 1 1 3 4 2 3 4 2 3 2 3 4 2 - 1 - 2 2 4 2 5 3 1 1 5 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 3 4 4 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 - 4 2 2 3 2 1 - 1 3 - - 3 3 1 - 4 4 2 1 4 5 4 1 - 2 5 5 3 3 - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - 1 - - 1 - 2 2 1 1 - - 2 3 2 2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 - - - - 2 - 1 - - - - 2 - - - 1 2 - 2 1 1 - 1 - - - 1 - - - - - - 3 - 2 - - - - - 2 - - - - - - - 2 - - - - - - 3 - - - - - 4 - - - - - - - - - 2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
29. Zhob
2 2 4 - - - 1 - - - - - - -
Very High High Medium Low Very Low None 5 4 3 2 1 -
NB: Ranking based on deliberations with staff from Relief Commissioner’s Office and Livestock Department.
Ziarat
- 2 3 2 - - 2 -
24
- - - - - -

The main five hazards that pose potential threats to the population in Balochistan are:  Drought  Floods  Earthquake  Communicable diseases  Landslides and mudslides
The following factors broadly contribute to the root causes of increasing vulnerability to various hazards in various ways as identified above. The list is indicative and open to deliberations as per the conditions in Balochistan.  Limited access to power (political, economic and social),  Lack of structures and resources  Rapid population growth puts people in path of hazards such as unsafe settlements, flood plains, drought  Rapid urbanization – the poor often settle in areas prone to hazards  Systems promoting unequal asset holding prompting bias to hazard precaution. The issue of poverty and access to resources to recover after disaster.  Private gain / commercial interests may promote wrong protection measures, thus compromising public safety. Most commercial buildings in the urban areas don’t follow the building codes for safety.  Environmental degradation e.g. deforestation, soil erosion, air pollution increases hazard risk to disease for example.
 Lack of institutional capacity to deal with disaster risk reduction and development in Balochistan  Lack of training, appropriate skills and awareness on disaster risk management both to the community and public servants  Lack of investments and livelihoods diversification- most communities rely only on one livelihood activity. When disaster strikes and the livelihood activity get disrupted, the communities and people become more vulnerable.  Low income means poor self protection, livelihoods are in dangerous places, few assets so less able to recover after a disaster  Gender: poor nutrition means women and children may be more prone to disease  Poor support from state for social protection – urban or regional bias leaves others less protected; inappropriate protection measures create risks for some.  Lack of ethical standards in public life. E.g. official apathy that leads to lack of enforcement laws and regulations such as building codes and safety.
 Poor social protection – lack of and inadequate early warning systems, lack of awareness, lack of vaccinations,  Lack of social safety nets, lack of insurance schemes, erosion of traditional copying mechanisms  Fragile physical environment: 25

 Low preparedness – lack of preparedness and contingency plans, lack of disaster risk management plans  Poor construction materials for settlements (houses, structures, buildings, schools, hospitals, bridges)  Fragile local economy: low income levels, livelihoods at risks due to hazard shocks, non diversified livelihoods and economy. Fragile livelihoods such as livestock keeping are prone to drought.  Settlements located in dangerous locations – e.g. prone to floods, earthquakes, landslides  Livelihoods liable to disruption e.g. no wage work during disaster period such as floods, earthquake, severe drought or displacement.  Prolonged drought, floods, or displacement after disaster may increase chances to disease.
1
DISASTER
DISAST ER
ROOT DYNAMIC PRESSU R ES UNSAFE CONDIT IONS
Risk = Hazard + Vulnerability (R=H + V)
Figure: Pressures that result in disasters: the progression of vulnerability HAZARDS 26

This plan seeks to facilitate operationalization of Balochistan Disaster Management Authority and promote disaster risk management approaches through coordination and collaboration to prevent injury to people and animals and loss of life, and to minimize damage to property and the environment.
The Provincial Government of Balochistan will provide for the protection of its people, property, infrastructure, and material resources in order to minimize injury, loss of life, and damage to property resulting from any kind of disaster. The government of Balochistan will provide for continuity of management function, damage assessment, public and private and immediate attention to the re establishment of normal operations so as to restore the normal economic functions whenever disaster strikes. The government of Balochistan will provide for the incorporation of Disaster Risk Reduction in its development programmes.
I. To prepare communities and institutions to act and be equipped with knowledge and capacities for effective disaster risk management at times of disaster in order to reduce losses and damage to lives and property. II. To provide a basis for the establishment of polices and procedures which will assure maximum and efficient utilization of all resources in Balochistan Province to minimize the loss of life and/or injury to the population, and protect and conserve resources, facilities and property of the people of Balochistan from any potential hazard threats. III. To contribute to the strengthening of early warning and early response to disaster hazard threats and disaster situations in Balochistan. IV. To strengthen policy, technical and institutional capacities in provincial, district and community levels, including those related to technology, training, and human and material resources. V. To promote and support dialogue, collaboration and coordination and exchange of information among stakeholders involved in early warning, disaster risk management, disaster response, development and other relevant agencies and institutions at all levels, with the aim of fostering a holistic approach towards disaster risk reduction and sustainable development. VI. To promote regular disaster preparedness exercises, including evacuation drills, with a view to ensuring rapid and effective disaster response and access to essential food and non-food relief supplies, as appropriate, to local needs. VII. To advocates the promotion and establishment of emergency funds, where and as appropriate, to support response, recovery and preparedness measures as part of a sustainable way to disaster risk management. VIII. To advocate for the development of specific mechanisms to engage active participation and ownership of relevant stakeholders, including communities, in disaster risk reduction.
The government of Balochistan and concerned departments, organizations and agencies in the province will take into consideration the activities identified in the following five strategic areas of priority for action and implement them as appropriate to their own circumstances and capacities in an effort to build the resilience of the province and communities to disasters. 27

Establishment of institutions for disaster risk management is key for the success of sustained reduction of disaster risks. Allocation of necessary resources for disaster risk management, enforcement and implementation and assigning accountability for failures, as well as facilitating participation from civil society and private sector contributes to institutional capacity strengthening. .
Strategic Area
Main Component / Activity Policy and Planning Legal and regulatory frameworks established and updated Resource allocations for DRR Organizational Structures
Institutional Development
Main Characteristics of component   Mainstreaming DRR into development planning and sectoral policies such as poverty reduction, resource management Make DRR a development policy priority issue in the province   Revise Laws and regulations on DRR Enforcement for the laws and regulations such as the building codes, Environmental Law, Safety codes, Safe and evacuation routes etc     Proposed Criteria for benchmarks   Provincial DRR strategy and plan Plan of Action for DRR management at province level  DRR incorporated in the province’s Area Development Programmes Existence of systems to ensure compliance and enforcement Enforcement of the revised Building Code Standards. Prosecution of law breakers Watchdog groups    Resource mobilizations for DRR (material & monetary), taxes, incentives, Government, CSOs, NGOs, Media and Private sector participation Intra and Interdepartmental, inter-disciplinary, multisectoral coordination and collaboration       Evidence of budgetary allocations Staffing Public private partnerships Creation of PDMA Create Provincial platform for DRR Joint projects and programming on DRR Timeframe continuous continuous continuous Continuous Resources Required Action PDMC, PDMA, Government of Balochistan PDMA, Police, Community, Construction Industry, P&W Department, Law Department, Municipal Authorities, PDMA, Government of Balochistan PDMA Comments
Identification of risks is a relatively well-defined area with a significant knowledge base on methods for disaster impact and risk assessment. Systematic assessment of losses, particularly the social and economic impact of disasters, and mapping of risks are fundamental to understand where to take action. Pre-investment appraisals of disaster risk to development and vice versa, consideration of disaster risks in environmental impact assessments is still to become routine practice. Early warning is increasingly defined as a means to inform public and authorities on impending risks, hence essential for timely inputs to reduce their impact. 28

Strategic Area
Main Component / Activity Risk Assessment and data quality Early warning systems
Risk Identification And Mapping (Risk, Vulnerability and Capacity Assessment & Early Warning)
Main Characteristics of component   Develop, update periodically and widely disseminate risk maps and related information to decision makers, the public, media and communities at risk. Record, analyze, summarize and disseminate statistical information in disaster occurrence and their effects  Hazard vulnerability analysis - characteristics, impacts, historical and spatial distribution   Emerging hazards analysis e.g. climate change, global warming, green house effect Develop Risk monitoring capabilities, risk maps, risk scenarios, GIS data  Vulnerability and capacity assessment – socio-economic political, physical, environmental, cultural, etc.  Establish Early warning systems that are community/people centred.   Early warning systems linked to early response for main predictable hazards: cyclones, tsunami, drought, etc Community early warning dissemination channels developed Proposed Criteria for benchmarks & progress  Vulnerability and capacity indicators developed and systematically mapped and recorded  Risk scenarios developed and used in development programming  Data bases developed for disaster risks and management  Standardise as appropriate statistical information for use across the districts      Quality of response to early warning Level of community participation Development of sustainable infrastructure and use of scientific, research and technical know-how for early warning and scenario development Cooperation with other provinces and countries for cross border disaster risk Coordination of early warning players in the province Timeframe 0-3 years continuous 0-3 years continuous Resources Required Action PDMA, Research Centres, Universities, Meteorologi cal Department, Planning Department, Departments PDMA, Research Centres, Universities, Meteorologi cal Department, Planning Department, Departments Comments
Information management and communication, education and training, public awareness and research are all parts of improving and managing knowledge on disaster risks and their reduction. Inclusion of disaster reduction with a strong gender balanced approach at all level of education, effective public awareness and information campaigns, media involvement in advocacy and dissemination, availability 29

of training for the communities at risk and professional staff, targeted research are the ingredients to support the knowledge base for effective disaster management.
Strategic Area
Main Component / Activity Information management and Exchange Research and Policy
Use Knowledge, innovation and education to build a culture of safety and resilience at all levels
 Main Characteristics of component  Municipal & urban Authorities to provide information to the public on disaster reduction options prior to constructions, land sale and land purchase.  Strengthen networks among disaster experts, managers and planers across departments, agencies and organizations and provinces  Use of affordable recent communication and speed based technologies and related services  Provide easily understandable information on disaster risks and protection options especially to communities prone to droughts, floods, cyclones, landslides and other hazards to encourage and enable communities to take action to reduce risks and build resilience Research Programmes and institutions for risk reduction at provincial level with evaluations, feedback and linkages to other programmes and institutions at federal and international level  Strengthen the technical and scientific capacity to develop and apply methodologies, studies and models to assess vulnerabilities to and the impact of geological, weather, water and climate related hazards.  Develop improved methods for predictive multi-risk assessments and Proposed Criteria for benchmarks & progress  Establish the provincial platform for Disaster Risk Reduction as proposed in the Plan  Develop a networked communication (ICT) system among the disaster risk management players  Incorporate traditional and indigenous knowledge on risk management  Develop Resource Centres and networks in particular educational facilities     Existence of a link between science and policy (evidence-based policy and policy oriented research). Networking, exchange programmes and share and dissemination of good practices in DRR/M Incorporate the research analysis into the decision making process in the province and districts. Timeframe 0-3 years continuous continuous Resources Required Action PDMC, PDMA Research Institutions, Media, Government of Balochistan, Departments, CSOs, NGOs PDMC, PDMA Research Institutions, Media, Government of Balochistan, Departments, CSOs, NGOs, District Authorities Comments 30

Public Awareness And Media involvement Education and Training              socio-economic cost benefit analysis of risk reduction actions in the province Media Involvement in DRR and communication risk and awareness raising Public awareness policy, programmes and materials Publications explaining what to do in case of an earthquake, flood, fire, etc preparedness emergency procedures; for and Preparation of media releases explaining earthquake, flood, fire etc for preparedness emergency procedures; and Ongoing media campaign risk reduction, to encourage the public to 'be aware' and advocacy for disaster Community training programmes on DRR/M Dissemination and use of traditional / indigenous knowledge on risk management Inclusion of disaster reduction at all levels of education (curricula, educational material), training of trainers programmes Mainstream Gender issues on disaster risk reduction and management Training of government staff on disaster risk management            Involvement of the communities and the general public in the National Disaster Day every year on 8
th
October. Develop, share and use a Media Strategy on DRR in the Province Coverage of Disaster Reduction Strategies by media Develop a Provincial Media Strategy on DRR Educational Materials and references on disasters and disaster reduction Trained staff Specialized courses and institutions Upgrading and equipping the Civil Defence Training Centre in Quetta Evidence of systematic capacity development programmes Develop and disseminate and use a gender strategy on DRR & M. Use formal and informal channels to reach youth and children with information on DRR/M 0-3 years Information Department, PDMA, Media Houses, Community Universities, Education Department, PDMA, Research Institutions, Women Department, Welfare Department
Instruments for risk management have proliferated especially with the recognition of environmental management, poverty reduction and financial management tools as complementary solutions. The role of environmental and natural resource management in reducing climatic disaster risks is acknowledged. Wetland and watershed management to reduce flood risks, afforestation and reforestation to control landslides and soil erosion, ecosystem conservation to control droughts are among the best known applications. For effective results, synergies need to be built between sustainable development and disaster risk management practices. Social and economic development practices 31

with proven results in poverty alleviation such as social protection and safety nets are increasingly regarded as ways of reducing risks and instruments for self-reliance in recovery. Financial instruments in the form of micro-financing and public-private partnerships can be of great help. Others such as insurance, calamity funds, catastrophe bonds are useful in spreading risks though still difficult to establish in low income countries and communities. Physical and technical measures such as flood control techniques, soil conservation practices, retrofitting of buildings or land use planning are well known practices and have been implemented with mixed results. Their failure is often due to poor governance rather than knowledge of what to do. Moreover, such measures, while effective in hazard control, can often be inadequate for social protection and economic recovery.
Strategic Area
Main Component / Activity Environmental and natural resource management Social and economic development practices
Risk Management Applications and Instruments
Main Characteristics of component   Encourage the sustainable use and management of ecosystems, including through better land use planning and development activities to reduce risk and vulnerabilities Integrated environmental and natural resource management approaches  Incorporate disaster risk reduction, including structural and non structural measures such as integrated flood management or ecosystem management in fragile areas  Promote food security as a vital factor in ensuring resilience of communities especially those prone to drought, floods and hazards that weaken agricultural based livelihoods  Integrate disaster risk reduction planning into the health sector  Protect and strengthen critical facilities and physical infrastructure, particularly schools, clinics, hospitals, water and power plants, communication and transport lifelines, disaster warning and management centres and culturally important lands and facilities/structure Proposed Criteria for benchmarks  Use of Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA) in disaster reduction planning  Reduction in trends of deforestation and desertification rates to combat drought   Plant more trees Use of wetland and forestry management to reduce flood and landslide risk      “Hospitals safe from Disasters” by ensuring that all news hospitals with a level of resilience that makes them functional in times of major disaster. Redesign, retrofitting and rebuilding in order to render the facilities resilient to hazards Access to social protection and safety nets as well as micro finance services to disaster reduction at community level Insurance Incentives and disincentives. Encourage the private sector to foster a culture of disaster prevention and public safety Timeframe 0-2 years continuous Resources Required Action PDMA, Environment Department, Environment Protection Agency, Forest Department, Livestock Department, Planning Department, PDMA, Livestock Department, Irrigation Department, Agriculture department, Health Department, All Departments as appropriate Comments 32

Land use planning and technical measures            Social Safety Nets programmes to assist the poor, elderly, disabled, marginalized and other populations vulnerable to disasters Incorporate DRR measures into post recovery and rehabilitation processes and use opportunities in the recovery process to develop capacities that reduce disaster risk Promote diversified income options and livelihoods to vulnerable communities Promote insurance and reinsurance schemes against disasters Promote public private partnerships to disaster reduction Incorporate disaster risk assessments into the urban planning and management of disaster prone human settlements, in particular the highly populated areas of Quetta and urbanizing settlements in the districts Integrate DRR considerations into planning procedures for major infrastructure projects, including criteria for design, approval and implementation of such projects and social, economic and environmental impact assessments Develop, upgrade and encourage the use of guidelines and codes and monitoring tools for DRR in the context of land-use policy and planning Incorporate disaster risk assessment into rural development planning and management Encourage the revision of the existing or development of new building codes, standards,     Construction reduced / zoning plans enforced in hazard prone areas such as flood plains, landslide prone, earthquake prone etc. Compliance of public and private buildings with codes and standards Public buildings and facilities (schools, hospitals, bridges, clinics lifelines etc) at high risk areas retrofitted. Regular maintenance of hazard control structures 33 Municipal and Urban Authorities, C&W Department, Irrigation Department, Agriculture department, PDMA,

rehabilitation and reconstruction practices as appropriate in the local context
Preparedness and emergency management have been effective instruments in reducing life losses from direct and indirect effect of disasters. A well-prepared system is expected to be effectively informed by early warning, have in place provincial and local preparedness plans regularly rehearsed, established communication and coordination systems, as well as adequate logistics infrastructure and emergency funds to respond from. Local level preparedness, particularly of the communities, including their training deserves special attention as the most effective way of reducing life and livelihood losses. This Provincial Disaster Risk Management Plan falls under this part of strategy.
Strategic Area
Main Component / Activity Preparedness and contingency planning Emergency Management
Strengthened Disaster Preparedness, Contingency Planning And Emergency Management At all Levels
Main Characteristics of component  Strengthen policy, technical and institutional capacities in the province related to disaster risk management including technology, training, and human and material resources  Promote and support the culture of dialogue, information exchange and coordination among all the disaster risk management practitioners from early warning to response and recovery to longer term development.  Communication systems developed and networked among stakeholders in disaster risk management in the province.  Develop scenarios for Emergency drills   Develop emergency plans of all stakeholders  Prepare or review and periodically update disaster preparedness and contingency plans, SOPs and policies at all levels with a focus on the most vulnerable Proposed Criteria for benchmarks  Established emergency funds where and as appropriate to support response, recovery, and preparedness measures.  Equip the capacities of the Fire Brigade, Civil Defence, Response Police, Police, Hospitals, etc to handle emergencies  Conduct drills to enhance preparedness capacity and response   Effective response to disasters and mobilization of volunteers and resources at community level Community participation and fostering the spirit of volunteerism in disaster risk management through use of local NGOs, CSOs and the Timeframe 1 -2 years 1 – 2 years Resources Required Action PDMA, Provincial and district Authorities, Fire Brigade, Civil Defence, Pakistan Red Crescent, Police, Community, Local CSOs and NGOs PDMA, Provincial and district Authorities, Fire Brigade, Civil Defence, Pakistan Red Crescent, Police, Community, Local CSOs Comments 34

 communities   Red Crescent Society in Quetta. Conduct regular evacuation drills and NGOs The above targets and objectives for disaster risk reduction and management should be narrowed down to meet the province and communities in Balochistan’s capacities and resources. They should be
“SMART.”
  
