Министерство образования Российской Федерации
Алтайский государственный технический университет
им.И.И.Ползунова
УЧЕБНОЕ ПОСОБИЕ
по развитию навыков устной речи для студентов II курса
технических специальностей
Издательство АлтГТУ
Барнаул 2004
Методические указания по развитию навыков устной речи для
студентов технических специальностей II курса / И.Ю. Абухова, Т.И.
Булгакова, М.А. Глазун, Н.В. Гончарова-Ипполитова, , З.А. Дегтярева,
Л.В. Киселева.
Алт.гос.техн.ун-т им.И.И.Ползунова. - Барнаул: Изд-во АлтГТУ,
2004 -36 с.
2
Travelling
I. Words and word combinations to be remembered:
1. to overcome
преодолеть
2. in the twinkle of an eye
в мгновение ока
3. to travel on business
путешествовать по
делу
4. to travel for pleasure
путешествовать для
удовольствия
5. to begin with
прежде всего, начнет
с того, что
6. the ruins of ancient towns
развалины древних
городов
7. for a change of scene
для смены
обстановки
8. different ways of life
разные стили жизни
9. to look at shop windows
рассматривать
витрины магазинов
10. a city dweller
городской житель
11. to laze in the sun
нежиться на солнце
12. advantages
преимущества
13. disadvantages
недостатки
14. enjoyable
приносящий радость
15. means of travelling
способы
путешествовать
16. a 4-deck liner
четырехпалубный
лайнер
17. a drawback
недостаток
18. seasickness
морская болезнь
19. to reserve tickets
резервировать,
бронировать билеты
20. hiking
пеший туризм
21. to climb a mountain
взбираться на гору
22. to feel oneself a part of nature
чувствовать частью
природы
23. a tent
палатка
24. a holiday-maker
отдыхающий,
отпускник
25. to take pictures of smth.
делать снимки
26. to be reminded by the photos
вспоминать, глядя на
фотографии
3
27.
28.
29.
30.
in advance
overnight train
fast train
a berth
-
31. a sleeper
32. to be due to arrive
-
заранее
ночной поезд
скорый поезд
полка (в вагоне),
спальное место
спальный вагон
должен прибывать по
расписанию
II. Read, translate and retell the text:
Travelling
The scientific and technological progress of the 20 th century has allowed people to overcome time and distance in the twinkle of an eye. Now
modern life is impossible without travelling. Millions of people travel every
day either on business or for pleasure. To begin with most of us travel every
day to our schools, offices and factories. From time to time we have to go to
another city or country on business. Then after a year’s work people get a
holiday and they don’t like to spend it at home.
Many people all over the world spend their holidays travelling. They
travel to see other countries and continents, modern cities and the ruins of
ancient towns. They travel to enjoy picturesque places, or just for a change
of scene. It is always interesting to discover new things, different ways of
life, to meet different people, to try different food, to listen to different musical rhythms.
Those who live in the country like to go to a big city and spend their
time visiting museums and art galleries, looking at shop windows and dining
at exotic restaurants. City dwellers usually like a quiet holiday by the sea or
in the mountains with nothing to do but walk and bath and laze in the sun.
People can travel by plane, by train, by boat or by car.
Of course, travelling by plane is the fastest and the most convenient
way, but it is the most expensive too. Travelling by train is slower than by
plane but it has its advantages. You can see much more interesting places of
the country you are travelling through. Modern trains have very comfortable
seats. There are also sleeping cars and dining cars that make even the longest journey enjoyable. Speed, comfort and safety are the main advantages of
trains and planes. That is why many people prefer them to all other means.
Travelling by boat is popular mostly for pleasure trips. On board of
river ships you can visit different places of interest within your own country.
On board of large cruise ships people can get across oceans and visit other
countries. Ships stop for a day or two in different ports and people go on the
shore for excursions. Crossing the ocean is a magnificent voyage with
4
enormous waves before you and a 4-deck liner under you. The only drawback is seasickness. So before starting on a voyage you should find out
whether you suffer from it or not.
Many people prefer travelling by car. This way of travelling is very
convenient. You needn’t reserve tickets, needn’t carry heavy suitcases and
you can stop wherever you wish and spend at any place as much time as you
like.
The cheapest and one of the most popular ways of travelling is hiking.
It is always a great experience for a lover of nature. Walking through the
wood or along the river, having a rest on the shore of forest lake, climbing a
mountain you feel yourself a part of nature. You can place yourself in a tent
and enjoy fresh air and the sun all day long.
Most travellers have a camera with them and take pictures of everything that interest them. Later they will be reminded by the photos of the
happy time they have had.
All means of travelling have their advantages and disadvantages. People choose one according to their plans and destination. When travelling we
see and learn a lot of things that we can never see or learn at home.
III. Read, translate and reproduce the dialogues:
At the Inquiry office
-
Good morning.
Good morning, sir.
I’ve found from this time-table that there are several trains to Novosibirsk daily.
Yes, quite so.
Is there a sleeper on the overnight train which leaves at 11.45 p.m.?
Yes, the train has sleeping accommodation.
