USAS: UCREL Semantic Analysis System
USAS: UCREL Semantic Analysis System
This document contains the basic USAS semantic tagset. Further documentation about
the USAS tags can be found at http://ucrel.lancs.ac.uk/usas/
A1
A1.1.1
A1.1.1A1.1.2
A1.1.2A1.2
A1.2+
A1.2A1.3
A1.3+
A1.3A1.4
A1.4+
A1.4A1.5
A1.5.1
A1.5.1+
A1.5.1A1.5.2
A1.5.2+
A1.5.2A1.6
A1.7+
A1.7A1.8+
A1.8A1.9
A1.9A2
A2.1
A2.1+
A2.1A2.2
A2.2+
A2.2A3
A3+
A3A4
A4.1
A4.1A4.2
A4.2+
A4.2A5
A5.1
A5.1+
A5.1-
General And Abstract Terms
General actions / making
Inaction
Damaging and destroying
Fixing and mending
Suitability
Suitable
Unsuitable
Caution
Cautious
No caution
Chance, luck
Lucky
Unlucky
Use
Using
Used
Unused
Usefulness
Useful
Useless
Concrete/Abstract
Constraint
No constraint
Inclusion
Exclusion
Avoiding
Unavoidable
Affect
Modify, change
Change
No change
Cause&Effect/Connection
Cause/Effect/Connected
Unconnected
Being
Existing
Non-existing
Classification
Generally kinds, groups, examples
Unclassified
Particular/general; detail
Detailed
General
Evaluation
Evaluation: Good/bad
Evaluation: Good
Evaluation: Bad
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USAS: UCREL Semantic Analysis System
A5.2
A5.2+
A5.2A5.3
A5.3+
A5.3A5.4
A5.4+
A5.4A6
A6.1
A6.1+
A6.1A6.2
A6.2+
A6.2A6.3
A6.3+
A6.3A7
A7+
A7A8
A9
A9+
A9A10
A10+
A10A11
A11.1
A11.1+
A11.1A11.2
A11.2+
A11.2A12
A12+
A12A13
A13.1
A13.2
A13.3
A13.4
A13.5
A13.6
A13.7
A14
A15
A15+
A15B1
B2
B2+
Evaluation: True/false
Evaluation: True
Evaluation: False
Evaluation: Accuracy
Evaluation: Accurate
Evaluation: Inaccurate
Evaluation: Authenticity
Evaluation: Authentic
Evaluation: Unauthentic
Comparing
Comparing: Similar/different
Comparing: Similar
Comparing: Different
Comparing: Usual/unusual
Comparing: Usual
Comparing: Unusual
Comparing: Variety
Comparing: Varied
Comparing: Unvaried
Probability
Likely
Unlikely
Seem
Getting and giving; possession
Getting and possession
Giving
Open/closed; Hiding/Hidden; Finding; Showing
Open; Finding; Showing
Closed; Hiding/Hidden
Importance
Importance
Important
Unimportant
Noticeability
Noticeable
Unnoticeable
Easy/difficult
Easy
Difficult
Degree
Degree: Non-specific
Degree: Maximizers
Degree: Boosters
Degree: Approximators
Degree: Compromisers
Degree: Diminishers
Degree: Minimizers
Exclusivizers/particularizers
Safety/Danger
Safe
Danger
Anatomy and physiology
Health and disease
Healthy
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USAS: UCREL Semantic Analysis System
B2B3
B3B4
B4+
B4B5
B5C1
E1
E1+
E1E2
E2+
E2E3
E3+
E3E4
E4.1
E4.1+
E4.1E4.2
E4.2+
E4.2E5
E5+
E5E6
E6+
E6F1
F1+
F1F2
F2+
F2F3
F3+
F3F4
F4G1
G1.1
G1.1G1.2
G1.2G2
G2.1
G2.1+
G2.1G2.2
G2.2+
G2.2-
Disease
Medicines and medical treatment
Without medical treatment
Cleaning and personal care
Clean
Dirty
Clothes and personal belongings
Without clothes
Arts and crafts
Emotional Actions, States And Processes General
Emotional
Unemotional
Liking
Like
Dislike
Calm/Violent/Angry
Calm
Violent/Angry
Happiness and Contentment
Happy/sad
Happy
Sad
Contentment
Content
Discontent
Bravery and Fear
Bravery
Fear/shock
Worry and confidence
Confident
Worry
Food
Abundance of food
Lack of food
Drinks and alcohol
Excessive drinking
Not drinking
Smoking and non-medical drugs
Smoking and drugs abuse
Non-smoking / no use of drugs
Farming & Horticulture
Uncultivated
Government and Politics
Government
Non-governmental
Politics
Non-political
Crime, law and order
Law and order
Lawful
Crime
General ethics
Ethical