S
M
A
months or years depending on availability of resources and provincial priorities 
R
capacities and set within the provincial government structures 
T
Further deliberations are to be held with the provincial stakeholders and agree on the modalities of implementing the suggested activities in a SMART way. 35

There is a need for disaster risk management to be an essential part of the broader concerns of sustainable development, and hence the need to make sure that disaster risk assessments and vulnerability reduction measures are taken into account in different sectors. These linkages introduce new challenges as well as offer new opportunities. Each sector, discipline or institution speaks a different language and brings new practices and experiences to the subject which needs to be harmonized. Challenges are the external or internal conditions which may hinder the achievement of objectives or can be the hurdles in achieving the objectives of disaster risk management. Opportunities are the external conditions which can be exploited to achieve objectives of disaster risk management. These may exist at this point and may not exist in future. The following select list of challenges and opportunities was identified:
Lack of resources and poor logistics and financial capacity. The Dominant Perspective and Top-Down Approach towards disaster risk management Weak links at the grassroots level to implement mitigation programs at the community level. Low participation of vulnerable communities in drought and flood mitigation planning process. Poor integration between structural and non structural measures. Lack of coordination among development and relief agencies and departments. Gaps in the implementation of development plans. Window of opportunity following frequency of hazards Increase in political awareness on the subject Creation of PDMC and PDMA to facilitate the DRM process Development departments and partners to work in coordination and collaboration Existing institutions with development mandate Presence of NGOs and CBOs Lack of technical human resources. Conflict of interest among agencies. Lack of early warning systems Flash flood waters should be trapped for use in irrigation purposes Research institutions in the province Absence of equipment maintenance. Lack of awareness on disaster risk reduction Mindset of many involved agencies towards disaster relief Poor preparedness capacity of the emergency services: Fire Brigade and Civil Defence Departments The identified challenges and opportunities are subject to further discussions and deliberation to agree on how they affect the people of Balochistan. 36

Provincial Disaster Management Commissions
Provincial
(PDMC)
PROVINCIAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY Provincial Departments and Technical Agencies Technical and research institutions of the Community Based Organizations (CBOs) Citizen Community Boards (CCBs) (PDMA) Provincial Emergency Operation Centre DISTRICT DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY (DDMA/MDMA) TEHSIL STRUCTURES UNION COUNCIL
Figure: Balochistan Province Disaster Risk Management Structure
37 Media, Banks, Insurance, Private Sector. Donors, UN, NGOs, CBOs, Media, Provincial Departments
(Provincial Platform for Disaster Risk Management)

Disaster risk management being a provincial subject, the provincial government of Balochistan has a crucial role in implementation of disaster risk management policies, strategies and programmes. A Provincial Disaster Management Commission (PDMC) has been formed and this will be chaired by the Chief Minister. Leader of opposition and a member to be nominated by him are also members of the PDMC. Other members will be appointed by the Chief Minister. They may include stakeholders from provincial ministries and departments, Civil Defence, Red Crescent Society, police, fire services, university faculty, research institutions, civil society organizations, representatives from commerce, industry and insurance sectors, and other technical experts in the province. The PDMC will facilitate links between national objectives and provincial priorities. The Director General, Provincial Disaster Management Authority (PDMA) will serve as the Member/Secretary of the PDMC with focal point responsibilities for disaster policy, planning and implementation. The Provincial Disaster Management Commission shall:  Lay down the provincial/regional disaster risk management policy,  Develop provincial/regional disaster risk management plan in accordance with guidelines laid down by the National Commission,  Ensure that disaster risk management plans are formulated by all departments, and district/municipal authorities;  Review the sectoral development plans of provincial departments and ensure that risk reduction measures are integrated therein,  Approve disaster risk management plans prepared by provincial departments,  Review implementation of the plans,  Oversee the provision of funds for risk reduction and preparedness measures,
The Provincial Authority will be headed by a Provincial Director General with the status and powers of a Secretary. The DG will be appointed by the Provincial Government. The Authority will serve as secretariat of the Provincial Commission. It will work upon development, implementation and monitoring and evaluation of disaster risk reduction activities in vulnerable areas and sectors in the province. The provincial authority will have responsibility for the following.  Coordinate complete spectrum of disasters in the province,  Formulate provincial disaster risk management plan,  Continuously monitor hazards, risks and vulnerable conditions within the province,  Develop guidelines and standards for provincial and local stakeholders regarding their role in disaster risk management,  Ensure preparation of disaster risk management plans by all districts;  Coordinate implementation of provincial disaster risk management plan in accordance with the National Framework,  Promote education, awareness and training on disaster risk reduction and response;  Provide necessary technical assistance and advice to local authorities for carrying out their functions effectively; 38

 Coordinate emergency response in the event of a disaster, through the Provincial Emergency Operations Centre (PEOC);  Develop specific capabilities to manage threats that exist in the province,  Perform such other functions as may be assigned by the Provincial Commission, The PDMA in Balochistan will ensure the creation of a Provincial Platform for Disaster Risk Management. The Platform will be a coordinating body that brings together technical staff of development practitioners, NGOs and government departments involved in Disaster Risk Management in Balochistan to meet on regular basis and exchange information, debate options and decisions on activities formulated for referral to the Government, donors, NGOs and other actors. It will be an open forum of high level technical staff representing a broad grouping of organizations at the provincial level with interest in disaster risk management and building resilience of communities against potential hazards. The platform will be responsible for addressing disaster risk and development issues in the province, for building trust and understanding, as well as maintaining institutional memory of the key provincial actors. The platform will meet once a month, or as need may dictate and will be chaired by the Secretary (or his representative) of the PDMA. The Committee will share approaches and guidelines on methods and approaches for the coordination of both information and appropriate response measures on disaster risks. The platform will promote, strengthen and support the multi-agency approach to disaster risk management in Balochistan. Specifically the Terms of Reference will be:  Develop and implement mechanisms to coordinate the flow of disaster risk management and information in the province, and develop procedures to ensure appropriate dissemination and access to the information among the stakeholders.  Coordinate the effective management of information and reporting among stakeholders and when necessary shift the focus of such meetings from information sharing to action planning and response coordination.  Develop coordinated response mechanisms to be adopted by all relevant stakeholders. Such guidelines should promote mitigation and early response activities.  Develop and manage a geographical targeting and distribution system for food and non-food responses to affected areas faced with stress conditions with the primary objective being to avoid
 Provide technical advice and guidance to all relevant bodies on matters of disaster risk reduction and management as appropriate.  Thematic Working Groups for various needs and disaster risk management options will be established as discussed in Part II (Paragraph 7.11) for adoption in Balochistan.
District Disaster Management Authorities shall be established by the provincial government in hazard prone areas on a priority basis. The District Authority will comprise of the Nazim, District Coordination Officer (DCO), Police Officer ex-officio and EDO health. The local government can nominate other officers as members of the DDMA or MDMA. They may include EDOs for education and agriculture, Red Crescent, NGOs, media, private sector, fire services, or any other local stakeholders. Municipal Disaster Management Authorities (MDMA) will be established in urban areas and cities on similar lines. 39

The DDMA and MDMA will:  Formulate district disaster risk management plan, based upon local risk assessment, and coordinate its implementation,  Review development plans of government departments and provide guidance on mainstreaming disaster risk reduction measures in these plans,  Continuously monitor hazards, risks and vulnerable conditions within the district, municipality, or cantonment,  Prepare guidelines and standards for local stakeholders on disaster risk reduction,  Conduct education, training and public awareness programmes for local officials, stakeholders and communities,  Encourage involvement of community groups in disaster risk reduction and response by providing them necessary financial and technical assistance for implementing community level initiatives,  Examine construction in the area and if hazard safety standards have not been followed, direct the relevant entities to secure compliance of such standards,  Invest in specific capabilities according the requirement to manage all types of threat peculiar to local area,  Undertake appropriate preparedness measures at district level; e.g. maintain an early warning system, identify buildings to be used as evacuation sites, stockpile relief and rescue materials and identify alternative means for emergency communications,  In the event of a disaster, organize emergency response through the District Emergency Operations Centre (DEOC),  Keep linkages with the Provincial Disaster Management Authority and the Relief Department.  Perform such other functions as the Provincial Authority may assign to it,
Institutions at this level are the frontline of disaster risk reduction and response. For many departments this is the lowest level of administration where they interface directly with communities; agriculture, education, health, police, revenue and others. Extension workers of above departments could play a significant role in promoting risk reduction. For example agriculture extension workers could promote awareness of drought, flood or cyclone resistant crops. Health workers could raise people’s awareness about potential diseases that may occur after a flood or drought and how to prepare for them. Education officials could work on school disaster preparedness. Similarly Tehsil Authorities have an important role in organizing emergency response and relief; e.g. damage and loss assessment, recovery needs assessment. Tehsil and town Nazims will lead in risk reduction and response operations with the help of Tehsil or Town Municipal Officer in consultation with the DDMA. Other key players include; extension workers, police, fire services, community organizations (COs), traditional leaders and NGOs. Appropriate local structures would be established for risk reduction and preparedness.
Union Councils are the lowest tier in the governance structure. Elected representatives from village and ward levels form these bodies. These bodies have an important role in allocation of resources for local development works. Union Councils can play an important role in advocating demands of communities to the District Councils and DM Authorities. Community demands may include requests for allocation of resources from local budgets for hazard mitigation and vulnerability reduction activities; e.g. spurs for flood control, rainwater harvesting structures for drought mitigation, vocational training for livelihoods to reduce vulnerability etc. Therefore, it will be important to develop orientation and knowledge of local 40

political leadership at this level. More capable Union Councils may develop local policies and guidelines for vulnerability reduction.
In order to promote community level disaster risk management activities, the capacity of existing community organizations will be developed and enhanced by district and Tehsil authorities. In the absence of community organizations, new groups would be established to work on disaster risk reduction and management. CBOs will be trained about local early warning system, evacuation, first aid, search and rescue, fire fighting etc. Linkages would be developed between CBOs and relevant local agencies; e.g. agriculture, banks, health and veterinary services to promote disaster preparedness. Skills and knowledge of CBO leadership will also be developed in financial management, people management, resource mobilization, interpersonal communication and presentation and negotiation skills. The provision of Citizen Community Boards (CCBs) in Local Government Ordinance (LGO 2001) provides a good opportunity to organize communities and mobilize resources for issues like local level disaster risk management. 41

The following government departments in Balochistan perform different functions in their areas of mandate that contribute to development and disaster risk management in the province. Generally, government departments will do the following in relation to disaster risk management and response:  Establishment of Emergency Centre in their own departments for the coordination and in time response in case of any emergency.  Provision of cranes, dumpers, loaders tractors, road rollers, heavy trucks, generators, search lights and other machinery and cutters and other equipment necessary at the scene of incident.  Availability of standby skilled trained and qualified staffs that have the capacity of deal with any type of disaster.  Repair, maintenance and replacement of hanging and damaged electric wires in case of disaster in collaboration with power supply companies.  Establishment of mobile emergency teams for on spot repair of vehicle / Fire tenders and other heavy machinery.  Keeping sufficient stock of search lights, heavy duty bulbs, lantern, lights torches, trolleys, ropes, toe-chain, helmets etc. required in emergency.  Keeping standby arrangement to meet all emergencies related to electricity break down and cases of electrocution  Displacement of heavy machinery out of rush area to meet any emergency and to reduce reacting time.  Removal of debris, obstacles/road blocks to ensure smooth flow of traffic  Remove any encroachment obstructing the relief work.  Restoration of normalcy after disaster or major livelihood disruption in the province. Other department specific activities in relation to disaster risk management are:
The Agricultural Engineering Department is composed of engineers specialized in rural agriculture. These are responsible for field work, workshops’ maintenance, running department’s stores, maintaining accounts and dealing with administrative affairs that contributes to development in the province thus reducing disaster risk. The human resource strength of the department is 1952. The department mainly deals with provision of machinery for creation and maintenance of access roads to agricultural areas in the province. The department has heavy machinery such as tractor, lifting cranes, and others. The main functions of the department in relation to disaster risk management are:
 Allocate funds in annual budget for implementation of disaster risk management activities in hazard prone areas; 42

 Undertake vulnerability and risk analysis for food, agriculture and livestock sectors in hazard prone areas, particularly in relation to floods, droughts, cyclones and locust;  Ensure sustainable livelihoods in areas of recurrent climate risks (i.e. arid and semi-arid zones, flood and drought prone areas) by promoting supplementary income generation from off-farm (e.g. animal husbandry) and non-farm activities;  Promote effective insurance and credit schemes to compensate for crop damage and losses to livelihoods due to natural hazards;  Levelling of Agricultural Land and Construction of Dykes / Sailaba Bundat, to harness the runoff of rainfall, thus conserving moisture for utilization in Sailaba (flood) cultivation, and preparation of new land on stream bed, which is formed after silting up.  Construction of micro dams for the storage of flash-water with a view to maintain and recharge the aquifer to ensure regular availability of irrigation water through neighbouring springs, tube wells, and open surface wells,  Reclamation and development of cultivable wastelands,
 Coordinate with PDMA and jointly identify appropriate actions for reducing vulnerability of food, agriculture and livestock to disaster risks;  Coordinate with PMDA, and research institutions to establish warning systems for identification of risks to food, agriculture and livestock sectors;  Develop disaster risk management plan to deal with hazards and disasters with relation to department’s mandate and assets;  Promote contingency crop planning to deal with year to year climate variations and crop diversification including use of hazard resistant crops, to deal with shifts in climate patterns;  Develop capacity and raise awareness of staff of departments at provincial levels, local extension workers and farmers on disaster preparedness for food, agriculture and livestock sectors;
 Assist in saving crops, agricultural land and livestock in disaster situation;  Make available inputs like seed plant, fertilizers and agricultural equipment to victims of disasters on credit basis;  Survey and investigate extent of damages to crops and livestock;  Ensure adequate availability of food stocks in disaster situation;  Organize ration depots at location required by the local authorities;  Restoration of flood damages to agricultural fields, roads and railway tracks during emergency  Provision of agricultural machinery to farmers on subsidized rates for harvesting and threshing of wheat and paddy.
The mission of Livestock and Dairy Department is to create an environment for enhancement of livestock production as a vehicle for social security, poverty alleviation, and rural development and to contribute towards domestic requirements of food and exportable surpluses in Balochistan. Livestock & Dairy Development Department (established 1973) caters to the requirements of livestock sector in the province. Livestock is a very vital sector for the rural people’s livelihoods in the majority of Balochistan, contributing even more than all the other agricultural crops combined. Other services offered by the department towards disaster risk management are: 43

 Undertake vulnerability and risk analysis for food, livestock sectors in hazard-prone areas, particularly in relation to droughts and locust;  Coordinate with PDMA and jointly identify appropriate actions for reducing vulnerability of drought risks to livestock,  Coordinate with PMDA, and research institutions to establish warning systems for identification of risks to livestock sector;  Develop capacity and raise awareness of staff of the department at provincial levels, local extension workers and farmers on disaster preparedness for livestock sectors;  Ensure sustainable livelihoods in areas of recurrent climate risks (i.e. arid and semi-arid zones, and drought prone areas) by promoting supplementary income generation from off-farm (e.g. animal husbandry) and non-farm activities; provide market outlets for the products of rural farmers.
 Provide early warning information to livestock farmers regarding drought.  Ensure fodder security to the rural livestock economy  Provide veterinary services to the livestock farmers  Allocate funds in annual budget for implementation of disaster risk management activities in hazard prone areas with relation to livestock sub-sector;  Promote contingency planning to deal with year to year climate variations and that trigger and exacerbate drought  Develop disaster risk management plan to deal with hazards and disasters with relation to department’s mandate and assets;
 Provide emergency animal feeds in times of extreme bad weather such as severe drought  Provide emergency animal vaccines during outbreaks of animal diseases .
The Irrigation network in Balochistan comprises irrigation canals, drains, tube-wells, small dams and flood protection infrastructure on the main rivers flowing in the province. According to the Agricultural Census the area under run-off and spate irrigation fluctuates between 30,000 and 150,000 ha in Balochistan Province. The areas under canal irrigation and minor (including groundwater) irrigation each are comparable and are 140,000 ha. The core functions of the Irrigation and Power Department in relation to disaster risk management are:
 Develop capacities of the Irrigation Department to mitigate floods and droughts  Assist local authorities and communities in building rain water harvesting tanks and systems in arid zones  Operation and upkeep of the irrigation system of the province;  Planning, prioritization and implementation of maintenance works through approved O&M Work Plans, and under third party top supervision of existing irrigation systems ; 44

 Optimize the use of water resources in the province by the equitable distribution of irrigation water supplies  Provide for and executing plans for the management of river floods in the province, and to construct and maintain flood protection programs/works;  Promote the participation of beneficiaries in the management of the irrigation and drainage systems of the province, in line with the requirements of the Irrigation Act  Administer the Electricity Act and Village Electrification matters.  Undertake vulnerability and risk analysis for flood prone areas;  Coordinate with PDMA and jointly identify appropriate actions for reducing vulnerability to flood and other risks that may disrupt livelihoods in the irrigation areas. 
 Complete repairs of flood protection works in the pre flood season  Develop disaster risk management plan to deal with hazards and disasters with relation to department’s mandate and assets;  Allocate funds in annual budget for implementation of disaster risk management activities in flood and drought prone areas;
 De-silt of irrigation canals after the floods  Providing assistance and evacuating trapped people during floods
The Environment Protection Department of Government of Balochistan plays an important role in improving the plight of common man and bringing about a perceptible change within the society by minimizing and eliminating adverse environmental effects of effluents being discharged from industrial activity, wastes of all kinds and pollution detrimental to public health, safety and welfare. The Department enforces qualitative and quantitative standards for discharge of effluents, waste, air pollutants or noise either for the general applicability or for a particular area or from a particular source in the form of National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS) and other standards established under the Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997 and any rules and regulations framed there under. The department functions under the provisions of Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997. Its main functions and duties in relation to disaster risk management are:
 Undertake vulnerability and risk analysis for environmental hazards and resources  Coordinate with PDMA and jointly identify appropriate actions for reducing vulnerability of hazards  Administer laws, rules and regulations relating to the environment within the province.  Evaluate Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) and Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of new projects and issue No Objection Certificates (NOCs).  Provide information and create awareness in public for environmental issues.  Enforce National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS) to control pollution.  Establish systems for surveys, surveillance and monitoring of the pollutants and maintain laboratory for testing and monitoring. 45

 Take measures to promote sustainable development and provide information on environment friendly technology.  Incorporate Natural Disaster Risk Assessment in the Environmental Impact Assessment guidelines;  Develop technical capacities of the staff of department to undertake disaster risk assessment and disaster risk reduction activities in the environment sector;  Undertake assessment of vulnerability of natural resources (forest, lakes, streams, mangroves, coral reefs, protected areas, coastal areas) to natural and human induced hazards;  Implement programmes for conservation and rehabilitation of natural resources in order to reduce risks of natural hazards; e.g. reforestation, mangrove plantation, combating desertification, conservation of special natural resources; e.g. wetlands, lakes, reefs, mangroves, and coastal areas;  Allocate resources for implementation of programmes to conserve and rehabilitate the natural resource base, particularly in up-stream areas of rivers
 Develop disaster risk management plan to deal with hazards and disasters with relation to department’s mandate and assets;  Allocate funds in annual budget for implementation of disaster risk management activities in hazard prone areas and protection of the environment;  Develop disaster risk management plan for risk reduction and response with relation to department’s mandate;  Provide Ambient Air Quality Testing & Monitoring facilities.
 Develop mechanisms for assessment of environmental losses and damages in the aftermath of disasters and their rehabilitation;
The Health department, an executive unit of the provincial government, is responsible to provide health services and deals with all matters related to regulating the health sector in the light of federal and provincial health policies and programs’ guidelines. The provincial set-up provides technical assistance, policy cover, and implementation of some preventive programs only. Therefore, statistics on health facilities and human resources may be seen keeping this observation. The mission of the department is to provide health services to all through augmentation of sustainable health initiatives focusing on human resource development and private sector and community participation The main functions in relation to disaster risk management are:
 Undertake vulnerability and risk analysis for health related issues;  Conduct hazard based mapping of all health care facilities, including vulnerability assessment (infrastructure and organizational setup) and integrate hazard resilience measures;  Develop a disease surveillance system to identify hotspots for communicable disease in the province;  Enhance disaster management capacities of health work force (all cadres at all levels) in collaboration with other departments; 46

 Prepare protocols and guidelines to address all priority public health issues as part of preparedness, response and recovery plans;  Integrate disaster preparedness and response capacities into all existing and future health programs at provincial and district level;  Build effective linkages and coordination with all health agencies/ stakeholders;
 Develop disaster risk management plan to deal with communicable diseases, injuries following mass causality accidents and disasters with relation to department’s mandate and assets;  Allocate funds in annual budget for implementation of disaster risk management activities  Coordinate with PDMA and jointly identify appropriate actions for reducing vulnerability to health risks  Act as focal point for managing all aspect of healthcare preparedness, response and recovery in a disaster situation in close coordination with the PDMA;  Prepare disaster risk management plan for each level of health care facilities, including management of mass casualties, epidemics and submit this plan to the PDMA for better coordination of efforts;  Provide technical support in all health related areas to PDMA  Device strategies for community involvement in all aspects of emergency preparedness, response and recovery plans with regards to health sector;
 Establish emergency health operation to ensure better coordination and mobilization in emergency/ disaster situation at all levels;  Set-up medical camps and mobilize emergency health teams including mobile hospitals, to be deployed in the event of a disaster;  Mobilize all available health resources and possible assets for emergency interventions;
The mission of PHE is to facilitate the deprived rural population to have access to safe drinking water in order to eliminate sufferings of women fetching drinking water from far flung areas and to eradicate water borne diseases. The main functions in relation to disaster risk management are:
 Undertake vulnerability and risk analysis for drinking water safety  Coordinate with PDMA and jointly identify appropriate actions for reducing vulnerability to        unsafe water; Identify potential water supply schemes in terms of priority for development; Improvement of sewerage system and sanitary conditions to control flood risk; Proper management of water supply and sewerage facilities; Social organization of communities to enable them to participate in scheme design and development; Maintain and update records of all water supply schemes using Management Information System (MIS); and Service matters except those entrusted to Services and General Administration department. Make available piped water, in adequate quantity, for drinking and house-hold purposes; 47