What time does the train get to Novosibirsk?
It’s due to arrive in Novosibirsk at 5.10 a.m. It usually runs on time.
Is there a dining car attached to this train?
Yes, of course.
Thank you for the information..
-
I’d like two tickets to Moscow for tomorrow.
Which train?
The 23.15 fast train.
In a sleeper?
Yes, of course. And in a non-smoker, please.
Single or return?
At the booking-office
5
-
-
-
Two return tickets, please.
Just a minute. Let me see. Yes, I can give you two upper berths in one
compartment.
Can I have one lower berth?
No. There are only upper berths.
O.K. How much are they?
Two return tickets are 8000 rubles. Here they are.
Thank you.
***
Good morning, John! Where are you going?
Good morning, Mike! I’m going to the railway station.
Are you going anywhere?
Yes. I’m going to the Crimea for holidays.
Don’t you want to go there by train? It is so far. And it will take you a
lot of time to get there by train.
Never mind. I like to travel by train.
And why don’t you want to go by plane?
It is very expensive for me to travel by plane. Besides, travelling by
train you can see many picturesque places of the country you are travelling through.
But you will have to spend a lot of time with unknown people in one
compartment.
You know, I like to make acquaintance with people. And I think I’ll
have a good time speaking to them about different things.
Really? Then it’ll be better for you to go to the Crimea by train. Have a
comfortable journey!
Thank you. Bye-bye!
IV. Answer the questions:
1. Are you fond of travelling?
2. What do people travel for?
3. How do people living in the country spend their holidays?
4. What do city dwellers usually like to do on the holidays?
5. Why do people choose different means of travelling?
6. Why do some people choose planes for travelling?
7. Do you like to travel by train? Why?
8. What are advantages of travelling by train?
9. What are advantages of travelling by plane?
10. Would you like to go on a big ocean cruise? Why?
11. Why can it be convenient to travel by car?
6
12. If you could spend a hiking holiday wherever you like, what place
would you choose?
V. Ask your friend:
1. какой вид путешествия он предпочитает
2. где можно купить билеты
3. ездил ли он в морской круиз
4. хочет ли он попробовать пищу другой страны
5. страдает ли он от морской болезни
6. любит он путешествовать по делу или ради удовольствия
7. почему многие люди предпочитают пеший туризм
8. хочет ли он съездить в другую страну
9. куда бы он хотел поехать в отпуск, если бы он жил за городом
покупает он билет в один конец или туда и обратно, когда едет куданибудь в отпуск
7
Meals. Eating Out.
I. Words and word-combinations to be remembered:
1. bacon
бекон
2. boil
варить, кипятить;
3. boiled
отварной
4. boiled eggs
вареные яйца
5. soft/hard boiled eggs
яйца всмятку/
крутые яйца
6. broil
жарить
на открытом огне
7. baked pudding of curds
запеканка из творога
8. buckwheat grits
гречневая каша
9. bake
печь
10. buffet
буфет
11. cafe
кафе
12. cafeteria
кафетерий
13. cake
пироженое, кекс
14. Easter cake
кулич
15. short cake
песочное пирожное
16. sponge cake
бисквитное пирож
ное
17. canteen
столовая(фабричная,
заводская)
18. casserole
запеканка
19. chop/cutlet
отбивная котлета
20. chicken
цыпленок
21. cocoa
какао
22. condensed milk
сгущенное молоко
23. chicken Kiev
котлеты по-киевски
24. cook
готовить
25. cup cake
пирожное корзинка
26. delicious
вкусный
27. drink
пить, напиток
28. to eat out
есть в ресторане,
кафе и пр.
29. fast food restaurant
ресторан быстрого
обслуживания
30. fish fillet
рыбное филе
31. fried
жареный( о рыбе,
овощах)
32. fried eggs
яичница
8
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
fry
favourite dish
garnish
groan with food
to have a sweet tooth
to have meals
-
39. to have breakfast/dinner/
supper
40. healthy food
41. to heat
42. home – made preserves
-
43. hot-pot
-
44.
45.
46.
47.
herring
to have a bite
to have smth for breakfast
juice (apple, tomato, orange,
apricot, pine-apple)
-
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
to lose weight
to put on weight
meat balls
to look through the menu
meat course
duck
goose
to make a scratch/
substantial breakfast
-
56. substantial breakfast
-
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
-
mashed potatoes
potatoes in jacket
mushrooms
noodle
macaroni
pancake
9
жарить
любимое блюдо
гарнир
ломиться от еды
быть сладкоежкой
есть, принимать
пищу
завтракать,обедать
ужинать
здоровая пища
подогревать
домашние
консервы
картошка с мясом
в горшочке
сельдь
перекусить
иметь на завтрак
сок(яблочный, томатный, апельси
новый, персико
вый, абрикосовый,
ананасовый)
худеть
поправиться
тефтели
просматривать меню
мясное блюдо
утка
гусь
приготовить
завтрак на скорую
руку/основательный
основательный
завтрак
картофельное пюре
картошка в мундире
грибы
лапша
макароны
блин, блинчик,
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
curd pancakes
paste
pickles
pickled
pie
patty
porridge
-
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
ravioli
rice cereal
recipe
to roast
roasted
Russian beet salad
salad (carrot, cucumber,
beetroot, egg, tomato, cabbage,
vegetable salad)
-
77. snack bar
78. semolina
79. soft drink/strong drink
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
85.
