Modern European History reading list Philosophy and History of History - Foucault, The History of Sexuality Antoinette Burton, Archive Stories Ann Laura Stoler, Along the Archival Grain Hayden White, Tropics of Discourse Peter Novick, That Noble Dream Geoff Eley, A Crooked Line Kathleen Canning, Gender History in Practice William Sewell, Logics of History: Social Theory and Social Transformation Joan W. Scott, Gender and the Politics of History Denise Riley, Am I That Name: Feminism and the Category of Women in History Frederick Cooper, Colonialism in Question Dominick LaCapra, Writing Trauma, Writing History Johannes Fabian, Time and the Other: How Anthropology Makes Its Object James Clifford and George Marcus, eds., Writing Culture: the Poetics and Politics of Ethnography Edward Said, Orientalism Dipesh Chakrabarty, Provincializing Europe David Harvey, The Postmodern Condition: An Enquiry into the Origins of Cultural Change Enlightenment - Peter Dear, Revolutionizing the Sciences: European Knowledge and Its Ambitions, 1500-1700 Steve Shapin, The Scientific Revolution Steve Shapin and Simon Schaeffer, Leviathan and the Air-Pump: Hobbes, Boyle and the Experimental Life Jonathan Israel, A Revolution of the Mind: Radical Enlightenment and the Intellectual Origins of Modern Democracy Sarah Maza, The Myth of the French Bourgeoisie: an Essay on the Social Imaginary, 1750-1850 Dena Goodman, The Republic of Letters: A Cultural History of the French Enlightenment Jurgen Habermas, The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere Dan Edelstein, The Enlightenment: A Genealogy Darrin McMahon, Enemies of the Enlightenment: The French CounterEnlightenment and the Making of Modernity David Brion Davis, The Problem of Slavery in the Age of Revolution, 1770-1823 Susan Buck-Morss, Haiti, History and Universal History Sankar Muthu, Enlightenment Against Empire 1 - David Sorkin, The Religious Enlightenment: Protestants, Jews and Catholics from London to Vienna Larry Wolff, Inventing Eastern Europe: the Map of Civilization on the Mind of the Enlightenment The French Revolution - Gary Kates, The French Revolution: Recent Debates and New Controversies Georges Lefebvre, The Coming of the French Revolution Francois Furet, Interpreting the French Revolution Georges Rudé, The Crowd in History Arno Mayer, The Furies: Violence and Terror in the French and Russian Revolutions Robert Darnton, The Great Cat Massacre Timothy Tackett, Becoming Revolutionary: the Deputies of the French National Assembly and the Emergence of a Revolutionary Culture Lynn Hunt, The Family Romance of the French Revolution Suzanne Desan, The Family on Trial in Revolutionary France Keith Michael Baker, Inventing the French Revolution: Essays on French Political Culture in the 18th Century Laurent Dubois, A Colony of Citizens: Revolution and Slave Emancipation in the French Caribbean, 1787-1804 Jeremy Popkin, You Are All Free: The Haitian Revolution and the Abolition of Slavery David Bell, The First Total War: Napoleon’s Europe and the Birth of Warfare as We Know It Dan Edelstein, The Terror of Natural Right: Republicanism, the Cult of Nature and France Joan Landes, Visualizing the Nation: Gender, Representation and Revolution in 18th Century France Peter Davis, The Debate on the French Revolution Industrialism - William Sewell, Work and Revolution in France: the Language of Labor from the Old Regime to 1848 Geoff Eley, Forging Democracy: The History of the Left in Europe, 1850-2000 Donald Reid, Paris Sewers and Sewermen: Realities and Representations Patrick Joyce, Visions of the People: Industrial England and the Question of Class, 1848-1914 Kathleen Canning, Languages of Labor and Gender: Female Factory Work in Germany, 1850-1914 E.P. Thompson, Customs in Common: Studies in Traditional Popular Culture E.P. Thompson, The Making of the English Working Class Eric Hobsbawm, Industry and Empire: The Birth of the