 Develop disaster risk management plan to deal with hazards and disasters with relation to department’s mandate and assets;  Allocate funds in annual budget for implementation of disaster risk management activities in relation to access of safe drinking water;   Prepare technical design for the identified schemes; Protection of water sources from contamination by continuous water treatment and stream pollution control;
 Provide clean drinking water during emergencies and disaster situations  Develop disaster risk management plans to the department’s mandate and capacities  Work with other stakeholders to assess the safety of water for safe drinking and domestic use as well as ensure proper sanitation services to minimize water contamination after disaster.
The mission of the Planning Department is to plan judiciously the scarce financial resources to improve socio-economic conditions of the masses of the province. The main functions in relation to risk management are:
 Allocate funds in annual budget for implementation of disaster risk management activities in development programming;   Undertake vulnerability, risk and capacity analysis for development programmes and projects. Coordinate with PDMA and jointly identify appropriate actions for reducing vulnerability to disaster risks      Planning including policy development; Economic research and matters relating to sustainable development Processing of all development schemes, programs and proposals submitted by other Departments and making recommendations to Government thereon; To evaluate the progress of development schemes and write their critical appraisal; Initiation of measures for giving suitable publicity to the Development Plan and educating the Public on the results achieved from time to time;  Work with autonomous bodies i.e. Quetta Development Authority, Balochistan Development Authority, Gawadar Development Authority, Balochistan Coastal Development Authority, and Balochistan Water and Sanitation Authority;    Inter-departmental Co-operation in cases relating to Economic Policy and Development; Monitoring and evaluation of all development projects and programs in the province Assist development projects and programmes to incorporate DRR/M in their implementation.
 Assist PDMA in evaluation of damages and losses after disaster 48

Local Government is public business, managed by the elected representatives of the people. Local Government as such is the legal institution created by statute, whose decisions have the force of law within a specific geographic area and these are a part of the integrated system and share responsibility with other level of government for provision of varied public services. Main functions in relation to disaster risk management are:
 Undertake vulnerability and risk analysis for rural populations  Coordinate with PDMA and jointly identify appropriate actions for reducing vulnerability and building community resilience  To regulate Government institution in Balochistan for transparent and efficient governance  To enable local government institutions to develop efficient service delivery to the people  To help institution building at grass root levels for social empowerment.  Undertake vulnerability analysis of the local government property and infrastructure located in hazard prone areas  Integrate vulnerability reduction strategies in the development infrastructure and property  Organize orientation of department staff in hazard prone areas on disaster risk assessment and vulnerability reduction.
 Develop disaster risk management plan to deal with hazards and disasters with relation to department’s mandate and assets;  Allocate funds in annual budget for implementation of disaster risk management activities in rural areas  Provide additional funding for disaster risk reduction initiatives at local and rural level
 Equip and develop the capacities of emergency response departments within the department for effective emergency response.
The Department offers financial services and advisory as well as management of certain government funds. In relation to disaster risk management, the department:  Coordinates with PDMA about needs for financial resources to promote disaster risk management programmes in the province;  Allocate financial resources to PDMA and other line ministries and departments for implementation of disaster risk management activities as part of their development plans;  Allocate funds for the establishment of a Provincial Disaster Management Fund, which could be utilized to organize emergency relief and to monetize the affected areas;  Monitor and evaluate utilization of funds by relevant authorities and departments on disaster risk management; 49

 Encourage financial service sectors and local capital markets to develop schemes for financing disaster risk reduction measures by families and community organizations;  Incorporate provisions in micro-finance schemes to have flexible repayment schedules for recipients who have been affected by a disaster;
The mission of the department is to contribute in socio-economic uplift of Balochistan by developing road infrastructure and constructing buildings to support development activities. The main functions in relation to disaster risk management include:
 Develop provincial building codes for safer construction of houses, buildings and infrastructure in hazard-prone areas for multiple hazards; e.g. earthquakes, floods, landslides, storms/cyclones;  Develop sample designs of house, high-rise buildings and infrastructure (bridges, roads) for safer construction in hazard-prone rural and urban areas;  Promote sample-safer-designs through media and other channels in order to enhance mass level awareness and application;  Promote compliance and enforcement of local building laws requiring prescribed standards under National Building Codes in hazard-prone urban areas;  Conduct training of builders, contractors and masons on safer construction methods;  Allocate funds for promoting safer construction practices;  Implement pilot programmes on safer construction in hazard-prone areas to enhance awareness;  Monitor construction of government buildings and infrastructure in hazard prone areas to ensure that safer construction techniques are followed;  Incorporate disaster risk assessment in the planning process for construction of new roads and bridges;  Promote use of hazard risk information in land-use planning and zoning programmes;  Construction, maintenance, repairs and fixation of disaster resistant residential and non residential government buildings, dak bungalows and circuit houses and supply of equipment.  Coordination between the federal government, provincial government’s departments and agencies regarding implementation of National Housing Policy.  Construction, maintenance and repairs of provincial, district and rural roads, bridges, tunnels and causeway etc.  Coordination with the federal government / National Highway Authority regarding construction and maintenance of national highways.
 Prepare a disaster risk management plan with relation to Department programs, infrastructure and mandate;  Develop guidelines on conduct of damage and loss assessment to infrastructure and housing sectors in the wake of a disaster, and conduct assessments after disasters;
 Organize emergency repairs for restoration of public transport routes after major disaster;  Create access route for emergency response after major disaster 50

The mission of the department is to promote Information Technology (IT) as a viable commercial industry, with special emphasis on the area of human capital development, e-government, e-commerce and to highlight the potential for capital investments and business development opportunities in the province. Following the National IT Policy and Action Plan, Balochistan Government is coordinating with the Ministry of IT & Telecommunication for identification and formulation of large scale IT projects. Balochistan IT department is mainly focusing on the development of human resource required for the realization e-government and the needed infrastructure with automation of business processes. IT plays a key role in disaster risk management discourse in contemporary world. Some key functions related to disaster risk management are:
 Ensure that ITU based standards and practices are implemented by the operators at the province    and especially the disaster risk management institutions and departments ; Allocate funds in annual budget for implementation of disaster risk management activities Undertake vulnerability and risk analysis on IT infrastructure Coordinate with PDMA and jointly identify appropriate actions for reducing vulnerability of IT   infrastructure to disaster risks; Development of IT infrastructure in public and government sectors; IT development initiatives in private sector; and Promoting IT education and development.
 Develop alternative technologies to facilitate telecommunication during disaster in affected     areas, in case of the collapse of mainstream communication systems; Coordinate with PDMA and the Provincial Emergency Operations Centre (PEOC) to ensure the provision of alternative communication technology and services to disaster survivors and response agencies; Ensure safety of telecommunication infrastructure in hazard-prone areas; Develop trained manpower working in subordinate organizations who could be called in emergency for restoration purposes; Maintain through the National Telecommunication Corporation (NTC) a pool of telecom equipment preferably satellite/wireless based for provision and establishment of emergency   telecom network. Develop disaster risk management plan to mitigate against hazards and disasters that may affect the IT infrastructure in the province, with relation to department’s mandate and assets; Work with PDMA to have a robust communication infrastructure for efficient use in times of disaster
 Focal department for telecom resource management during disaster relief operations;
The mission of the Industries and Mineral Development Department (I&MD) is to promote and facilitate Industry and Mineral Development, Information Technology and Technical, Commercial/Vocational Training in Balochistan. The main objectives and functions of the department are: 51

 Establish systems to monitor implementation of guidelines by industrial sector;  Develop system of incentives and disincentives for industry to promote application of disaster safety;  Implement awareness raising programmes for industrial sector including Chambers of Commerce and Industry (CCI) on integrating disaster risk assessment and vulnerability reduction in project planning and implementation stages;  Monitor and encourage implementation of safety codes in industry;  Providing technical assistance to prospective investors with special emphasis on small & cottage industries.  Registration& Inspection of Boilers and adjudication of cases.  Infrastructure development in Small industrial Estates and developing Export Processing Zones.
 Develop disaster risk management plan with regards to the mandate of the Department in the province;  Develop guidelines for industrial sector to ensure safety of industry and its production processes in hazard-prone areas;  Prepare inventories of industries based upon the type of chemicals and raw materials used in their products and the dangers posed by various types of industries;  Initiate demonstration programmes on industrial disaster preparedness;  Develop physical capability to manage all types of likely industrial disasters including chemical disasters” after appropriately rewording.  Develop safety codes for all industries to reduce risks of industrial and chemical hazards and to ensure vulnerability reduction from natural hazards;  Develop SOPs for emergency response to industrial disasters;
The department takes care of the protection of the forest, wildlife and the aquatic resources. Some of the functions in relation to disaster risk management are:
 Technical advice for rangeland planting and raising of tree nurseries for afforestation and reafforestation programmes.  Coordinate with the PDMA and other scientific agencies to gather information about hazards and risks prevalent in rangelands that may lead to desertification;  Build capacity of the staff of department at the province on disaster preparedness in wildlife sector;  Create awareness through biennial tree planting and reafforestation programmes  Supply of drought resistant seeds of tree species to farmers and communities.  Control grazing of animal to rangeland areas that have endangered tree species.  Supply of timber, firewood, grazing grass and other minor forest produce through open public sales.  Advice for marketing and industrialization of forestry products. 52

 Develop recreational facilities in a sustainable manner in the rangeland areas.  Ensure a pollution free liveable environment in the areas of mandate.  Offer forestry educations to institutions and schools.  Management of fisheries resources  Conservation of fish stock and Development of fisheries potential  Extension and research services as per department’s mandate
 Develop disaster risk management plan with regards to the mandate of the department in the province  Publish materials for communities and other stakeholders about seasonality of hazards and risks in areas of grazing for pasture and water
In pursuance of National Mineral Policy 1995, the Government of Balochistan created Mines and Mineral department in March 2002. The main function of the department is to facilitate the exploration and mining activities, and extend services in this regard. Three wings namely Directorate General of Mines and Minerals, Inspectorate of Mines, and Mines Labour Welfare Organization, Balochistan, are working in the department to achieve the objectives assigned to the department. The following are the key functions.  Grant of Concessions of minerals.  Regulation of Balochistan Mining Concession Rules.  Collection of royalty and rent, and resolving the boundary disputes.  Technical assistance / advice to the mines owners for scientific exploration of minerals.  Identification, implementation and monitoring of development projects. The Director (Technical) Exploration / Environmental / Promotion and Cartographer (Geologist / Mining Engineer) compiles and evaluates geo-data and make available geographical maps and services to the industry. He also Provides advisory services to the industry and conducts inspection of mines, quarries and exploration sites to study environmental and land rehabilitation conditions and plans; collects and analyzes data and makes recommendations as the case may require. In the light of the following mentioned Laws and Regulation Acts, (Mines Act 1923, Coal Mines Regulation 1926, Metaliferous Mines Regulations 1926, Consolidated Mines Rules 1952, Electricity Rules 1937); the Inspectorate of Mines performs the following functions: • Perform periodical inspection of every mine by making at least 10 inspections in each month to verify the safety provision of Mines Act, 1923, Rules and Regulations made there under. • Make inquiries in case of fatal accidents and to take punitive action against the defaulters as provided under the law. • Attend mine emergencies in case of accident by providing rescue facilities to the mine operators/owners in all mines. • Conduct mine safety training to the supervisory staff of mines by arranging refreshers courses at the established rescue stations free of cost. 53

The Inspectorate has two wings: Inspection Wing and Mine Rescue and Safety Wing.
mines and prosecution of the defaulter who violate the safety provisions of Mines Act 1923. Five Inspectors of mines and five Junior Inspectors are working at Quetta, Sibi, Nasirabad, Zhob and Kalat districts.
the mines supervisor and technicians in mines safety and rescue work. The Wing also provides rescue services, in cases of emergency, to the effected workers of mines if any mishap occurs. The following offices are rendering rescue and safety services: a) Central Mines Rescue and safety station Sanjidi, District Quetta. b) Mines Rescue & Safety Training Centre Narwar, District, Quetta. c) Mines Rescue & Safety Training Centre, Mach. d) Mines Rescue & Safety Training Centre Duki, District, Loralai. e) Mines Training Centre Quetta. Other mitigation functions are:  Develop disaster risk management plan to deal with hazards and disasters with relation to department’s mandate and assets;  Allocate funds in annual budget for enforcement of safety regulations in mines and industries;  Coordinate with PDMA and jointly identify appropriate actions for reducing vulnerability to accidents in mines and industries;  Mines& Minerals: Geological surveys, Regulating mines, Enforcement of Mineral Rules, Grant & Transfer of prospecting licenses and mineral leases.
Education lies at the heart of the dynamic and complex relationship that profoundly influences the destiny of individuals and society as a whole. Both formal and non formal education and particularly basic education and training especially for girls, are vehicles of empowerment as well as essential to addressing the root causes of poverty inequality and exclusion. A powerful correlation exists between education and attainment of goals aimed at building the resilience of communities. The following are the main functions of the department in relation to disaster risk reduction and management:
 Develop curriculum for schools, colleges and universities on disaster risk management, particularly in hazard-prone areas;  Implement school, college and university level activities to enhance awareness of students and to promote overall preparedness in educational institutions through conducting drills, reducing vulnerability etc;  Identify and inventory vulnerable educational institutions and infrastructure of the department in hazard-prone areas;  Implement actions to reduce vulnerability of built infrastructure in education sector in hazard prone areas, e.g. retrofitting, renovation, rebuilding etc;  Construct all new schools, colleges, universities and other educational buildings located in hazard-prone areas to higher standards of hazard resilience; 54

 Develop a disaster risk management plan for the Department covering aspects of risk reduction, preparedness and response and curriculum development on disaster risk education in schools and learning institutions;  Develop capacities in schools of hazard prone areas to cater for additional water, sanitation and other administrative chores to affected populations in the event of disaster;  Encourage local educational authorities and teachers to prepare school disaster response plans and their implementation;  Allocate funds for safer construction and disaster preparedness activities at school, college, and university levels in hazard-prone areas;  Conduct orientation programmes to raise awareness of education authorities, professors and teachers about disaster risks in hazard-prone areas;
 Provide provisional assistance on education on times of disaster to ensure continuity of learning
The Social Welfare Department aims at providing a better Social milieu by helping the neglected handicapped and socially disadvantaged people. This objective is achieved through use of techniques and methods, which are designed to enable individuals, groups and communities to solve their problems and felt needs through cooperative actions, and relying on their own resources. The Social Welfare Department performs some of the following functions in relation to disaster risk management:-
 Conduct research to identify most vulnerable social groups in hazard- prone areas in the province;  Coordinate with PDMA and the Ministry of Law, Justice and Human Rights to ensure that needs of most vulnerable social groups are addressed during disasters;  Registration and Control of Voluntary Social Welfare Organizations.  Supervision and Control of Orphanages.  Special Education and Rehabilitation of the Disabled.  Rehabilitation of poor and destitute, through Training and Rehabilitation Centres.  Coordination of Social Welfare Programmes /Schemes.  Capacity building for the prevention, early detection of disability in childhood.  Assessment of the scope of the problem of childhood/other age group in the province.  Strengthening of Community based rehabilitative services for disabled and disadvantaged persons.  Involvement of the community, and family, especially mothers in the rehabilitation of their children with disability.
 Prepare department’s plan to address disaster vulnerabilities of most vulnerable social groups; e.g. minorities, women, disabled, children before, during and after disasters;  Develop awareness and capacities of the department staff about the role of social welfare in disaster risk management;  Implement awareness raising, and preparedness programmes with most vulnerable social groups; 55

 Prepare inventories about potential post disaster needs of most vulnerable social groups through conducting assessments in hazard prone areas;
 Make institutional (establishment of a committee, establishment of outreach offices during disasters and arrangements for provision of relief and recovery assistance to most vulnerable social groups;  Manage post-hospitalization care, recovery and rehabilitation of poor and vulnerable casualties after disaster;  Manage upkeep and rehabilitation of all vulnerable groups in post disaster scenario;
The Government of Balochistan assigns a high priority to provide electricity to lesser developed areas of the province. As the traditional methods, depending upon hydro energy, are not sufficient to meet the demand and that the thermal energy resources are expensive and environmentally unsafe, renewable energy resources are to be exploited, wherever feasible, for sustainable development at village, district and divisional levels in the province. To develop the renewable energy resources the Government of Balochistan plans to undertake the following projects:   Install windmill and solar energy systems in coastal areas were sufficient data is available for design purposes, and carryout detailed feasibility study for the remaining areas Integration of warning system to tsunami and cyclone safety in the coastal area.
The Department of Culture, Archives and Tourism strives to protect the cultural heritage of Balochistan, both tangible as well as intangible, and promote tourism in the province. The Gawadar project, Coastal highway and communication linkages connecting Pakistan to central Asia will open up attraction sites to the whole world. Functions generally in relation to disaster risk management include:
 Promotion and Propagation of sustainable Tourism in the province.  Promotion & Development of Sports & Sports facilities.  Promotion & Preservation of our Cultural Heritage.  Promote disaster risk management education in cultural activities and education in the province  Development of Museums and Promotion of Youth Affairs.  promote cultural activities in the province;  highlight Balochistan’s distinct cultural heritage by arranging exhibitions, dances and music programmes featuring particularly folksongs;  impart training in folk arts and fine arts including calligraphy;  To promote and develop tourist hazard safety in Balochistan.  To establish the requisite infrastructure for tourism promotion.  To develop tourism related commercial projects which take into consideration public safety.  To develop tourist facilities: Hotels, rest houses, and restaurants and ensure safety in those facilities.  To set up Tourist Information Centres to provide relevant information. 56

 Develop disaster risk management plan to deal with hazards and disasters with relation to department’s mandate and assets especially focussing on safety in sports and social affairs facilities ;  Allocate funds in annual budget for implementation of disaster risk management and reduction activities in accident prone areas of sports and social facilities in the province;  Coordinate with PDMA and jointly identify appropriate actions for reducing vulnerability following accidents in social gatherings and sports arenas.
 Participate in disaster and emergency response as per the department
The mission of the Law Department is to watch and protect the interest of the State in the Courts of Law and to put into proper form provincial legislation and assist the Provincial Government in its legal matters. Under the Balochistan Government Rules of Business, 1976, the following business is assigned to the Law Department in relation to disaster risk management:  Develop appropriate laws and regulations to ensure the provision of relief and recovery packages to disaster survivors;  Monitor the situation of human rights in affected areas and take action on human rights violations of disaster survivors; e.g. denial of aid, capturing of property, kidnapping of children or women, and harm to elderly;  Work with relevant UN agencies and other organisations to ensure the human rights of affected people following disaster are upheld;  Prepare reports about potential bottlenecks that may hinder certain vulnerable groups of disaster survivors from receiving relief and rehabilitation packages;  Implement programmes to raise awareness of the staff of ministry on human rights and disasters;  Advice to Departments on all legal matters, including interpretation of laws, rules and orders having the force of law in relation to disaster risk management.
It is an attached department of the provincial government responsible for the over all publicity and public relation. It is through this department that the government in the province keeps contact with mass media including newspapers, magazines, radio, TV and cinema. At least one of its representatives works with each department/organization of the province as Public Relations Officer and provides news to the mass media through the department’s Directorate. The department is crucial for raising public awareness on disaster risk management initiatives in the province. The main functions in relation to disaster risk reduction are:  Develop a communication action plan to ensure the availability of communication services in case of the occurrence of a disaster;  Coordinate with the PDMA to receive information about the disaster risks and preparedness strategies, particularly about community preparedness;  Train the staff of communications ministry and the private sector media personnel from electronic, and print media to raise their awareness about disaster risks and the role of media in promoting community preparedness 57

 Implement programmes on awareness raising of vulnerable communities in high risk areas of the country;  Arrangement of inter-provincial goodwill / informational / educational tours for purposes of learning good practice experiences  Addressing any other media/communication related issues as required in relation to disaster risk management.
The main mission of the department is to eliminate gender discrimination against women, help women achieve equal status to that of men in all walks of life. The functions in relation to disaster risk management include:  Develop disaster risk management plan with regards to the mandate of the department at the province;  Raise awareness of decision makers and staff at the department about special vulnerabilities and capacities of women with relation to disasters;  Make institutional arrangements for involvement of women in disaster risk management;  Promote awareness amongst women in hazard-prone areas about disaster risks and disaster preparedness;  Develop capacities of women’s organizations on disaster risk management;  Ensure that needs of women survivors are addressed in post disaster situations during the relief, rehabilitation and reconstruction phases;  Facilitate participation of women in the management of relief, rehabilitation and reconstruction activities;  Support post-disaster rehabilitation of livelihoods of women survivors, which is mostly in the informal sector and is ignored many times;
The mission of the police force is to improve the quality of civic life by working in partnership with the community to preserve peace, reduce fear and to maintain maximize law and order. Main functions in most times are to respond to emergencies to ensure public safety. Some of the functions in relation to disaster risk management are:  Maintenance of law and order situation in and around the incidence scene  Cordon the affected area and control mob/crowd to facilitate the rescue operation  Provide all relevant help/assistance to the rescue workers to carry out the emergency work without any distortion/interference  Provide necessary help in evacuation of causalities from the affected area and arrange guidance/traffic cover  Protect the resource and equipment required and being used at the scene of incidence/rescue.  Prevention and detection of crime.  Protection of life and property.  Beef up/reinforce the resources required at the scene of accident.
These mainly participate in preparedness and response. Their capacity should be developed to be equipped with disaster risk management knowledge. 58