-
starter
spicy food
to stick to a diet
stuffed
stewed
soup(milk soup, mushroom soup,
chicken-noodle soup, fish soup, pea-soup)
86. to taste smth
87. to wait on smb
-
88. I’m thirsty
89. I’m hungry
90. I’m starving
10
оладьи
сырники
паста, паштет,
соленья, маринады
маринованный
пирог
пирожок
жидкая овсяная
каша
равиоли, пельмени
рисовая каша
рецепт
жарить, запекать
жареный(о мясе)
винегрет
салат(из моркови,
огурцов, свекла,
яиц, помидоров,
капусты, овощной
салат)
закусочная
манная каша
безалкоголь
ный/алкогольный
напиток
закуска
острая пища
соблюдать диету
фаршированный
тушенный
суп(молочный
суп, грибной суп,
куриный суп с
лапшой, уха,
гороховый суп)
пробовать что-либо
обслуживать коголибо
я хочу пить
я хочу есть
я очень хочу есть
(умираю от голода)
II. Read, translate and retell the text:
Meals
Living in Russia one cannot but stick to a Russian diet. Keeping this
diet for an Englishman is fatal. The Russians have meals four times a day
and their cuisine is quite intricate.
Every person starts his or her day with breakfast. Englishmen are sentenced to either a continental or an English breakfast. From the Russian
point of view, when one has it continental it actually means that one has no
breakfast at all, because it means drinking a cup of coffee and eating a bun.
A month of continental breakfasts for some Russians would mean starving.
The English breakfast is a bit better, as it consists of one or two fried eggs,
grilled sausages, bacon, tomatoes and mushrooms. The English have tea
with milk and toast with butter and marmalade. As a choice one may have
corn flakes with milk and sugar or porridge.
Round about 11 in the morning some Englishmen who work have their
tea or coffee break. In the morning Americans have a bowl of serial or bacon eggs, toast with jelly and a cup of tea or coffee. They also like pancakes
with maple syrup.Then at mid-day, say from I till 2, the city pavements are
full of people on their way to cafes. This is lunch time in Great Britain. At
lunch people seldom eat soup. Those who have lunch at home may eat
chicken or clear soup but not always. They usually have a meat course and a
sweet dish. Englishmen like steaks, chops, roast-beef, Yorkshire pudding or
fish and chips. A meat course is served with plenty of vegetables: peas,
beans, or cauliflower.
A sweat dish is perhaps fruit and pudding or a pie with tea to follow.
The usual noon time meal consists of something light, and quick to eat. It
could range from a hot, dog or hamburger from a restaurant or something
they have packed in a brown bag. Afternoon tea can hardly be called a meal.
Tea drinking is quite a tradition with the English. Strong tear is mostly
drunk with sugar and cream or milk. Such tea is known as English tea. Tea
with lemon is called Russian tea in England.
The evening meal, when all the family gather round the table after
their working day, goes under various names: tea, high tea, dinner or supper.
It is usually a meat course followed by tinned fruit or a cake and tea. In
Great Britain they have dinner at five or six. Soup may be served then, but
one should not be misled by the word "soup". British soup is just thin paste
and a portion is three times smaller than in Russia. A lot of British prefer to
eat out "Fish and Chips" shops are very popular with their take-away food.
11
The more sophisticated public goes to Chinese, Italian, seafood or other restaurants and experiments with shrimp, inedible vegetables and hot drinks.
When outing, that is on a picnic, the English load their lunches on baskets with all sorts of hamburgers or sandwiches made of slices of bread and
butter with ham, cheese, raw tomatoes, cabbage leaves in between. Americans seldom eat large lunches and don't enjoy very many "sweets".
In Russia people may have anything for breakfast. Some goodhumoured individuals even prefer soup, but, of course, sandwiches and coffee are very popular. Russians like fried or boiled potatoes with some sausage or ham or a chop (cutlet). Sometimes we prefer an omelette, boiled or
fried eggs or just some porridge.
The heart of a Russian person fills with joy when the hands of the
clock approach three o'clock. His or her dinner includes three courses. A
Russian will have a starter (salad, herring, cheese, etc.), soup, steaks, chops,
or fish fillets with garnish, a lot of bread, of course, and something to drink.
For the I-st course we eat chicken soup or cabbage soup (shchi), or beetroot
and cabbage 'soup (borshch), noodle soup or just broth. Some people choose
mushroom soup or fish-soup. For the 2-nd course Russians eat different
kinds of salad (meat salad, fish. salad, vegetable salad), fried, boiled or
stewed meat or fish. At times we cook a roast chicken, especially on holidays. For the 3-d course (for dessert) we have a glass of juice, a piece of a
cake or a pie (cookies) if we aren’t on a diet.
At four or five the Russians may have a bite: waffles, cakes with juice,
tea, cocoa, or something of the kind.