Industrial Revolution 2 - Gareth Stedman Jones, Languages of Class: Studies of English Working Class History, 1832-1982 Harold Perkin, The Origins of Modern English Society Anna Clark, The Struggle for the Breeches: Gender and the Making of the British Working Class Sonya Rose, Limited Livelihoods: Gender and Class in 19th Century England David Landes, The Unbound Prometheus Steven Beaudoin, The Industrial Revolution Kenneth Pomeranz, The Great Divergence: China, Europe and the Making of the Modern World Economy Nations and Nationalism - Jonathan Sperber, The European Revolutions, 1848-1851 Jeremy King, Budweisers into Czechs and Germans: a Local History of Bohemian Politics, 1848-1948 Timothy Snyder, The Reconstruction of Nations: Poland, Ukraine, Lithuania, Belarus, 1569-1999 Eugen Weber, Peasants into Frenchmen: the Modernization of Rural France, 1870-1914 Rogers Brubaker, Citizenship and Nationhood in France and Germany Benedict Anderson, Imagined Communities Eric Hobsbawm and Terrence Ranger, Invented Traditions Eric Hobsbawm, Nations and Nationalism since 1780 David Bell, The Cult of the Nation in France: Inventing Nationalism, 1680-1800 Geoff Eley and Ronald Grigor Suny, Becoming National: a Reader George L. Mosse, Nationalism and Sexuality: Respectability and Abnormal Sexuality in Modern Europe Anthony D. Smith, The Nation in History Ernest Gellner, Nations and Nationalism Alon Confino, The Nation as Local Metaphor: Wurttemberg, Imperial Germany and National Memory Linda Colley, Britons: Forging the Nation, 1707-1837 Rogers Brubaker, Ethnicity Without Groups Gender and Sexuality in the 19th Century - Mary Poovey, Uneven Developments: the Ideological Work of Gender in MidVictorian England Sharon Marcus, Between Women: Friendship, Desire and Marriage in Victorian England Leonore Davidoff and Catherine Hall, Family Fortunes: Men and Women of the Middle Class, 1780-1850 Joan W. Scott, Only Paradoxes to Offer: French Feminists and the Rights of Man 3 - Seth Koven, Slumming: Sexual and Social Politics in Victorian London Susan Kingsley Kent, Sex and Suffrage in Britain, 1860-1914 Susan Kingsley Kent, Gender and Power in Britain, 1660-1990 Thomas Laqueur, Making Sex: Body and Gender from the Greeks to Freud George Mosse, The Image of Man: the Creation of Modern Masculinity Robert Nye, ed., Sexuality Robert Nye, Masculinity and Male Codes of Honor in Modern France Matt Cook, London and the Culture of Homosexuality, 1885-1914 Graham Robb, Strangers: Homosexual Love in the 19th Century Nancy Wingfield and Maria Bucur, Gender and War in Twentieth Century Eastern Europe Judith Walkowitz, City of Dreadful Delight: Narratives of Sexual Danger in Late Victorian London Judith Surkis, Sexing the Citizen: Morality and Masculinity in France, 1870-1920 19th Century Culture: Visual, Musical and Commercial Culture - Rudy Koshar, ed., Histories of Leisure Wolfgang Schivelbusch, The Railway Journey: the Industrialization of Space and Time Jonathan Crary, Suspensions of Perception: Attention, Spectacle and Modern Culture T.J. Clark, The Painting of Modern Life: Paris in the Art of Manet and His Followers T.J. Clark, The Absolute Bourgeois: Artists and Politics in France, 1848-1851 David Harvey, Paris, Capital of Modernity Patrick Joyce, The Rule of Freedom: Liberalism and the Modern City Thomas Richards, The Commodity Culture of Victorian England: Advertising and Spectacle, 1851-1914 Carl Schorske, Fin-de-Siecle Vienna: Politics and Culture Stephen Kern, The Culture of Time and Space: 1880-1918 Colin Campbell, The Romantic Ethic and the Spirit of Modern Consumerism Geoff Eley, Society, Culture and the State in Germany, 1870-1930 Vanessa Schwartz, Spectacular Realities: Early Mass Culture in Fin-de-Siecle Paris Peter Fritzsche, Reading Berlin 1900 Arno Mayer, The Persistence of the Old Regime: Europe to the Great War Owen Chadwick, The Secularization of the European Mind in the 19th Century