 Ensure free flow of rescue and public transport vehicles and transport  Ensure easy access for emergency/rescue vehicles to disaster sites  To arrange sufficient space for the deployment of emergency vehicles by manning traffic signals  Provision of cranes, toe-chain, mobile workshop or any other machinery required in connection with crises management through other sources not covered in these instructions.  Make alternate traffic plan to avoid inconvenience to general public and ensure unhindered rescue work at the scene of accident.  To provide reflective lights/reflectors around the scene of incident at night, to facilitate the working of rescue workers/fire-fighters and to indicate the troubled areas.
The Fire Brigade Department will mainly develop its capacity for disaster preparedness and response in the province. Some of the key functions are:
 Training of manpower during peace time to work in all sorts of environments especially under poisonous gases and nuclear / biological and chemical warfare  Identification of high risk area vulnerable to fire hazards and conducting public awareness programmes on fire safety  Standby arrangements to meet any unexpected situation during and after a major incidence  Purchase and maintain fire fighting machinery and equipment;  Develop fire risk monitoring systems in urban localities;  Raise awareness of citizens and stakeholders; e.g. hotel, restaurant, shop owners, petrol pump owners, about potential fire risks and strategies for combating fire;  Develop technical skills of volunteers on fire fighting;  Conduct fire fighting drills on regular basis;  Establishment of Emergency Operation Centre at several district headquarters
 Deployment of necessary staff with duty roaster and telephone numbers of local persons of other coordinating agencies.  Deployment of fire tenders, water Bowsers, fire fighting equipment, rescue vehicles and other fire fighting equipment, heavy machinery at the scene of incident/disaster.  To coordinate efforts made by the concerned agencies to control the incident appropriately.  Prioritize the work as per the situation and issue instruction to all concerned to start activities concurrently.  Rescue of people from fire traps and debris and providing first aid as appropriate  Deploy fire fighting teams;
The Fire Civil Defence will mainly develop its capacity for disaster preparedness and response in the province. Some of the key functions are: 59

 Create community awareness on public safety  Recruit/induct operational staff for SAR teams with required specialized skills;  Enhance capabilities of the existing Search and Rescue teams of Pakistan;  Ensure provision of trained rescue workers / Razakars and First Aid Staff  Educate and train people / volunteers on first aid and emergency evacuations and protection procedures against poisonous gases, chemical/biological/radiological explosions or attack.  Participate in emergency drills
 Save lives by rapid extrication of persons trapped beneath debris or in buildings damaged by a natural or man made disaster;  Render first aid to injured persons and transport them to nearest hospitals;  Ensure evacuation from damaged buildings/structures including demolition of damaged structures to avoid further loss of life and properties;  Provide quick and effective search and rescue coverage, protection and operation in case of any disaster;  Assist in debris clearance and restoration of essential services to the affected buildings;  Search and defuse unexploded bombs in the affected areas;  Provide handy emergency rescue equipment as may be deemed fit  Work with the Fire Brigade in Rescue and First Aid operations related to fire and other rescue incidents  Keep sirens operation for warning
The Pakistan Meteorological Department is both a scientific and a service department. It is responsible for providing meteorological service throughout Pakistan to wide variety of interest and for numerous public activities and projects which require weather information. Apart from meteorology, the department is also concerned with Agro-meteorology, Hydrology, Astronomy and Astrophysics Seismology, Geomagnetism, etc. Department provides information on meteorological and geophysical matters with the objective of traffic safety in air, on land and sea, mitigation of disasters due to weather and geophysical phenomena, agriculture development based on climatic potential of the country, prediction and modification of weather forecast. The department also appraises weather data and trends for longer term predictions and preparedness. The department disseminates warning about hazards to relevant users for early response such as evacuation.
Hospitals will develop their capacity in readiness to receive and treat casualties following disaster or offer services to combat diseases. The hospitals should be built to withstand major hazards in the province. Some core functions are:  Receive causalities and injured in case of a major incidence  Participate in preparedness drills in the province  Provision and deployment of medical and paramedical personnel to the scene of incident or disaster. 60

 Provision of mobile medical services and ambulance service with medical facilities to affected areas.  Standby arrangements to meet any medical needs during and after the incident and stocking of sufficient medicines in all hospitals/medical centres  Establishment of temporary team to provide vaccination and medication when required.  Arrangement of patients’ beds and earmarking of patient wards to meet any emergency/crisis needs  Provide blood transfusion facilities and motivate the people to donate blood  Registration of mortuaries of disposal of dead 61

QESCO supplies electricity to the entire Balochistan province. Sources of power supply include the National Grid; the Makran Regional Grid and small power houses, which are manned by 2739 technical and 3087 non-technical staff.  Development and provision of power and electricity service to the community in Balochistan  Provision of temporary power supply at the place of major incident or disaster  Disconnection and reconnection of power supply as appropriate to avoid secondary hazards of electricity fire following a major disaster  Attend to snapping wire and remove broken or snapped wires immediately especially in times of disaster and minimize secondary hazards.  Repair and replace hanging and damaged power lines that may cause other hazards  Maintenance of power supply lines and address of public complaints promptly in case of power failure
This is the main gas supplier company in the province. Some of the main functions in relation to disaster preparedness and response are:  To constitute a team well equipped with the tools to meet any emergency response to the company’s mandate. The team should be available at shortest possible time and telephone number to be contacted be made available to the emergency operation centre  Evolve a system to provide immediate relief/assistance to all customers in case of emergency. Reaction needs to be improved to handle the gas accident in more pragmatic manner.  Development and provision of gas services to the people and institutions  Disconnect and reconnect gas supply at affected arrears as need be to minimize escalation of secondary hazards  Provision of emergence portable gas at times of disaster in areas that are not connected.
The Civil Aviation Authority is in charge of regulation of air transport and safety in airports. Other related key functions in relation to disaster risk management are:  Provision of fire tenders/crash tenders or any other appropriate machinery as per need, in case of a plane crash or related incidence  Provide fire rescue service at the scene of incidence or plane crash  Provision of sufficient number of skilled/unskilled persons, to meet disaster /crisis situation in case of emergency involving plane crash.  To provide foam compound as per requirement on loan basis in case of emergency involving plane crash. 62

Mainly involved in emergency preparedness and response.  Deployment of necessary staff at the scene of incident /accident  Provision of sufficient numbers of ambulance with all first aid facilities and medicines.  Provision of mobile Dispensary and evacuation of disaster victims.  Provision of Edhi and other services, if needed to pickup the serious causalities from the scene of incident.  Supply of eatables and essential items of daily use to the relief centres, established for the disaster victims.  To arrange the blood for injured and motivate citizens to participate in the noble cause.  To provide life guards/divers when need basis.  Details of the Hospitals, having facility to accommodate burns patient along with number of beds available.  Arrange availability of beds/rooms especially for burns patients expected mostly in case of fire.
The mission of the BCDA is to Develop Balochistan coastal areas to the benefit of the people of Balochistan and the country as a whole. The main functions in relation are:  Ensure incorporation of disaster risk reduction in development programmes along the coast.  Overall development, improvement and beautification of the coastal areas.  Identification, execution and monitoring of development projects/schemes, which encompass the following: Development of drinking water facilities, communication systems, electricity, drainage, tourism and rural development works.  Establishment of educational, technical and professional institutions.  Local / Foreign credits for the development of agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries, Industries and other allied economic activities.  Development of marketing facilities and Construction of jetties and harbours.  Collaborate with the federal or provincial public and private sector departments/agencies engaged in development activities and environmental protection.  Provide technical guidance including technical services and personnel.  Compile relevant literature on planning and development and distribute it to research, planning and development bodies/institutes/ organizations.  Formulate and implement policies and plans for coastal areas development 63

The QDA was established to cater the multi dimensional needs of the new Capital and only urban centre of Balochistan. The main mission of QDA was to solve housing needs, organized planning, master planning, major improvement, decongestion and environment protection. Control over land use and expansion of the City according to the integrated Master Plan. Quetta Development Authority was established in 1976 by the Government of Balochistan. The jurisdiction of the Authority extends over Quetta Tehsil including Quetta Municipal Corporation limits and all such other areas which the Government may notify from time to time for development purpose with the following Charter / Mandate:  Establishing save Housing Schemes.  Opening of congested areas to minimize disaster risk.  Laying / altering roads / streets for an efficient transport system in Quetta.  Provision of public amenities.  Execution of water supply and sewerage works.  Demolishing / improving / construction of buildings for public safety.  Execution of schemes entrusted by the Government for development purposes.
The authority is in charge of the development and provision of water and sanitation services in the province. Other functions during disaster times include:  Deployment of necessary officers/staff round the clock along with the duty roaster with important telephone numbers of focal person and other coordinating agencies.  Arrangement of pure water supplies to the victims and the agencies working at the place of incident. Dewatering of the accumulated water.  To ensure that all open or damaged manholes are either covered or repaired. Controlling overflow of sewerage gutter/water. Use of suction vehicles where required.  Repairing of major leakage/bursting of the water supply lines, and resumption of immediate water supply.  Provision of dumpers, loaders, cranes, shovels, excavators, road rollers, generators, search lights and any other tools/machinery/equipments available with the department, required at the place of incident.  Arrange alternate water resources to meet all water shortage and emergencies.  Arrangement of clean water supplies to affected people and agencies in a rescue mission. Dewatering of affected water  Control overflows of sewage / gutter water. Use of suction vehicles where required.  Repairing of water and sewage bursts and resumption of water supplies after disruption  Provision of dumpers, loaders, cranes, shovels, excavators, road rollers, generators, search lights and any other tools/machinery/equipment available within the department for use at the place of incidence. 64

 Undertake analysis to identify high risk areas for the banking sector lending programmes;  Develop insurance and lending services against natural hazard risks for housing, industrial and infrastructure sectors;  Coordinate with relevant city authorities or NDMA to receive guidelines for construction in high risk areas;  Encourage implementation of safer construction guidelines by the bank beneficiaries (including individuals and companies) through provision of lending incentives to borrowers and investors;
 Undertake analysis to identify high risk areas for the insurance sector;  Develop insurance services against natural hazard risks for housing, industrial and infrastructure sectors;  Coordinate with relevant city authorities or NDMA to receive guidelines for construction in high risk areas;  Encourage implementation of safer construction guidelines by the insurance beneficiaries (including individuals and companies) through provision of incentives to borrowers and investors;
 Undertake hazard and risk analysis during design and planning stages of new infrastructure and industry;  Identify and implement alternative options in order to reduce risks of natural hazards to infrastructure and industry; e.g. change location  Implement vulnerability reduction measures in case of construction of infrastructure and industry in high risk areas;  Develop disaster preparedness and response plans for industrial units and industrial zones;  Undertake drills at industrial unit level in order to prepare for any catastrophic events;
Before a disaster
 Provide analysis on sources and process of risk generation and patterns of risk and vulnerabilities;  Disseminate warning messages to at risk communities in an easy to understand language through multiple channels, while being sensitive to people’s access and timing issues;  Provide information to communities about precautionary measures they can take to avoid loss of life and property from hazards;  Advocate to decision-makers to take appropriate actions for disaster risk management;  Highlight the need for involvement of communities in disaster preparedness;
During an emergency situation
 Inform the public with timely and factual information about the extent of disaster, losses caused and the current situation of hazard; 65

 Advise public about actions to be taken during the emergency period in order to avoid further losses; e.g. evacuation, unsafe areas, water purification techniques  Inform about actions being taken by authorities/aid groups to save lives and property;  Relay messages concerning welfare of isolated or trapped groups for the benefit of families, relatives, friends and rescue teams;  Facilitate communication among affected people and their relatives, friends, families in other parts of the country or world;  Highlight needs of survivors to make sure that all groups of people affected by the disaster receive appropriate aid, irrespective of their social, ethnic, political status;  Highlight the need for application of minimum standards to ensure that minimum needs of disaster survivors in terms of water, sanitation, shelter, food and health are met;  Communicate about potential secondary risks to minimize further loss or damage;
After a Disaster (Post-Disaster Phase)
 Appeal for assistance from all parties to meet the needs of survivors;  Communicate about rehabilitation and reconstruction plans of authorities, UN and NGOs, others in the affected areas;  Encourage survivor participation in recovery through conducting surveys and communicating the opinions of public to authorities;  Influence for integrating risk reduction in rehabilitation and reconstruction programmes;
As the leading non-governmental humanitarian organization, the Society works as an auxiliary to the government to ameliorate the suffering of the most vulnerable people in distress without discrimination. The main activities of the Society are relief work during and after conflict, disaster relief and auxiliary health and welfare services, which include a wide range of activities for the less privileged and marginalized people in both urban and rural areas. The Society responds and rapidly gains on-site access to the most susceptible when an unexpected disaster occurs. The Society provides ambulance and search and rescue service at times of emergencies. Other activities include:
 Assist in training personnel for relief activities  Participate in first aid training and raising public awareness on protection against potential hazards  Develop disaster risk management plans at national and branch levels (82 district branches) in high risk areas;  Develop teams of volunteers for disaster preparedness and response;  Train volunteers in emergency preparedness and response (e.g. evacuation, first aid, fire fighting, early warning etc);  Implement community level programmes on disaster risk reduction and preparedness including drills and simulations;
 Provide equipment and supply relief material, food distribution and mobilize communities and public for relief purposes  Assist in running relief centres  Assist in rescuing the injured and trapped 66

 Work closely with local authorities to conduct joint assessments of damages, losses and needs of disaster survivors,  Coordinate with DM Authorities and the UN coordinator for post-disaster relief work;
These will work with the government departments and the existing organisation in relation to disaster risk management as per the core functions, mandate and resources at their disposal.  Mobilize communities and developing local level capacities for early warning, disaster preparedness and response.  Implement programmes for community vulnerability reduction; e.g. strengthening livelihoods, safer construction practices, drought mitigation.  Participate in disaster risk management activities such as training, public education, damage assessment, rehabilitation and construction projects in hazard prone areas.  Formulate disaster risk management plans at Federal, Provincial, District and community levels in order to share resources and information.  Link with PDMA to ensure that strategic policy and operational implementation incorporates their participation.
 Conduct research and recommend to policy makers and implementers on the appropriate development initiatives to contribute to disaster reduction  Train personnel in various fields of development  Public education forums in disaster reduction 67

Upon activation of this plan by the Chairman of the Provincial Disaster Management Commission, the command and control i.e. the management of the disaster situation will be overseen at the Coordination Centre known as the Provincial Emergency Operation Centre (PEOC/EOC). The Coordination will be established at either the PDMA office or other nominated site as the disaster situation may dictate. The Director General, PDMA will be responsible for: a) The activation of the PEOC b) The Operation of the PEOC c) Staffing the PEOC at the required level
Warnings of a natural hazard (e.g. floods, severe drought, and winter storms) or occurrence of a rapid onset disaster such as earthquake will be issued in the first instance by the early warning department, or other early warning system available. The information should be passed to the Chairman in order to ensure activation of the appropriate response activity.
Upon implementation of this plan, all public warnings will be distributed through the EOC in the PDMA upon recommendation of the Director General PDMA on behalf of the Chairman. Appropriate media channels will be used to distribute the warning to the public and concerned authorities for appropriate standby preparedness and response.
The distribution to the public of contacts or telephone numbers for disaster information will be the responsibility of and the discretion of the Chairman. Public information is that information which is passed on to the public prior to, during, and after a disaster, such as warnings and directions for evacuations and service access to affected populations. The Provincial Disaster Management Authority has the responsibility for the dissemination to the public of disaster risk management information as directed by the Chairman. When this plan is activated, the Chairman is the official source of public and media information. All outside media enquiries are to be directed to the Chairman. The Chairman is to arrange for media briefings and interviews with key personnel and media channels. The chairman signs any briefings going media houses and radio stations
All response organizations are to submit regular situation reports to the EOC situated in the PDMA. The Executive Officer will collate the reports received and supply regular situation reports to the chairman and other concerned stakeholders. 68

Any requests for any assistance from outside the province are to be made by the Chairman. Such requests are to be forwarded to the National Disaster Management Authority by the Chairman. The Nazim or District Coordination Officer (DCO) will make the request to the PDMA/PDMC for district level disasters.
The Provincial Disaster management Authority will facilitate the accessing of contingency funds for disaster risk management and response in the province based on the modality to be established and agreed upon with the Finance Department in the Province.
Should damage or disruption be in such an extent, that operations are to continue over a number of days, the policy of daily meetings with officers in charge of control authorities and support organizations will be implemented for the purpose of coordinating effort and establishing priorities. The safety and welfare of the officers and staff working late or away from home should be given priority as per the usual government procedures.
Efficient command and control is an essential pre-requisite to the successful co-ordination of resources in Disaster Risk Management operations. This concept of operation is based on four (4) phases - ALERT, STANDBY, ACTIVATION and STAND DOWN. These phases may be summarized as follows:
Phase
Alert Standby Activation
Action
Director General / Secretary receives advice of impending threat from an early warning agency Director General / Secretary advises commission chairman Director General / Secretary informs relevant Primary and Support Agencies to be on alert; DG puts PDMA and PEOC on Alert if warranted. Director General / Secretary advises Chairman to PDMC that assistance under this Disaster Risk Management Plan might be required; Chairman implements the Balochistan Disaster Risk Management Plan, authorizes Director General to activate the EOC to appropriate staff level; Secretary informs relevant Primary and Support Agencies and places unit on standby; The Secretary advises Chairman that assistance is required; The Chairman directs the Secretary to escalate the EOC to required staff level (and activates unit if required); Secretary advises appropriate respective organizations in the province to respond accordingly; The response will be as per the hazard threats; Secretary advices Chairman if assistance is needed from Federal 69

Stand Down level Chairman liaises with the NDMC and NDMA for Federal assistance Secretary advises the Chairman that assistance is no longer required; Secretary advises Liaison Officers and arranges time and location for debriefing; Primary and Support Agency personnel are debriefed and stood down on completion of final tasks; Final reports completed and distributed by various agencies in accordance with relevant Standard Operating Procedures. Evaluation conducted on how effective the departments worked and responded NB: Depending on the type of disaster and situation at hand, the phases and actions may overlap at times. It will be the discretion of the Director General to activate the appropriate action as the conditions and resources may dictate. 70

The Emergency Operations Centre, or PEOC, is a central command and control facility responsible for carrying out emergency preparedness and emergency management functions at a strategic level in an emergency situation, and ensuring the continuity of operations. For purposes of this document, Emergency Operation Centre (EOC) represents the physical location at which the coordination of information and resources to support disaster incident management activities normally takes place. It is usually created in the PDMA. The Incident Command Post (ICP) may be created at or in the immediate vicinity of an incident site, although primarily focused on the tactical on scene response, may perform an EOC-like function in smaller-scale incidents or during the initial phase of the response to larger, more complex events. A Standing Provincial Emergency Operation Centre (PEOC), or that activated to support larger, more complex events, is typically established in a more central or permanently established facility; within the PDMA. EOCs are organized by major functional discipline (fire, law enforcement, medical services, civil defence, search and rescue and so on); by jurisdiction or, more likely, by some combination thereof (i.e. Departments/Agencies/Organisations). ICPs should also be linked to DEOCs and PEOC to ensure effective and efficient incident management. Many times, the District Emergency Operation Centres will act as ICPs. For complex incidents, the PEOCs may be staffed by personnel representing multiple jurisdictions and functional disciplines and a wide variety of resources. For example, a PEOC established in response to an earthquake incident would likely include a mix of law enforcement, emergency management, public health, search and rescue, first aid and medical personnel (representatives of health care facilities, pre hospital emergency medical services, patient transportation systems, pharmaceutical repositories, laboratories, military, NGOs, communications etc.). The PEOC may be permanent activated with full staff at occurrence of disaster or may be established to meet temporary, short-term needs. The physical size, staffing, and equipping of an EOC will depend on the size of the jurisdiction, resources available and anticipated incident management workload. EOCs may be organized and staffed in a variety of ways. Regardless of the specific organizational structure used, the EOC should include the following core functions:  coordination;  communications;  resource dispatch and tracking; and  information collection, analysis, and dissemination. EOCs may also support multi-agency coordination and joint information activities as discussed below.  On activation of a district EOC or ICP, communications and coordination must be established between the ground and the PEOC,  Field organizations must also establish communications with the activated local EOC, either directly or through their parent organizations.  Additionally, EOCs at all levels of government and across functional agencies must be capable of communicating appropriately with others and the PEOC during incidents, including those maintained by private organizations.  Communications between EOCs must be reliable and contain built-in redundancies. The efficient functioning of EOCs most frequently depends on the existence of mutual-aid agreements and joint communications protocols among participating agencies. 71