Supper in Russia means one more big meal at seven. The table groans
with food again. Some people prefer mashed potatoes with pickled or fresh
vegetables, such as tomatoes, cucumbers, carrots, onions (leek). Others eat
stewed cabbage with a beefsteak or fried liver or kidneys. Russians also like
stuffed peppers, tomatoes, squashes, potatoes. A special Russian dish is,
"pyelmeni", a kind of ravioli - small cases of pasta containing chopped
meat. After that we have a glass of milk or stewed fruit with biscuits,
crackers, or sweets (candies). But if you are thirsty you drink a coke, lemonade, some beer or even champagne.
Most Russians have never counted calories and they are deeply convinced that their food is healthy. Some housewives may admit that it takes
some time to prepare all the stuff, including pickles, home-made preserves
and traditional Russian pies and pancakes. But they don't seem to mind too
much and boil, fry, roast, grill, broil, bake and make. Paraphrasing a famous
proverb one can say:
“What is a Russian man's meal is a British man's poison”.
Americans often have dinner at about 5:00 p. m.
12
It is usually the largest meal of the day. It consists of milk, vegetable
and some type of meat. Americans also enjoy carrots, peas, spinach, beets,
tomatoes, green beans, squash and many other types of vegetables.
The meat could be chicken, turkey beef or pork. Many Americans enjoy a salad with their dinner. They either have vegetables from a can or they
buy them fresh from the supermarket.
Americans seldom have dessert and if, they do it is usually very light.
They seldom sit at the table and eat for very long; they “eat and run”.
But many people have different tastes and enjoy different food.
III. Read, translate and reproduce the dialogues:
Dialogue 1
At the Savoy restaurant:
Stanley: Let's study the menu now and see what's on it tonight.
Waiter: Good evening, gentlemen. Are you ready to order now?
Borisov: I'm afraid I don't understand the names of all dishes on the menu,
Mr Stanley. Could you help me and recommend what to take?
Stanley: With pleasure. H-m-m, would you like mushroom soup?
Borisov: No, thank you. I seldom eat soup in the evening.
Stanley: Then you can order roast-beef with fried potatoes. It's a traditional
English dish and it's usually delicious.
Borisov: Fine.
Waiter: How about you, sir?
Stanley: Well, I'm pretty hungry. I'll start with chicken soup, then I'd like a
steak with green salad. And bring us a bottle of red wine, please.
Waiter: Would you like to order dessert now? There is a choice of fruit or
ice-cream.
Borisov: I prefer fruit.
Stanley: So do I. What about some cheese?
Borisov: No cheese for me, thank you.
Stanley: I think I'll have some. And we'll finish with black coffee, if you
don't mind.
Borisov: That sounds nice.
Waiter: Thank you, gentlemen. 1 hope you'll enjoy yourselves.
Dialogue 2
P.: I say, Ben, how about having dinner together?
B.: Well, it’s just the right time. They serve good meals here and the prices
are quite reasonable.
P.: I’ve already reserved a table. Come along!
B.: What shall we take?
P.: You know what I’d like? A typical English dinner.
13
B.: O. K., then. What about a juicy piece of roast beef, just slightly underdone and Yorkshire pudding?
P.: All right. I'll try that.
B.: Good. We'll have roast beef to begin with and Yorkshire pudding to follow.
W.: Very good. Any drinks, sir?
P.: I wouldn't mind having a brandy.
B.: Well, brandy and coffee for two.
B.: Waiter, how much is our bill?
W.: One pound and ten pence.
B.: Here's a five pound note.
W.: Three pounds and ninety change.
B.: Right. Thanks.
W.: Thank you.
Dialogue 3
Mike: Hallo, Nick!
Nick: Hallo, Mike! I haven’t seen you for ages. Glad to see you again.
Mike: So am I. Let’s meet on Saturday. Mary and I have been to McDonald’s lately. The meals and beverages are fine. Let’s go there together.
Nick: They say that is not cheap, by the way.
Mike: Yes, it’s rather expensive but we can afford it now and then. I’m sure
you’ll enjoy it.
Nick: You’ve always been a gourmet. All right. I’ll call you and we’ll fix
the time. See you soon.
(On Saturday afternoon the two couples enter the restaurant hall)
Girl: Good afternoon! What would you like to have?
Mike: We’d like lunch with «Big Mac».
Mary: No, Mike. I want lunch with «Fillet of Fish». I like fish, you know.
Ann: So do I. I haven’t had fish for long.
Mike: O. K. What about dessert?
Ann: I think special ice–cream with strawberry syrup for all. Yes, and don’t
forget about milk shakes, please. They are delicious.
Mary: What are we going to drink? I want to taste «Sprite».
Mike: «Sprite» for four, please.
IV. Ask your friend:
1. сколько раз в день он (она) ест
2. предпочитает он (она) легкий завтрак или плотный
3. где он (она) обычно обедает
4. какие блюда предлагают в университетской столовой
14
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
большой ли выбор салатов в столовой
нравятся ли ему (ей) блюда из мяса, рыбы и какие
может ли он (она) описать свое любимое блюдо
какие соки и напитки он (она) предпочитает
какой десерт он (она) любит
кто готовит пищу и моет посуду в его (ее) семье
V. Act out the situations:
1. Обсудите с другом рецепт вашего любимого блюда.