Rosalind Williams, Dreamworlds: Mass Consumption in Late Nineteenth Century France Erika Rappaport, Shopping for Pleasure: Women in the Making of London’s West End Deborah Cohen, Household Goods: The British and Their Possessions Science and Medicine 4 - Anson Rabinbach, The Human Motor: Energy, Fatigue and the Origins of Modernity Daniel Pick, Faces of Degeneration: A European Disorder, 1848-1918 Mary Poovey, A History of the Modern Fact Stephen Jay Gould, The Mismeasure of Man Sander Gilman, Difference and Pathology: Stereotypes of Sexuality, Race and Madness Daniel Kevles, In the Name of Eugenics: Genetics and the Uses of Human Heredity Jan Goldstein, The Post-Revolutionary Self: Politics and Psyche in France, 17501850 Roy Porter, Flesh in the Age of Reason: the Modern Foundations of Body and Soul George Fredrickson, Racism: A Short History Neil MacMaster, Racism in Europe: 1870-2000 Albert Lindemann and Richard Levy, eds., Antisemitism: A History Jacob Katz, From Prejudice to Destruction: Anti-Semitism, 1700-1933 Norman Naimark, Fires of Hatred: Ethnic Cleansing in 20th Century Europe Leon Poliakov, The Aryan Myth George Mosse, Toward the Final Solution: a History of European Racism David Arnold, Science, Technology and Medicine in Colonial India Colonialism and Imperialism - Andrew Zimmerman, Alabama in Africa: Booker T. Washington, the German Empire and the Globalization of the New South J.P. Daughton, An Empire Divided: Religion, Republicanism and the Making of French Colonialism, 1880-1914 Frederick Cooper and Jane Burbank, Empires in World History: Power and the Politics of Difference David Prochaska, Making Algeria French: Colonialism in Bone, 1870-1920 Kathleen Wilson, Island Race: Englishness, Empire and Gender in the 18th Century Patricia M.E. Lorcin, Imperial Identities: Stereotyping, Prejudice and Race in Colonial Algeria Lora Wildenthal, German Women for Empire, 1884-1945 Patrizia Palumbo, A Place in the Sun: Africa in Italian Colonial Culture from Post-Unification to the Present Julia Clancy-Smith and Frances Gouda, Domesticating the Empire: Race, Gender and Family Life in French and Dutch Colonialism Robert Aldrich, Colonialism and Homosexuality Eric Ames, Carl Hagenbeck’s Empire of Entertainments Mrinalini Sinha, Specters of Mother India: The Global Restructuring of an Empire Bonnie Smith, ed., Women’s History in Global Perspective, Volume 1 5 - Richard Price, Making Empire: Colonial Encounters and the Creation of Imperial Rule in 19th Century Africa Philippa Levine, The British Empire: Sunrise to Sunset Antoinette Burton, Burdens of History: British Feminists, Indian Women and Imperial Culture, 1865-1914 Elizabeth Thompson, Colonial Citizens: Republican Rights, Paternal Privilege and Gender in French Syria and Lebanon Elisa Camiscoli, Reproducing the French Race: Immigration, Intimacy and Embodiment in the Early 20th Century Lata Mani, Contentious Traditions: the Debate on Sati in Colonial India Ann McClintock, Imperial Leather: Race, Gender and Sexuality in the Colonial Contest Alice Conklin, A Mission to Civilize: the Republican idea of Empire in France and West Africa Gary Wilder, The French Imperial Nation-State Ann Laura Stoler, Carnal Knowledge and Imperial Power: Race and the Intimate in Colonial Rule Frederick Cooper and Ann Laura Stoler, Tensions of Empire: Colonial Cultures in a Bourgeois World Niall Ferguson, Empire: the Rise and Demise of the British World Order Linda Colley, Captives: Britain, Empire and the World, 1600-1850 Catherine Hall, Civilizing Subjects: Metropolose and Colony in the English Imagination, 1830-1867 Philippa Levine, ed., Gender and Empire Thomas Holt, The Problem of Emancipation: Race, Labor and Politics in Jamaica and Britain, 1832-1938 Christopher Brown, Moral Capital: the Foundations of British Abolitionism Phyllis Martin, Leisure and Society in Colonial Brazzaville James Clifford, The Predicament of Culture: Twentieth Century Ethnography, Literature and Art World War I - Isabel Hull, Absolute Destruction: Military Culture and the Practices of War in Imperial Germany Stephane Audoin-Rouzeau and Annette Becker, 14-18: Understanding the Great War Jay Winter, Sites of Memory, Sites of Mourning: the Great War in European Cultural History Jay Winter and Jean-Louis Robert, eds., Capital Cities at War: Paris, London, Berlin, 1914-1919 Daniel Sherman, The Construction of Memory in Interwar France Gregory Mann, Native Sons: West African Veterans and France in the Twentieth Century 6 - Robert Wohl, The Generation of 1914 Modris Eksteins, Rites of Spring: the Great War and the Birth of the Modern World Paul Fussel, The Great War and Modern Memory Belinda Davis, Home Fires Burning: Food, Politics and Everyday Life in World War I Berlin Maureen Healy, Vienna and the Fall of the Hapsburg Empire: Total War and Everyday Life in World War I George Mosse, Fallen Soldiers: Reshaping the Memory of the World Wars Soviet Revolution - Eric Naiman, Sex in Public: the Incarnation of Early Soviet Ideology Dan Healey, Homosexual Desire in Revolutionary Russia: the Regulation of Sexual and Gender Dissent Terry Martin, The Affirmative Action Empire: Nations and Nationalism in the Soviet Union, 1923-1929 Jochen Hellbeck, Revolution on My Mind: Writing a Diary Under Stalin Boris Groys, The Total Art of Stalinism: Avant-Garde, Aesthetic Dictatorhisp and Beyond T.J. Clark, “Painting in the Year 2” in Farewell to an Idea: Episodes from a History of Modernism Richard Stites, Revolutionary Dreams: Utopian Vision and Experimental Life in the Russian Revolution Sheila Fitzpatrick, The Russian Revolution Sheila Fitzpatrick, Everyday Stalinism Stephen Kotkin, Magnetic Mountain: Stalinism as Civilization Francine Hirsch, Empire of Nations: Ethnographic Knowledge and the Making of the Soviet Union Igar Halfin, From Darkness to Light: Class, Consciousness and Salvation in Revolutionary Russia Donald Raleigh, Experiencing Russia’s Civil War: Politics, Society and Revolutionary Culture in Saratov, 1917-1922 Ronald Grigor Suny, The Soviet Experiment: Russian, the USSR and the Successor States Ronald Grigor Suny, ed., The Structure of Soviet History: Essays and Documents Interwar Period - Mark Mazower, Dark Continent: Europe’s 20th Century Peter Gay, Weimar Culture: the Insider as Outsider Eugen Weber, The Hollow Years: France in the 1930s Eric Weitz, Weimar Germany: Promise and Tragedy 7 - Richard Overy, The Inter-War Crisis, 1919-1939 Susan Whitney, Mobilizing Youth: Communists and Catholics in Interwar France Joseph Rothschild, East Central Europe Between the Two World Wars Fascism - Hannah Arendt, The Origins of Totalitarianism Peter Fritzsche, Germans into Nazis Detlev Peukert, Inside Nazi Germany: Conformism, Opportunity and Racism in Everyday Life Ian Kershaw, The Nazi Dictatorship: Problems and Perspectives of Interpretation Robert Gellately, Backing Hitler: Consent and Coercion in Nazi Germany David Crew, Nazism and German Society, 1933-1945 Ruth Ben-Ghiat, Fascist Modernities: Italy, 1923-1945 Marc Bloch, Strange Defeat Julian Jackson, France: the Dark Years, 1940-1944 Eric Jennings, Vichy in the Tropics: Petain’s National Revolution in Indochina, Madagascar and Guadeloupe Zeev Sternhell, Neither Right nor Left: Fascist Ideology in France Zeev Sternhell, The Birth of Fascist Ideology John Sweets, Choices in Vichy France: The French Under Nazi Occupation Michael Marrus and Robert Paxton, Vichy France and the Jews Robert Paxton, Anatomy of Fascism Martin Blinkhorn, Fascism: Theories and Interpretations Michael Mann, Fascists Stanley Payne, A History of Fascism, 1914-1945 Roger Griffin, Modernism and Fascism Roger Griffin, The Nature of Fascism Victoria de Grazia, How Fascism Ruled Women: Italy, 1922-1945 Claudia Koonz, Mothers in the Fatherland Robert Paxton, Vichy France: Old Guard and New Order, 1940-1944 The