Response to an emergency incident is the function of law enforcement, emergency medical services, fire-rescue departments, civil defence and first responders. When a large-scale event has occurred, it is important that the response be coordinated. This generally means activating the Provincial Emergency Operations Centre to assure central coordination. Public official alerting, shelter/ evacuation, search and rescue, and resource mobilization are all part of the response mode.
departments and organizations and support staff who would need to take action as part of their responsibilities.
or following an event which doesn't require full activation. All primary or lead staff will be notified and will staff the PEOC.
personnel will staff the Emergency Operation Centre. Depending on the nature of emergency, the PEOC may operate round the clock.
The Director General PDMA is responsible for coordinating all components of the Disaster Risk Management Systems for the Province. The components consist of activities related to mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery. 72

The following agencies have primary and secondary responsibilities to provide emergency assistance as per their mandate and areas of competence to the respective hazards identified.
Drought (water shortage & food Livestock Department Metrological Department, PHE Department, NGOs, Pakistani Red insecurity) Earthquake Civil Defence Crescent, Irrigation Department, Community, Planning Department, Social Welfare Department, Health Department Pakistani Red Crescent, Civil Defence, Community, NGOs &, CBOs, Police, Military, Sui Southern Gas, QESCO, C & W Department Floods Irrigation Department Cyclones, Winter and hail storms Tsunami Landslides / Civil Defence Civil Defence Locust / pest infestation Livestock Department Forest Department Communicable diseases Health Department Civil Defence, Fire Brigade, Agriculture Department, Police Military, Metrological Department, Water & Sanitation Department, NGOs, Community, C & W Department Pakistan Red Crescent Society, Police, Metrological Department Water & Sanitation Department, Sui Southern Gas, QESCO, Community, NGOs, Ports and, Shipping, Coast Guard Pakistan Red Crescent Society, Police, Metrological Department, Water & Sanitation Department, NGOs, Sui Southern Gas, QESCO, Ports and Shipping, Coast Guard Civil Defence, Pakistan Red Crescent Society, Police, Metrological Department, NGOs, Community, Wildlife and Forest Department Pakistan Red Crescent Society, Police, Civil Defence, Community, Agriculture, Metrological Department, Water & Sanitation Department, NGOs, C & W Department, Pakistan Red Crescent Society Heath and Medical NGOs, Metrological Department, Water & 73

Fire (Urban / Rural) Major Transport Accident - Road Accidents Major Transport Accident - Rail accidents Major Transport Accident - Aviation Accidents Fire Brigade Police Pakistan Railway Civil Aviation Authority Sanitation Department, Civil Defence, Community Civil Defence, Pakistan Red Crescent Society, Boy Scouts Association, Police, Community, C & W Department, Civil Defence, Fire Brigade, Pakistan Red Crescent Society, Boy Scouts Association, Community, Police, Civil Defence, Fire Brigade, Community, Pakistan Red Crescent Society, Boy Scouts Association Police, Civil Defence, Fire Brigade, Community, Pakistan Red Crescent Society, Boy Scouts Association Major Transport Accident - Oil spill and Maritime Industrial accidents / fires Pollution and Mine Hazardous substances accidents (Nuclear, radiological & chemical) Refugees & IDPs Ports and Shipping Department Mines and Mineral Resources Department Environment Department Civil Defence Fire Brigade Police, Community, Civil Defence, Fire Brigade, Pakistan Red Crescent Society, Boy Scouts Association, Hospitals Police, Community, Pakistan Red Crescent Society, Boy Scouts Association, Department of Mines and Mineral, Department of Industry, Forest, Wildlife, Police, Civil Defence, Mines and Industry, Water and Sanitation Department Police, Community, Civil Defence, Fire Brigade, Pakistan Red Crescent Society, Boy Scouts Association Crisis (bomb threat, bomb explosion, hostage taking, stampede, demonstrations) Ministry of "States and Frontier Regions" Police UNHCR, Pakistan Red Crescent, Community, National Volunteer Movement Civil Defence, Fire Brigade, Community, Pakistan Red Crescent Society, Boy Scouts Association, Military, Civil Defence The respective lead agencies in response to the various identified potential hazards will take the lead in developing Contingency Plans and Disaster Response Plans to the respective hazards. 74

A Thematic Working Group comprises of organizations and other stakeholders, with a designated lead, working in an area of development, disaster risk management or humanitarian response in which gaps for action are identified. These areas include some traditional sectors (water and sanitation, nutrition, health, emergency response, shelter); service provision (emergency telecommunications, logistics) and cross-cutting issues (camp coordination, early recovery and security and public safety). Thematic Working Groups are organized at both provincial and community level. The Thematic Working Groups will be formed in the proposed Provincial Platform for Disaster Risk Management for Balochistan to be chaired by the PDMA. This will be a platform that brings together development practitioners, NGOs, private sector and government departments involved in Disaster Risk Management and Reduction in Balochistan to meet on regular basis and exchange information, debate options and decisions on activities formulated for disaster risk management. The aim is to strengthen system-wide mitigation and preparedness technical capacity to respond to disaster situations by designating Thematic Leads who are responsible for ensuring predictable and effective inter-agency and inter departmental approaches within the particular sectors or areas of activity concerned. This ensures accountability with strengthened leadership and clearly defined roles and responsibilities and bolsters coordination and synergy of efforts. It is also ensures that the involvement of local institutions is strengthened; available resources are fully utilized and, any disaster risk mitigation action is well coordinated and does no harm. The added value of the approach includes:  Consistent access to appropriately trained technical expertise from partners in the province  Enhanced material stockpiles  Increased engagement of all relevant disaster risk management stakeholders.  Predictable leadership in key gap sectors/areas of response  Better surge capacity and standby rosters from respective stakeholders for disaster response  Enhanced partnerships between Government-NGOs, CBOs and UN-Red Crescent agencies in the field.  Improved strategic field-level coordination and prioritisation  Measurable accountability from the operational partners to the community, government and stakeholders.
 Predictable action within the thematic area for analysis of needs, addressing priorities, and identifying gaps in the thematic area;  Securing and following-up on commitments from the thematic area to contribute to responding to needs and filling the gaps in disaster risk management in the province;  Ensure that activities within a thematic area are carried out  Sustaining mechanisms through which the thematic area as a whole assesses its performance.  Up-to-date assessments of the overall needs for human, financial, and institutional capacity in disaster risk management at the province;  Review of currently available capacities and means for their utilization as per needs in the province; 75

 Links with other thematic areas, including preparedness measures and long-term planning, standards, best practice, advocacy, and resource mobilization for disaster risk management initiatives in the province;  Taking action to ensure that required capacities and mechanisms exist, including rosters for surge capacity; and  Training and system development at the provincial, district and community levels. All the Thematic Working Groups are to be chaired by respective government departments with a lead role. The Thematic Groups may be co chaired with another agency with competence in the lead area, e.g. the lead department and chair of health related issues in the province is the Health Department. If for example WHO has representation in the province in which it works in close collaboration with the Health Department, it may co-chair the thematic group on Health.
Overall Disaster Management Health Food and Nutrition Risk
PDMA Health Department Agriculture and Food Department (C&W) Department
UNDP WHO UNICEF Red Crescent Emergency Shelter Water and Sanitation Education Water and Sanitation Department Education Department UNICEF UNICEF Early Recovery UNDP Logistics Emergency Telecommunications Search and Rescue Planning and Development / PDMA PDMA Information Department Civil Defence Technology Relief Commissioner’s Office WFP Fire Brigade Rapid Assessment Security, Public Safety and Crisis Management Cluster PDMA Police Department PDMA Civil Defence The thematic approach is important towards strengthening coordination by clarifying lines of accountability to the community, government and among other stakeholders. The key principle is ensuring that the thematic groups address all identified key gaps in disaster risk management and that critical gaps are not neglected simply because they are not part of any provincial development agenda. The thematic approach will also be applied to all new major disasters with a phased and flexible implementation that leads to long term recovery after major disaster. 76

The Early Recovery Thematic Group will need to play a key role in supporting the provincial government in planning, preparing, and managing a phased transition of the coordination arrangements from emergency to longer-term recovery and development. As a matter of policy, strategies and procedures for entry and phase out and terminating different activities should be included into the work of all thematic groups. In all instances, there should be benchmarks with measurable indicators. It is important to rationalize the number of meetings and information processes in the management of the thematic approach in the province. Effort should be made to reduce the number of meetings and streamline information processes. Thematic Chairs will be encouraged to maintain an optimum level of meetings. However, it is left to the discretion of the Thematic Chairs in consultation with the thematic working group members to determine the frequency, types and duration of the cluster meetings.
Recovery plans describe actions beyond rapid damage assessment and those necessary to provide immediate life support for victims and populations affected by disaster. Long-term recovery planning involves identifying strategic priorities for restoration, improvement, and growth. Each department and sectoral line ministries take the responsibility of developing Recovery Plans based on their areas of competence and mandate in collaboration with other stakeholders. 77

Periodically the Balochistan Provincial Disaster Management Authority will plan and carry out with other stakeholders’ exercises or drills on various scenarios to assess the procedures in this document. Agencies and departments should also conduct drills based on the hazard scenarios and areas of competence. The following are proposed table top exercises that can be undertaken in drills:  A major earthquake in Balochistan (area to be identified),  A major flooding from a rain depression  A major explosion at a main office block in Balochistan  A railway accident at a road junction  A fire incident at a factory premises manufacturing chemicals  A prolonged drought affecting a number of districts and leading to animal and people causalities
There should be at least two drills in a year. Lessons learnt from the drills and those from the previous and ongoing disaster related incidents should be incorporated in this DRM Plan as appropriate.
The PDMA will facilitate and provide some minimal resources to the drills. Various departments, agencies and organizations will bear their cost of involvement in the drills. 78

Department/ Organization/ Agency Name & Title of Focal point person
Chief Secretary Mr. K.B. Rind
Office Tel.
081-9201254
Home Tel.
Principal Secretary – Governor Mr. Shoiab Mir Memon Mr. Khuda Bakhash – Relief Commissioner Director General 081-9202176 9201045 9203514 081 9201964 081 9201449 9201934 92011504 Civil Defence Balochistan Home Department Irrigation & Power Department C & W Department PHE Department Health Department Agriculture Department Education Department Home Department Industries Department Local Government Forest and Wild Life Livestock and Dairy Mines and Mineral Mr. Abdus Salam Khan, Secretary Mr. Sardar Muhhamad Mr. Arbab Yousaf Mr. Shafi Zheri Mr. Abdul Karim Mr. Qayyum Nazar Changezi Mr. Muhammad Hamayun Mr. Ghulam S. Mengal Mr. Mohammad Younus Mr. Mohammad Saleem Abdul Salim Baloch Abdul Manan Kakaar 9201074 9202374 9201160 9201954 9201261 9601622 9202400 9202217 9201881 9201277 9202275 9202243 9202564 9201062 826754 9203193 440282 9201255 833199 667533 9202759 444451 841055 9202435 850740 9202859 829414 829620 9203187 Zakat & Population Environment Sport Meteorological Department Utility Stores, Quetta Muhammad A. Khan Mr. Shakil Ahmad Hashmi Mr. Nazeer Ahmed Soomoro, Regional Manager
Name
Governor Secretariat Governor house Chief Minister Secretariat Provincial Assembly MPA Hostel Civil Secretariat Council General Islamic Emirates Syed Nadeem Shah, Honorary Council General of Japan Mr. Raziq Bugti, Media Quetta Press Club
Telephone Number
081-9202061 / 69 081-9202170-3 081-9202061-69 081-9203060-64 081-9203040-52 081-9202719 / 9202582 081-2843364 / 2844056 081-2829633 081-9515 081-9202757 081-2821731 9202361 9202421 081-9211384 081-9211382
Fax Cell Phone Fax Email
9202132 9202753 081-9202178 2668702 9202157 9202662 9201566 9201149 9201805 9202727 9201835 9201903 9201710 9202540 9202835 9201113 9202303 081-9211383 79
Email

Employment Office Gas Enquiry NADRA Office G.P.O. Quetta Civil Secretariat Provincial Ombudsmen Director Protocol Controller MPA Hostel Children Academy
Name of Hospital
Civil Hospital EX Abdul Star Edhi Central Hospital Christian Hospital Federal Medical Centre Helper Eye Hospital Railway Hospital Lady Deferens Hospital Fatima Jinah TB Sanatorium Children Hospital Milo Shaheed Trust Pakistan General Hospital Jilian Hospital LRBT BMC Hospital Fuji Foundation Medical Centre Jam-e-Shafa (Women) Emergency Civil Hospital Bolan Medical College
Centre
Bomb Disposal, Quetta 081-9211186 119 081-2452028 081-9201409 / 111111117 081-9202719 / 9202582 081-9201827 081-9201522 081-9202576 081-9201206
Telephone Number
081-9202017 081-2830832 081-2830861-115 081-2842697 081-9211636 081-9211087 081-9211078 081-2836532 081-2853618 081-2823705-11 081-2828383 081-2842295 / 2842043 081-2447183 081-2850362 081-2823618 081-664461 081-2440772 137 081-9202617
Telephone Number
081-2831289 081-2835706
Name of Ambulance Service
Umar Foundation Civil Hospital Emergency Edhi Centre Pakistan Red Crescent – Quetta
Telephone Number
081-2837296 081-9202017 081-2830832 081- 80
Fax Fax Fax Email Email Email

Fire Brigade Centre
City Fire Brigade Circular Road Cantonment Airport
Name of Line / Station
Rescue Police Emergency Centre A Emergency Centre B Railway Station Cantt: Station City Policy Station Civil Line Police Station Gwalmandi Police Station Quid Abad Police Station Crime Branch Industrial Police Station Police Line Sadar Police Station Bijli Police Station Kuchlak Police Station Saryab Police Station Emergency Traffic Satellite police Station
C.I.A
Brewery Police Station New Saryab Police Station Shalkot Police Station Pashtoon Abad Police Station Airport Police Station Madadghar Police Station
PIA Quetta
Enquiry Exchange Airport Exchange Traffic Airport Control Tower Engineer
Telephone Number
081-2841118 081-9202645 081-9202661 081-9201629 081-
Telephone Number
081-9202555 081-9202777 081-9201490 081-9201087 081-9201250 081-9202730 081-9202230 081-9202218 081-9201419 081-9211050 081-9201435 081-9202219 081-9202042 081-2890234 081-9211080 081-9201991 081-9211707 081-9202253 081-623610 081-2892003 081-2460190 081-9201611 081-2880387
Telephone Number
114 081-9203873 081-2880213-6 081-22880028 081-2412076 081-2413508 / 2413708 81
Fax Fax Fax Email Email Email

Pakistan Railways, Quetta
Enquiry Exchange Centre for Peace & Development Tanzeem Hudda Itetehad Naojawanan Future Message Balochistan Water Environment and Sanitation Society - WESS Auratt Foundation Quetta VOICE Al-Khidmat Welfare Society PURWA Ghosia Blood Donor Association Al Naimat Welfare Society Pensioner Welfare Association Team for Environmental Awareness and Management (TEAM) Pakistan Social Association, Quetta Idara-3-Falah-o-Behbood Noujawanan - Quetta Employees Old Age Benefits
Telephone Number
117 081-9202632 / 92101293 Mr. Siddik Baloch Mr. Ayub Baloch Mr. Pervez Iqbal Ms. Sarma Haroon Mr. M. Aslam Mr. M Raffique Ms. Asra Mr. Zahoor Durran Mr. Obaidullah Tareen Ch. Anwar Mr. Sarvar Ali Shaheen Ms. Amna Nighat Mr. Mirza hassan Mr. Mohammad 081-282089 081-2834065 03337805354 081-2441677 03204793879 03003869351 081-2450610 081-2850055 081-2822825 03003851352 081-2005037 03204786450 03218009266 03212985032 03063811602
Fax
Name of NGO/CBO
Pakistan Red Crescent Society – Quetta Save the Children IDSP, Socio Pakistan DANESH Balochistan Aids Network (BAN) Balochistan Environment & Educational Journey - BEEJ Taraqee Welfare Society DAWN SAHER
Contact Person
Mj. (Rt) Sardar Muhammad S. D., Secretary Dr. Muhammad S. Aftab, Manager Health Ms. Qurat-ul-Am Mr. Amanullah Mr. Muzaffar Ali Changazi Mr. Sir Baland Khan Syed Qurbaan Garsheen Mr. Amjad Rasheed Ms. Shahida Irshad Mr. Abdul Wahood Mr. Nasrullah
Contact Number
081-4001132 0301 - 3739431 081-2821549 – 227 081-2853403 033-7809343 081-2838085-fax 081-2449775 081-2449251 081-2446201 0300378182 081-2444093 03008381600 081-2450749 03337805571 081-2827740 03337808645 081-2829416 081-2838847 03337824346 081-2826745 081-2832839 03337818104 03003896467 0811-2663284 03003816078 081-2833447
Area of Specialization
HIV/AIDS
Email District(s) of Operation
82

Institutions, (EOBI), Quetta Balochistan Foundation for Development - Quetta Sustainable Community Development Organisation Community Welfare Development Society Balochistan Institute for Future Development Behbood Association Tanzeem Idara Bahali-e Mushtehqeen, Quetta Society forf Environment Awareness, Quetta Mehek Trust, Quetta Naeem Dr. Ruquiya Saeed Mr. Shah Nawaz Yousuf Mr. Mujaheid Mr. Naimutullah Jan Ms. Saima Baloch Begun Syrraya Allah Din Mj. (Rtd) Safi HOPES, Quetta AMAL, Quetta Balochistan Deaf and Dump Welfare Society Society for Community Development (SCD), Quetta Balochistan Social Development, Quetta Milo Trust Balochistan Sports Programme Family Planning Association of Pakistan, Quetta Human Development Society Ms. Rashida Panezai Mr. Hameed Mr. Ranar Gulzar Dr. Mehmood Raza 081-2844353 081-2661800 081-2448839 03009383393 081-2449451 Mr. Arif Kurd Ms. Farida Bangulzai Muzaffar Ali Changezi Mr. Tahir Khursheed Barocha Mr Abdul Qadir 081-2827592 03005395442 03009389487 081-9207406 03204787444 081-24442461 03003842389 081-2444725 081-2830503 081-2841137 081-2836085 081-2011018 03003846330 03003870283 081-2449725 081-2834422 081-2449725 081-2824134 03009381686 081-2838143 Trust for Voluntary Organisation STREET, Quetta Rehber Welfare Society, Sibi Pease Social Development t Society, Mastung New Bolan Welfare Society, Nasirabad Rising Police Line, Quetta Mr. Naveed Shah Baz Mr. Andri Baloch Ms. Rahima Mengal Ms. Robina Azhah 03013761649 03003702011 081-895123 0300-3868099 03337838102 CRC Chaman Housing Society, Quetta Anjuman Falah-Behbood, Murga, Khanozai Christian Relief Services, Quetta Al-Khidmat Welfare Society, Quetta Concern, Quetta Girl Guides Association, Quetta Boy Scouts Association, Quetta SPO BRSP Mr. Samual M. Mr. Akhtah Dr. Attur Rehman Begum Hassan Baloch Mr. Sabir, Zubaida Khilji Irfan Kasi 081-2321947 Halal Ahmer, Society, 83

Name of TV Channel
Directorate of Public Relations081- Press Information Department Pakistan Television Corporation, Quetta Centre Associate Press Television News APNA TV ARY TV AAJ TV GEO TV INDUS TV KTN TV Khayber TV Sindh TV Bolan TV Q TV Royal TV
Telephone Contacts
081-9201599 081-9202548 081-9202973 081-9211118/7 081-9203424 081-9201188 081-9201049 081-9202116 081-9201713 (News) 081-2841052 03008380137 0320-4788635 0333-7849105 081-2840699 0300-9382406 0333-7805058 081-2843416 081-2843679 081-2821731 081-2829162 03337863356 0301-3789907
Name of Radio Channel
Pakistan Broadcasting Corporation, Quetta BBC Urdu Service BBC Pashto Service Voice of America Khuzdar Turbat FM 101 Sachal FM
Telephone Contacts
081-9201593 081-9201713 081-2831081 03009389614 081-2831081 081-2839851 081-2839398 03009383569 081-2841052 03003867722
Fax
081-9201355 081-9203425 081-9202125 081-9201929 081-2843678
Fax
081-9202609 081-9201929 081-2841052 081-2839867 081-2830049
Email
quetta@usa.com
Email
84