2. Вы пришли в столовую (кафе) и обсуждаете меню.
3. Вы собираетесь пригласить гостей на праздничный обед.
Обсудите меню вашего обеда.
15
Сinema
I. Words and word-combinations to be remembered:
1. cinema, the pictures; the movies
кино
2. cinema-goer
любитель кино
3. a film is on (running)
фильм идет
демонстрируется
4. sound film
звуковой фильм
5. silent film
немой фильм
6. colour film
цветной фильм
7. adventure film
приключенческий
фильм
8. three-dimensional film
стереотип
9. to enjoy
наслаждаться
10. horror
ужас
11. thriller
триллер
12. overcrowded
переполненный
13. performance
сеанс
14. entertainment
развлечение
15. cinema screens
киноэкран
16. to dominate
превалировать,
занимать ведущее
место
17. to be fond of
любить что-либо,
нравиться кому-либо
18. to mention
упоминать
19. predominantly
по преимуществу,
главным образом
20. video facilities
видео-салон
21. to emerge
появиться,возникнуть
22. cinema-going habit
привычка ходить в
кино
23. adventures
приключения
24. to release a film
выпустить фильм на
экран
25. to shoot a film (shot, shot)
снимать фильм
26. to spend one's leisure time
проводить свое
свободное время
27. movie audience
киноаудитория,
кинозрители
28. feature film
художественный
16
29.
30.
31.
32.
cartoon
leading part
screen
to give preference to smth.
-
фильм
мультфильм
главная роль
экран
отдать предпочтение
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III. Read, translate and retell the text:
Cinema
Cinema plays an important role in the life of any society. It is an available popular form of art. Lots of people find going to the cinema one of the
best ways of spending their leisure time. The movie audience is predominantly a young one.
Nowadays we can get entertained by the TV, the radio, the theatre or
the cinema. Cinema is available no matter where you live. You can always
find the film you like among horror films, thrillers, westerns, detective, love,
musical films or comedies.
Not so long ago most people used to visit cinema every week. Often
cinema houses were overcrowded. But at present video production has
flooded the market and cinema became less popular.
Of late cinema screens in this country have been dominated by films
produced in the USA. And this tendency is growing.
When I want to go to the cinema, I usually see in the programme what
films are on. Then I phone my friends and we discuss what films to see.
I don't go often to the cinema and my friends are not regular cinemagoers either. But if there is a film, which is a hit with the public, I do my
best to watch it.
We prefer feature films but also enjoy cartoons and popular science
films. To see a good love story, musical or detective film is a very pleasant
way of spending free time. If I want to go to an evening show, I usually
book tickets in advance. But for matinee performances I always buy tickets
just before the show.
The last film I saw was Hollywood remake of Shakespeare's «Romeo
and Juliet". The action takes place in the modern world but all the rest is just
like great Shakespeare had described: people, action, and feelings. The original text was used in the film. And I have to mention that the music was
great. I think the actors and the actresses did their best and it looked great.
I'll remember the film for a long time.
III. Read, translate and reproduce the dialogue:
17
Voronin: Did you watch the news programme on television yesterday, Mr
Blake?
Mr Blake: No, my wife and I went to the cinema last night.
Voronin: What was on?
Mr Blake: We saw a new comedy at the Odeon. It started at 7 and lasted till
10, as it is a two-part film.
Voronin: Was the cinema full?
Mr Blake: Oh, yes. It's a very popular film. I recommend you to go and see
it.
Voronin: Thank you, but I don't like comedies very much.
Mr Blake: What kind of films do you like?
Voronin: Well, I like good love stories or musicals. I never watch horror
films or old Westerns. Actually, historical films in black and white or in
colour are my favourite films. I also like detective films and thrillers.
Mr Blake: How about film versions of novels? Do you like them?
Voronin: Yes, if they are close to the original and if popular actors star in
them.
IV. Exercises:
1. Compose dialogues of your own beginning with the following opening sentences:
1) – Was the foreign film you saw subtitled or dubbed? – Unfortunately it
was … 2) – The photography of the film, however fine, didn’t save the
film. – Yes, but … 3) – What is very important for a good film is a good
script. – I’m afraid it’s not always so … 4) – Popular science fiction films
can have tremendous educational value. – Yes, it’s true. I remember the film
… 5) – The film is sentimental and not true to life. – It’s not as bad as all
that. It’s a bit … 6) – Do you fancy going to the pictures on Saturday? –
Well, I … 7) – A, really does steal the show, doesn’t she? – I suppose she
does but the others … 8) – You won’t enjoy the film version of …, I’m sure.
– Why? They say it’s worth seeing though …
2.
