GEOLOGY AND MINERAL RESOURCES OF UDAIPUR DISTRICT
Udaipur district falls in southern part of Rajasthan between latitudes 23°45'00" to
25°05'30" and longitudes 73º00’00” to 74°33'18". Udaipur remained the capital of earstwhile
Mewar State and best known for the bravery of Maharana Pratap.
The mining activity in the district is known since 14th century when the mining and
smelting of lead and zinc was started in Zawar area.
The district is endowed with metallic as well as non metallic mineral wealth, the
important are lead-zinc, copper, rock phosphate, soapstone, limestone, barytes,
marble etc. In the field of gemstones, the district has shown potential for emerald. It is the
leading producer of rock phosphate in the country. Among other minerals like lead-zinc,
soapstone, green and pink marble, it has an important place. In the state, Udaipur district holds Ist
position as far as the sale value of mineral production is concerned and is the IInd mineral revenue
earning district.
Geologically, Udaipur district is comprised basement rocks of Mangalwar Complex of
Bhilwara Supergroup, followed by Aravalli Supergroup, post-Aravalli intrusives, Delhi
Supergroup of rocks, post-Delhi intrusives and Recent alluvium.
The stratigraphic succession of the rocks occuring in Udaipur district is given below:
Recent
Alluvium, Tuffa etc.
Intrusives
Kumbhalgarh Group
Erinpura granite and gneisses.
Calc-gneisses, calc-Schist, marble,
Schist, migmatites,gneisses,
quartzites etc
Delhi Supergroup
Gogunda Group
Quartzites, interbedded schist with
subordinate impure calcareous
metasediments.
Intrusives
.
Synorogenic granite & gneisses, Rikhabdev
ultramafic suite.
Jharol Group
Phyllite,chlorite -schist, arnet-mica schist,
calc- schist with marble etc.
Nathdwara Group
Phyllite, calcareous phyllite, intercalatry bands
of dolomite / calcitic marble.
Aravalli Supergroup
Bari Lake Group
Meta volcanics, conglomerate, arkose,
quartzite, phyllite, schist, dolomite etc.
Udaipur Group
Phyllite, graywacke, mica-schist, quartzite,
limestone and dolomite
Debari Group
Conglomerates, arkose, quartzite, phyllite,
dolomite,
limestone,
chert
&
carbonaceous
phyllites.
Undifferentiated granites, basic sills/ dykes.
Pre- Aravallis
Intrusives
Unthala - Gingla granites.
Mangalwar Complex
Lasaria & Sarada Migmatites,
composite gneisses, mica schist, etc .
It is the Aravalli Supergroup of rocks which hosts some of the best mineral belts being
worked in the district, the important are Jhamarkotra rock phosphate, Daroli limestone, pink
marble of Babarmal, Zawar Lead-Zinc deposits etc. PostAravalli rocks, mainly ultrabasics, are
the source of green marble and host rocks for soapstone deposits. The mineral resources of
Udaipur district are described as below:
A. METALLIC MINERALS:
The district contains both non-ferrous (basemetals) as well as ferrous mineral deposits. These are
Pb-Zn deposits of Zawar, Copper deposits of Anjani, Bedawal, Umra and iron deposit of Nathara
Ki Pal.
1. Copper ore
Anjani deposit: It is located about 70 kms. southeast of Udaipur in Dhariawad tehsil. Copper
mineralisation extends over a strike length of 1.6 kms. and has been proved up to 120 m.
vertical depth. The area has been divided into two blocks i.e. north and south. In north block,
0.99 million tonne reserves with 1.09% Cu and in south block 0.473 million tonne reserves
with 1.01% copper, have been proved. It also contains 20-60 ppm silver.
2. Lead-Zinc ore
Zawar Lead-Zinc deposit: Before discovery of Agucha deposit, Zawar remained the
important source of lead-zinc ore in the country. It is located about 40 km. south of Udaipur
city. Zawar is also a Railway Station on the Udaipur City-Ahmedabad meter gauge section of
the Western Railway. These deposits are believed to have been worked during the 14th
century. The area was held under the mining lease by M/s Metal Corporation of India till 1965,
after that the mines were nationalised by the Government of India and the Hindustan Zinc
Limited, a Government of India undertaking, was set-up.
The Zawar lead-zinc belt extends from Hameta-Magra in north to Prasad in south, for a
distance of 20 km. Mineralisation occurs in siliceous dolomite of Aravalli Supergroup and it
extends for 16 km. from south to north and then swings towards east. This belt has been
divided into 5 blocks namely, Prasad, Bara, Paduna, Zawar and Hameta Magra; of these the
Zawar and Hameta Magra have been investigated in detail.
The hills of Mochia Magra, Balaria, Zawarmala, Bowa and Baroi are included in the
Zawr area. The Mochia Magara including Sunaria and Ruparia hills on the west, extends eastwest over a strike length of 4.6 km. The width of mineralised zone in this part varies from 3 to
60 m. The primary ore minerals are sphalerite, galena and some pyrite containing recoverable
amount of cadmium and silver. The average metal content is 3.7% zinc and 1.8% lead.
The Balaria hill is the eastern extension of Mochia Magara beyond the Tidi river. The
mineralised zone extends for about 2 Km. and its width is upto 15 m. The ore contains about
8% zinc and 6% lead in certain portions of the lode.
In the Zawarmala hill, indications of mineralisation are seen over a length of 5 km.
Drilling has indicated a thick ore body in the northern portion.
Mineralisation also occurs over 1.6 Km. length in the Baroi Magara, parallel to
Zawarmala and in Bowa Magra. 1 Km. south of Mochia Magara. Production is coming from
Mochia, Balaria, Baroi & Zawarmala mines.
A small lead-zinc ore body, containing 4% zinc and 2% lead exists in the Hameta
Magara block. Its depth persistence has been ascertained upto 280 m. The ore extracted from
the Zawar area is treated in two ore dressing mills situated at Zawar and metal is recovered at
Zinc Smelter, Debari on Udaipur-Chittaurgath road and Super smelter at Chanderia.
3. Iron ore
Nathara Ki Pal: This deposit is situated near village Nathara Ki Pal in Sarada tehsil and lies 57
km. southeast of Udaipur. Investigations carried out by the state Department of Mines &
Geology has revealed that iron ore extends over a strike length of about 800 m. with approximate
width of 30 m. It persists up to 130 m. depth. A reserve of 11 million tonnes with 48 to 62% Fe,
has been estimated.
B. NON-METALLIC MINERALS:
Udaipur district possesses various industrial mineral deposits viz. rock phosphate,
soapstone, asbestos, barytes etc. and decorative stones like green and pink marble. In rock
phosphate and soapstone, it is the leading producer in the country. In marble, asbestos and
barytes, it has a handsome share in Rajasthan's production.
1. Asbestos
Asbestos bearing areas in Udaipur can be put in two groups i.e. Rikhababdeo and Jharol.
Rikhabdeo Area: The Chrysotile variety of asbestos is known to occur around villages
Kagdar-Ki-Pal, Rikhabdeo, Serro-Ki-Pal and near by areas in the form of cross fibre veins
forming ribbons or irregular stock-works. The length of fibre varies from 1 mm. to 12 mm.
Recovery percentage is quite low and commercial production is negligible.
In south of Rikhabdeo, occurrences of tremolite asbestos have been reported near villages
Dhelana, Odwas, Saru, Bhana, Khanmin, Kalighati etc. The asbestos is associated with talc and
hence, commercial exploitation is not possible.
Jharol Area: The deposit is located 16 km. west of Jharol. It extends for about 20 km. in strike
length and 3 km. in width, starting from Banli and Kirat villages in south and around JhanjharKi-Pal, Parri through Amari Bara, Solar Amberi, Uprera and extends up to Malmukhi village in
north. The mineralisation of anthophyllite variety of asbestos is found in altered ultrabasic rocks
as detached lenticular masses. The asbestos fibres occur in form of stock-work or in mass fibre
form which ranges from 2 m. to 25 m in length. The quality of asbestos in general is poor.
2. Barytes
Relpataliya deposit: It is the biggest barytes deposit in the state. The deopsit is located near
village Relpataliya in Girwa tehsil and lies 7 km. north-west of Jagat. The barytes occurs as a
long band in granitized gneisses and schist, flanked by metabasites on both hanging and footwall
sides. The barytes bearing zones could be traced over a strike length of about 2.5 km. The main
barytes band starts about 1.4 km. south of Relpataliya village and continues in north east for a
strike length of about 200 m., making total of 1.6 km. length. Besides this main zone, there are
two more bands of barytes which also follow the general trend of barytes mineralisation. These
veins have strike length varying from 150 m. to a maximum of 450 m. It contains 78-94% BaSO4
and its sp.gr. varies from 3.85 to 4.55.
The barytes occurs chiefly in two modes, massive and vein/veinlets. Both types of the
mineralisation occurs are found together in the host rocks forming a mixed zone of barytes and
country rocks. The width of barytes zone, in general, varies from 0.5 m. to about 5 m.,
exceptionally reaching to 8 m. At most of the places, the barytes is massive in nature and
medium to coarse grained. White, off white and pink coloured barytes has been found in the
area. The area is under mining lease with M/s Rajasthan Barytes.
Babarmal : Barytes mineralisation is found over a strike length of about 6.5 km. in the form of
disconnected thin lenses. It is associated with quartz veins intruded in the granite gneisses. The
thickness of the barytes veins varies from 10 cm. to 40 cm.
Besides above deposits, small veins ofbaryte also occur near Tikhi, Chanda and Kharwa
villages.
3. Calcite
Rabach deposit: The area is situated near village Rabach in Gogunda tehsil. It is located about
73 km. north-west of Udaipur. The area contains a rich deposit of calcite. Calcite is found in the
form of thin to moderately thick veins of variable length and width and in mixed zone where the
calcite is found associated with decomposed limestone. Four calcite veins and five mixed zones
of calcite are exposed in the area. It is white in colour, flaky as well as crystalline and brittle in
nature. Geological investigations carried out have revealed that 4,03,795 tonnes of calcite
reserves are available from this deposit.
4. China clay
Kharbariyon-Ka-Guda: This deposits is located 7 km. ESE of Udatpur. The thickness of the
clay band is more than 17 m. The inferred reserves are of the order of 3.99 million tonnes.
5. Feldspar
Feldspar is found in the mica bearing area of Udaipur district. The mineral is mostly soda
feldspar which contains 13 to 18%Na20. It is found near Saidam area, Malva-ka-choraha and
Bekariya in Kotra tehsil and Suratpura in Vallabhnagar tehsil.
6. Fluorite
Fluorite occurrences were located near Jhalara which lies about 10 km. south of Salumber
and Kala Magra, Paira, Manli, Gamera, Kaliana, Sagot, Bhabrana, Matasula and Bhimroda in
Salumber tehsil.
Fluorite mineralisation occurs in quartzite, aplite and porphyroblastic gneisses as cavity
fillings and also as disseminations along joints and fractures.