Unethical
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USAS: UCREL Semantic Analysis System
G3
G3H1
H2
H3
H4
H4H5
H5I1
I1.1
I1.1+
I1.1I1.2
I1.2+
I1.2I1.3
I1.3+
I1.3I2
I2.1
I2.1I2.2
I3
I3.1
I3.1I3.2
I3.2+
I3.2I4
I4K1
K2
K3
K4
K5
K5.1
K5.2
K6
L1
L1+
L1L2
L2L3
L3M1
M2
M3
M4
M4M5
M6
M7
Warfare, defence and the army; weapons
Anti-war
Architecture, houses and buildings
Parts of buildings
Areas around or near houses
Residence
Non-resident
Furniture and household fittings
Unfurnished
Money generally
Money and pay
Money: Affluence
Money: Lack
Money: Debts
Spending and money loss
Debt-free
Money: Cost and price
Expensive
Cheap
Business
Business: Generally
Non-commercial
Business: Selling
Work and employment
Work and employment: Generally
Unemployed
Work and employment: Professionalism
Professional
Unprofessional
Industry
No industry
Entertainment generally
Music and related activities
Recorded sound
Drama, the theatre and show business
Sports and games generally
Sports
Games
Children’s games and toys
Life and living things
Alive
Dead
Living creatures: animals, birds, etc.
No living creatures
Plants
No plants
Moving, coming and going
Putting, pulling, pushing, transporting
Vehicles and transport on land
Sailing, swimming, etc.
Non-swimming
Flying and aircraft
Location and direction
Places
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USAS: UCREL Semantic Analysis System
M8
N1
N2
N3
N3.1
N3.2
N3.2+
N3.2N3.3
N3.3+
N3.3N3.4
N3.4+
N3.4N3.5
N3.5+
N3.5N3.6
N3.6+
N3.7
N3.7+
N3.7N3.8
N3.8+
N3.8N4
N4N5
N5+
N5N5.1
N5.1+
N5.1N5.2
N5.2+
N6
N6+
N6O1
O1.1
O1.2
O1.2O1.3
O1.3O2
O3
O4
O4.1
O4.2
O4.2+
O4.2O4.3
O4.4
O4.5
Stationary
Numbers
Mathematics
Measurement
Measurement: General
Measurement: Size
Size: Big
Size: Small
Measurement: Distance
Distance: Far
Distance: Near
Measurement: Volume
Volume: Inflated
Volume: Compressed
Measurement: Weight
Weight: Heavy
Weight: Light
Measurement: Area
Spacious
Measurement: Length & height
Long, tall and wide
Short and narrow
Measurement: Speed
Speed: Fast
Speed: Slow
Linear order
Nonlinear
Quantities
Quantities: many/much
Quantities: little
Entirety; maximum
Entire; maximum
Part
Exceeding
Exceed; waste
Frequency
Frequent
Infrequent
Substances and materials generally
Substances and materials: Solid
Substances and materials: Liquid
Dry
Substances and materials: Gas
Gasless
Objects generally
Electricity and electrical equipment
Physical attributes
General appearance and physical properties
Judgement of appearance
Judgement of appearance: Beautiful
Judgement of appearance: Ugly
Colour and colour patterns
Shape
Texture
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USAS: UCREL Semantic Analysis System
O4.6
O4.6+
O4.6P1
P1Q1
Q1.1
Q1.2
Q1.2Q1.3
Q2
Q2.1
Q2.1+
Q2.1Q2.2
Q2.2Q3
Q3Q4
Q4.1
Q4.2
Q4.3
S1
S1.1
S1.1.1
S1.1.2
S1.1.2+
S1.1.2S1.1.3
S1.1.3+
S1.1.3S1.1.4
S1.1.4+
S1.1.4S1.2
S1.2.1
S1.2.1+
S1.2.1S1.2.2
S1.2.2+
S1.2.2S1.2.3
S1.2.3+
S1.2.3S1.2.4
S1.2.4+
S1.2.4S1.2.5
S1.2.5+
S1.2.5S1.2.6
S1.2.6+
S1.2.6S2
Temperature
Temperature: Hot / on fire
Temperature: Cold
Education in general
Not educated
Linguistic Actions, States And Processes; Communication
Linguistic Actions, States And Processes; Communication
Paper documents and writing
Unwritten
Telecommunications
Speech
Speech: Communicative
Speech: Talkative
Speech: Not communicating
Speech acts
Speech acts: Not speaking
Language, speech and grammar
Non-verbal
The Media
The Media: Books
The Media: Newspapers etc.