Speak about your favourite cinema actor (actress). What especially
strikes you in his (her) acting? In what roles do you like him (her)
best? Use the following ideas:
To work on the leading role; a screen adaptation of …; the film deals with; a
popular film actor (actress); to succeed in giving an excellent portrayal of
…; to create a gallery of memorable characters (a truly attractive comedy
character, people of strong character and firm principles); to have a gift of
observation; to revive in his (her) characters the characteristic features of
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working people (the builders of a new society); his (her) talent is maturing;
the characters created by … possess a romantic spirit (human dignity).
V. Answer the questions:
1.
Do you like the cinema?
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Which films do you prefer?
Which films have been released lately?
What do you usually do when you want to go to the cinema?
Do you prefer to watch films at the cinema or on television?
Who is your favourite film star?
At what price do you book tickets for the cinema?
Do you prefer the cinema to the theatre?
Did people use to go to the cinema often?
Why are there less cinema-goers now?
VI. Act out the situations:
1. Ваш друг пригласил вас в кино, и вы обсуждаете какой фильм
посмотреть.
2. Вы покупаете заранее билеты в кино и спрашиваете кассира о
сеансе и о цене билета.
3. Вы говорите с другом об актерах и последних киноновинках.
4. После похода в кинотеатр вы обмениваетесь впечатлениями о
фильме со своим другом.
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Great Britain
I. Words and word-combinations to be remembered:
1. Great Britain
Великобритания
2. The United Kingdom of Great
Объединенное Королевство
Britain and Northern Ireland Великобритании и Северной
Ирландии
3. official
официальный
4. to occupy
занимать
5. isle
остров
6. island
остров
7. to consist of
состоять
8. total
общий
9. square
квадратный
10. to make up
составлять
11. capital
столица
12. respectively
соответственно
13. population
население
14. to separate
отделять
15. English Channel
Английский канал (Ла-Манш)
16. Strait of Dover
Па-де-Кале(Дуврский пролив)
17. coast
побережье
18. to wash
омывать
19. navigation
судоходство
20. chief
главный
21. mild
мягкий
22. temperate
умеренный
23. due to
вследствие
24. influence
влияние
25. Gulf Stream
Гольфстрим
26. humid
влажный
27. changeable
изменчивый
28. too
слишком
29. foggy
туманный
30. rainy
дождливвый
31. producer
производитель
32. machinery
оборудование
33. textile
текстильный
34. aircraft
авиационный
35. shipbuilding
судостроение
36. monarchy
монархия
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37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
chamber
House of Commons
to win
majority
seat
to form
leader
to choose
to be responsible for
particular
government
to cross
upright
saint
patron
daffodil
thistle
shamrock
палата
палата общин
побеждать
большинство
место
образовывать
лидер
выбирать
быть ответсвенным за
особый
правительство
пересекать
вертикальный
святой
покровитель, заступник
бледно-желтый нарцисс
чертополох
трилистник
-
II. Read, translate and retell the text:
Great Britain
The official name of the country is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. It occupies the territory of the British Isles. The
British Isles consist of two large islands: Great Britain and Ireland and about
five thousand small islands. The total area is over 244 000 square kilometres.
The United Kingdom is made up of four countries: England, Wales,
Scotland and Northern Ireland. Their capitals are: London, Cardiff, Edinburgh and Belfast respectively. The population of the country is over 57
million people; about 80 % of them live in cities and towns.
Great Britain is separated from the European continent by the English
Channel and the Strait of Dover. The west coast of the country is washed by
the Irish Sea, the east coast is washed by the North Sea. There are a lot of
rivers in Great Britain, but they are not very long and not good for navigation. The chief rivers are the Severn and the Thames.
The climate in the United Kingdom is generally mild and temperate
due to the influence of the Gulf Stream. It is mild, humid and changeable. It
is never too hot or too cold. Great Britain is well known as a foggy and rainy
country.
The United Kingdom is a highly developed industrial country. It is
known as one of the world's largest producers and exporters of machinery,
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electronics, textile, aircraft and navigation equipment. One of the main important industries of the country is shipbuilding. The largest cities of Great
Britain are: London, Birmingham, Glasgow, Liverpool, Manchester, Sheffield, Bristol, Leeds, Edinburgh.
The United Kingdom is a monarchy. The Queen is the official head of
the state. The legislative power is vested in Parliament. It consists of two
chambers: the House of Lords and the House of Commons. There are three
main political parties: the Labour, the Conservative and the Liberal. The
party which wins the majority of seats in Parliament forms the Government
and its leader becomes Prime Minister. The Prime Minister chooses about
twenty MP's from his party to become Cabinet Ministers. Each minister is
responsible for a particular area of government.
English is the official language, but some people speak Scottish,
Welsh and Irish. The flag of the United Kingdom, known as the Union Jack,
is made up of three crosses. The upright red cross is the cross of St. George,
the patron saint of England. The white diagonal cross (with arms going into
the corners) is the cross of St.Andrew, the patron saint of Scotland. The red
diagonal cross is the cross of St. Patrick, the patron saint of Ireland. David is
the patron saint of Wales. Rose is a symbol of England, daffodil is a symbol
of Wales, thistle is the symbol of Scotland and shamrock is the symbol of
Ireland.