A reserves of 0.168 million tonnes containing 17.18% CaF2 has been estimated by the
state department in Kala Magra and Jhalara areas.
7. Limestone
In Udaipur district there are four major bands of limestone near Daroli, Manderia,
Palana- Thamla, Sandmaria and Semad-Sanchli. The limestone in Daroli area is of Raialo Group
while that in Sandmaria area, it belongs to Kumbhalgarh Group of Delhi Supergroup. The
limestone in part of Palana-Thamla area falls in Rajsamand district. Details of individual belt is
given below-
1. Limestone Deposit near Daroli-Manderia & Kheri: The deposit is located 26 kms east of
Udaipur on Chittaurgarh road in Girwa & Vallabhnagar tehsils. It extends over 9 kms strike
length from Maharaja Ki-Khedi in north to Bechhiwara, Gurli in south through Daroli and
Manderia. The limestone bands form an outlier in banded gneissic complex and strikes N 1020ºW with 60° due east to vertical dips. It is white to buff white in colour, crystalline, banded
and medium to coarse grained in nature. The width of the deposit varies from 100 to 1500 m.,
maximum is seen in Manderia area. Major part of the area was held under mining lease by M/s
Udaipur Cement Works to meet out the limestone requirement of their cement plant located at
Dabok. The entire plant and area has now been transferred to M/s J.K. Udaipur Udyog Limited.
In Daroli area 52.50 million tonne reserves of cement grade limestone have been estimated by
the department. Besides, 40 million tonne resereves have been inferred in Manderia area. In the
entire belt 200 million tonne reserves have been inferred. The limestone takes good polish and
thus, it is also being used as marble. Several quarries near Bechhiwara, Hairo, Manderia and
Jaspura are in operation for marble. Area near Maharaj-ki-Khedi is also suitable for block mining
and thus, has been applied for marble leases.
2. Limestone Deposits near Palana- Thamla : Small discontinuous limestone outcrops in PreAravalli gneisses occur near Palana, Thamla, Mogana, Rathana, Mandop, Khema-Kera, Larwa
and Kali Magri falling in Mavli and Nathdwara tehsils, over a length of 15 to 20 kms. The
limestones is medium to coarse grained, hard, compact, off-white, buff in colour and at places
banded in nature. The general strike of the belt is N 15 to 80° E with 45° to vertical dips on
either sides. The nearest railway stations are Mogana (2 kms) and Bhimal (7 kms).
Department has carried out detailed investigations by drilling (8 boreholes totalling 316
m.) and estimated limestone reserves of the tune of 10.29 million tonnes and 6.37 million tonnes
under proved and probable categories, respectively. Further 10 million tonnes have been
estimated under inferred category. The CaO content varies from 45 to 53%, but the average is
around 48%, with low silica and magnesia. The limestone being of higher purity, finds its use as
sweetner in cement plant using low or marginal grade limestone as well as in chemical
industries. Almost entire area has been leased out.
3. Limestone deposit near Sandmaria, Bikarni-Khajuria : The limestone deposit of
Kumbhalgarh Group of Delhi Super group occurs near villages Kagwas, Sandmariya, Koliya,
Nayawas, Beran, Khajuria and Bikarni in Kotra tehsil. The deposit is located about 40 km. east
of Sarupganj railway station which lies on Delhi-Ahmedabad broad gauge line of the western
railway and about 125 km. WSW of Udaipur. The area is well connected by tar road from
Sarupganj. The limestone deposit extends for about 15 kms. in strike length, from south of
Bikarni in north east to Nanawas-Amboliya in south-west having 50 to 500 m. width. The
limestone occurs as discontinuous and parallel bands separated by schists and Erinpura granites.
It is fine to medium grained, hard, massive and greyish black in colour. It strikes NE-SW and
dips 50° towards NW 6 to 8 limestone bands are occurring in the area. Department has carried
out detailed investigations in the area by 369.50 m. drilling spread over 10 boreholes and proved
37.47 million tonne reserves of drill indicated category and 96.51 million tonnes of inferred
category.
4. Limestone deposit near Semad-Sanchli : The limestone deposit near Piprana, Padrada,
Semad and Sanchli in Gogunda tehsil has been investigated by the department by putting 8
boreholes tatalling 411 m. drilling. The area is approachable by Udaipur Ranakpur tar road. The
nearest railway station Falna, is about 45 kms. from the deposit. Discontinuous bands of
limestone of Kumbhalgarh Group of Delhi Supergroup trending N 30ºE - S 30ºW and dipping at
70-80° due SE, occur for a strike length of about 2 to 3 kms. The average width of the individual
bands is about 50 m. The limestone is off-white to white in colour, medium to coarse grained,
hard, compact, crystalline and mostly micaceous in nature. It contains 42 to 50% CaO, 6 to 10%
Si02 and 1 to 3% MgO. About 6 milliion tonne reserves have been estimated in this area. It can
be used in cement making provided mica can be separated from it by suitable process. At places
big sized blocks can be mined out, which can be used as marble.
8. Magnesite
This deposit is located 50 km. south of Udaipur near Parsad village. Two bands of magnesite
having 200 and 400 m. strike length and 20 to 60 m. varying width have been established in this
area. It contains, on an average, 41.91 % MgO and 1 to 5% Si02. State department has proved
reserves of 2 million tonnes upto a depth of 50 m. The beneficiation studies carried out by the
department and Dalima Magnesite Corporation, Salem (T.N.), have revealed that 75% recovery
of industrial grade magnesite can be made from this low grade magnesite.
9. Marble
Marble deposits in Udaipur district are known since hundreds of years when palaces and
embakments in and around Udaipur were built with local marble.
There are three main belts of marble in Udaipur district iz. Babarmal-Devimata, JaspuraDaroli and Rikhabdeo. All these three belts produce different types of marbles i.e., pink from
Babarmal-Devimata, white,adanga from Jaspura-Karoli and green from Rikhabdeo. Besides,
important occurances are also found in Salumber and Dhariawad tehsils.
Babarmal marble deposit: Pink marble of Aravalli Supergroup occurs near villages Devimata
and Babarmal. It is located about 25 kms. south of Udaipur. The marble band extends for a strike
length of 4.5 kms. with width varying from 30 to 350 m. The general strike is N-S. The marble is
siliceous, light pink to dark pink in colour, fine to medium grained with biotite and other basic
impurities in the form of thin bands and lenses. These impurities form grey to greeninsh coloured
bands which make it attractive. Marble is hard, compact and joints are sparse which facilitate
extraction of blocks up to 2.5 x 1.5 x 1.5 m. size. Almost whole of the area has been covered
under mining. A part of the belt in northen side, falls in Army Firing Range.
Rikhabdeo Green marble deposit : Green marble is the trade name of serpentine marble. In the
past, the only known occurences of this rock were in Baroda (Gujrat), from where it was mined
and marketed under the trade name of "Green Marble". After the discovery of green marble in
Udaipur and Dungarpur districts of Rajasthan, it become very poular.
Serpentinites are the altered ultramafics which have intruded the deep water fades of
Aravalli Supergroup. Geographically these rocks are exposed intermittently or continuously over
long stretches, from north of Gogunda to south of Kherwara (continuing in Dungarpur distt.)
upto Idar in Gujarat, through Parsad, Jhadol, Rikhabdeo etc.
The rock is light to dark bottle green in colour, fine grained with cris-cross view of
calcite and magnetite. It is extremely hard and is not suitable for manual carving, but it can
mechanically be carved into lamps, pillers, jhalis, fountains etc.
Large size blocks upto 3 x 1.5 x 1.5 m size are excavated. The important locations of
green marble mines are Dhelana, Khanmin, Bilkhai, Bhadawa, Pipaldara, Saru, Ugmana Kotra
etc.
Another green marble belt is located from Sultanji Ka Kherwada in Jhadol tehsil to
Bhutala in Gogunda tehsil. Green marble leases are existing near villages Modi, Bhutala,
Chhippala, Undithal, Sultanji Ka Kherwada, Kalighati, Kankan Ka Guda etc. A total of 479000
tonnes of green marble was prduced during the year 1999-2000 in Udaipur district.
Jaspura-Daroli marble deposit: Greyish-White coloured, medium grained, crystalline
limestone occurring near Jaspura, Daroli villages in 25 km. east of Udaipur on UdaipurChittaurgarh highway, is being mined as adanga marble having various patterns and shades.
Besides, marble in Udaipur district is also being mined in small amounts near Bamniya,
Baroda (Salumber tehsil), Manpur, Lohagarh (Dhariawad tehsil) etc.
10. Rock Phosphate
(i) Jhamarkotra deposit: It is the largest and high grade phosphorite depsit located about 24
km. SE of Udaipur. The nearest railway station Kharwa-Chanda, is about 10 km. from the
deposit and lies on Udaipur city-Ahmedabad meter gauge section of the western railway.
However, Umra is the convenient railway station. The rock-phosphate is found associated with
metasedimentary rocks of Aravalli Supergroup (Precambrian age). It is of algal origin occurring
in between siliceous, ferruginous and cherty dolomitic limestone lying over basal gritty quartzite
which uncomformably rest over the Banded Gneissic Complex of pre-Aravalli age. The deposit
extends over a strike length of 16 km. in horse shoe shape with average thickness of 15 m.
Detailed prospecting was carried out by the state department of Mines & Geology, which
has located this deposit. A reserve of 77.0 million tonnes of rockphosphate has been proved on
the basis of 60,000 m. drilling in 500 boreholes. Out of these, 17 million tonnes is of +30% P2O5
content and rest has 12 to 30% P2O5. Presently, M/s Rajasthan State Mines & Minerals Limited,
a state Government undertaking, is working mining in part of the area, and has installed a 2000
TPD capacity beneficiation plant to up grade the low grade phosphorite having 16-17% P2O5.to
high grade containing 34% P2O5.
(ii) Matoon deposit: It is located 15 km. south-east of Udaipur City. The rock formations belong
to Aravalli Supergroup and are represented by dolomitic marble, calcareous grits, chert,
brecciated quartize and phyllite. A 3.5 km. long and 1 to 25 m. thick phosphorite band showing
pinching and swelling nature , is occuring in cherty quartizite. Based on 25 boreholes with 2250
m. drilling, about 9.2 million tonnes reserves of rock phosphate have been estimated. This
deposit is being exploited by M/s Hindustan Zinc Limited.
(iii) Kanpur deposit: It is located 8 km. east of Udaipur-Jhamarkotra road. The rock formations
in the area belong to the Aravalli Supergroup which are intruded at places by post-Aravalli
granites.
The phosphorite band has a strike length of about 600 m. and its thickness varies from 4
to 6 m. Complex folding is responisible for the repetition of phophorite horizons. The host rock
for rock-phosphate mineralization is light to bluish grey, compact limestone or calcareous rocks.
The indicated reserves have been put at 3.0 million tonnes having 12-30% P2O5. content. The
deposit is being worked by M/ s R.S.M.D.C. Ltd.