Holocaust and Its Memory - Peter Baldwin, Hitler, Holocaust and the Historians Richard Evans, In Hitler's Shadow: West German Historians and the Attempt to Escape the Nazi Past Marion Kaplan, Between Dignity and Despair: Jewish Life in Nazi Germany Saul Friedlander, Nazi Germany and the Jews, Vols. 1 and 2 Saul Friedlander, When Memory Comes Alice Kaplan, The Collaborator: the Trial and Execution of Robert Brasillach Michael Rothberg, Multidirectional Memory: Remembering the Holocaust in the Age of Decolonization Julian Jackson, The Dark Years, 1940-1944 8 - Susan Rubin Suleiman, Crises of Memory and the Second World War Tina Campt, Other Germans: Black Germans and the Politics of Race, Gender and Memory in the Third Reich Jeffrey Herf, Divided Memory: The Nazi Past in the Two Germanys Henry Rousso, The Vichy Syndrome: History and Memory in France since 1944 Omer Bartov, The Holocaust: Origins, Implementation, Aftermath Jan Gross, Neighbors Wistrich, review of Gross’ Neighbors Polonsky and Michlic, The Neighbors Respond: the Controversy over the Jedwabne Massacre in Poland Christopher Browning, Ordinary Men Daniel Goldhagen, Hitler’s Willing Executioners Ian Kershaw, Hitler, the Germans and the Final Solution Michael Burleigh and Wolfgang Wippermann, The Racial State: Germany, 19331945 Helmut Walser Smith, “Where the Sonderweg Debate Left Us,” German Studies Review 31.2 (May 2008) Mark Mazower, Hitler’s Empire: How the Nazis Ruled Europe Gotz Aly, Architects of the Final Solution: Auschwitz and the Logic of Destruction Robert Gellately and Nathan Stoltzfus, eds., Social Outsiders in Nazi Germany Yehuda Bauer, Rethinking the Holocaust Zygmund Bauman, Modernity and the Holocaust Bridenthal, Grossmann, Kaplan, eds., When Biology Became Destiny: Women in Weimar and Nazi Germany Fogu, Lebow, Kansteiner, eds., The Politics of Memory in Postwar Europe The Postwar Period - Tony Judt, Postwar: A History of Europe since 1945 Richard Kuisel, Seducing the French: the Dilemma of Americanization Maria Hohn, GIs and Frauleins: the German-American Encounter in 1950s West Germany Richard Jobs, Riding the New Wave: Youth and the Rejuvenation of France after the World War Kristin Ross, Fast Cars, Clean Bodies: Decolonization and the Reordering of French Culture Robert Moeller, War Stories: The Search for a Usable Past in the Federal Republic of Germany Uta Poiger, Jazz, Rock and Rebels: Cold War Politics and American Culture in a Divided Germany Vanessa Schwartz, It’s So French!: Hollywood, Paris and the Making of a Cosmopolitan Film Culture Chin, Fehrenbach, Eley and Grossmann, After the Nazi Racial State: Difference and Democracy in Germany and Europe 9 - Atina Grossmann, Jews, Germans and Allies: Close Encounters in Occupied Germany Heide Fehrenbach, Race After Hitler: Black Occupation Children in Postwar Germany and America Axel Schildt and Detlef Siegfriend, eds., Between Marx and Coca-Cola: Youth Culture in Changing European Societies, 1960-1980 Hanna Schisler, ed., The Miracle Years: A Cultural History of West Germany, 1949-1968 - Decolonization - James Le Sueur, Uncivil Wars: Intellectuals and Identity Politics During the Decolonization of Algeria Todd Shepard, The Invention of Decolonization: the Algerian War and the Remaking of France Odd Arne Westad, The Global Cold War: Third World Interventions and the Making of Our Times Herman Lebovics, Bringing the Empire Back Home: France in the Global Age Mark Mazower, No Enchanted Place: The End of Empire and the Ideological Origins of the United Nations Martin Shipway, Decolonization and Its Impact: A Comparative Approach to the End of the Colonial Empires James Le Sueur, ed., The Decolonization Reader The 1960s - Kristin Ross, May ’68 and Its Afterlives Fink, Gassert, Junker, Mattern, eds., 1968: the World Transformed Martin Klimke, The Other Alliance: Student Protest in West Germany and the United States in the Global Sixties Martin