The Media: TV, Radio and Cinema
Social Actions, States And Processes
Social Actions, States And Processes
Social Actions, States And Processes
Reciprocity
Reciprocal
Unilateral
Participation
Participating
Non-participating
Deserve
Deserving
Undeserving
Personality traits
Approachability and Friendliness
Informal/Friendly
Formal/Unfriendly
Avarice
Greedy
Generous
Egoism
Selfish
Unselfish
Politeness
Polite
Impolite
Toughness; strong/weak
Tough/strong
Weak
Common sense
Sensible
Foolish
People
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USAS: UCREL Semantic Analysis System
S2S2.1
S2.1S2.2
S3
S3.1
S3.1S3.2
S3.2+
S3.2S4
S4S5
S5+
S5S6
S6+
S6S7
S7.1
S7.1+
S7.1S7.2
S7.2+
S7.2S7.3
S7.3+
S7.3S7.4
S7.4+
S7.4S8
S8+
S8S9
S9T1
T1.1
T1.1.1
T1.1.2
T1.1.2T1.1.3
T1.2
T1.3
T1.3+
T1.3T2
T2+
T2T3
T3+
T3T4
T4+
No people
People: Female
Not feminine
People: Male
Relationship
Personal relationship: General
No personal relationship
Relationship: Intimacy and sex
Relationship: Sexual
Relationship: Asexual
Kin
No kin
Groups and affiliation
Belonging to a group
Not part of a group
Obligation and necessity
Strong obligation or necessity
No obligation or necessity
Power relationship
Power, organizing
In power
No power
Respect
Respected
No respect
Competition
Competitive
No competition
Permission
Allowed
Not allowed
Helping/hindering
Helping
Hindering
Religion and the supernatural
Non-religious
Time
Time: General
Time: Past
Time: Present; simultaneous
Time: Asynchronous
Time: Future
Time: Momentary
Time: Period
Time period: long
Time period: short
Time: Beginning and ending
Time: Beginning
Time: Ending
Time: Old, new and young; age
Time: Old; grown-up
Time: New and young
Time: Early/late
Time: Early
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USAS: UCREL Semantic Analysis System
T4W1
W2
W2W3
W4
W5
X1
X2
X2.1
X2.1X2.2
X2.2+
X2.2X2.3
X2.3+
X2.4
X2.4+
X2.4X2.5
X2.5+
X2.5X2.6
X2.6+
X2.6X3
X3.1
X3.1+
X3.1X3.2
X3.2+
X3.2X3.3
X3.4
X3.4+
X3.4X3.5
X3.5X4
X4.1
X4.1X4.2
X5
X5.1
X5.1+
X5.1X5.2
X5.2+
X5.2X6
X6+
X6X7
X7+
Time: Late
The universe
Light
Darkness
Geographical terms
Weather
Green issues
Psychological Actions, States And Processes
Mental actions and processes
Thought, belief
Without thinking
Knowledge
Knowledgeable
No knowledge
Learn
Learning
Investigate, examine, test, search
Double-check
Not examined
Understand
Understanding
Not understanding
Expect
Expected
Unexpected
Sensory
Sensory: Taste
Tasty
Not tasty
Sensory: Sound
Sound: Loud
Sound: Quiet
Sensory: Touch
Sensory: Sight
Seen
Unseen
Sensory: Smell
No smell
Mental object
Mental object: Conceptual object
Themeless
Mental object: Means, method
Attention
Attention
Attentive
Inattentive
Interest/boredom/excited/energetic
Interested/excited/energetic
Uninterested/bored/unenergetic
Deciding
Decided
Undecided
Wanting; planning; choosing
Wanted
8
USAS: UCREL Semantic Analysis System
X7X8
X8+
X8X9
X9.1
X9.1+
X9.1X9.2
X9.2+
X9.2Y1
Y1Y2
Y2Z0
Z1
Z2
Z3
Z4
Z5
Z6
Z7
Z7Z8
Z9
Z99
Unwanted
Trying
Trying hard
Not trying
Ability
Ability and intelligence
Able/intelligent
Inability/unintelligence
Success and failure
Success
Failure
Science and technology in general
Anti-scientific
Information technology and computing
Low-tech
Unmatched proper noun
Personal names
Geographical names
Other proper names
Discourse Bin
Grammatical bin
Negative
If
Unconditional
Pronouns
Trash can
Unmatched
9