(iv) Dakan Kotra : The phosphorite deposit is located about 12 km. SSE of Udaipur. The rock
formations are similar to those found at Kanpur. The rock phosphate occurs within dark grey and
bluish limestone and cherty quartzite. Estimated reserves of rock phosphate in this area are 1.4
million tonnes having 12 to 20% P2O5. content. This deposit is also being worked by M/ s
R.S.M.D.C. Ltd.
(v) Kharbaria Ka Guda : It is situated 1 km. west of Kanpur deposit. The rock phosphate
occurs as 1-5 m. thick discontinuous bands over a length of 1.5 km. In the northern part rockphosphate occurs at the contact of phyllite and quartzite while in the southern part, it is
associated with yellow, brown, cherty coloured and brecciated quartzite. The cumulative length
of phosphorite horizon is about 300 m. 0.5 million tonnes of phosphorite containg 22-25%
P2O5.have been estimated in this deposit.
(vi) Sisarma prospect: It is located 10 km. south-west of Udaipur and extends over a length of
about 2 km. The phosphorite is associated with cherty dolomite and siliceous limestone of
Aravalli Supergroup having a width of 7 to 20 m. The prospect is investigated by the department.
20 channels were cut across the mineralised zone, Besides, 11 bore holes with an aggregate
drilling of 492.86 m. have been drilled in the area. About 0.84 million tonnes of rock-phosphate
reserves with 5 to 10% P2O5. have been estimated up to 50 m. depth.
(vii) Neemach Mata prospect: It is located in Kataria hill about 3 km. north-west of Udaipur.
The rock formations are phyllite, shale, dolomite and siliceous limestone of Aravalli Supergroup.
The phosphorite occurs in the form of small bands and lenses within 0.75 sq. km. area. On the
basis of 32 boreholes with an aggregate drilling of 1250.45 m., reserves of 0.11 million tonnes
containing 10% P2O5. and 0.22 million tonnes with 5-10% P2O5, have been estimated in this area.
(viii) Badgaon deposit: The rock-phosphate deposit is located about 6 km. north of Udaipur on
way to Gogunda. The area comprises phyllite, dolomite, siliceous limestones and quartzite of
Aravalli Supergroup. Isolated patches and lenses of rockphophate having 3 to 22 m. width, are
occuring within limestone. On the basis of 704.85 m. drilling spread over 23 boreholes, 3,47,405
tonne reserves of rockphosphate containing 3 to 23% P2O5. have been estimated in this area.
In addition to the above, small ocurrences / incidences of phophorite were also located
near Amberi (10 km. from Udaipur on Udaipur-Rajsamnd road), Berwas (8 km. from Udaipur on
Udaipur Chittaurgarh road) and Undari (16 km. from Udaipur on Udaipur-Jhadol road).
(ix) Apatite deposit: The deposit is located near Niwania and Kikawas villages about 60 km.
east of Udaipur. Apatite occurs as thin veins and stringers, crisscrosing a large mass of
crystalline limestone of Aravalli Supergroup over about 1.5 sq. km. area. Based on geological
investigations by 915.52 m. drilling spread over 28 boreholes, 30,000 and 500 tonnes of apatite
containing 32-35% P2O5. have been estimated in Kikawas and Niwania areas, respectively.
Besides, one million tonne of low grade apatite containg 6 to 9% P2O5. has been assesed in
Kikawas area.
11. Soapstone
Rajasthan, contributes about 80% share in soapstones production of the country. Major
production of soapstone comes from Udaipur, Dungarpur, Bhilwara, Dausa and Banswara
districts. Out of these, about 50% state's production comes from Udaipur district where it is
associated with ultrabasics and dolomites. In this district soapstone occurs in 6 major belts.
These are :
(i)
Orda-Deopura-Dingri-Nathara-Ki-Pal belt: This belt lies about 40 km. SE of Udaipur
and runs from Orda-Deopura in north to Nathara-ki-Pal in south over a strike length of 12 kms.
Soapstone is associated with talcose schist and dolomitic limestone of Aravalli Supergroup. It is
found to occur in the form of clusters of small lenses and veins varying in length from 18 to 90
metres with 2 to 15 m. thickness. The soapstone is massive as well as foliated in nature, has
white to pale green colour and is DDT to paper grade.
As per grade assessment the deposit contains about 10 to 30% paper grade soapstone
where as about 70% is of DDT grade. The inferred soapstone reserves in the area are 0.50
million tonnes.
(ii) Salumber-Ven-Sanjela-Lohagarh-Padla- Deola belt: This is the most important belt which
runs from Salumber in north-west to Deola in south-east over a strike length of 40 km. The
soapstone mineralisation is confined to dolomitic limestone belonging to Aravalli Supergroup. It
occurs in the form of lenses and lenticular veins extending for 100 to 400 m. in length and 0.2 to
2.5 m. in width. The soapstone is generally of very good quality having light green to pure white
colour. Inferred reserves are 0.99 million tonnes. The important working deposits in this belt are
Deola-Uttam, Solaj, Deola-Jhakam, Lohagarh, Bharkundi, Padla, Ven, Khandel etc.
(iii) Undithal-Rathoron-Ka-Gurha-Bansra-Jharol belt : This belt extends from MordiBhutala in north through Undithal to Jharol in south-west over a strike length of 40 km. The
soapstone is associated with post-Aravalli ultrabasic intrusives. It occurs as swelling & pinching
irregular veins and lenses varying in length from 7 to 40 m. and in thickness from 0.5 to 8 m.
The inferred reserves are 0.536 million tonnes. The grade is mixed type i.e., it is 60-90% is of
low grade and 10-40% is of high grade. The important working deposits in this belt are JhanjharKi-Pal, Undithal, Banera, Magwas, Sultanji-Ka-Kherwara, Khakhad and Phuliya (Gogunda).
(iv) Rikhabdeo- Chiklan- Khojawara- Mundwara Chhani belt: This belt runs from
Rikhabdeo in northeast to Channi in south-west over a length of 35 km. The soapstone is
associated with post-Aravalli ultrabasic intrusives and occurs as irregular lenses and veins
varying in length from 30 to 100 m. and width from 1 to 3 m. It is pale green to greenish-white in
colour and normally massive in nature. The inferred reserves are 0.570 million tonnes. It is
estimated that 70 to 90% deposits are of low grade and only 10-30% are of high grade. The
important working deposits are Chiklan, Jawas, Juntri, Kharkha, Khojawara, Mundwara and
Channi.
(v) Rikhabdeo -Kagdar- Kalyanpur belt : This belt runs from Rikhabdeo in south-east to
Kalyanpur in north-west over 20 km. length. The soapstone is associated with post-Aravalli
ultrabasic intrusives. It occurs as lenses which vary from 30 to 150 m. in length and 0.50 to 2.00
m. in width.
The mineralisation exhibits pinching and swelling tendency. The soapstone is of flaky
type-varying in colour from pale green to greenish white. The inferred reserves of soapstone in
this area are 0.654 million tonnes of which 70-80% is of low grade and 20-30% is of high grade.
The important working deposits are Kagdar, Tapana, Kalighati, Khanmin, Bilkhai, Kalyanpur,
Dhulana etc.
(vi) Lakhawali- Rama belt: This belt runs from Naya Guda, west of Udaipur to Paraya in northeast for 25 kms. length. The mineralisation is confined to dolomitic limestone and quartzits
associated with talc-chlorite schist of Aravalli Supergroup.
Mineral Administration
Mineral administration work in the district is being looked after by the office of the Mining
Engineer, Udaipur which is supervised by the Superintending Mining Engineer, Udaipur and
Additional Director, (Mines), Udai pur zone.
The Geological work is looked after by Office of the Superintending Geologist
(Phosphate) which is under Additional Director (Geology), Udaipur zone.
The Telephone numbers of these offices are given below: Superintending Geologist
(Phosphate) - 0294-583123. Mining Engineer, Udaipur - 0294-583356.
Unpublished Geological Reports of Mineral Survey & Prospecting of Udaipur
District
(A) Department of Mines & Geology:
Mitter, A.C.; 1961-62 : A geological note on iron ore investigation at Nathara Ki Pal, tehsil
Sarada.
Mitter, A.C.; 1954-55 : A report on the departmental prospecting for copper ore near Debari.
Kulshrestha, N.P.; 1960-61 : A report on mineral survey in Salumber area.
Kulshrestha, N.P.; 1960-61 : Abstract of the report on progress of mineral survey work in
Udaipur district.
Mitter, A.C.; 1955-56 : A report on reconnaissance work for economic minerals in Udaipur
district.
Murdia, M.s.; 1954-55 : Iron ore deposit at Hunder and Thur area.
Mitter, A.C.; 1952-53 : Interim report of prospecting work of iron ore in Udaipur district.
Mitter, A.C.; 1952-53 : A report on iron ore deposit n/v Hunder.
Kulshrestha, N.P.; 1957-58 : A report of Devi Mata, Kalakot prospecting project.
Kulshrestha, N.P; 1957-58: A geological note of Zawar area. Singh, J.N.; 1955-56: A report on
visit to Udai Niwas area.
Srivastava, S.B.L.; 1956-57 : A report on the investigation of manganese ore near Eklingpura.
Srivastava, S.B.L.; 1951-52 : A report on silica sand deposit at Dantalia near Zawar Mines.
................... 1955-56 : A report on departmemtal prospecting operation for iron ore at Nathara Ki
Pal, tehsil Sarada.
Srivastava, S.B.L.; 1956-57 : A report on the investigation for red ocher deposit at Iswal.
Mitter, A.C.; 1954-55 : A report on departmental operation for lead ore near Debari.
Kulshrestha, N .P.; 1959-60 : A report on the departmental prospecting and investigation for lead
ore at Rikhabdev.
Mitter, A.C.; 1954-55 : A report on the departmental prospecting for lead ore near Rikhabdev.
Singh, J.N.; 1955-56 : A report on the observations made during the geological mapping of lead
ore areas near Rikhabdev;
Kulshrestha, N.P.; 1957-58 : Annual report regarding departmental prospecting for lead ore near
Rikhabdev.
Mitter, A.C., Singh, J.N.; 1956-57 : Interim report on prospecting and geological mapping for
lead ore near Rikhabdev.
Mitter, A.C.; 1957-58 : A report on departmental prospecting for lead ore near Debari.
Mitter, A.C.; 1953-54: Interim report for the mineral survey and prospecting operations in
Udaipur district.
Mitter, A.C.; 1953-54: A report regarding reconnaissance survey undertaken during the field
session 1953-54 in Udaipur district.
Kulshrestha, N .P.; 1959-60 : A note on mineral reconnaissance in Salumber area.
Sethi, M.L., Mitter, A.C. & Sharma, R.S.; 1963-64: Preliminary investigation report of limestone
deposit near Dabok.
Sethi, M.L., Mitter, A.C., Kulshrestha, N.P. & Tiwari K.K..; 1966-67: Iron ore deposit at
Nathara Ki Pal, tehsil Sarada.
Mitter, A.C.; 1961: Iron ore deposits at Nathara Ki Pal, tehsil Sarada.