Name of News Agency
Associate Press of Pakistan Agency of France Press (AFP) Asian News Network Independent News of Pakistan News Network International South Asian News Agency
Telephone Contacts
081-2829441 081-2838171 03009380155 081-2842592 03009380307 081-2899042-44 03003829984 081-2821616 081-2825470 03009380656 081-2836812 081-2891350 03337807238 Universal News Agency 081-2832333 081-2822997 03204782107
Daily Newspaper Name of Newspaper
AAFAN, Quetta ATMAD, Quetta ASAP, Turbat/Quetta AZADI, Quetta AFTAB, Quetta AL-FAAJR, Quetta AWAAM Quetta Hub ASER-E-NAU, Mastung ASER-E-NAU, Gawadar Balochistan Times Balochistan Express, Quetta Balochistan News, Quetta
Telephone Contacts
081-2825148 081-2844721 03009386778 081-2825136 081-2821433 03009384199 081-2829871 081-2829845 03204780507 081-2451981/2 081-2451984 03337804349 081-2837459 081-2855203 081-2835574 0320-4777569 081-2832244 0333-7803248 0300-3884773 081-2838041 03009389804 03337802299 081-2840397 081-2446727 03003880087 081-2837724 081-2821153 081-2836311 081-2451981 081-2451983 03337804349 081-2839851 081-2830949
Fax
081-2820973 081-2849114 081-2899046 081-2825470 081-2836812 081-2447518
Fax
081-2849207 081-2835461 081-2829897 081-2451983 081-2837459 081- 081-2839867 85
Email
appbalochistan@yahoo.com
afp_quetta@yahoo.com
nniqa@qta.paknet.com.pk
amfitrat@yahoo.com
Una-qta@hotmail.com
Email
usmanlehri@yahoo.com
alfajr@qta.paknet.com.pk
asrenaugwadar@yahoo.com
dailybtz@yahoo.com

Balochistan Today Mirror, Quetta
Weekly Magazines
AWAZ-E-PAKISTAN, Quetta Akhbar-E-Balochistan, Quetta BRISHNA Quetta Balochi Dunya, Quetta BAGH-O-Bahar Quetta Business Quetta Balochistan Lines Children’s Magazine, Qta 03013703570 Dastak, Quetta 03003846686 081-666366 Eilum Mastung Gul Zameen Gawadar, Quetta 081-2840955 03003814363 03003825355 081-661726 03003851213 081-2441426 081-661748 081-2895252 0300-3817291 Great Balochistan, Quetta HAAL Quetta Millat, Mastung 081-2824575 081-2821626 081-2821538 081-2827632 03003803100 081-2826300 081-2828856 0333-7801594 081-2832202 03337811168 Muslim Mastung Quetta Times Talar, Quetta 0843-895676 0843-895589 0333-7836721 081-2840968 03337944760 03003809867 081-2835934 weeklydastakquetta@yahoo.com
weeklymillat@qta.paknet.com.pk
081-2820101 qtimes@hotmail.com
weeklytalar@yahoo.com
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B a l o c h i s t a n P r o v i n c e
100 Sc ale: - 1:7 ,00 0,0 00 0 # N 100 Zhob % # 200 Kilom eters Qila A bd ulla h # % Pis hin Qila S aifu llah # # % # % # # % Ziara t % # # % Qu ett a # # Lora lai # Ko hlu % Nus hk i (C hag ai) # # % Mas tu ng # % % Dha dar (K ac h hi) # # Sibi % Ka la t % Dera Bu gti Prec ipitat io n % Kh aran # D.M . J am ali % (Nas iraba d) 19 9 3 19 9 4 19 9 5 19 9 6 19 9 7 19 9 8 19 9 9 20 0 0 # % Pa njgur # # % Kh uz dar # #
L E G E N D
% Dis t ric t H ead qu arters Dis t ric t B ou nd arie s Prec ipitat io n > 50 % Awa ran # Turba t (K ec h) # % # 50 - 100 # Utha l % # 100 - 15 0 150 - 20 0 # # # 200 - 25 0 # % Gw ada r 250 - 30 0 300 - 35 0 90

Upper & Lower Highlands 75% 91
L E G E N D
Non-grazable (<30 Kg/Ha) Poor (30 to 50 Kg/Ha) Poor to Fair (60 to 160 Kg/Ha) Good to Fair (170t o 190 Kg/Ha) Very Good to Good (200 to 240 Kg/Ha) } Excellent to Very Good (250 to 280 Kg/Ha) Southern Plains 25%

S # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Name of District Awaran Bolan Barkhan Chagai Dera-Bugti 2 Gawadar Jafferabad 8 9 Jhal Magsi Killa Abdullah 10 Killa Saifullah 11 Kohlu 12 Kharan 13 Kalat 14 Khuzdar 15 Kech 16 Lasbela 17 Loralai 18 Mastung 19 Musakhail 20 Noshki 21 Nasirabad 22 Panjgur Contingency Detail of Machinery and Equipment for Disaster Management Ambulances Fire Brigade Dozers Graders Vehicles Tractor Damper Loader Trucks Water Tanker 2 8 1 9 4 15 2 8 12 2 4 7 10 2 7 12 6 3 13 5 3 3 2 4 2 4 1 1 1 1 1 2 6 2 2 2 2 3 2 10 4 7 30 11 9 15 1 8 1 3 2 2 2 3 1 2 5 9 5 5 2 3 4 5 3 3 1 2 2 23 Pishin 24 Quetta 25 Sibi 26 Sheran 27 Washuk 28 Ziarat 29 Zhob
3 25 3 1 3 2
2 4 2 2
18 10 7
2 2 2
8 5
3
8 1
37
92

S.# 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
DISTRICT YEARS NUMBER AND TYPE OF EXPLOSIONS Quetta Noshki Total 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 4 th April,2007 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 4 th April,2007 Total Dalbandin 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 4 th April,2007 Total Pishin 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 4 th April,2007 Killa Abdullah Total 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 4 th April,2007 Total Kalat 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 4 th April,2007 Total BOMB BLAST
1
47
- 3 1 3 -
7
- - 1 2 1 - - - 2 5 1 3
11
- - 5 11 21 1
38
1 20 61 51 55 14
202
- - 7 11 28
LAND MINE
- - - - 6 -
6
- - - - - -
-
- - - - -
-
- - 5 - - - - - - - - -
-
- - - - - -
- HAND GRENADE
-
4
- 5 2 - -
7
- - 2 - - - 1 - - - 1 -
2
- - - - 5 -
5
1 3 4 4 18 6
36
- - - 2 2
ROCKET FIRE
- 5 6 5 18 7
41
- - 9 17 10 in two other cases the miscreants fired several rockets -
36
- 2 4 - - - 4 11 - -
15
-
6
- - - - - - - 5 - - - -
5 PERSON S KILLED
- 47 13 0 23 18
101
- - - 1 1
PERSON S INJURE D
- 74 86 12 191 38
401
- - 2 3 4 -
2
- 1 1 - -
2
- - 1 1 - - 1 - - 2 - 1
4
- - 3 - - -
3
-
9
- 6 - - -
6
- - - 2 - - 19 - 2 8 - 2
31
- - 12 - 4 -
16
93

7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. Khuzdar Kharan Total 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 4 th April,2007 Total Mastung 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 4 th April,2007 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 4 th April,2007 Lasbela Total 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 4 th April,2007 Awaran Total 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 4 th April,2007 Washuk Total 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 4 th April,2007 Total Dera Bugti 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
- 1 4 1 25 2
33
- - 2 13 23 11
49
- - - 6 4 1
11
- - 1 2 12 3
18
- - - - - - - - 7 4 2 43 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
-
- - - - - -
-
- - 1 - - -
1
- - - - - -
-
- - - - - - - - - 4 - 51 - - - - - - -
4 th April,2007
10 7 - 94 - - 3 1 - -
4
- - 1 - - -
1
- - - - - -
-
- - 1 - - -
1
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 10 14 5
33
- - - 4 7 -
11
- - - 3 - 2
5
- - - 1 - -
1
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 26 50 437 59 359 in 35 other incidents miscreants fired hundreds of rockets 6 - - 9 4 - -
13
- - 1 4 14 -
19
- - - - - -
-
- - - - 07 -
7
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 5 47 1 - - 21 - 5 -
26
- - 0 6 21 -
27
- - 1 - - -
1
- - - - 16 8
24
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 22 26 17 95 27

14. Kohlu Total 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 66
6 14 11 12 11
15. Sibi 4 th April,2007 Total 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
3
57
- 1 4 22 16 2
21
- - - - 7
55
- - 3 - 16
16. 17. 4 th April,2007 Total Ziarat 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 4 th April,2007 Total Bolan 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
5
48
- 1 6 22 17 - - - - -
-
1
8
- - - - 1 - - - - -
- 18. 19. 4 th April,2007 Total Nasirabad 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 4 th April,2007 Total Jafferabad 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 4 th April,2007
8
54
- - 1 5 11 3
20
- 5 1 7 5 - -
1
- - - - 5 -
5
- - 1 - 4 - -
-
- - - - - -
-
- - - - - - -
-
- - - - - - - - - -
- -
-
-
- - - - -
-
- - - - -
931
60 56 129 169 156 in 5 other incidents miscreants fired numerous rockets 13
583
4 2 1 9 26 In four other incidents miscreants fired numerous rockets 1
43
- - - - -
- -
9 - 3 10 12 In 3 other incidents miscreants fired numerous 3
37
2 - - - 1 -
3
- 3 161 - 1 - 1
14
- - - - -
- -
- - - 2 8 - 1 - - 3 - -
10
- - - - 1 -
1
-
14
- 2 2 - 9
57
- 1 4 1 8 95
187
2 4 6 11 65 2
90
- 2 - 6 20 - - 5 2 - - -
29
- - - - 15 -
15
-
28
- - - - -
- -
- - - 16 13

20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. Total Jhal Magsi 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 4 th April,2007 Total Loralai 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 4 th April,2007 Total Zhob Sherani 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 4 th April,2007 Barkhan Total Total 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 4 th April,2007 Total Musakhail 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 4 th April,2007 Total Kila Saifullah 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 4 th April,2007 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 4 th April,2007 Total 18
- 1 - 3 - -
4
3 5 2 3 1 -
13
- - 4 1 2 -
7
- 1 - 15 10 -
26
- - - - - -
-
- - 1 3 1 -
5
- - - - - -
- 5
- - - - - -
-
- - 1 - - -
1
- - - - - -
-
- - - - 2 -
2
- - - - - -
-
- - - - - -
-
- - - - - -
-
96
-
- - - - - -
-
2 - - - - -
2
- - - - - -
-
- - - - - -
-
- - - - - -
-
- - - - - -
-
- - - - - -
- 165
- 1 - - - -
1
- 4 - 6 - -
10
- - - - - -
-
- 9 6 30 - -
45
- - - 4 4 -
8
- - - - - -
-
- - - - - -
- 4
- 1 - - - -
1
- 10 2 4 - -
16
- - - - - -
-
- 0 - - 29 -
29
- - - - - -
-
- - - - - -
-
- - -
-
- - -
7
- - - - - -
-
11 28 2 6 1 -
48
- - 1 1 - -
2
- 5 - 4 5 -
14
- - - - - -
-
- - - - - -
-
1 - -
1
- - -

27. 28. 29. Kech 2002 2003 2004 2005
- - 2 15 - - - -
2006 4 th April,2007
4 1 1 -
Total 22 1 Panjgur 2002 2003 2004
- - - - - -
2005 2006 4 th April,2007
2 4 - - - -
Total Gawadar 2002 2003 2004 6
- 19
-
- -
2005 2006 4 th April,2007 Total Grand Total
7 4 1
31 797
- - -
- 111
- 1 - 1 - -
2
- - - - - -
-
- - - 1 -
1 67
97 - - 58 39 15 1
113
- - 1 2 - 7
10
- 4 5 1 2
12 2114
- - 1 4 - -
5
- - - 2 2 -
4
- 3 - - -
3 311
- - - 4 7 -
11
- - - 1 2 -
3
- 14 - - -
14 1003

 Search and Rescue Equipment  Accommodation – Emergency shelter, tents etc  Bottled Water, tinkered clean water  Camping Equipment Chlorine/Chlorinator Suppliers  Cleaning Services  Cool room Hire  Disinfectant Services  Drainers  Dry Pail services  Electrical Appliances  Electricians  Food Preparation and Cooking Appliances and Equipment  Food Suppliers/Outlets  Gas Appliances and Equipment  Heating Appliances/Systems  Field Laboratories  Lighting Services  Medical Practitioners  Night soil Collectors  Morgue Services  Ambulance Services 98

Being a cross-cutting theme, disaster risk management has close links with all development sectors. Given below is a list of national sectoral policies and international protocols that have implications for disaster risk management and vice-a-versa. The NDMA would strive to build linkages with these policies and protocols for the implementation of the Framework.
Sector/Agency
Agriculture Bio-diversity Climate Change Desertification Development Development Development Disaster Management Disaster Management Disaster Risk Management Environment Environment Environment Hazardous Waste Ozone Layer Poverty Reduction Water Resources Disaster Risk Management Mines Electricity Rules
Legislation/document
Agricultural Perspective and Policy Convention for Biodiversity (CBD), June 1992 Framework Convention on Climate Change (UN FCCC), June 1992 Convention for Combating Desertification, October 1994 Medium Term Development Framework 2006-2010, Planning Commission Ten Year Perspective Development Plan, 2001-2011, Planning Commission Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), 2000 SAARC Disaster Management Plan (yet to be finalized) ASEAN Regional Forum – Draft Plan for Mutual Cooperation Hyogo Framework of Action 2005-2015 National Conservation Strategy 1992 National Environment Action Plan (NEAP), 2001 National Environment Policy 2005 Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants , 2001 Basel Convention on the control of Trans-boundary movement of hazardous waste and their disposal, 1994 July Vienna Convention for the Protection of Ozone layer and the Montreal Protocol, December 1992 Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper Draft National Water Policy, 2006 Disaster Management Ordinance     Mines Act 1923. Coal Mines Regulation 1926. Metaliferous Mines Regulations 1926. Consolidated Mines Rules 1952. Electricity Rules 1937. 99

Disasters are unresolved developments problems. The following development programmes and projects are ongoing in the province. Sustainable development does contribute to disaster risk reduction in the long run. Refer to Public Sector Development Programme 2006 – 07 for full details of the respective sectoral development projects in the province.
1. Agriculture 2. Livestock 3. Forestry
15 16 4 4. Wildlife 5. Fisheries 6. Industries 7. Minerals 8. Manpower 9. Sports 10. Culture 11. Tourism 12. Information 13. P.P. & H 1 3 4 7 4 16 5 1 3 34 14. Roads 15. Water 16. Information Technology 17. Education 18. Health 19. Public Health Eng. 369 117 6 143 70 52 20. Social Welfare 21. Environment 22. Local Government 23. Women Development 30 6 11 2 24. B.D.A. 25. Q.D.A. 26. G.D.A. 27. B.C.D.A. 28. Power 29. SP: Programme 30. STD: & Res 31. Other Schemes 32. Public Representation Programme 33. Poverty Alleviation 93 1 1 2 16 3 1 6 1 1 100

a) Earthquake b) Floods c) Dam Failure d) Landslide & Debris Flow (Mudslide) e) Fire f) Drought g) Household Chemical Emergency h) Winter Storms and Extreme Cold i) Excessive Heat / Heat Wave j) Tsunami k) Nuclear Power Plant Emergency l) Crisis Situations
Earthquakes strike suddenly, violently and without warning. Identifying potential hazards ahead of time and advance planning can reduce the dangers of serious injury or loss of life from an earthquake. Repairing deep plaster cracks in ceilings and foundations, anchoring overhead lighting fixtures to the ceiling, and following local seismic building standards, will help reduce the impact of earthquakes.
1.1 Six Ways to Plan Ahead
o Fasten shelves securely to walls. o o Place large or heavy objects on lower shelves. Store breakable items such as bottled foods, glass, and china in low, closed cabinets with latches. o o Hang heavy items such as pictures and mirrors away from beds, couches, and anywhere people sit. Repair defective electrical wiring and leaky gas connections. These are potential fire o o risks. Repair any deep cracks in ceilings or foundations. Get expert advice if there are signs of structural defects. Store weed killers, pesticides, and flammable products securely in closed cabinets with latches and on bottom shelves.
o Under sturdy furniture such as a heavy desk or table. o Away from where glass could shatter around windows, mirrors, pictures, or where o heavy bookcases or other heavy furniture could fall over. In the open, away from buildings, trees, and telephone and electrical lines, overpasses, or elevated expressways. 101

radio and extra batteries, First aid kit and manual, Emergency food and water, Can opener, Essential medicines, Cash, Sturdy shoes, Other essential items.
case of separation, (a real possibility during the day when adults are at work and children are at school), develop a plan for reuniting after the disaster.
Stay as safe as possible during an earthquake. Be aware that some earthquakes are actually foreshocks and a larger earthquake might occur. Minimize your movements to a few steps to a nearby safe place and stay indoors until the shaking has stopped and you are sure exiting is safe.
If Indoors
       
and HOLD ON until the shaking stops. If there isn’t a table or desk near you, cover your face and head with your arms and crouch in an inside corner of the building. Stay away from glass, windows, outside doors and walls, and anything that could fall, such as lighting fixtures or furniture. Be aware that the electricity may go out or the sprinkler systems or fire alarms may turn on. Be aware that fire may break out due to gas piping breakage or electricity short circuit DO NOT use the elevators. If outdoors, stay there. Move away from buildings, streetlights, and utility wires. Once in the open, stay there until the shaking stops. The greatest danger exists directly outside buildings, at exits, and alongside exterior walls. Ground movement during an earthquake is seldom the direct cause of death or injury. Most earthquake-related casualties result from collapsing walls, flying glass, and falling objects.
 Expect aftershocks. These secondary shockwaves are usually less violent than the main quake but can be strong enough to do additional damage to weakened structures and can occur in the first hours, days, weeks, or even months after the quake.  Use the telephone only for emergency calls.  Open cabinets cautiously. Beware of objects that can fall off shelves.  Stay away from damaged areas.  Be aware of possible tsunamis if you live in coastal areas.  Help injured or trapped persons.  Clean up spilled medicines, bleaches, gasoline or other flammable liquids immediately. Leave the area if you smell gas or fumes from other chemicals.  Inspect the entire length of chimneys for damage. Unnoticed damage could lead to a fire. 102

 Inspect utilities: Check for gas leaks. Look for electrical system damage, Check for sewage and water lines damage.
Floods are one of the most common hazards in the low lying areas of Balochistan. Flood effects can be local, impacting a neighbourhood or community, or very large, affecting entire river basins. Some floods develop slowly, sometimes over a period of days. But flash floods can develop quickly, sometimes in just a few minutes and without any visible signs of rain. Flash floods often have a dangerous wall of roaring water that carries rocks, mud, and other debris and can sweep away most things in its path. Overland flooding occurs outside a defined river or stream, such as when a levee is breached, but still can be destructive. Flooding can also occur when a dam breaks, producing effects similar to flash floods. Be aware of flood hazards no matter where you live, but especially if you live in a low-lying area, near water or downstream from a dam. Even very small streams, gullies, creeks, culverts, dry streambeds, or low-lying ground that appears harmless in dry weather can flood.
To prepare for a flood, you should:
 Avoid building in a floodplain unless you elevate and reinforce your home.  Install "check valves" in sewer traps to prevent flood water from backing up into the drains of your home.  Construct barriers (levees, beams, floodwalls) to stop floodwater from entering the building.  Seal walls in basements with waterproofing compounds to avoid seepage.
If a flood is likely in your area, you should:    Listen to the radio or television for information. If there is any possibility of a flash flood, move immediately to higher ground. Do not wait for instructions to move. Be aware of streams, drainage channels, gulleys, and other areas known to flood suddenly. Flash floods can occur in these areas with or without such typical warnings as rain clouds or heavy rain.
 Secure your home. If you have time, bring in outdoor furniture. Move essential items to an upper floor. 103

 Turn off utilities at the main switches or valves if instructed to do so. Disconnect electrical appliances. Do not touch electrical equipment if you are wet or standing in water.
 Do not walk through moving water. Six inches of moving water can make you fall. If you have to walk in water, walk where the water is not moving. Use a stick to check the firmness of the ground in front of you.  Do not drive into flooded areas. If floodwaters rise around your car, abandon the car and move to higher ground if you can do so safely. You and the vehicle can be quickly swept away.  Six inches of water will reach the bottom of most passenger cars causing loss of control and possible stalling.  A foot of water will float many vehicles.  Two feet of rushing water can carry away most vehicles including sport utility vehicles (SUV’s) and pick-ups.  Avoid driving in flood running water
The following are guidelines for the period following a flood:  Listen for news reports to learn whether the community’s water supply is safe to drink.  Avoid floodwaters; water may be contaminated by oil, gasoline, or raw sewage. Water may also be electrically charged from underground or downed power lines.  Avoid moving water.  Be aware of areas where floodwaters have receded. Roads may have weakened and could collapse under the weight of a car.  Stay away from downed power lines, and report them to the power company.  Return home only when authorities indicate it is safe.  Stay out of any building if it is surrounded by floodwaters.  Use extreme caution when entering buildings; there may be hidden damage, particularly in foundations.  Service damaged septic tanks, cesspools, pits, and leaching systems as soon as possible. Damaged sewage systems are serious health hazards.  Clean and disinfect everything that got wet. Mud left from floodwater can contain sewage and chemicals
The consequences of Dam Failure are similar to those of floods. Know your risk. Do you live downstream from a dam? Is the dam a high-hazard or significant-hazard potential dam? To find out, contact your government representative or find out from the Irrigation
regulates the dam. 104