III. Answer the questions:
1. What is the official name of the country ?
2. What parts does it consist of ?
3. Is the population over 57 million people ?
4. What is Great Britain separated by from the continent ?
5. The chief rivers in Great Britain are the Severn and the Thames, aren't
they ?
6. Why is British climate mild ?
7. Is Great Britain a highly developed industrial country ?
8. What British industries do you know ?
9. Who rules Britain officially ?
10. What does the British Parliament consist of ?
11. What is the official language in Great Britain ?
IV. Ask your friend:
1. какое официальное название страны
2. какая общая площадь
3. отделяется ли Великобритания от континента Английским каналом
4. являются ли реки пригодными для судоходства
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5. чем хорошо известна Великобритания
6. какие самые крупные города страны
7. кто находится во главе государства
8. какие три главные партии в стране
9. является ли английский официальным языком страны
10. какой символ Англии
23
London
I. Words and word-combinations to be remembered:
1. to be concentrated
быть сконцентрированным
2. the Royal Exchange
Королевская биржа
3. the Bank of England
Банк Англии
4. the Stock Exchange
Фондовая биржа
5. a port area
портовый район
6. to be quiet and empty
быть тихим и пустынным
7. to stay alive
быть оживленным
8. nearby
близлежащий
9. a pub
кабачок, пивная
10. a concrete building
бетонное здания
11. to live outside the center
жить вне центра
12. the total population
все население
13. the Greater London
Большой Лондон
14. a suburb
пригород
15. to be home for
быть местом нахождения
чего- либо
16. the headquarters of
центральные учреждения
17. a government department
власть (как часть
правительства)
18. the major legal institutions
главные судебные
учреждения
19. the monarch
монарх
20. transport network
транспортная сеть
21. to contain
содержать
22. the national television network национальная телевизионная
сеть
23. the original walled city
первоначальный город,
обнесенный стеной
24. to be founded by Romans
быть основанным римлянами
25. a poorer residential area
бедный жилой район
26. a luxurious hotel
роскошный отель
27. an expensive shop
дорогой магазин
28. the main tourist attraction
главный предмет интереса
туристов
29. King Edward the Confessor король Эдуард Исповедник
30. an abbey church
церковь аббатства
31. a royal tomb
гробница короля или
24
королевы
мемориалы
известных людей
Вильгельм
Завоеватель
короноваться
коронация
королевская
резиденция
верховный суд
страны
официальная
резиденция королевы
смена караула
перед дворцом
шедевр
быть увенчанным
огромным куполом
Галерея Шепота
быть связанным с
крепость
монетный двор
охраняться кем-то
Бифитер
стражник-йомен
быть знаменитым
чем-либо
Музей кино
32. memorials to famous men
and women
33. William the Conqueror
34. to be crowned
35. a coronation
36. the royal residence
37. the country’s main court
38. the Queen’s official residence
39.
40.
41.
42.
the Changing of the Guards
in the forecourt of the palace
a masterpiece
to be crowned with a huge dome
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
Whispering Gallery
to be associated with
a fortress
a mint
to be guarded by
a Beefeater
a Yeoman Guard
to be noted for
51. the Museum of Moving Image
II. Read, translate and retell the text:
London
London is the capital of Great Britain, its economic, political, and cultural center. It is situated on the both banks of the Thames. London is a very
old city. It is more than twenty centuries old. The original walled city of
London founded by Roman was quite small. Slowly it grew into a large city.
And now it is the largest city in Europe and one of the largest cities in the
world with the population of 11 million people. About a fifth of the total
population of the UK lives in the Greater London area, that is in London and
its suburbs.
25
London is home for the headquarters of all government departments,
Parliament, the major legal institutions and the monarch. It is the country’s
business and banking center and the center of its transport networks. It
contains the headquarters of the national television networks and of all the
national newspapers.
London consists of three main parts: the City of London, the West End
and the East End.
The City is the financial center of London. It is the district where most
offices and banks are concentrated. The Royal Exchange, the Stock Exchange and the Bank of England are situated here. During the daytime, nearly a million people work there, but less than 8 000 people actually live there.
Many people live outside the center of London in the suburbs, and they
travel to work, in shops and offices by train, bus or underground.
The West End is a symbol of wealth. This district is known for its many
theatres, cinemas, luxurious hotels and restaurants and expensive shops. By
the day the whole of London is busy. At night offices are quiet and empty,
but the West End stays alive, because this is where Londoners come to enjoy themselves. There are two opera houses here, several concert halls and
many theatres, as well as cinemas. In nearby Soho the pubs, restaurants and
night clubs are busy half the night.
The East End is known as the poorer residential area of London where
mostly working people live. Many factories, workshops and the Port of
London is situated here. The old port area is now called “Docklands”. There
are now new offices building in Docklands, and thousands of new flats and
houses. This district of London is very unattractive, but very important to
the country’s commerce.
Like all big cities, London has streets and concrete buildings, but it also
has many big parks, full of trees, flowers and grass. The most famous of
them are Hyde Park with its famous Speaker’s Corner and Kensington Gardens.