Singh, J.N., Bhargava, K.D.; 1967-68: A report on fluorite investigation at Jhalara.
Sethi, M.L, Mitter, A.C., Singh, J.N. & Mehta, G.S.: 1968: Preliminary report on the Jhamar
Kotra rock phosphate deposit.
Mehta, G.S.; 1967-68: Preliminary investigation report of apatite deposit near village Newania
Ki Was, tehsil Vallavhnagar.
Keshwani, K.B.; 1968-69: A report on rock phosphate deposit at Neemuch Mata.
Sethi, M.L.; 1965: Investigation for galena in a Katar area.
Mehta. D.S.; 1972: A report on the Badgaon rock phosphate deposit.
Swami, S.K.; 1972 : A report on the reconnaissance work for basemetal and iron ore near village
Phenio Ka Guda.
---------; 1972 A report on the pregress of prospecting, exploration work for rock phosphate in
Jhamarkotra. Verdia, P.K.; 1972-93: A report on the reconnaissance for basemetal in Keora area.
--------------- ; 1970: Rock phosphate at Jhamarkotra.
Dwivedi, C .S; 1977: Geological structure of Jhamarkotra.
Srivastava, S.B.L.; 1976: Rock phosphate deposit of Jhamarkotra.
Bhargava, K.D., Sur ana, R.L. & Dwivedi, C.S.: 1975: Low grade kyanite and sillimanite
resources of Udaipur district.
Bafna, P.C., Singh, J.N.; 1979: A report on the exploration of Jhamarkotra phosphorite deposit.
Khamesra, N.S: Annual progress report of kyanite sillimanite investigation project, district
Udaipur. Saxena, R.C., Bhatnagar, P.K.; 1977: A report on the investigation of barytes in
Relpatliya-Jagat area.
P.D. Cell; 1980: A report on the preliminary assessment of the cement grade limestone in the
leasehold area of M/ s Hindustan Suger Ltd., Daroli.
Bhargava, K.D. Saxena, R.C. & Verdia P.K.; 1978: A report on the assessment of quality
reserves of limestone deposit of Mandaria, Jopra and Hiario area.
Ceramic Lab; 1980: Investigation report on the benefication studies of low grade kyanite sample
of Khemli-Bijanwas area.
Srivastava, S.B.L.; 1972: Investigation report of rockphosphate deposit of Jhamarkotra.
Srivastava, S.B.L.; 1973: Investigation report of rockphosphate deposit of Jhamarkotra.
Srivastava, S.B.L.; 1974: Investigation report of rockphosphate deposit of Jhamarkotra.
Bafna, P.C.; 1975: Investigation report of rockphosphate deposit of Jhamarkotra.
Bafna, P.C., Vaish, A.K.; 1976: Investigation report of rock-phosphate deposit of Jhamarkotra.
Srivastava, S.B.L., Dwivedi, C.S.; 1979: A report on aerial photograph interpretation of
Babarmal marble, Jagat-Relpatliya barytes and Khedi basemetal area.
Sharma,A.K., Bhattacharya, B.C. & Mehta, H.S.; 1978: Investigation report of benefication of
low grade flourspar sample received from M/ s Seema Minerals & Metals Ltd.
Ceramic Lab; 1977: Investigation studies on clay from Kharbarion Ka Guda.
---------------- ; 1974: A short note on Jhamarkotra rockphosphate project.
Mathur, G.P., Singhvi, R.S. & Gupta, S.K.; 1980: A report on geophysical survey for basemetals
in Anjani area.
Surana, L.S.; 1980-81-82: Investigation report of limestone near Khajuria-Sandmaria area.
Bhargava, K.D.; 1983: A note on the occurrences of granite in Udaipur district.
Pandya, M.K., Srivastava, S.B.L. & Dwivedi, C.S.: Petrography and Geochemistry of
precambrian phosphorite from Jhamarkotra deposit.
Singh, J.N., Ashok Kothari; 1982-83: Annual progress report of Jhamarkotra rockphosphate
project.
Surana, L.S.; 1982-83: A report on the investigation for cement grade limestone around KalaKhetar, Bikarni.
M.E.C.; 1985: Prospecting for barytes in the leased hold area of rajasthan barytes ltd., near
Relpatliya-Jagat.
Gupta, S.K. Mathur, G.P.; 1985: Geophysical investigation for ground water in Matoon area.
Surana, R.L., Sukhwal, 0.S.; 1982-83: A report on reconnaissance in Kotra-Jhadol area.
Verdia, P.K., Dhabai, S.S.; 1983-84: A report of reconnaissance in Kanor Bhinder area.
----- ; 1984-85: Mineral resources of Udaipur district.
Geophysical Section; 1986: A note on geophysical investigation for ground water in Devastan
Visrantigarh, Udaipur.
Sharma R.S.; 1986: Up dated report on the exploration of Jhamarkotra phosphate deposit (June
1968 - March 1986).
B.C. Bhattacharya; 1989: A priliminary investigation of micaceous limestone of Semad area,
distt Udaipur.
Danish, H.S.: Report on geophysical investigation for ground water in Udai Sagar Lake and
adjoining area, distt. Udaipur.
Bhatnagar, P.K; 1986: Report on geological investigation for basemetal in Khedi (east block)
area, tehsil Girwa, distt. Udaipur part I.
Sukhwal, K.L., Vardia, P.K.; 1991: A report on the subsurface exploration for basemetal by
drilling in Khedi east area, telsil Girwa, distt. Udaipur ( part II).
Ranawat, T.S.: Report of reconnaissance for economic minerals such as calcite wollstonite etc. in
western frontiers of Udaipur distt ., from Sayra in north-east to Khila in south-west, tehsil
Gogunda, distt Udaipur.
Khunteta, R.S., M.E.C., Siroya, 0.S., Surana, L.S., Vijayvargiya, R.P.: A report on evolution
studies of soapstone in lease hold areas of Girwa, Jharol, Nathdwara, Mavli, and Gogunda
tehsils, distt. Udaipur.
Yadav, O.P., Mehta, S.C.; 1988-89: Reconnaissance for search of decorative stone n/ v VanaBhinder, distt. Udaipur.
Khamesara, N.S., Kothari, M.S.; 1985-88: A report on the high grade limestone in ThamlaMogana area, tehsil Mavli and Nathdwara, distt. Udaipur.
Vardia, P.K., Kothari, M.S.: Reconnaissance for graphite and other economic minerals in Amet,
Deogarh area, distt. Udaipur.
Khunteta, R.S., Vijayvargiya, R.P.; 1983-84: A report of preliminary investigations carriedout
for high grade limestone in Palana- Thamla-Mogana area, distt. Udaipur.
Vardia, P.K., Dhabai, S.S.; 1986: A preliminary report on occurrences of wolframite in Kun
Lasaria area, tehsil Dhariyawad, distt. Udaipur
Khichi, N .S., Rai, S.C.; 1988-89 : Report an Magnesite investigation in Parsad, Bhauva and
Kotra area, distt. Udaipur.
Khabya, N.K.; 1990-91: Report on reconnaissance for rockphosphate around Woh, Wali, Adwas
distt Udaipur.
Khabya, N.K.; 1987-88: Report on continuation of investigation and proving of rock phosphate
at Jhamarkotra, distt. Udaipur.
Khabya, N.K.; 1988-89: Report on reconnaissance for rockphosphate around Haldighati,
Rabarion Ka Guda, Rama in Udaipur distt.
Khabya, N.K.; 1989-90: Report on continuation of Jhamarkotra phosphate investigation. Project
No.66 (PH-3).
Khabya, N.K.; 1989-90: Report on reconnaissance for rockphosphate in Badgaon-Iswal-Losing
area, distt Udaipur (Project PH-2).
Mineralogical report on the sample of sillimanite recived fror Pratibha refractong mineral,
Shakti Nagar, Udaipur.
Agarwal, J.C.; 1990-91: Report on the basemetal investigation in Rikhabdev-Bhauva area, tehsil
Kherwara, distt. Udaipur.
Mehta, S.C., Kothari, M.S.; 1988-89: Reconnaissance for economic minerals in Nandvel,
Dadhavali area, tehsil Jharol, distt. Udaipur.
Khichi, N.S., Rai, S.C.; 1987-88: Reconnaissance for rockphosphate in Dakankotra, Palodara,
Dingri-Jharol, Parsad, Rikhavdev area, distt. Udaipur.
Khichi, N.S., Rai, S.C.: Preminary Baversesa Undri, Rabario Ki Dhani area, distt Udaipur.
Khichi, N.S., Rai, S.C.: Prospecting for phosphate in Mahudi area, distt. Udaipur (Jaisamand).
Khabya, N.K.; 1988-89: Report on continuation of investigation and proving of rock phosphate
at Jhamarkotra, distt. Udaipur.
Khabya, N.K.; 1990-91: Report on continuation of investigation and proving of rock phosphate
at Jhamarkotra, distt. Udaipur.
Khabya, N.K.; 1987-88: Report on continuation of investigation and proving of rock phosphate
at Jhamarkotra, distt. Udaipur.
Khabya, N.K.; 1988-89: Report on reconnaissance for rockphosphate around Haldighati, Rabario
Ki Guda, Rama area distt. Udaipur.
Khabya, N.K.; 1989-90: Report on continuation of investigations for Jhamarkotra rock phosphate
deposit.
Khabya, N.K.; 1989-90: Reort on reconnaissance for rockphosphate in Badgaon, Iswal, Losing
area, distt. Udaipur.
Khichi, N.S., Rai, S.C.; 1987-88: Report on reconnaissance for rockphosphate in Dakankotra,
Parsad, Rishabhdev area, distt U daipur. Preliminary Survey in Undri, Rebario Ka Gura and
Mahudi area, distt Udaipur.
Khichi, N.S., Rai, S.C.: A report on magnesite mineral of Parsad area, distt. Udaipur.
Dhabai, S.S., Paliwal, R.S.; 1990-91: A report on assessment study of marble leases in Kotri and
Balachach Ka Guda blocks in Amet tehsil, distt. Udaipur.
Rai, S.C., Sukhwal, O.S. : A report on indentification for marble area specially sepentine marble
for delineation in Kherwara and Sarada tehsils of Udaipur distt. (Toposheet No. 45-H/12).
Krishana, R. (Indian Bureau of Mines): Report on the regional study of soapstone and
pyrophyllite mines in Udaipur.
Dhabhai, S.S.: Reconaissance for search of tungsten mineral and other economic minerals
around Jhalara Entalikhera area teh. Salumber , distt. Udaipur. Project No. UD-5 (1984-85),
UD2(85-86), UD-1(86-87).
Goswami, R.G.: Reconnaissance for economic minerals like Barytes, calcite, dolomite etc. and to
study feasibility of granite as decorative stone.
Vaishnav, V.K.: Report on regional mineral survey for phosphate and other economic minerals
near villages Madri, Bagrua, Kharpina etc., tehsils Jhadol and Girwa, distt. Udaipur.
Dhabhai, SS.: Report of rockphosphate investigation project around Undari, teh.Girwa, distt.
