CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS
SECTION 2107
BURIED PIPE INSTALLATION
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Part 1:
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A. Section Includes: Installation of buried pipe, including drinking water, sanitary sewer,
and storm sewer by open cut excavation, including excavation, jointing, embedment,
backfill, and installation of associated accessories and appurtenances.
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B. For installation by boring and drilling, reference Section 2108 – Bored Pipe
Installation.
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C. For installation by pipe bursting, reference Section 2109 – Pipe Bursting.
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Part 2:
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A. Materials:
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General
Products
1. Tracer wire:
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a) Solid strand 12 AWG copper.
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b) Direct bury rated.
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c) Blue insulation.
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2. Tracer wire splice: 3M DBY or Equal.
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3. Warning Tape:
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a) Non-detectable, polyethylene.
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b) Minimum width: 3 inches.
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c) Minimum thickness: 4 mils.
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d) Color: blue.
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e) Lettering: “CAUTION {WATER / SANITARY SEWER / STORM SEWER /
(other)} LINE BURIED BELOW”.
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4. Pipe Embedment:
a) Granular Embedment:
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1) ASTM C33, Size Number 8 (3/8-IN).
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2) Rigid Pipe Only: ASTM C33, Size Numbers 57 (1-IN) and 67 (3/4-IN).
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b) Flowable fill:
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1) ODOT Controlled Low Strength Material.
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2) 28-day compressive strength: 800 PSI maximum, 500 PSI minimum.
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c) Concrete embedment: ODOT Class C, 2,400 PSI, 28 day compressive
strength.
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5. Pipe and Fittings: Conforming to specifications for drinking water systems,
wastewater systems, storm water systems, etc., as applicable.
Draft for City Council and Public Review 5/16/2011
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Construction Standards - 2107 - Buried Pipe Installation
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Part 3:
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A. General:
Execution
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1. Reference Section 2101 – Site Safety, for site safety requirements, including
excavation safety, traffic control, and handling and disposal of hazardous
materials.
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2. Install all materials in accordance with manufacturer recommendations.
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B. Preparation:
1. Obtain all required permits and approval of all submittals, including plan for filling,
flushing, disinfection, and testing.
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2. Clear, grub, and otherwise prepare the site in accordance with Section 2100 Site Work and Section 2103 - Clearing and Grubbing.
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3. Handle and store all materials in accordance with the manufacturer’s
recommendations. Store all pipe on palettes or racks to prevent damage. Cover
pipe with an opaque material to protect the pipe from sunlight. Do not expose
gaskets to direct sunlight, heat, oil, or grease.
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4. Prior to installation, inspect all components, including working all moving parts
through their full range of motion, to verify that all components are in like new
condition and working order.
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5. Use full pipe joints wherever possible.
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6. Connection to structures: Pipe connecting to a structure shall be adequately
protected against damage or misalignment due to movement or differential
settlement. Measures shall include extra care to ensure proper compaction of
embedment just outside structures and a flexible watertight seal at the pipe/wall
penetration. When differential settlement is expected, such as when foundation
conditions are poor or new pipe is being connected to an existing structure,
flexible joints or couplings external to the structure shall be provided.
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C. Installation by Open Cut Trench:
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1. Excavate in accordance with Section 2105 – Earth Work.
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2. When pipe is installed in embankment fill, place embankment to an elevation
equivalent to the top of embedment prior to trench excavation.
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3. Excavate trenches with sufficient working room to properly place and consolidate
embedment materials. Maintain adequate space between the pipe and trench
wall to allow operation of consolidation equipment.
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4. Excavation in advance of construction: Do not open more trench in advance of
pipe laying than necessary. No more than 300 linear feet of open trench shall be
allowed per individual pipe laying operation in progress.
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5. Excavated material:
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a) Do not obstruct streets, walks or driveways with stockpiled material.
Draft for City Council and Public Review 5/16/2011
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Construction Standards - 2107 - Buried Pipe Installation
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b) Remove from the site and legally dispose of all excess excavated material.
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6. Keep appropriate compaction equipment on site during all excavation and backfill
activities.