Once you determine that you live downstream from a high-hazard or significant-hazard potential dam and find out who owns the dam, see if an emergency plan is in place for the dam. The plan identifies potential emergency conditions at a dam and specifies pre-planned actions to be followed to reduce property damage and loss of life. The plan specifies actions the dam owner should take to take care of problems at the dam. It also includes steps to assist the dam owner in issuing early warning and notification messages to responsible downstream emergency management authorities of the emergency . If there is a dam failure or an imminent dam failure and you need to evacuate, know your evacuation route and get out of harm's way. In general, evacuation planning and implementation are the responsibility of the authorities or dam owner and local officials responsible for your safety. However, there may be situations where recreational facilities, campgrounds, or residences are located below a dam and local authorities will not be able to issue a timely warning. In this case, the dam owner should coordinate with local emergency management officials to determine who will warn you and in what priority.
In a landslide, masses of rock, earth, or debris move down a slope. Landslides may be small or large, slow or rapid. They are activated by: storms, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, fires, alternate freezing or thawing, and steepening of slopes by erosion or human modification.
Protect yourself from the effects of a landslide or debris flow: 
Do not build near steep slopes, close to mountain edges, near drainage ways, or natural erosion valleys.  Get a ground assessment of your property.  Contact local officials, provincial geological surveys or departments of natural resources, and university departments of geology. Landslides occur where they have before, and in identifiable hazard locations. Ask for information on landslides in your area, specific information on areas vulnerable to landslides, and request a professional referral for a very detailed site analysis of your property, and corrective measures you can take, if necessary.  Minimize home hazards: o Have flexible pipe fittings installed to avoid gas or water leaks, as flexible fittings are more resistant to breakage (only the Gas Company or professionals should install gas fittings). o Plant ground cover on slopes and build retaining walls. o In mudflow areas, build channels or deflection walls to direct the flow around buildings. o Remember: If you build walls to divert debris flow and the flow lands on a neighbour’s property, you may be liable for damages.
1.1 Recognize Landslide Warning Signs
 Changes occur in your landscape such as patterns of storm-water drainage on slopes (especially the places where runoff water converges) land movement, small slides, flows, or progressively leaning trees.  Doors or windows stick or jam for the first time.  New cracks appear in plaster, tile, brick, or foundations. 105

 Outside walls, walks, or stairs begin pulling away from the building.  Slowly developing, widening cracks appear on the ground or on paved areas such as streets or driveways.  Underground utility lines break.  Bulging ground appears at the base of a slope.  Water breaks through the ground surface in new locations.  Fences, retaining walls, utility poles, or trees tilt or move.  A faint rumbling sound that increases in volume is noticeable as the landslide nears.  The ground slopes downward in one direction and may begin shifting in that direction under your feet.  Unusual sounds, such as trees cracking or boulders knocking together, might indicate moving debris.  Collapsed pavement, mud, fallen rocks, and other indications of possible debris flow can be seen when driving (embankments along roadsides are particularly susceptible to landslides).
2.1 What you should do if a landslide or debris flow occurs:
 Stay alert and awake. Many debris-flow fatalities occur when people are sleeping.  If you are in areas susceptible to landslides and debris flows, consider leaving if it is safe
 Listen for any unusual sounds that might indicate moving debris, such as trees cracking
larger landslides. Moving debris can flow quickly and sometimes without warning.  If you are near a stream or channel, be alert for any sudden increase or decrease in water
activity upstream, so be prepared to move quickly. Don't delay! Save yourself, not your belongings.  Be especially alert when driving. Embankments along roadsides are particularly susceptible to landslides. Watch the road for collapsed pavement, mud, fallen rocks, and other indications of possible debris flows.
2.1 What to Do if You Suspect Imminent Landslide Danger
 Contact your local fire, civil Defence, police, or public works department. Local officials are the best persons able to assess potential danger.  Inform affected neighbours. Your neighbours may not be aware of potential hazards.  Evacuate. Getting out of the path of a landslide or debris flow is your best protection.  Curl into a tight ball and protect your head if escape is not possible.
3.1 Guidelines for the period following a landslide:
 Stay away from the slide area. There may be danger of additional slides.  Listen to local radio or television stations for the latest emergency information.  Watch for flooding, which may occur after a landslide or debris flow. Floods sometimes follow landslides and debris flows because they may both be started by the same event. 106

 Check for injured and trapped persons near the slide, without entering the direct slide area. Direct rescuers to their locations.  Help a neighbour who may require special assistance - infants, elderly people, and people with disabilities.  Look for and report broken utility lines and damaged roadways and railways to
 Check the building foundation, chimney, and surrounding land for damage. Damage to foundations, chimneys, or surrounding land may help you assess the safety of the area.  Replant damaged ground as soon as possible since erosion caused by loss of ground cover can lead to flash flooding and additional landslides in the near future.  Seek advice from a geotechnical expert for evaluating landslide hazards or designing
the best ways to prevent or reduce landslide risk, without creating further hazard.
Each year, many people are injured and property destroyed in fires, many of which could be prevented. To protect yourself, it is important to understand the basic characteristics of fire. Fire spreads quickly; there is no time to gather valuables or make a phone call. In just two minutes, a fire can become life threatening. In five minutes, a residence can be engulfed in flames. Heat and smoke from fire can be more dangerous than the flames. Inhaling the super-hot air can sear your lungs. Fire produces poisonous gases that make you disoriented and drowsy. Instead of being awakened by a fire, you may fall into a deeper sleep. Asphyxiation is the leading cause of fire deaths, exceeding burns by a three-to-one ratio.
The following are things you can do to protect yourself, your family, and your property in the event of a fire: Smoke Alarms (For those who can afford)  Install smoke alarms. Properly working smoke alarms decrease your chances of dying in a fire by half.  Place smoke alarms on every level of your residence.  Test and clean smoke alarms once a month and replace batteries at least once a year. Replace smoke alarms once every 10 years.
Escaping the Fire
 Review escape routes with your family/workplace staff. Practice escaping from each room.  Make sure windows are not nailed or painted shut. Make sure security gratings on windows have a fire safety opening feature so they can be easily opened from the inside.  Consider escape ladders if your residence has more than one level, and ensure that burglar bars and other antitheft mechanisms that block outside window entry are easily opened from the inside. 107

 Teach family members and staff to stay low to the floor (where the air is safer in a fire) when escaping from a fire.  Clean out storage areas. Do not let trash, such as old newspapers and magazines, accumulate.
Flammable Items
 Never use gasoline, benzene, naphthalene, or similar flammable liquids indoors.  Store flammable liquids in approved containers in well-ventilated storage areas.  Never smoke near flammable liquids.  Discard all rags or materials that have been soaked in flammable liquids after you have used them. Safely discard them outdoors in a metal container.  Insulate chimneys and place spark arresters on top. The chimney should be at least three feet higher than the roof. Remove branches hanging above and around the chimney.
Heating Sources
 Be careful when using alternative heating sources.  Check with your local fire department on the safety of using certain types of heaters in your community.  Place heaters at least three feet away from flammable materials. Make sure the floor and nearby walls are properly insulated.  Use only the type of fuel designated for your unit and follow manufacturer’s instructions.  Store ashes in a metal container outside and away from your residence.  Keep open flames away from walls, furniture, drapery, and flammable items.  Keep a screen in front of the fireplace.  Have heating units inspected and cleaned annually by a certified specialist.
Matches and Smoking
 Keep matches and lighters up high, away from children, and, if possible, in a locked cabinet.  Never smoke in bed or when drowsy or medicated. Provide smokers with deep, sturdy ashtrays. Douse cigarette and cigar butts with water before disposal.
Electrical Wiring
 Have the electrical wiring in your residence checked by an electrician.  Inspect extension cords for frayed or exposed wires or loose plugs.  Make sure outlets have cover plates and no exposed wiring.  Make sure wiring does not run under rugs, over nails, or across high-traffic areas.  Do not overload extension cords or outlets. If you need to plug in two or three appliances, get an approved unit with built-in circuit breakers to prevent sparks and short circuits.  Make sure insulation does not touch bare electrical wiring.
Other
 Sleep with your door closed.  Install A-B-C-type fire extinguishers in your residence and teach family members how to use them.  Consider installing an automatic fire sprinkler system in your residence.  Ask your local fire department to inspect your residence for fire safety and prevention. 108

If your clothes catch on fire, you should:   Stop, drop, and roll - until the fire is extinguished. Running only makes the fire burn faster. To escape a fire, you should: Check closed doors for heat before you open them. If you are escaping through a closed door, use the back of your hand to feel the top of the door, the doorknob, and the crack between the door and door frame before you open it.  Never use the palm of your hand or fingers to test for heat - burning those areas could impair your ability to escape a fire (i.e., ladders and crawling).
Do not open. Escape through a window. If you cannot escape, hang a white or light-coloured sheet alerting fire fighters to your presence.
outside the window, Open slowly and ensure fire and/or smoke is not blocking your escape route. If your escape route is blocked, shut the door immediately and use an alternate escape route, such as a window. If clear, leave immediately through the door and close it behind you. Be prepared to crawl. Smoke and heat rise. The air is clearer and cooler near the floor.  Crawl low under any smoke to your exit - heavy smoke and poisonous gases collect first along the ceiling.  Close doors behind you as you escape to delay the spread of the fire.  Stay out once you are safely out. Do not re-enter. Call the emergency service
The following are guidelines for different circumstances in the period following a fire:  If you are with burn victims, or are a burn victim yourself, call emergency service; cool and cover burns to reduce chance of further injury or infection.  If you detect heat or smoke when entering a damaged building, evacuate immediately.  If you are a tenant, contact the landlord.  If you have a safe or strong box, do not try to open it. It can hold intense heat for several hours. If the door is opened before the box has cooled, the contents could burst into flames.  If you must leave your home because a building inspector says the building is unsafe, ask someone you trust to watch the property during your absence
A drought is a period of time when there is not enough water to support agricultural, urban, human, or environmental water needs. A drought usually refers to an extended period of below-normal rainfall, but can also be caused by drying bores or lakes, or anything that reduces the amount of liquid water available. Although what is considered "normal" varies from one region to another, drought is a recurring feature of nearly all the world's climatic regions. The effects of drought vary greatly, depending on agricultural, urban and environmental water needs. Water companies, farmers, and ranchers are those that suffer the worst as a result of drought. 109

   
the existing water needs of a particular sector of a society.
can be used for agricultural purposes during dry conditions.
advised to live there
   Be sure to observe any traditional coping mechanisms or follow government advice. Farmers should contact their local agricultural and irrigation departments for disaster assistance information. Be prepared for a drought ahead of time. Install low-flush toilets, use displacement devices in the toilet tanks and repair dripping faucets.
There are dozens of ways to conserve water. The following methods are recommended:        Minimise irrigation during drought Irrigate fields at night Install water-saving showerheads: Install displacement devices in toilets: Displacement devices reduce the amount of water used in each flush but are not for newer, low-water use toilets, which use less than 3 gallons of water per flush. Change water use patterns: Examine your personal use habits and change those patterns that waste water. Recommended conservation activities include: o o Using washing machines and dishwashers only when fully loaded. Using a pan when washing vegetables and dishes instead of letting water run continuously. o Not allowing the water to run continuously when brushing teeth, washing hands, shaving or taking a shower. By turning off the faucet while brushing your teeth, you can save as much as 14 gallons of water a day. Find and Fix Water Leaks: Leaks often account for 10 percent of a consumer’s water bill. Make sure your home is leak free by taking a reading of your water meter when no water is being used in your home. Never pour water down the drain when there may be another use for it, such as watering indoor plants or your garden.        Turn faucets off completely to avoid drips and slow leaks. Repair dripping faucets by replacing washers. Take short showers, not baths. Limit showers to 5 minutes or less. Turn the valves under sinks to reduce the rate of water flow. As you wait for shower water to heat up, collect the water in a bucket for watering plants. Use tight fitting lids on pans when cooking to keep water from boiling away. Cook food in as little water as possible. 110

  Keep a covered bottle of water in the refrigerator for drinking so you won’t have to let the water run to get cold. Insulate hot water lines.
It is important for people who obtain their water supply from shallow water tube wells to allow time for the well to recharge between periods of significant use. Spread major water use activities throughout the week. For example, wash a load of laundry every day instead of a week's worth on one day.
           When water is extremely scarce, do not water your lawn or plantings or wash your car. Your community or individual water supply should be reserved for your most essential needs. Plant native vegetation and drought resistant crops. Group garden plants so they need less water or can be watered more efficiently. Keep gardens well weeded to eliminate competition for water. Use mulch around shrubs and plantings. Only water new, not established gardens and landscaping. Water grass only when needed, soaking slowly and deeply, long enough for the water to reach the roots. Only water during cool hours. Morning or sunset is best. Use trickle or drip irrigation methods. Carry limited watering or irrigation at night. Install automatic shut-off nozzles on all exterior hoses. Use a broom, not a hose, to clean driveways, steps and sidewalks. When washing a car, use a mild non-toxic detergent, parking the car on the grass so the water is also used to water your lawn. Don't refill outdoor swimming pools. Install a pool cover to minimize evaporation losses when not in use.
Other responses to food insecurity following drought
Information needs to improve emergency response include:      improved food balance sheets household budget shares and variable levels of demand amongst different staples improved market price information on main foods data on the incidence of different household coping mechanisms household income shares and an assessment of the likely impact of the drought on the level of income from each source. Needed operational improvements include:    actively facilitate market response during drought crises trade regulations to allow diversifications of livelihoods improve market information services in the province. 111

 Have a mechanism to offload livestock early when severe drought is predicted to minimize losses at the peak of the drought
Heat kills by pushing the human body beyond its limits. In extreme heat and high humidity, evaporation is slowed and the body must work extra hard to maintain a normal temperature. Most heat disorders occur because the victim has been overexposed to heat or has over-exercised for his or her age and physical condition. Older adults, young children, and those who are sick or overweight are more likely to succumb to extreme heat. Conditions that can induce heat-related illnesses include stagnant atmospheric conditions and poor air quality. Consequently, people living in urban areas may be at greater risk from the effects of a prolonged heat wave than those living in rural areas. Also, asphalt and concrete store heat longer and gradually release heat at night, which can produce higher night time temperatures known as the "urban heat island effect."
To prepare for extreme heat, you should:       Install window air conditioners snugly; insulate if necessary. Check air-conditioning ducts for proper insulation. Install temporary window reflectors (for use between windows and drapes), such as aluminium foil-covered cardboard, to reflect heat back outside. Weather-strip doors and sills to keep cool air in. Cover windows that receive morning or afternoon sun with drapes, shades, awnings, or louvers. (Outdoor awnings or louvers can reduce the heat that enters a home by up to 80 percent.) Keep storm windows up all year.
What you should do if the weather is extremely hot:      Stay indoors as much as possible and limit exposure to the sun. Stay on the lowest floor out of the sunshine if air conditioning is not available. Consider spending the warmest part of the day in public buildings such as libraries, schools, movie theatres, shopping malls, and other community facilities. Circulating air can cool the body by increasing the perspiration rate of evaporation. Eat well-balanced, light, and regular meals. Avoid using salt tablets unless directed to do so by a physician. Drink plenty of water. Persons who have epilepsy or heart, kidney, or liver disease; are on fluid-restricted diets; or have a problem with fluid retention should consult a doctor before increasing liquid intake. 112

      Limit intake of alcoholic beverages. Dress in loose-fitting, lightweight, and light-coloured clothes that cover as much skin as possible. Protect face and head by wearing a wide-brimmed hat. Check on family, friends, and neighbours who do not have air conditioning and who spend much of their time alone. Never leave children or pets alone in closed vehicles. Avoid strenuous work during the warmest part of the day. Use a buddy system when working in extreme heat, and take frequent breaks.
Additional Information
 An emergency water shortage can be caused by prolonged drought, poor water supply management, or contamination of a surface water supply source or aquifer.  Drought can affect vast territorial regions and large population numbers. Drought also creates environmental conditions that increase the risk of other hazards such as fire, flash flood, and possible landslides and debris flow.  Conserving water means more water available for critical needs for everyone.
Heavy snowfall and extreme cold can immobilize an entire region. Even areas that normally experience mild winters can be hit with a major snowstorm or extreme cold. Winter storms can result in flooding, storm surge, closed highways, blocked roads, downed power lines and hypothermia.
1.1 Add the following supplies to your disaster supplies kit:
  
1.2 Prepare your home and family and staff:
 Prepare for possible isolation in your home by having sufficient heating fuel; regular fuel sources may be cut off. For example, store a good supply of dry, seasoned wood for your fireplace or wood-burning stove.  Winterize your home to extend the life of your fuel supply by insulating walls  Winterize your house, barn, shed or any other structure that may provide shelter for your family, neighbours, livestock or equipment.  Insulate pipes with insulation or newspapers and plastic and allow faucets to drip a little during cold weather to avoid freezing.  Keep fire extinguishers on hand, and make sure everyone in your house knows how to use them. House fires pose an additional risk, as more people turn to alternate heating sources without taking the necessary safety precautions.  Learn how to shut off gas, electricity or water valves (in case a pipe bursts).  Know ahead of time what you should do to help elderly or disabled friends, neighbours or
113

 Hire a contractor to check the structural ability of the roof to sustain unusually heavy weight from the accumulation of snow - or water, if drains on flat roofs do not work.  Check or have a mechanic check that your car is in good order, Maintain at least a half
 Install good winter tires. Make sure the tires have adequate tread.  Place a winter emergency kit in your car that includes: a shovel, windshield scraper and small broom, flashlight, battery powered radio, extra batteries, water, matches, extra hats, socks and mittens, First aid kit with pocket knife, Necessary medications, blanket(s), tow chain or rope, road salt and sand, booster cables, emergency flares, fluorescent distress flag
1.3 Dresses for the Weather
 Wear several layers of loose fitting, lightweight; warm clothing rather than one layer of heavy clothing. The outer garments should be tightly woven and water repellent.  Wear mittens, which are warmer than gloves.  Wear a hat.  Cover your mouth with a scarf to protect your lungs.
2.1 Guidelines
 Listen to your radio, television, for weather reports and emergency information.  Eat regularly and drink ample fluids, but avoid caffeine and alcohol.  Conserve fuel, if necessary, by keeping your residence cooler than normal. Temporarily close off heat to some rooms.  If the pipes freeze, remove any insulation or layers of newspapers and wrap pipes in rags. Completely open all faucets and pour hot water over the pipes, starting where they were most exposed to the cold (or where the cold was most likely to penetrate).  Maintain ventilation when using kerosene heaters to avoid build-up of toxic fumes. Refuel kerosene heaters outside and keep them at least three feet from flammable objects.
2.2 If you are outdoors
 Avoid overexertion when shovelling snow. Overexertion can bring on a heart attack—a major cause of death in the winter. If you must shovel snow, stretch before going outside.  Cover your mouth. Protect your lungs from extremely cold air by covering your mouth when outdoors. Try not to speak unless absolutely necessary.  Keep dry. Change wet clothing frequently to prevent a loss of body heat. Wet clothing loses all of its insulating value and transmits heat rapidly.  Watch for signs of frostbite. These include loss of feeling and white or pale appearance in extremities such as fingers, toes, ear lobes, and the tip of the nose. If symptoms are detected, get medical help immediately.  Watch for signs of hypothermia. These include uncontrollable shivering, memory loss, disorientation, incoherence, slurred speech, drowsiness, and apparent exhaustion. 
o o o get the victim to a warm location remove wet clothing put the person in dry clothing and wrap their entire body in a blanket 114

o o o warm the centre of the body first give warm, non-alcoholic or non-caffeinated beverages if the victim is conscious get medical help as soon as possible.
2.3 If you are driving