Udaipur
Report of investigation for Nathara Ki Pal iron ore deposit in Sarada tehsil, Udaipur district.
Doshi, T.K., Joshi, S.V.; 1994-95: Prospecting for basemetals and other economic minerals
around villages Mungana, Nadi, Parsola of Dhariawad tehsil, distt. Udaipur and part of distt.
Dungerpur.
Sukhwal, K.L., Verdia, P.K.: Report on the Basemetal investigation carriedout in Anjani area,
tehsil Dhariawad, distt. Udaipur.
-------------- Reconnaissance for economic minerals
such as soapstone dolomite, fluorite, Kyanite, Secheelite, basemetals and limestone around
Mungana, Parsola, Bhungabhat in teh. Dhariawad, distt. Udaipur BSW-4/86-87, BSW-4/86-87.
Goswami, R.G. : Reconnaissance for economic minerals like barytes, calcite, dolomite etc. and
to study feasibility of granite as decorative stone near village Khunta, teh. Dhariawad, distt.
Udaipur.
Sukhwal, K.L., Bhatnagar, P.K.; 1991-93: Report on basemetal investigations in Keoda area,
tehsil Girwa, distt. Udaipur.
Vaishnav, V.K., Khabya, N.K., Rai , S.C.: Report on reassessment of low grade rock phosphate
in preliminary prospected areas around Sisarma, Burja, Matun, Lalmadri, district Udaipur.
Verdia, P.K., Mehta, S.C.: Report on investigation for basemetals near Kaya, tehsil Girwa, distt.
Udaipur.
Mehta , S.C., Sukhwal , 0.5. : Investigation fot megnesite and other economic minerals in
Bhauva area, distt.Udaipur (1991-92) & continuation of investigation for magnesite in KarachhaBandila & Kundal-Khanmin area, teh. Kherwara , distt. Udaipur (1992-93).
Danish, H.A., Kushwaha, S.N.: Report on geophysical investigation for Ground water
exploration in Jhamarkotra Mines area.
Kushawaha, S.N.: A report on the geophysical investigation for basemetals in Keora area, distt.
Udaipur.
Kushwaha, S.N.: Report on the geophysical investigation for basemetal in Nawania Ki Kawas
area, district Udaipur.
Danish ., H.A. : Report on the geophysical investigation in Kaya area, district Udaipur.
Goswami, R.G.: Reconnaissance for economic minerals like barytes calcite, dolomite etc. and to
study feasibility of granite as decorative stone near Khunta, tehsil Dhariawad, distt. Udaipur.
Bhatnagar, P.K.; 1988-89: Report on investigation for basemetals in Niwania area, distt.
Udaipur.
Dhabhai, SS., Yadav, O.P., Khamesara, N.S., Mehta, S.C. : Investigations for basemetals in
Kevda-Oda area, tehsil Girwa, distt. Udaipur. ( Supervision of N S. Khichi, Suptdg. Geologist,
Udaipur).
Verdia, P.K., Yadav, O.P.: Report on exploration for rock phosphate near villages Kanpur,
Bedwas, Bhoiyon Ki Pancholi, teh. Girwa , distt. Udaipur
-------; 1988-89 : Report on investigation for basemetals in Niwania area, distt. Udaipur.
Vaishnav, V:K .: Report on Regional Mineral Survey for phosphate & other economic minerals
near village Rishabhdev, west of Parsad in teh. Sarada , distt. Udaipur.
Kushwaha, S.N.: Basemetal investigations in Kel Ki Kw, Belvi, Balicha area, teh. Dhariawad ,
distt. Udaipur.
Vaishnav, V.K.: Prospecting for basemetals n/v Pipli, teh. Kherwara , distt. Udaipur.
Sukhwal, K.L.: Report on basemetal investigations carried out in Anjani area, teh. Dhariawad ,
distt. Udaipur.
Verdia, P.K., Yadav. O.P.: Exploration for rockphosphate in north-west of Kanpur-Bedwas,
Bhoiyon Ki Pancholi, teh. Gitwa , distt. Udaipur.
Saxena, R.C., Bhatnagar, P.K.; 1977: An investigation report on the preliminary investigations
for basemetals in Khedi, Jagat, Patliya area, distt. Udaipur.
(B) Geological Survey of India & others:
Jain, S.5..; 1974-75: Report on systematic geological mapping around Sivdiya Onga area.
Arora, Y.K.; 1975-76: Report on systematic geological mapping in Jharol-Kolyari-Bichhiwara
area, distt. Udaipur.
Singh,P.N.; 1977-78: Report on investigation for basemetal mineralisation in Nava-SakrodaKotri area, distt. Udaipur.
Sahu, R.L. et a1 1990-91: Stratigraphic structure and metamosphism of a part of Aravalli fold
belt.
Bhattacharya, S.N.; 1990-91: Study of the ultramatic and associated rocks of Aravalli
Supergroup around Rikhabdev.
Ameta, S.5.; 1987-89: Final exploration report on test drilling at Bansrai-Gariawas copper block,
teh.Vallabhnagar.
Bhattacharya, A.K.; 1987-88: Report on the study of high grade sequence and the associated
rocks of the Sandmata Complex in parts of Udaipur district.
Srivastava, R, Saxena, A.K. ,: 1984-85: Systematic geological mapping around Salumber.
Banerjee, S.K; 1985-87: Report on the investigation for phosphorite around Dholki Pati, district
Udaipur.
Rai, D.K.; 1985-87: A report for copper in LalpuraVasu area, Udaipur district.
Choudhary, S; 1984-85: Systematic geological maping of the Delhi Supergroup of rocks around
Panarwa Som, Tindori & Torna area, Udaipur district.
Sinha, R.K. & Kumar, V.; 1984-85: Report on the identification of Silcrete occurrences in
Aravalli Supergroup of rocks, districts Udaipur & Dungarpur.
Sinha & Jog, 1973-74: Report on investigation of Basemetal occurrences near Parsad, Thalkafar,
Kotar, Tarana and Gogla, and Udaipur.
Arora & Jain; 1973-74: Report on systematic geological mapping in Sayra, Jaswantpura area,
distt. Udaipur.
Bapna; 1975-76: Report on the preliminary survey for the search of Basemetals in Manas-Jharol
section, distt. Udaipur.
Mahajan ------: China clay deposit near Karbaria Ka Gurha, distt. Udaipur.
Kaluraya & Rath; 1973-75: Report on the detailed investigation of phosphorite resources in the
Dakankotra block, distt. Udaipur.
Kaluraya, 1975-76: Investigation for basemetals in Kherwara-Dewal-Gugran areas, districts
Udaipur and Dungerpur.
Chandala &Gupta: Investigation of the Lakhavali Talc deposit, distt. Udaipur.
Mahajan: Investigation of copper occurrences near Matoon, Umara & Oda, distt. Udaipur.
Biswas; 1968-71: Report on the investigation of Baroi magra lead zinc deposit, Zawar area, distt.
Udaipur.
Singh, Jog; 1974-75: Report on regional assessment of Polymetallic mineralisation in Zawar,
lead zinc belt (Parsad, Kherwara area), distt. Udaipur.
Chattopadhyay & Gangopadhyey; 1972-73: Investigation of ultramatic rocks of Rikhabdev,
Dungarpur, Waria area, distt. Udaipur and Dungarpur.
Berman; 1972-73: Report on the study of stromatolites from the Aravalli rocks of Udaipur distt.
H.Z.L.: Project report for the exploitation of Matoon rockphosphate deposit, distt. Udaipur.
50 YEARS OF MARBLE DEVELOPMENT IN RAJASTHAN
Rajasthan has a large spectrum of minerals in which building stones enjoy an important place.
Marble occupies a unique position among building stones due to its pleasant look and easy
carving. The term marble is derived from the Latin world "marmor" which itself comes from the
Greek root "marmarous", meaning thereby a shining stone.
Petrographically, marble is a recrystallised (metamorphosed) limestone, but in
commercial perlance, the term marble has a much wider application. Commercial marble is any
crystalline rock composed predominantly of calcite, dolomite or serpentinite that has hardness of
3 to 4 on Moho's scale and is capable of taking good polish. In this way rocks like yellow
limestone of Jaisalmer, black lirnestone of Chittaurgarh, Bhainslana and Aburoad or Serpentine
rocks of Udaipur and Dungarpur districts are also sold in the names of yellow, black or green
marble, respectivly. Calcitic marble having white colour, is the best marble. It does not change
colour but dolomitic marble in due course of time becomes yellowish.
Marble occurrences are widely distributed in India. However, occurrences of economic
importance are limited to a few states namely Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Gujrat, Hariyana and
Andhra Pradesh. Makrana marble and green marble have became famous world over. Rajasthan
has the largest resorces of good quality marble in India. Total recoverable reserves of marble in
India are estimated at 825 million tonnes by IBM, out of which 563 million tonnes alone are
found in Rajasthan. As per the informations from Stona-2000, Rajasthan passesses 11,000
million tonnes of mineable marble reserves. The following statement shows reserves of various
marble belts/ deposits of Rajasthan.
(in million tonnes)
S. No.
Deposit/belt
District
Reserves -
1.
Agaria- Amet- Kelwa-Morwad
Rajsamand
387
2.
Makrana
Nagaur
56
3.
Keshariaji
Udaipur
40
4.
Babarmal (Devimata)
Udaipur
60
5.
Tripura Sundari- Talai-Odabasi- Bhimkund - VithaldeoBanswara
230
6.
Andhi- Bhainslana
Jaipur
50
7.
Jhiri -Sariska
Alwar
20
8.
Selwara-Dhanvav- Koteswar
Sirohi
80
9.
J ahajpur- Kekri
Bhilwara
60
10. Kalyanpura-N arwar-Saradhana
Ajmer
60
11. Patan-Rampura
Sikar
10
12. Umar
Bundi
25
13. Dungarpur
Dungarpur
10
14. Chittaurgarh
Chittaurgarh
7
15. Pali
Pali
3
16. Jaisalmer
Jaisalmer
2
Total
1100
About 85% country's production is shared by Rajasthan. It has produced 4278.63 thousand
tonnes of marble during 1999-2000 worth for Rs. 42903.15 lac rupees (Sale value).
From the times imemmorial marble has been used to perpetuate the memory of
individual, to immortalise their acheivements and to glorify the deities. A number of temples
(Ranakpur and Delwara Jain temples), mosques (Taj Mahal) and monuments (Victoria
Memorials) etc. have been built in the past under the lavish petronage of kings and noblemen.
For these purpose, marble has been much preferred because of its easy workability, pleasing
colours, attractive patterns and resistance to failure under abrasive traffic. The use of marble not
only enhances the austhetic beauty of a building but also imparts a feeling of diginity to the
structure.
