NZQA Expiring unit standard
27140 version 3
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Title
Describe continence, incontinence, interventions, and required
reporting in an aged care, health, or disability context
Level
2
Credits
8
Purpose
People credited with this unit standard are able to describe:
human body bladder and bowel functioning related to
maintaining continence; types of incontinence, indicators of
incontinence, factors that may affect continence, and the
process for assessment of a person showing indicators of
incontinence; interventions, products, and practices that may
assist people living with incontinence; and reporting
requirements related to changes in people living with
incontinence in an aged care, health, or disability context.
Classification
Health, Disability, and Aged Support > Core Health
Available grade
Achieved
Explanatory notes
Version 2 was republished to correct errors in the replacement information.
1
2
Legislation and codes relevant to this unit standard include:
Health and Disability Commissioner (Code of Health and Disability Services
Consumers’ Rights) Regulations 1996;
Health Information Privacy Code (1994);
Human Rights Act 1993;
Privacy Act 1993.
This unit standard is
expiring
New Zealand Standards relevant
to this unit standard include:
Age related residential care agreement 2009-2010 Ministry of Health: Wellington.
NZS 8134.0:2008 Health and disability services Standards – Health and disability
services (general) Standard;
NZS 8134.1:2008 Health and disability services Standards – Health and disability
services (core) Standards;
NZS 8134.3:2008 Health and disability services Standards – Health and disability
services (infection prevention and control) Standards;
NZS 8158:2003 Home and Community Support Sector Standard; available at
http://www.standards.co.nz/.
3
Primary references include:
Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing. (n.d.). Bladder and bowel
website: Take control – An initiative of the National Continence Management
Strategy. Retrieved 2 February, 2011, from http://www.bladderbowel.gov.au/;
Community Support Services ITO Limited
SSB Code 101814
 New Zealand Qualifications Authority 2016
NZQA Expiring unit standard
27140 version 3
Page 2 of 5
Continence Foundation of Australia. (2009). The continence guide: Bladder and
bowel control explained. Author: Parkville, VIC., available at
http://www.continence.org.au/resources.php;
Deakin University, funded under the National Continence Management Strategy.
(2009). Continence tools for residential aged care: An education guide. Author:
Burwood, Vic., Australia. This guide and other resources are available at
http://www.bladderbowel.gov.au/ncms\ctrac.htm;
New Zealand Continence Association. (n.d.). Caring for someone with incontinence.
Retrieved 15 February, 2011, from http://www.continence.org.nz/content/ContinenceInformation-Adults/18/;
New Zealand Continence Association. (n.d.). Older People and continence.
Retrieved 15 February, 2011, from http://www.continence.org.nz/content/ContinenceInformation-Adults/18/;
Other New Zealand Continence Association resources focusing on specific
populations or issues related to continence are available at
http://www.continence.org.nz/.
4
Definitions
Candidate refers to the person seeking credit for this unit standard.
Organisation’s policies and procedures are the policies and procedures of the
employing organisation of the candidate and include ethical codes, standards, and
other organisational requirements.
Person refers to a user of services in a health or disability context in either a
residential care facility or in a private home – the person’s own or a friend’s, group’s,
or family member’s.
Outcomes and evidence requirements
Outcome 1
Describe human body bladder and bowel functioning related to maintaining continence.
This unit standard is
The role of the human urinary system in maintaining continence is described in
accordance with the primary
references.
expiring
Evidence requirements
1.1
Range
1.2
The role of the human digestive system in maintaining continence is described
in accordance with the primary references.
Range
1.3
system includes – lower urinary tract, kidneys, ureters, bladder,
urethra, prostate, pelvic floor muscles, urine.
system includes – mouth, stomach, small intestine/bowel, large
intestine/bowel, rectum, anus, bowel motion/faeces.
Normal bladder and bowel functions are described in accordance with the
primary references.
Community Support Services ITO Limited
SSB Code 101814
 New Zealand Qualifications Authority 2016
NZQA Expiring unit standard
27140 version 3
Page 3 of 5
Outcome 2
Describe types of incontinence, indicators of incontinence, factors that may affect
continence, and the process for assessment of a person showing indicators of
incontinence in an aged care, health, or disability context.
Evidence requirements
2.1
The causes of common types of urinary incontinence are described in
accordance with the primary references.
Range
2.2
The causes of common types of faecal incontinence are described in
accordance with the primary references.