Klimke and Joachim Scharloth, ed., 1968 in Europe: A History of Protest and Activism, 1956-1977 Andrew Feenberg and Jim Freedman, When Poetry Ruled the Streets: the French May Events of 1968 Jeremi Suri, Power and Protest: Global Revolution and the Rise of Detente Jeremy Varon, Bringing the War Home: the Weather Underground, the Red Army Faction and the Revolutionary Violence in the Sixties and Seventies Kieran Williams, The Prague Spring and Its Aftermath: Czechoslovak Politics, 1968-1970 Gerd-Rainer Horn, The Spirit of ’68: Rebellion in Western Europe and North America, 1956-1976 Hand Kundnani, Utopia or Auschwitz: Germany’s 1968 Generation and the Holocaust 10 - Arthur Marwick, The Sixties: Cultural Transformations in Britain, France, Italy and the United States, 1958-1974 Barry Eichengreen, The European Economy since 1945: Coordinated Capitalism and Beyond Gender and Sexuality in the 20th Century - Mary Louise Roberts, Civilization Without Sexes: Reconstructing Gender in Postwar France, 1917-1927 Susan Pedersen, Family, Dependence and the Origins of the Welfare State: Britian and France, 1914-1945 Julian Jackson, Living in Arcadia: Homosexuality, Politics and Morality in France from the Liberation to AIDS Jeffrey Merrick and Bryant Ragan, eds., Homosexuality in Modern France Carolyn Dean, The Frail Social Body: Pornography, Homosexuality and Other Fantasies in Interwar France Dagmar Herzog, Sex after Fascism: Memory and Morality in 20th C. Germany Matt Houlbrook, Queer London: Perils and Pleasures in the Sexual Metropolis, 1918-1957 Laura Levine Frader, Breadwinners and Citizens: Gender in the Making of the French Social Model Elizabeth Heineman, What Difference Does a Husband Make?: Women and Marital Status in Nazi and Postwar Germany Atina Grossmann, Reforming Sex: the German Movement for Birth Control and Abortion Reform, 1920-1950 The End of Communism - Istvan Rev, Retroactive Justice: Prehistory of Post-Communism Katherine Verdery, The Political Lives of Dead Bodies: Reburial and PostSocialist Change Katherine Verdery, What was Socialism and What Comes Next? Stephen Kotkin, Armageddon Averted: the Soviet Collapse, 1970-2000 Padraic Kenney, Carnival of Revolution: Central Europe 1989 Alexei Yurchak, Everyting Was Forever, Until it Was No More: the Last Soviet Generation Istvan Deak, Jan Gross and Tony Judt, The Politics of Retribution in Europe: World War II and Its Aftermath Jan Gross, Fear: Anti-Semitism in Poland after Auschwitz Timothy Garton Ash, The Magic Lantern: the Revolution of ‘89 Stephen Kotkin and Jan Gross, Uncivil Society: 1989 and the Implosion of the Communist Establishment Yuri Slezkine, The Jewish Century 11 - James Sheehan, Where Have All the Soldiers Gone?: The Transformation of Modern Europe Immigration, Postcolonialism and Multicultural Europe - Rita Chin, The Guest Worker Question in Postwar Germany Ika Huegel-Marshall, Invisible Woman: Growing Up Black in Germany May Optitz, Katharina Oguntoye and Dagmar Schultz, eds., Showing Our Colors: Afro-German Women Speak Out Ruth Mandel, Cosmopolitan Anxieties: Turkish Challenges to Citizenship and Belonging in Germany Deniz Gokturk, David Gramling, Anton Kaes, eds., Germany in Transit: Nation and Migration, 1955-2005 Paul Gilroy, There Ain’t No Black in the Union Jack: the Cultural Politics of Race and Nation Joan Scott, Politics of the Veil Paul Silverstein, Algeria in France: Transpolitics, Race and Nation Dominic Thomas, Black France: Colonialism, Immigration and Transnationalism Laurent Dubois, Soccer Empire: the World Cup and the Future of France Alec Hargreaves, Multi-Ethnic France: Immigration, Politics, Culture and Society Jim House and Neil MacMaster, Paris 1961: Algerians, State Terror and Memory Samuel Moyn, The Last Utopia: Human Rights in History Ian Buruma, Murder in Amsterdam: Liberal Europe, Islam and the Limits of Tolerance Tony Judt, A Grand Illusion?: An Essay on Europe 12