Change in marble scenerio during last 50 years:
At the time of independance, Makrana was the sole producer of marble in the state. The mine
owners were given the Bapi rights. The total marble production in 1950 was 17620 tonnes and
revenue earning through marble was Rs. 1,17, 880 /-. Since then, a tremendous change has been
occured in the marble scenerio of the state. A number of new marble deposits have been located,
explored and exploited in various parts of the state and today it is being produced in 20 out of 32
districts. Green marble which was not even been thinked upto seventh decade, has gained an
important place among marbles world over. Besides, more new varieties such as wood marble
(English Teak Wood) of Phalodi, Yellow marble of Jaisalmer, Red / Chocolate marble of
Mandaldeh etc. came into the market.
The marble industry in Rajasthan has flourished after 1980's as indicated by continuous
increase in production, number of leases and revenue (Table-1). The marble production which
was only 17620 tonnes in 1950 has been increased to 4278.630 thousand tonnes (243 times) and
revenue from Rs. 1,17,880/- to Rs. 5,55,177.551 thousand (470 times) in 1999-2000. At present,
a total of 3243 leases and 840 quarry licences are in existance. The district-wise position of
leases, production and revenue is shown in Table-2. Such a drastic change in marble scenerio
during this half century of independance, has generated job opportunities manifold. A large
number of persons are engaged in marble mining and marble based industies. This has uplifted
the socio-economic status of the people working in marble mines 1 associated with marble
industries.
At the time of Princely states, the marble quarries were being alloted under prevailing
princly rules. After the formation of Rajasthan, the leases were granted under Miner Mineral
Concession Rules-1955 and subsequently under chapter 3 of Rajasthan MMCR 1959, revised in
1977. Under Rule-28, RCRLs were granted for a period of ten years. State Government has
launced the 'Marble Policy' in 1994 for systematic and proper development of marble in
Rajasthan. In this policy, the period of leases was increased from 10 to 20 years. Marble leases
could be granted after delineating the plots of 100 x 100 m. (1 hectare) size which was lateron
revised to 150 x 150m. (2.25 hectare).
Now plots of 4 hectare size are being made. This practice is followed in free land only.
In case of private / agriculture (khatedari) land, these rules are not effective.
As is evident from the above, marble in the past was used only in palaces, temples or
monuments constructed by rich persons, but now due to technical and mechanical development,
it has reached to the house of comman people.
Varieties/kinds of Marble:
On the basis of mineralogical composition, the marble of Rajasthan can be grouped as calcitic,
dolomitic and serpentinite marble. Majority of Rajasthan marble belongs to dolomitic. The
Makrana marble is the best representative of calcitic marble in the state. Besides, marble deposits
of Selwara, Serwa, Perwa (Sirohi distt.), Jaspura-Daroli (Udaipur distt.) and Oda-Bassi
(Banswara distt.) are also of calcitic nature. The deposits of TripuraSundri (Banswara distt.),
Andhi-Sankotra (Jaipur-Dausa distts.), Jhiri (Alwar distt.) and of Rajsamand district are of
dolomitic category, while that of Rikhabdeo, Kherwara and Dungarpur is serpentine marble.
On the basis of colour, its shades and pattern, marble has been classified into 10 groups
by Indian Standard Institute (ISI)- IS: 1130 (1969). These groups are :S.No
Group of Marble
Deposits
1.
Plain white marble
Makrana,Agria,Selwara, Rajsamand
2.
Panther marble
Bundi, Bhainslana
3.
White veined marble
Tripura-Sundri
4.
Plain black marble
Aburoad, Bhainslana
5.
Black zebra marble
Bheslana
6.
Green marble
Rikhabdeo,Kherwara,Dungarpur, Khandra
7.
Pink adanga marble
Paloda, Babarmal, Makrana
8.
Pink plain marble
Babarmal, Bar,
9.
Grey marble
Paloda, Selwara
10.
Brown marble
Bar, Mandaldeh (Chocolate)
This classification is based on the occurrences of various types of marble in Rajasthan.
Makrana is the unique deposit where all kinds of marble except black, brown and green varities
are available.
Besides these ten groups, there are few more varieties which are found in the state and
did not covered in the above classification. These are wood marble of Phalodi, yellow marble of
Jaisalmer, dendritic marble of Churu, chocolate coloured with webs of Tripura-Sundri, dark
chocolate and red coloured marble of Mandaldeh (Chittaurgarh distt.) etc.
Districtwise Marble Distribution
Marble of one type or another, occurs in almost all the horizons right from precambrian to
Tertiary rocks in Rajasthan.
As mentioned earlier, out of 32 districts, marble deposits are being exploited in 20 districts.
Rajsamand, Makrana, Udaipur, Alwar, Banswara, Dungarpur and Ajmer are the main marble
producing districts of the state. About 46% marble production of the state comes from
Rajsamand district. It has produced 1700.844 thousand tonnes of marble against the total
production of 3653.312 thousand tonnes during 1999-2000. Nagaur having 581 thousand tonnes
production stands second and Alwar ranks third (565 th. tonnes).
The statistical information is given in Table-l and 2. The districtwise details of marble
deposits is given below:
Nagaur district
The world famous marble deposits of Makrana, occurs in Nagaur district. The well-known Taj
Mahal and Victoria Memorial are constructed of this marble. The deposit extends from MatajiKa-Temple in the east to Kala Dungri in the west of Makrana town over a strike length of about
12 kms. having a width of 1.6 km. and running in NNE-SSW direction. The width of individual
marble band ranges from 2 to 12 m. The deposit is having six parallel bands occuring between
Borawad and Makrana. The marble bands dip steeply from 50 to 70° towards east south-east.
About 50 million tonne reserves of marble has been estimated in main Makrana marble belt.
Depending on the physical characters, Makrana marble belt has been divided into 14
blocks. Blockwise type, colour, texture and quality is shown in the following table :S.No.
Block
Type of Marble Grain Size
Grade
1.
Bhermala
Pink,White
1& II
Fine
danga
2.
Rawat Dungri
Adanga
-
II
3.
Kala-Nada Talab
Dark pink
coarse
I of II
4.
Dhobi Dungri
Adanga
coarse
III
5.
Kumari N adi
Adanga
coarse
III
6.
Ulodi
Adanga pink
coarse
III
7.
Chausara
White
fine
I
8.
Range Bhot
Adanga
-
II
9.
Chak Dungri
Adanga
-
II
10.
Pink Range
Light pink
-
-
11.
Paharkuan Range
White danga
-
-
12.
110diDungriRnge
Adanga
-
II
13.
Kala Dungri Rnge Adanga
Adanga
-
II
14
Borawad Range
-
coarse
II
Out of these, Chausara block is most important as it is the main source of immaculate white
marble of I grade.
Makrana marble is generally coarse grained but some fine grained varities are also
obtained in various shades. The dark streaks in some white and pink marbles are due to local
bands of graphitic nature derived from the original limestone. This sometimes lends a beautifull
appearance (Adanga Marble) to the finished product, especially for exterior use, but are
deterimental to small work where colour is of great importance.
The depth of quarries has reached up to 500 m. The deposits in the main range have been
almost exhausted. So the department of Mines & Geology, has explored the concealed marble
band in countinuation under 15 to 20 m. thick soil cover. This band has been proved for a strike
length of about 4.4 km. having thickness of 10 to 50 m. A reserve of 5.8 million tonnes has been
estimated in this concealed deposit.
Almost complete marble area is being exploited under 2 mining leases and 817 RCRLs
(Rent Cum Royalty Leases).
Rajsamand District
Rajsamand district is having the largest marble deposits of the state and is the largest marble
producing district in India. About 40% marble production of the states comes from this district.
The marble deposits of Rajsamand district i.e. Rajnagar, Kelwa-Agaria belt is situated nearly 65
kms. north of Udaipur city. The formations containing marble in Rajsamand district are put in
Raialo Group. The geological status of the marble along with its associated members, has
changed its strategraphic position from time to time (Heron, 1935, 1953; Pandya, 1964, 1981 and
Gupta etal981). The marble now forms the lower most part of Delhi Supergroup (Raialo Group)
followed by Alwar and Ajabgarh Groups.
The marble of Rajsamand district is entirly dolomitic and is being mined mainly in
Rajsamand, Amet and Kumbhalgarh tehsils. In Rajsamand tehsil, main production is from
Janjhar, Kelwa, Umti, Talai, Morwad, Arna, Valla Chhach-Ka-Guda, Parvati etc. Mines from
Agaria, Kelwa Fort, Sudul Kheda and Dholi Khan areas are producing white marble while at
other mines/places adanga or spotted marble is produced.
According to surfacial distribution, Rajsamand marble can further be divided into four
sub-blocks.
1. Rajnagar-Bhagwanda-Morchana.
2. Kelwa-Tallai-Nijharna.
3. Saprav Ka Guda-Bonda-Bhagroda.
4. Agaria-Parwti-Jogimagra.
The Agria-Amet marble resembles the Makrana marble in colour and grain size but in chemical
composition Makrana marble differs from Rajnagar marble. The former is calcitic marble and the
later one is dolomitic. It contains nearly 16% MgO, due to which its whiteness cannot compete
Makrana marble after lapse of few years.
The marble of Rajsamand belt is generally medium to coarse-grained, white to greyish white
coloured having spots and dark coloured stripes. It also contains high silica, actinolite, tremolite
and diopside.
In total 1637 mining leases of marble are in operation in Rajsamand district.
Udaipur district
Marble deposits in Udaipur district are known since hundreds of years when palaces and
embakments in and around Udaipur were built with local marble.
There are three main belts of marble in Udaipur district iz. Babarmal-Devimata, Jaspura-Daroli
and Rikhabdeo. All these three belts produce different types of marbles i.e., pink from BabarmalDevimata, white, adanga from Jaspura-Karoli and green from Rikhabdeo. Besides, important
occurances are also found in Salumber and Dhariawad tehsils.
Babarmal marble deposit: Pink marble of Aravalli Supergroup occurs near villages Devimata
and Babarmal. It is located about 25 kms. south of Udaipur. The marble band extends for a strike
length of 4.5 kms. with width varying from 30 to 350 m. The general strike is N-S. The marble is
siliceous, light pink to dark pink in colour, fine to medium grained with biotite and other basic
impurities in the form of thin bands and lenses. These impurities form grey to greeninsh coloured
bands which make it attractive. Marble is hard, compact and joints are sparse which facilitate
extraction of blocks up to 2.5 x 1.5 x 1.5 m. size. Almost whole of the area has been covered
under mining. A part of the belt in northen side, falls in Army Firing Range.
Rikhabdeo Green marble deposit: Green marble is the trade name of serpentine marble. In the
past, the only known occurences of this rock were in Baroda (Gujrat), from where it was mined
and marketed under the trade name of "Green Marble". After the discovery of green marble in
Udaipur and Dungarpur districts of Rajasthan, it become very poular.
Serpentinites are the altered ultramafics which have intruded the deep water facies of
Aravalli Supergroup. Geographically these rocks are exposed intermittently or continuously over
long stretches, from north of Gogunda to south of Kherwara (continuing in Dungarpur distt.)
upto Idar in Gujarat, through Parsad, Jhadol, Rikhabdeo etc.