 Travel in the day, don’t travel alone, and keep others informed of your schedule.  Stay on main roads; avoid back road shortcuts. 
 Pull off the highway. Turn on hazard lights and hang a distress flag from the radio antenna or window.  Remain in your vehicle where rescuers are most likely to find you. Do not set out on foot unless you can see a building close by where you know you can take shelter. Be careful; distances are distorted by blowing snow. A building may seem close, but be too far to walk to in deep snow.  Run the engine and heater about 10 minutes each hour to keep warm. When the engine is running, open a downwind window slightly for ventilation and periodically clear snow from the exhaust pipe. This will protect you from possible carbon monoxide poisoning.  Exercise to maintain body heat, but avoid overexertion. In extreme cold, use road maps, seat covers, and floor mats for insulation. Huddle with passengers and use your coat for a blanket.  Take turns sleeping. One person should be awake at all times to look for rescue crews.  Drink fluids to avoid dehydration.  Be careful not to waste battery power. Balance electrical energy needs - the use of lights, heat, and radio - with supply.  Turn on the inside light at night so work crews or rescuers can see you.  If stranded in a remote area, stomp large block letters in an open area spelling out HELP or SOS and line with rocks or tree limbs to attract the attention of rescue personnel who may be surveying the area by airplane.  Leave the car and proceed on foot - if necessary - once the blizzard passes.
Tsunamis (pronounced soo-ná-mees), also known as seismic sea waves (mistakenly called “tidal waves”), are a series of enormous waves created by an underwater disturbance such as an earthquake, landslide, volcanic eruption, or meteorite. A tsunami can move hundreds of miles per hour in the open ocean and smash into land with waves as high as 100 feet or more. From the area where the tsunami originates, waves travel outward in all directions. Once the wave approaches the shore, it builds in height. The topography of the coastline and the ocean floor will influence the size of the wave. There may be more than one wave and the succeeding one may be 115

larger than the one before. That is why a small tsunami at one beach can be a giant wave a few miles away.
The following are guidelines for what you should do if a tsunami is likely in your area:
 Turn on your radio to learn if there is a tsunami warning if an earthquake occurs and you are in a coastal area.  Move inland to higher ground immediately and stay there.  Stay away from the beach. Never go down to the beach to watch a tsunami come in. If you can see the wave you are too close to escape it.  CAUTION - If there is noticeable recession in water away from the shoreline this is
The following are guidelines for the period following a tsunami:  Stay away from flooded and damaged areas until officials say it is safe to return.  Stay away from debris in the water; it may pose a safety hazard to boats and people.  Save yourself - not your possessions
Nearly every household uses products containing hazardous materials or chemicals. Although the risk of a chemical accident is slight, knowing how to handle these products and how to react during an emergency can reduce the risk of injury to loved ones. There are probably many hazardous materials throughout your home than you may think. Below is a list of the common ones. Take a look at the product available in your home and check the label and take the necessary steps to ensure that you are using, storing, and disposing of the material according to the manufacturer’s directions.
       Oven cleaners Drain cleaners Wood and metal cleaners and polishes Toilet cleaners Tub, tile, shower cleaners Bleach (laundry) Pool chemicals
       Ant sprays and baits Cockroach sprays and baits Flea repellents and shampoo Bug sprays Houseplant insecticides Moth repellents Mouse and rat poisons and baits 116

        Motor oil Fuel additives Carburettors and fuel injection cleaners Air conditioning refrigerants Starter fluids Automotive batteries Transmission and brake fluid Antifreeze    Herbicides Insecticides Fungicides/wood preservatives
    Batteries Mercury thermostats or thermometers Fluorescent light bulbs Driveway sealer
        Adhesives and glues Furniture strippers Oil- or enamel-based paint Stains and finishes Paint thinners and turpentine Paint strippers and removers Photographic chemicals Fixatives and other solvents       Propane tanks and other compressed gas cylinders Kerosene Home heating oil Diesel fuel Gas/oil mix Lighter fluid It is critical to store household chemicals in places where children cannot access them. Remember that products such as aerosol cans of hair spray and deodorant, nail polish and nail polish remover, toilet bowl cleaners, and furniture polishes all fall into the category of hazardous materials.
If there is a danger of fire or explosion:
 Get out of the residence immediately. Do not waste time collecting items or calling the fire department when you are in danger. Call the fire department from outside (a cellular phone or a neighbour’s phone) once you are safely away from danger.  Stay upwind and away from the residence to avoid breathing toxic fumes.
Recognize and respond to symptoms of toxic poisoning:
       Difficulty breathing. Irritation of the eyes, skin, throat, or respiratory tract. Changes in skin colour. Headache or blurred vision. Dizziness. Clumsiness or lack of coordination. Cramps or diarrhoea. 117

 Find any containers of the substance that are readily available in order to provide requested information. Call the emergency services  Follow the emergency operator or dispatcher’s first aid instructions carefully. The first aid advice found on containers may be out of date or inappropriate. Do not give anything by mouth unless advised to do so by a medical professional.  Discard clothing that may have been contaminated. Some chemicals may not wash out completely.
Nuclear power plants use the heat generated from nuclear fission in a contained environment to convert water to steam, which powers generators to produce electricity. Although the construction and operation of these facilities are closely monitored and regulated by the Specialized Authority accidents are possible. An accident could result in dangerous levels of radiation that could affect the health and safety of the public living near the nuclear power plant. The concerned authorities have emergency response plans in the event of a nuclear power plant incident. The plans define two “emergency planning zones.” One zone covers an area within a 10-mile radius of the plant, where it is possible that people could be harmed by direct radiation exposure. The second zone covers a broader area, usually up to a 50-mile radius from the plant, where radioactive materials could contaminate water supplies, food crops, and livestock. The potential danger from an accident at a nuclear power plant is exposure to radiation. This exposure could come from the release of radioactive material from the plant into the environment, usually characterized by a plume (cloud-like formation) of radioactive gases and particles. The major hazards to people in the vicinity of the plume are radiation exposure to the body from the cloud and particles deposited on the ground, inhalation of radioactive materials, and ingestion of radioactive materials. Radioactive materials are composed of atoms that are unstable. An unstable atom gives off its excess energy until it becomes stable. The energy emitted is radiation. Each of us is exposed to radiation daily from natural sources, including the Sun and the Earth. Small traces of radiation are present in food and water. Radiation also is released from man-made sources such as X-ray machines, television sets, and microwave ovens. Radiation has a cumulative effect. The longer a person is exposed to radiation, the greater the effect. A high exposure to radiation can cause serious illness or death. Although the risk of a chemical accident is slight, knowing how to handle these products and how to react during an emergency can reduce the risk of injury. 118

Obtain public emergency information materials from the power company that operates your local nuclear power plant or your local emergency services office. If you live within 10 miles of the power plant, you should receive these materials yearly from the power company or your state or local government.
evacuation or remaining indoors to minimize exposure.
The following are guidelines for what you should do if a nuclear power plant emergency occurs. Keep a battery-powered radio with you at all times and listen to the radio for specific instructions. Close and lock doors and windows. If you are told to evacuate:  Keep car windows and vents closed; use re-circulating air. If you are advised to remain indoors:    Turn off the air conditioner, ventilation fans, furnace, and other air intakes. Go to a basement or other underground area, if possible. Do not use the telephone unless absolutely necessary. If you expect you have been exposed to nuclear radiation:     Change clothes and shoes. Put exposed clothing in a plastic bag. Seal the bag and place it out of the way. Take a thorough shower. Keep food in covered containers or in the refrigerator. Food not previously covered should be washed before being put in to containers.
A nuclear blast is an explosion with intense light and heat, a damaging pressure wave, and widespread radioactive material that can contaminate the air, water, and ground surfaces for miles around. A nuclear device can range from a weapon carried by an intercontinental missile launched by a hostile nation or terrorist organization, to a small portable nuclear devise transported by an individual. All nuclear devices cause deadly effects when exploded, including blinding light, intense heat (thermal 119

radiation), initial nuclear radiation, blast, fires started by the heat pulse, and secondary fires caused by the destruction.
The extent, nature, and arrival time of these hazards are difficult to predict. The geographical dispersion of hazard effects will be defined by the following:
 Size of the device. A more powerful bomb will produce more distant effects.  Height above the ground the device was detonated. This will determine the extent of blast effects.  Nature of the surface beneath the explosion. Some materials are more likely to become radioactive and airborne than others. Flat areas are more susceptible to blast effects.  Existing meteorological conditions. Wind speed and direction will affect arrival time of fallout; precipitation may wash fallout from the atmosphere.
Even if individuals are not close enough to the nuclear blast to be affected by the direct impacts, they may be affected by radioactive fallout. Any nuclear blast results in some fallout. Blasts that occur near the earth’s surface create much greater amounts of fallout than blasts that occur at higher altitudes. This is because the tremendous heat produced from a nuclear blast causes an up-draft of air that forms the familiar mushroom cloud. When a blast occurs near the earth’s surface, millions of vaporized dirt particles also are drawn into the cloud. As the heat diminishes, radioactive materials that have vaporized condense on the particles and fall back to Earth. The phenomenon is called radioactive fallout. This fallout material decays over a long period of time, and is the main source of residual nuclear radiation. Fallout from a nuclear explosion may be carried by wind currents for hundreds of miles if the right conditions exist. Effects from even a small portable device exploded at ground level can be potentially deadly. Nuclear radiation cannot be seen, smelled, or otherwise detected by normal senses. Radiation can only be detected by radiation monitoring devices. This makes radiological emergencies different from other types of emergencies, such as floods or hurricanes. Monitoring can project the fallout arrival times, which will be announced through official warning channels. However, any increase in surface build-up of gritty dust and dirt should be a warning for taking protective measures. 120

In addition to other effects, a nuclear weapon detonated in or above the earth’s atmosphere can create an electromagnetic pulse (EMP), a high-density electrical field. An EMP acts like a stroke of lightning but is stronger, faster, and shorter. An EMP can seriously damage electronic devices connected to power sources or antennas. This includes communication systems, computers, electrical appliances, and automobile or aircraft ignition systems. The damage could range from a minor interruption to actual burnout of components. Most electronic equipment within 1,000 miles of a high-altitude nuclear detonation could be affected. Battery-powered radios with short antennas generally would not be affected. Although an EMP is unlikely to harm most people, it could harm those with pacemakers or other implanted electronic devices.
Throughout human history, there have been many threats to the security of nations. These threats have brought about large-scale losses of life, the destruction of property, widespread illness and injury, the displacement of large numbers of people, and devastating economic loss. Cases of bomb blast, bomb scare, missile attack, riots, demonstrations, terrorist attack, and crowd related accidents and hostage taking are a common phenomenon nowadays. Recent technological advances and ongoing national and international political unrest are components of the increased risk to people’s safety and security.
 Be aware of your surroundings.  Move or leave if you feel uncomfortable or if something does not seem right.  Take precautions when travelling. Be aware of conspicuous or unusual behaviour. Do not accept packages from strangers. Do not leave luggage unattended. You should promptly report unusual behaviour, suspicious or unattended packages, and strange devices to the police or security personnel.  Learn where emergency exits are located in buildings you frequent. Plan how to get out in the event of an emergency.  Be prepared to do without services you normally depend on—electricity, telephone, natural gas, gasoline pumps, cash registers, ATMs, and Internet transactions.  Work with building owners to ensure the following items are located on each floor of the building: o o o o o Portable, battery-operated radio and extra batteries. Several flashlights and extra batteries. First aid kit and manual. Hard hats and dust masks. Fluorescent tape to rope off dangerous areas. 121

person, to a sick or injured person until definitive medical treatment can be accessed, or until the illness or injury is dealt with (as not all illnesses or injuries will require a higher level of treatment). It generally consists of series of simple, sometimes life saving, medical techniques, that an individual, either with or without formal medical training, can be trained to perform with minimal equipment. First aid can also be performed on animals other than humans, although this article refers specifically to human first aid. Contact Your Local Red Crescent or Civil Defence Office for First Aid Skills. A First Aid Kit is a collection of supplies and equipment for use in giving first aid, particularly in a medical emergency. Most first aid kits contain bandages for controlling bleeding, personal protective equipment such as gloves and a breathing barrier for performing rescue breathing and CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation), and sometimes instructions on how to perform first aid to various first aid scenarios. Always make sure you have a First Aid Kit in your house, office or car. The contents of the kit vary depending upon the number of people it is designed to protect, as well as its intent for use. Recommended contents of a first-aid kit include the following: Instruments Bandages erfly bandages 122

Medications antacid anti-diarrhoeal medication antihistamine aspirin antiseptic ointment calamine lotion decongestant ibuprofen sugar or glucose solution syrup of ipecac acetaminophen Miscellaneous Items alcohol (rubbing 70 percent) alcohol wipes blanket candles chemical ice packs or ice bag chemical hot packs or hot water bottle cotton swabs disposable latex gloves face mask for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) first-aid book flashlight hydrogen peroxide insect repellent insect sting swabs matches paper and pencil paper cups soap safety pins tissues tongue blades
Everyday items to use in an emergency:
 disposable or cloth diapers for compresses, bandages, or padding for splints  dish towels for bandages or slings  umbrella for use as a splint Visit Your Local Red Crescent Society Branch and or Civil Defence Branch for Skills on First Aid. 123

Aftershocks generally decrease in number and magnitude over time.
See also "warning".
area.
from a volcanic eruption.
to make recommendations for prevention, preparedness and response.
unsorted mixtures of snow/ice/rock material.
handling of hazardous chemical substances.
blankets, food, equipment etc) offered or provided in case of disaster.
specialized uniformed forces to take the lead in restoring order, such as bomb blast, bomb scare, hostage taking, riots, demonstrations and hijackings.
objects according to three (or more) categories: "Light damage": such as broken windows, slight damage to roofing and siding, interior partitions blown down, and cracked walls; the damage is not severe enough to preclude use of the installation for the purpose for which was intended. "Moderate damage": the degree of damage to principal members, who preclude effective use of the structure, facility, or object for its intended purpose, unless major repairs are made short of complete reconstruction. "Severe damage": This precludes further use of the structure, facility, or object for its intended purpose.
trunks, etc.
capable of retaining vegetation, and progressing towards becoming a desert. 124

activities which pertains the immediate response and beyond when disaster strikes.
immediate relief, rehabilitation, and reconstruction.
organisation, operational skills and capacities to implement policies, strategies and coping capacities of the society and communities to lessen the impacts of hazards and related environmental and technological disasters.
possibilities to minimise vulnerabilities and disaster risks throughout a society, to avoid (prevention) or to limit (mitigation and preparedness) the adverse effects of hazards, within the broad context of sustainable development.
human, material, economic or environmental losses that exceed the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources. Disasters are often classified according to their speed of onset (sudden or slow). All disasters are man-made.
leave their homes. They may or may not reside in their country of origin, but are not legally regarded as refugees.
plants, animals and human beings.
starts and from which waves radiate.
surface, resulting in the vibration of the ground, which where strong enough will cause the collapse of buildings and destruction of life and property.
government agencies as well as volunteer organizations and businesses to respond to an unprecedented situation that may end being a disaster if not well managed.
and co-ordination or all activities during the response phase a disaster.
minimize its adverse consequences to causing body injury, harm, death and disruption of normal activity.
nuclear bomb explosions and, induced radioactivity and atomic reactor accidents. 125

environmental and socio-economic reasons leading to massive deaths.
and because of its nature is difficult to forecast.
embankments, etc. to avoid floods.
loss of life or injury, property damage, social and economic disruption or environmental degradation.
strictly refers to down-slope movement of rock and/or earth masses along one or several slide surfaces.
between a few metres to several tens of kilometres per hour.
stream flow within a specified area along the stream or to prevent flooding due to waves or tides.
energy, sanitation, communications and transportation.
living for their daily survival.
distribution of materials. Also applicable to the transportation of people.
volcanic vent.
energy released by an earthquake (as contrasted to intensity that describes its effects at a particular place), expressed in terms of the motion that would be measured by a specific type of seismograph located 100 km from the epicentre of an earthquake. Nowadays several "magnitude scales" are in use. They are based on amplitudes of different or on the seismic moment.
126

more essential nutrients, either manifest or detectable by test. Malnutrition can also be due to an excess of the wrong food.
natural hazards, environmental degradation and technological hazards.
non-structural means, e.g. land-use planning (flood plain zoning), advance warning systems, flood insurance.
industrial, chemical or biological wastes, from debris of man-made products and from mismanagement of natural and environmental resources.
its chemical and bacteriological composition, and is agreeable to drink.
the amount of precipitation; principally a rain-gauge or snow-gauge.
unit time interval.
impact of hazards, including the issuance of timely and effective early warnings and the temporary evacuation of people and property from threatened locations.
includes engineering and other physical protective measures, and also legislative measures controlling land use and urban planning. See also "preparedness".
actions needed to save lives and property prior to and in the event of disaster.
subsequent to a disaster. Actions would include construction of permanent housing, full restoration of all services, and complete resumption of the pre-disaster state.
for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion mostly outside the country of nationality and unable to return or avail himself of the protection of that country. Includes mass exodus of peoples for reasons of conflict and natural disasters moving outside their country of origin. 127

stricken community to its former living conditions, whilst encouraging and facilitating the necessary adjustments to the changes caused by the disaster.
subsistence needs. It can be of emergency or protracted duration.
subsistence needs. It can be of emergency or protracted duration.
distance, frequently using data collected by satellite.
otherwise affected by a disaster to an area different from their last place of habitation.
strengthened by, and even be transformed by experiences of adversity such as disaster. However it is used quite differently in various fields.
livelihoods, economic activity disrupted or environment damaged) resulting from interactions between natural or human-induced hazards and vulnerable conditions
application of first aid and basic medical assistance as may be required.
fires or landslides following earthquakes, epidemics following famines, food shortages following drought or floods.
habitation facilities. Immediate post-disaster needs are met by the use of tents. Alternatives may include polypropylene houses, plastic sheeting, geodesic domes, and other similar types of temporary housing.
communities in order to represent disaster situations to promote more effective coordination of response from relevant authorities and the population.
relief effort and which outlines the details of the emergency, the needs generated, and the responses undertaken by all donors as they become known. Situation Reports (Sit-Reps) are issued by OCHA, UNDRO, by UNHCR, ICRC and LRCS.
substantial proportion of the total calorie supply is obtained. 128

intake over a period of time leading to severe physiological, functional, behavioural, and morphological differences.
needed for disaster response.
earthquake, volcanic eruption or submarine landslide); capable of propagation over large distances and causing a destructive surge on reaching land. The Japanese term for this phenomenon, which is observed mainly in the Pacific, has been adopted for general usage.
from a volcanic vent.
in many countries throughout the world. Some possess personnel trained to assist when disaster strikes. Some volags have capabilities that extend from the local to national and international levels.
phenomenon. The conditions determined by physical, social, economic and environmental factors or processes that increase the susceptibility of a community to the impact of hazards
protective measures. See also "alert" 129

SN
Name
1. Khuda Bakhsh Baloch 2. Abdul Salam Baloch 3. Abdus S. Khan 4. Abdul Karim 5. Muhammad Hamayun 6. Sadar Muhammad 7. Abdul Jalil 8. Dr. Amjad 9. Mj. Nadir Ali 10. Eng. M. Khan 11. Nazeer Ahmed S. 12. Capt. Niaz Muhammad 13. Amtad Ali Khan 14. Dawood M. Bareach 15. Syed Q. Gharshin 16. Hidayatullah Partau
Designation
Relief Commissioner Secretary Secretary Secretary Secretary Secretary Secretary Secretary Lab. In Charge Regional Manager Director General Crisis Management Officer Programme Coordinator Executive Director Assistant Director
Department / Organisation
Board Member III Livestock & Dairy Irrigation & Power Agriculture Home C & W Social Welfare Livestock Department Planning & Development Environment Protection Agency Utility Stores Corp Environment Department Relief Commissioner
Telephone
081-9201045 081-9202243 081-9201074 081-9201261 081-9202400 081-9202374 081-9201502 0333-7812964 081-9201052 081-9201180 0333-7803543 081-9211384 081-9201840 0300-3906556 081-9211638 081-2827740 081-2665713 17. Inam-ul-Haq 18. Andrew James 19. Shaukat H. Changezi 20. Mj. (Rtd) Sardar Muhammad S.D. 21. Dr. Muhammad Siddiq 22. Khurram Javed 23. 24. Dr. Mohammad Tariq J. 25. Muhamad J. Iqbal 26. Mushtaq Ahmed 27. Akbar Ali Khan 28. Zubair Murshed 29. Zafar Iqbal Deputy Secretary Head of Office Director General Secretary Manager, Health Programme Officer Director Emergency Health Secretary Director Deputy Director Advisor ARR UNDP/ADP-B BEEJ Civil Defence Balochistan Development Department ICRC - Quetta Civil Defence-Quetta Pakistan Red Crescent Society Save the Children Fund BEEJ Met Department Health Department Agriculture C & W Department C & W Department UNDP CPR Unit UNDP CPR Unit 081-9201179 081-2834330 081-9203514 081-4001132 081-2821549 0321-8018412 081-9202287 Preparation of this plan has been facilitated by facilitated by: Mr. Khuda Bakhsh Baloch Relief Commissioner / MBR III Civil Secretariat – Zerghoon Road Block No.2 Room No. 28 Ground Floor Telephone 081 – 9201045 / 9201052 Balochistan, Quetta With technical assistance from UNDP Pakistan. Please send any comments to this draft to the above address. 130