Range
2.3
common types of faecal incontinence may include but are not
limited to – constipation, diarrhoea, impaction;
evidence is required of a minimum of two types;
evidence is required for two causes for each type.
Observable indicators of incontinence are described in accordance with the
primary references.
Range
2.4
common types of urinary incontinence may include but are not
limited to – stress incontinence, over-active bladder syndrome,
mixed urinary incontinence, functional incontinence;
evidence is required of a minimum of two types;
evidence is required for two causes for each type.
indicators include those related to – skin condition, bladder voiding
pattern and control, bowel movements, food and fluid intake, signs
of urinary tract infection.
This unit standard is
Range
factors mayexpiring
include but are not limited to – age, impaired mental
function, impaired mobility, overweight, infection, medications,
Factors that may affect a person’s ability to remain continent are described in
accordance with the primary references.
neurological disorders, medical conditions and diseases;
evidence is required of a minimum of four factors.
2.5
The process for assessment of a person showing indicators of incontinence is
described in terms of advice from a health practitioner and/or the organisation’s
policies and procedures.
Community Support Services ITO Limited
SSB Code 101814
 New Zealand Qualifications Authority 2016
NZQA Expiring unit standard
27140 version 3
Page 4 of 5
Outcome 3
Describe interventions, products, and practices that may assist people living with
incontinence in an aged care, health, or disability context.
Evidence requirements
3.1
Interventions are described in relation to different types of toileting assistance,
behavioural modifications, access, and changes to the environment.
Range
3.2
Lifestyle interventions for the treatment and/or management of incontinence are
described in terms of the type of incontinence experienced.
Range
3.3
lifestyle interventions include but are not limited to – modification
of food and fluid intake, bladder retraining, pelvic floor muscle
exercises, individualised toileting programmes, use of
incontinence medications, treatment of underlying conditions.
Containment of incontinence is described in relation to the correct selection,
application, care, removal, and disposal of continence products.
Range
3.4
interventions include but are not limited to – individualised toileting
programme; prompted voiding; timed toileting; use of toileting aids,
providing sufficient time for people to complete toileting
requirements; environmental changes including use of signage
and ease of access to toileting facilities; modification of clothing;
access to information, education, and resources on incontinence
for the person and the person’s family/whānau.
products include but are not limited to – absorbent pads,
uridomes, urinary catheters and associated drainage systems,
products for bed and chair protection, ostomy products.
This unit standard is
expiring
Range
evidence is required of four infection control practices.
Infection control practices that may assist a person living with incontinence are
described in accordance with the organisation’s policies and procedures.
Outcome 4
Describe reporting requirements related to changes in people living with incontinence in an
aged care, health, or disability context.
Evidence requirements
4.1
Changes to be reported are described in terms of observed indicators and in
accordance with the organisation’s policies and procedures.
Community Support Services ITO Limited
SSB Code 101814
 New Zealand Qualifications Authority 2016
NZQA Expiring unit standard
Replacement information
27140 version 3
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This unit standard has been replaced by unit standard
28546
This unit standard is expiring. Assessment against the standard must take place by
the last date for assessment set out below.
Status information and last date for assessment for superseded versions
Process
Version Date
Last Date for Assessment
Registration
1
18 February 2011
31 December 2016
Review
2
19 March 2015
31 December 2018
Rollover
3
17 September 2015
31 December 2018
Consent and Moderation Requirements (CMR) reference
0024
This CMR can be accessed at http://www.nzqa.govt.nz/framework/search/index.do.
Please note
Providers must be granted consent to assess against standards (accredited) by NZQA,
before they can report credits from assessment against unit standards or deliver courses
of study leading to that assessment.
Industry Training Organisations must be granted consent to assess against standards by
NZQA before they can register credits from assessment against unit standards.
Providers and Industry Training Organisations, which have been granted consent and
which are assessing against unit standards must engage with the moderation system that
applies to those standards.
This unit standard is
expiring
Requirements for consent to assess and an outline of the moderation system that applies
to this standard are outlined in the Consent and Moderation Requirements (CMR). The
CMR also includes useful information about special requirements for organisations wishing
to develop education and training programmes, such as minimum qualifications for tutors
and assessors, and special resource requirements.
Community Support Services ITO Limited
SSB Code 101814
 New Zealand Qualifications Authority 2016