The rock is light to dark bottle green in colour, fine grained with cris-cross view of
calcite and magnetite. It is extremely hard and is not suitable for manual carving, but it can
mechanically be carved into lamps, pillers, jhalis, fountains etc.
Large size blocks upto 3 x 1.5 x 1.5 m size are excavated. The important locations of
green marble mines are Dhelana, Khanmin, Bilkhai, Bhadawa, Pipaldara, Saru, Ugmana Kotra
etc.
Another green marble belt is located from Sultanji Ka Kherwada in Jhadol tehsil to
Bhutala in Gogunda tehsil. Green marble leases are existing near villages Modi, Bhutala,
Chhippala, Undithal, Sultanji Ka Kherwada, Kalighati, Kankan Ka Guda etc. A total of 479000
tonnes of green marble was prduced during the year 1999-2000 in Udaipur district.
Jaspura-Daroli marble deposit: Greyish-White coloured, medium grained, crystalline
limestone occurring near Jaspura, Daroli villages in 25 km. east of Udaipur on UdaipurChittaurgarh highway, is being mined as adanga marble having various patterns and shades.
Besides, marble in Udaipur district is also being mined in small amounts near Bamniya, Baroda
(Salumber tehsil), Manpur, Lohagarh (Dhariawad tehsil) etc.
Bhilwara District
Dolomitic limestone, belonging to Pur-Banera and Jahazpur Groups of Bhilwara Supergroup and
some calcitic bands in pre-Aravallis are being worked for marble in different parts of Bhilwara
district.
Saran Khera-Kanti area is the best known for marble in Kotri teh of the district. The marble is
medium grained, fractured at top, but at depth fractures gradually becomes less and blockability
improves. Owing to green bands and patten on white colour, the marble of the area has got good
market value and has fairly good demand. Other locations where marble deposit is known to
worked are Mujras, Jetpura, Panchanpura, Malola, Pansal etc.
Alwar district
Metamosphosed grey, crystalline, siliceous dolomitic marble of Railo and Ajabgarh Groups
showing black and white bands and stripes, is located near Behror, Jhiri, Rajgarh, Dhadikar etc.
Pale coloured marble is located near Behror, Jhiri and Rajgarh. Pink marble occurs at Kho and
Baldeogarh. Black marble is found in the Moti Dungari ridge near Alwar. Other known
occurrences are near Malana, Goverdhanpura etc. In Palpur-Kho area, dolomite is exposed for
about 3 km. length and 2 kms. width. In this belt three probable zones of SMS grade dolomite
have been.
Ajmer district
Kishangarh marble deposit: The Kishangarh marble is the continuation of Makrana marble
belt. It is out cropping near Sursura, Narwar, Kalidungri, Torka, Ladpura, Akhari, Untra,
Rupnagar, Raghunathpura, Raipura, Saradhana, and Kayampura. In these areas, white, pink,
black, green, and spotted varieties of marble are occurring. The most important deposit in above
mentioned areas is Kayampura where medium grained and black coloured marble is found
exposed in 2 km. long and 500 m. wide area in the form of small ridges. When cut in appropriate
direction, the folded ferruginous bands present within this marble, yield attractive figures.
Pali district
The search for marble in Pali district began during Nineteen-sixty's when first marble deposit
was explored at Bheru-Ka-Baria near Bar-Sendra. In fact, the marble of this district gained
importance due to its varied colours and rarely seen natural figures. This opened up avenues for
search of more marble areas and consequently the deposits at Jadri, Sindru, Diyana, Bangli,
Khiwandi and near Sumerpur town in Bali tehsil, Gurah and Kantaliya in Raipur tehsil, have
come up. The marble of Pali district is siliceous dolomite. The variegated colour is imparted due
to presence of ferruginous material, thin bands of serpentine and other impurities. Though the
marble of this district is quite attractive, presence of irregular fractures in extracted blocks have
affected the growth of marble industry. However, this drawback has now been over come by new
techniques and improved machines. Both raw and finished products from these occurrences have
come into market.
The following table shows colours of prominent marble deposits/belts of Pali district.
Name of deposit/area
Physical character
Bheru Ka Baria near Bar.
Pinkish & reddish
Bankli khiwandi ill. Sumerpur
Multi coloured
Sindru-Diyana
Banded, Pinkish, greenish
Jadri near Falna
Banded Pinkish, grenish
Guraha near Badra
Pinkish
Kantaliya near Sojat Road
Pinkish
During 1999-2000, a total of 40,500 tpnnes marble production has been reported from 34 mining
leases.
Jaisalmer district
Yellow marble: Yellow coloured, fine to medium grained, almost horizontally placed, limestone
belonging to Jaisalmer formation of Jurassic age, is exploited as yellow marble. It is exposed
around Jaisalmer town within a radius of 10 kms., covering Mool Sagar, Amar Sagar, Bara Bagh,
Chundi, Bagta, Sipla, Jethwai etc. villages.
There are three limestone horizons separated from each other by thin beds of clay and
calcareous sandstone. The thickness of each bed varies from 0.5 to 2.00 m. The top most
limestone bed is not suitable for use as marble as it is siliceous and fossiliferous in nature. The
second and third beds are being excavated in the form of blocks and khandas. The total depth of
third limestone bed is generally 3 to 5 m., which restricts the mining operation upto a depth of 5
to 6 m. The mining is being done manually. At present mining for marble is being done in Amar
Sagar, Moolsagar and Sipla areas. The limestone excavated from Sipla and Chundi are widely
used for carving purposes.
The marble blocks maximum upto 4' x 5' x 3' and 6' x 4' x 4' size, are exacavated but
commonly 3' x 3' x 3' and 4' x 3' x 3' size are produced from these areas.
'Supari' or 'Abur Marble' : The fossiliferous limestone of Habur formation exposed near
village Habur is popularly known as 'Supari' or 'Abur marble'. The limestone is dark red, cherry
brown and coffee coloured, siliceous and ferruginous in nature, forms the top most bed having
0.30 to 1.00 m. thickness. It is highly fossiliferous consists of broken shells of Ammonites which
on polishing make it very attractive.
The Habur limestone is used for making tiles and chips. The tiles of 6" x 18" size have
been produced. Now the deposit is almost exhosted.
Jodhpur district
Marble occurs around villages Panchori, Munjasar, Indolai Ki Dhani, Karnu, Chadi, Au,
Deshnock, Moriya etc. Marble is hard, massive and fine to medium grained having beautiful
colours such as dull white, pinkish, creamish white, buff and grey. The added beauty to the
marble has been imparted by the presence of chert / silica distributed as bands,lenticles and
irregular mass which gives a fascinating teak wood like appearence. It is being marketed in the
name of English Teak/Wood Marble.
Sikar district
Marble bands occur at places near Kotri, Kerpura, Karoi, Kotri, Luharwas etc. villages in Sri
Madhopur tehsil and Rajampura, Kalyanpura etc. areas in Neelm Ka Thana tehsil. These are
white, pink to grey ir colour and fine to medium grained in texture.
Chittaurgarh district
Chocolate/brown coloured siliceous limestone marble) is being quarried in Mandaldeh-Pandoli
area. The area is located about 13 km. west of Chittaurgarh on Chittaurgarh-Kapasan road. It is
exposed for a strike length of about 1.5 km. The marbal of this area takes good polish and is
marketed as trade name "Mandeldeh chocolate marble".
Churu district
Exposures of dirty white to light grey coloured, fine to medium grained marble with criss-cross
fracture, filled with ferruginous material, are found near villages Dunkar, Balera and Charla in
Sujangarh tehsil.
It is siliceous dolomitic marble containing 15.48 to 28.50% Si02, 0.20 to 25.75% MgO,
16.52 to 42.56% CaO and 3.34 to 9.12% R203'
Two mining leases of marble are in operation in southwest of Dunkar village where 30 x
40 x 60 cm. size blocks are being excavated for preparing tiles. A tiling factory based on this
marble is working in Ladnu where tiles of 6" x 6" and 12" x 6" size with 4 to 5 mm. thickness are
prepared. These tiles take good polish and have attractive designs.
Sirohi district
The marble deposits in Sirohi district are found in Reodar (Selwara, Perwa, Serwa), Aburoad
(Indi) and Sirohi (Khandra) tehsils. The important deposits, Selwara, Perwa and Serwa lienear
Reodar .
Selwara marble deposit: Greyish white coloured, fine to medium grained saccharoidal marble
of Aravalli Supergroup is located 4 km. north-east of Reodar town. The Selwara hill locally
known as "Hara Magra", consists of marble and calc-silicate rocks exposed as horse shoe shaped
outcrop.
The marble bearing area extends for a strike length of 2.5 km. and the width varies from
50 to 300 m. The marble is white, fine to medium grained, crystalline and well jointed.
Indi marble deposit: The deposit is located at about 4 km. east of Deri basemetal deposit. Abu
Road is the nearest railway station which is 20 km. from the deposit. The marble of Ajabgarh
Group of Delhis occurs as lenses having 50 to 100 m.length associated with calc-silicates. It is
white, light green to grey and fine to medium grained.
Perwa-Serwa deposit: White coloured saccharoidal marble is quarried near Perwa-Serwa and
Piloti areas. It is coarse grained and light blue in colour.
Besides above, small occurrences of marble are found near Khandra (tehsil Sirohi), Ajari
(tehsil Pindwara), Panchdevla (tehsil Sheoganj) etc.
Jaipur-Dausa districts
Marble in Jaipur-Dausa districts is worked in Bhainsalana and Andhi-Raisala areas. AndhiRaisala area is located about 50 kms. north-east of Jaipur. Two major bands of dolomitic
limestone / marble, namely Sankotra-Raisala and Dagota-Nimla, are located within about 17
sq.km. and 21 sq. km. areas, respectively. In both the bands, limestone / dolomitic marble is fine
to medium grained, crystalline and gray to white in colour. It contains greenish to dark green
coloured spots / patches. The marble of these areas is known by the trade name "Andhi Pista
Marble".
Striped black coloured marble deposit of Bhainsalana is located at 96 km. north of Jaipur
on Jaipur-Delhi National Highway. The deposit extends over a length of 2.5 km. varying in
width from 50 to 300 m.
Banswara district
Tripura Sundri Talwara marble deposit: The deposit is situated near famous Tripura Sundri
Temple which lies at 18 km. west of Banswara. The deposit is 3 km. from Banswara-Dungarpur
tar road extending over a strike length of about 7 to 8 kms. and width varing from 200 to 700 m.,
passes through Vithaldev, Tripura Sundri, Kotharia, Khema Talai and Bhanwaria Talai. Marble
is white and creamish coloured, fine grained and high in magnesia. Specks, spots and smears of
pink, maroon, brownish coloured iron and manganesian impurities are common which
deteriorate the quality.
At places the marble has cris-cross fractures filled by pinkish coloured magnesian
minerals which gives web like look. This variety is prefered for preparing tiles.
Pink, greyish-white coloured plane adanga varities of crystalline limestone occur near
Oda-Bassi, Bhim-Kund and Patan-Patiyala are of Garhi tehsil. It takes good polish and is being
used as marble.