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7. Dewater excavations and keep dewatered in accordance with Section 2111 –
Site and Excavation Dewatering.
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8. Unstable subgrade: Replace unstable subgrade or other unsuitable materials in
accordance with Section 2104 – Earth Work (references ODOT Section 202 –
Earthwork).
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9. Ensure that sufficient room is excavated to accommodate pipe bells and restraint
adapters.
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10. Compact the bottom of the trench. Ensure that no loose material remains on the
bottom or sides of the excavation.
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11. Place and consolidate a layer of embedment material on the trench bottom
before placing pipe. Consolidate the embedment material with a vibrating plate
compactor or concrete vibrator.
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12. Lower pipe into trenches by hand or mechanical means. Do not drop pipe! Use
slings to carry pipe by mechanical means. Use hooks, chains, or cables only if
the manufacturer specifically recommends them as an acceptable means of
transport on site. Take special care when handling PVC during cold weather.
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13. Field cut pipe perpendicular to flow line. Bevel field cut pipe to remove any sharp
or rough edges which might otherwise damage the gasket. Use a tool specifically
designed for beveling; do not hand bevel. Mark field cut pipe with an insertion
line.
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14. Prior to backfill, use laser and other electronic equipment to verify that all pipe is
installed to the proposed alignments and depths.
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15. Jointing:
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a) Clear some embedment material for the bell to ensure that the pipe is not
supported by the bell. Place the pipe on the embedment material. Ensure
that the pipe is resting on embedment material and not the trench bottom.
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b) Inspect and clean gaskets, bells, spigots, and groove area to identify damage
and remove any foreign material prior to assembling.
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c) Lubricate the gasket if recommended by the manufacturer.
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d) Align the spigot and bell and insert the spigot into the bell until it contacts the
gasket uniformly. Apply steady pressure by hand, bar and block assembly or
by mechanical assistance until the spigot easily slips into/through the gasket.
Do not insert the pipe by swinging the spigot into the bell or hammering the
pipe. Insert the spigot to the insertion line marked on the pipe.
Draft for City Council and Public Review 5/16/2011
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Construction Standards - 2107 - Buried Pipe Installation
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e) Keep the joint straight while pushing. When joint deflection is allowed, deflect
pipe after insertion. Do not exceed 80% of the manufacturer’s recommended
maximum joint deflection.
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f) Hold pipe in place with additional piles of embedment material. Verify that
pipe has been installed to the required lines and grades.
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g) Provide isolators between dissimilar metal pipe, fittings, valves, and
appurtenances.
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h) Joint restraint:
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1) Install restrained joints in strict accordance with the pipe manufacturer’s
recommendations. Pull on the pipe to engage restraint prior to
embedment.
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2) When split ring restraint devices are used on pipe bells, ensure that the
split ring bears against the back of the pipe bell.
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3) Once a tooth type adapter has been tightened on iron pipe, do not install
again in the same location. Rotate the ring as necessary to ensure that the
teeth are engaging undamaged pipe material.
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4) Bend tie rods as necessary to clear bells and other obstructions. Do not
install cracked tie rods.
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16. Trim interior HDPE and FPVC butt fused joint beads for all applications other
than drinking water.
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17. Install tracer wire directly on top of the pipe. Terminate tracer wire at locations
described in the specifications specific to each pipe service type.
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18. Place and consolidate embedment material evenly on both sides of the pipe in
maximum 12 IN lifts. Consolidate the embedment material with a vibrating plate
compactor or concrete vibrator. Make a special effort to ensure that the pipe
haunches are well consolidated. Take special care to prevent damage to pipe
and polyethylene encasement when using consolidation equipment.
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19. If embedding with concrete or CLSM, place pipe in its proper position on
temporary supports of wood or brick blocks and wedges. Anchor pipe to prevent
flotation when the concrete is placed.
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20. Place warning tape and complete embedment.
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21. Backfill with Earth Fill in accordance with Section 2105 – Earth Work.
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22. Restore the site in accordance with Section 2107 – Restoration.
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END OF SECTION
Draft for City Council and Public Review 5/16/2011
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