Appendix 1. Relationships between behavioural traits and body mass
Table A1. Correlation statistics for the relationships of the 11 behavioural traits with body
mass.
behavioural trait and measure
exploration
number of explorations
total distance travelled during exploration
mobility_HR mean distance between 2 locations
mean distance to the barycentre
mobility_mvt mean distance between 2 locations
mean distance to the barycentre
index of path tortuosity
variability of side-side head movement
head activity
sequences
variability of up-down head movement
sequences
body temperature
stress
response
behavioural score
n
76
76
75
75
47
47
47
r²
0.04
0.02
0.13
0.14
0.05
0.11
0.01
F
2.81
1.39
10.57
11.95
2.25
5.86
0.62
df
74
74
73
73
45
45
45
p
0.09
0.24
0.002
< 0.001
0.14
0.02
0.43
70
0.01
0.82
68
0.37
70
0.002 0.16
68
0.69
49
51
0.08 3.88
0.003 0.13
47
49
0.05
0.72
Appendix 2. Relationships between behavioural traits and dispersal
propensity
(b)
1.0
_
0.8
_
0.4
0.2
_
_
1.0
_
_
0.6
_
Dispersal probability
Dispersal probability
(a)
_
_
0.0
_
_
30
40
_
0.8
_
0.6
0.4
_
_
_
_
0.2
0.0
0
1
2
3
4
5
Number of explorations
6
7
0
10
20
Total distance travelled during exploration (km)
Figure A1. Relationship between dispersal propensity and exploration, indexed either as the
total number of explorations performed by an individual prior to the dispersal period (a), or as
the total distance travelled during exploration (b), while controlling for variation in body mass
and including the effects of landscape sector (as a fixed factor, and with the open sector taken
as a reference) and year of monitoring (as a random factor) (n = 76). Dashed lines represent
the 95% confidence intervals around the predicted values and grey triangles represent the
observed probability of dispersing with its standard error.
(b)
(a)
_
0.8
0.6
_
0.4
_
_
_
_
_
_
0.2
_
0.0
-200
0.8
0.6
_
0.4
0
50 100
Mean distance between 2 locations (m)
_
_
_
_
_
0.2
0.0
-100
_
1.0
Dispersal probability
Dispersal probability
1.0
_
-2.0
-1.0
0.0 0.5
1.0
Log (Mean distance to the barycentre (m))
Figure A2. Relationship between dispersal propensity and mobility at the home range scale,
indexed as either the mean distance between successive locations (a), or as the mean distance
to the barycentre (b), while controlling for variation in body mass and including the effects of
landscape sector (as a fixed factor, and with the open sector taken as a reference) and year of
monitoring (as a random factor) (n = 76). Dashed lines represent the 95% confidence intervals
around the predicted values and and grey triangles represent the observed probability of
dispersing with its standard error.
Dispersal probability
1.0
_
0.6
_
0.4
_
_
0.2
_
0.0
6
_
8
_
0.8
_
10
12
14
0.4
_
0.2
_
Log (Mean distance to barycentre (m))
0.6
20
_
40
50
_
30
60
(c)
_
_
_
_
_
0.4
_
0.2
0.0
_
_
_
1.9
70
Mean distance between 2locations (m)
_
0.8
_
_
10
1.0
_
0.6
0.0
Dispersal probability
Dispersal probability
0.8
(b)
(a)
_
1.0
2.0
2.1
2.2
Index of path tortuosity
Figure A3. Relationship between dispersal propensity and mobility at the movement scale,
indexed as the mean distance to the barycentre (a), as the mean distance between successive
locations (b), or as the index of path tortuosity (c), while controlling for variation in body
mass and including the effects of landscape sector (as a fixed factor, and with the open sector
taken as a reference) and year of monitoring (as a random factor) (n = 47). Dashed lines
represent the 95% confidence intervals around the predicted values and and grey triangles
represent the observed probability of dispersing with its standard error.
(b)
(a)
1.0
_
_
0.8
0.6
_
_
_
_
0.4
0.2
Dispersal probability
Dispersal probability
1.0
_
_
_
_
0.0
_
0.8
0.6
_
0.4
0.2
0.75
0.85
0.95
side-to-side head movement sequences
_
_
_
_
_
0.0
0.65
_
_
0.75
0.80
0.85
0.90
up-down head movement sequences
Figure A4. Relationship between dispersal propensity and variation in head activity, indexed
as variability on the horizontal axis of the activity sensor (a), or as variability on the vertical
axis of the activity sensor (b), while controlling for variation in body mass and including the
effects of landscape sector (as a fixed factor, and with the open sector taken as a reference)
and year of monitoring (as a random factor) (n = 70). Dashed lines represent the 95%
confidence intervals around the predicted values and and grey triangles represent the observed
probability of dispersing with its standard error.
(a)
_
_
_
0.8
0.6
_
_
_
_
0.4
_
_
0.2
_
0.0
(b)
1.0
Dispersal probability
Dispersal probability
1.0
0.8
_
0.6
_
_
_
_
0.4
0.2
_
_
0.0
37.0
38.0
39.0
Body temperature °C
40.0
_
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
_
0.8
1.0
Score at capture
Figure A5. Relationship between dispersal propensity and the stress response to the capture
event, indexed as either body temperature (a), or as the behavioural score at capture (b), while
controlling for variation in body mass and including the effects of landscape sector (as a fixed
factor, and with the open sector taken as a reference) and year of monitoring (as a random
factor) (n = 49 and 51, respectively). Dashed lines represent the 95% confidence intervals
around the predicted values and and grey triangles represent the observed probability of
dispersing with its standard error.