Bundi district
Umar marble area: The marble deposit is located 42 km. north of Bundi near village Umar. It is
grey coloured with bands and shades of pink, green and dark green. Marble is exposed over an
area of 4 sq. km. It is siliceous dolomite having 12-18% MgO. The fine grained, green coloured
marble is known as Bundi green.
Marble occurrences are also located around Basoli village.
Dungarpur district
In Dungarpur district ultrabasic rocks which are mainly spepentinites, extend from DevalRampur in north to Kochri in south (up to Gujarat boarder) over a strike length of about 65 km.,
with average width of 1 km. (exceptionally wide upto 15 km.) at Dungarpur-Udaipur boarder
area. The important serpentine marble deposits are located near Dachki, Manpur, Jhakol, Selaj,
Lolakpur, Khemaru, Shanker Ghati etc. in Dungerpur tehsil and Mal, Surata, Bodamli etc. in
Simalwara tehsil. It is popularly Known as 'Green Marble'. It takes good polish and is being
exported to various countries. The shades of green marble vary from light green to deep green
with or without white coloured calcitic veinlets. However, in present market self-designed green
marble without calcitic veinlets, is in great demand in domestic as well as in export market.
Pink coloured calcitic marble is being worked near Padla Jani, Jaspur, Nandli, Dad and
Sabla areas of Aspur tehsil. The marble is medium grained and calcitic in nature. It also exhibits
attractive shades and takes good polish.
Table-2
Yearwise No. of Leases, Production & Revenue of Marble in Rajasthan
(Since 1950 to 2000)
MINERAL CONCESSION (AMENDMENT) RULES, 2001
NOTIFICATION
New Delhi, the 22nd January, 2001
G.S.R. 31(E).- In exercise of the powers conferred by section 13 of the Mines and
Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act, 1957 (67 of 1957), the Central Government
hereby makes the following rules further to amend the Mineral Concession Rules, 1960, namely
1.
(1)
(2)
These rules may be called the Mineral Concession (Amendment) Rules, 2001.
They shall come into force on the date of their publication in the Official Gazette.
2.
In the Mineral Concession Rules, 1960 (hereinafter referred to as the principal rules), in
rule 14, in subrule (1) in clause (vii), for the proviso, the following provisos shall be substituted,
namely:"Provided that no prospecting licence shall be transferred to any person who has not filed an
affidavit stating that he has filed an up-to-date income-tax returns and paid the income-tax
assessed on him and paid the income tax on the basis of self-assessment as provided in the
Income Tax Act, 1961 (43 of 1961) and except on payment to the State Government of a fee of
five hundred rupees.
Provided further that the State Government shall not grant its sanction for the transfer
of prospecting license unless the transferee has accepted all the conditions and liabilities which
the transferor has in respect of such prospecting license.
Provided also that the State Government may, by order in writing after providing the
licensee the opportunity of being heard, cancel such prospecting license at any time if the
licensee has, in the opinion of the State Government, committed a breach of this clause or rule
15A".
3.
In the principal rules, after rule 15, the following rule shall be inserted, namely :-
"15A. Where on an application for grant of sanction to transfer the prospecting license
under clause (vii) of sub-rule (1) of rule 14, the State Government has granted sanction for
transfer of such license, a transfer deed in Form P, or a form as near thereto as po ssible shall
be executed within three months of the date of the consent, or within such further period as the
State Government may allow in this behalf . "
4.
In the principal rules in rule 22, in sub-r~le (4A),
(a)
for the first proviso, the following provisos shall be substituted, namely
. "Provided that the State Government shall exercise the power of approval of mining plan
through an officer or officers who shall possess the following qualification, experience and pay
scale, namely :(i)
a degree in Mining Engineering or postgraduate degree in Geology from a
University established or incorporated by or under a Central Act, a Provincial Act
or a State Act, including any institution recognized by the University Grants
Commission established under section 4 of the University Grants Commission
Act, 1956 (3 of 1956) or any equivalent qualification granted by any University or
Institution outside India;
(ii)
professional experience of twelve years in case of a Mining Engineer in the field of
mining engineering and professional experience of eighteen years in case of a
Geologist in the field of geological survey after obtaining the qualification as
specified in clause (i) in each case; and
(iii)
the pay scale, the maximum of which shall not be less than Rs. 15,850/- (Rupees
fifteen thousand eight hundred and fifty only) per month.
Provided further that the list of the officers fulfilling the qualification, experience and pay-scale
specified in the first proviso shall be sent the Controller General, Indian Bureau of Mines by the
State Governments from time to time for the purposes of that proviso."
(b)
in the second proviso, for the word "further", the word "also" shall be substituted.
5.
In the Schedule I to the principal rules,
(a)
In index, after serial number 18 and the entries relating thereto, the following serial
number and entries shall be inserted, namely :
" 19 Model Form for transfer of Prospecting License Form P"
(b)
after Form 0, the following Form shall be inserted, namely :
"FORM-P
Model form for transfer of prospecting licence (See rule 15A)
When the transferor is an individual........This indenture made this..... day of .......
between........(Name of the person with address and Occupation) (hereinafter referred to as the
"transferor" which expression shall where the context so admits be deemed to include his
heirs,,executors, administrators, representatives and permitted assigns).
When the transferors are more than one individual........(Name of persons with address and
occupation) and ......(name of persons with address and occupation) (hereinafter referred
to as the "transferor" which expression shall where the context so admits be deemed to include
their respective heirs, executors, administrators, representatives and their permitted assigns).
When the transferor is a registered firm.......(Name of the person with address of all the
partners) all carrying on business in partnership under the firm name and style of....(Name of the
firm) registered under the Indian Partnership Act, 1932 (9 of 1932) and having their registered
office at ......(hereinafter referred to as the "transferor" which expression shall where the context
so admits be deemed to include all the said partners, their respective heirs, executors, legal
representatives and permitted assigns).
When the transferor is a registered company........(Name of the company) a company
registered under .......(Act under which incorporated) and having its registered office at
(Address) (hereinafter referred to as the "transferor" which expression shall where the context so
admits be deemed to include its successors and permitted assigns) of the first part.
AND
When the transferee is an individual .....(Name of the person with address and occupation)
(hereinafter referred to as the "transferee" which expression shall where the context so admits be
deemed to include his heirs, executors, administrators, representatives and permitted assigns).
When the transferees are more than one individual.......(Name of the person with address
and occupation) and.....(Name of person with address and occupation) (hereinafter referred to as
the "transferee" which expression shall where the context so admits be deemed to include their
respective heirs, executors, administrators, representatives and permitted assigns)
When the transferee is a registered firm.....(Name and address of all the partners all carrying
on business in partnership under the firm name and style of )......(Name of the firm) registered
under the Indian Partnership Act, 1932 (9 of 1932) and having their registered office at..........
(hereinafter referred to as the "transferee" which expression where the context so admits be
deemed to include all the said partners, their respective heirs, executors, legal representatives and
permitted assigns).
When the transferee is a registered company......(Name of the company) a company registered
under....(Act under which incorporated) and having its registered office at (Address)(hereinafter
referred to as the "transferee" which expression shall where the context so admits be deemed to
include its successors and permitted assigns) of the second part.
AND
The Governor of.......(hereinafter referred to as the 'State Government' which expression
shall where the context so admits be deemed to include the successors and assigns) of the third
part.
Whereas by virtue of an indenture of licence dated the ........and registered as No.......on
(date) in the office of the Sub-registrar of .........(place) (hereinafter referred to as licensor) the
progoma; whereof is attached hereto and marked 'A' entered into between the State Government
(therein called the licensor) and the transferor (therein called the licensee), the transferor is
entitled to search for, the minerals in respect of.....(Name of minerals(s) in the lands described in
the Schedule thereto and also in schedule annexed hereto for the term and subject to the payment
of prospecting and other fees and royalties and observance and performance of the licensee's
convenant and conditions in the said deed of licence reserved and contained including a covenant
not to assign the licence or any interest thereunder without the previous sanction of the State
Government.
And Where as the transferor is now desirous of transfered assigning the licence to the
transfers and then State Government has, at the request of the transferor, granted permission to
the transferor vide order No.........dated ......to such a transfer and assignment of the licence upon
the condition of the transferee entering into an agreement in and containing the terms and
conditions hereinafter setforth.
Now this Deed Witnessed as follows:
1.
The transferee hereby covenants with the State Government that from and after the
transfer and assignment of the licence, the transferce shall be bound by, and be liable to perform,
observe and conform and be subject to all the provisions of all the covenants, stipulations and
conditions contained in said hereinbefore recited licence in the same manner in all respects as if
the licence had been granted to the transferee as the licensee thereunder and he had originally
executed it as such.
2.
It is further hereby agreed and declared by the transferor of the one part and the transferee
of the other part that –
(i)
the transferor and the transferee declare that they have ensured that the mineral rights
over the area for which the prospecting licence is being transferred vest in the State
Government.
(ii)
the transferor hereby declares that he has not assigned, subject, mortgaged or in any
othernner transferred the prospecting licence now being transferred and that no other
person or persons has any right,title or interest where under in the present prospecting
lincence being transferred.
(iii) the transferor further declares that he has not entered into or made any agreement, or
understandings whereby he had been or is being directly or indirectly financed to
substantial extent by or under which the transferor's operation or understandings were or
are being substantially controlled by any person or body or persons other than the
transferor.
(iv)
the transferee hereby declares that he has accepted all the conditions and liabilities which
the transferor was having in respect of such prosecting licence;
(v)
the transferee further declares that he is financially capable of and will directly undertake
prospecting operations;
(vi)
the transferee further declares that he has filed an affidavit stating that he has fileld date
come-tax-returns,paid the income tax assessed on him and paid selfprovided in the Income Tax Act, 1961
(vii) the transferor has supplied to the transferee the original/or certified copies of all plans of
exploration and abandoned pits in the area and in a belt of 65 meters wide surrounding it.
(viii) the transferee hereby further declares that as a consequence of this transfer, the total
areas held by him under mineral concessions are not in contravention of section 6 of the
Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act, 1957 (67 of 1957);
(ix)
the transferor has paid all the prospecting and other fees, royalties, and other dues
towards Government till this date, in respect of this license.
In witness whereof the parties hereto have signed on the date and year first above written.
SCHEDULE
Location and area of the licence:
All that tract of lands situated at.... (Description of areea)..in..(Pargana)...in....the
District..sub-District....and Thana ......bearing Cadestral Survey Nos.......Containing an area
of...or thereabout delineated on the plan hereto annexed and thereon coloured.......;and bounded
as follows :
ON THE NORTH BY
ON THE SOUTH BY
ON THE EAST BY
AND
ON THE WEST BY
Signed by
For and on behalf of the State Government in presence of
1.
2.
Signature of transferor in the presence of witnesses
1.
2.
Signature of Transferee in the presence of
1.
2.
Signature of Transfree in the presence of
1.
2.
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2200
17500
14000
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4250
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1200
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