London is also the main tourist attraction of the country. There are a lot
of places of interest in London, which attract thousands of tourists every
year. They usually want to see Trafalgar Square, Piccadilly Circus, Westminster Abbey, the House of Parliament, Buckingham Palace, St.Paul’s Cathedral, the London Bridge, the Tower of London and many other places.
Trafalgar Square is the geographical center of London. Around the Square
there are several large buildings including the National Gallery and the
Church of St.Martin-in-the-Fields, but it is dominated by Nelson’s Column.
The monument was erected in 1881 to commemorate Nelson’s triumph at
the battle of Trafalgar in 1805. The monument is guarded by four bronze
lions.
26
At one side of the Square is the National Gallery, which was built in 1924. It
has a rich collection of pictures.
At the other side of the Square is Buckingham Palace, the Queen’s official London residence. It is a beautiful building with a flag over it standing
in large gardens. If the Queen’s flag flies over the Palace, it means that the
Queen is in the residence. Londoners usually watch the Changing of the
Guards in the forecourt of the palace. It lasts 30 minutes.
Another well-known square of London is Piccadilly Circus. It is the entertainment center for the West End of London. In the middle of it there is a
statue of Eros, the God of Love. The statue is made of aluminium and is so
light that can be easily lifted by 2 or 3 men.
On the left bank of the Thames stands Westminster Abbey, which is
now the political center of London. In the 11 th century King Edward the
Confessor decided to build a great abbey church there. There are many royal
tombs in the Abbey, like the tomb of Edward the Confessor himself, and
memorials to famous men and women. The most popular ones are those to
writers, poets and musicians in the Poet’s Corner. William the Conqueror
was crowned there, and since then all the coronations have taken place in
the Abbey. During the reign of Edward the Confessor the Palace of Westminster was built too. It was the royal residence and also the country’s main
court. The Parliament met here since the 16th till the 19th century. The present Houses of Parliament designed by Sir Charles Barry were built in 1850
after the fire in the Palace of Westminster in 1834. There are two houses in
the Parliament: the House of Commons and the House of Lords.
St.Stephen’s Tower of the Houses of Parliament contains probably the most
famous clock in the world Big Ben.
Another place, which attracts tourists, is St.Paul’s Cathedral. St.Paul’s
Cathedral is Sir Christopher Wren’s masterpiece. It was built since 1675
until 1709. It is crowned with a huge dome. Inside the dome there is the
famous Whispering Gallery. There are many memorials in the Cathedral.
Such people as Wellington, Nelson and Wren himself are buried here.
The Tower of London was planned as a castle. It was built about 9 centuries
ago by William the Conqueror. It is associated with many important events
in the British history. It was a place of State intrigue and executions. The
Tower has been a fortress, a palace, a prison, a mint. The Tower is now the
home of the Crown jewels protected by Yeomen Guards more known as
«Beefeaters».
London is also noted for its museums and art galleries. Among them are
the National Gallery, the National Portrait Gallery, the Tate Gallery of
sculpture, the Museum of London, the Museum of Moving Image, Madam
Tussaud’s Museum of life-size portraits in wax and many others. But the
27
most well-known and one of the largest in the world is the British Museum.
The British Museum was founded by Act of Parliament in 1753 to bring
together the collection of Sir Robert Cotton, some others and future addition
to them. Anthony Panizzi designed the famous circular Reading Room at the
British Museum. The first thing that strikes a visitor is its unusual shape. It
is a perfect circle
III. Read, translate and reproduce the dialogues:
Dialogue 1.
- I think we’ll get off the bus near the circus …
- Do you mean to invite me to a circus show? I’d love to see it in
London.
- Oh, no. I mean Piccadilly Circus. It’s just a square.
- I see. Why is it called that? Is it round, or what?
- Well? It isn’t exactly round. As a matter of fact any open space
where a number of streets meet can be called a circus. You can
come across them all over England. But when a Londoner speaks of
the Circus he means Piccadilly Circus.
Dialogue 2.
- I suppose you’ve been to Covent Garden?
- Covent Garden? I’m afraid not. I have only been to Green Park,
Regent’s Park and Kensington Gardens.
- Dear me! Don’t you know what Covent Garden is?
- I certainly do. It’s the Royal Opera House. I was just pulling your
leg. (дурачить, разыгрывать).
Dialogue 3.
- While seeing the Tower of London, have you noticed several ravens
in the courtyard?
- Oh, yes, I have, there were some.
- There’s a belief that the British Empire will come to an end when
those ravens leave the Tower.
- Well, but as far as I know the British Empire does not exist any
more, though the ravens are still there.
- That’s right. Their wings are clipped. (to clip – подрезать).
Dialogue 4.
- Why, it’s No 10 Downing Street!
- Exactly so. Here the Prime Minester of Britain lives.
- And where’s the residence of the Queen?
- The London residence of the British Kings is Buckingham Palace.
When the Queen is in residence the Royal Standartd is flown at the
mast-head. (флагшток)
28
Dialogue 5:
- Which are the most notable picture galleries in London?
- Well, the National Gallery, to begin with, then comes the National
Portrait Gallery, then the Tate Gallery.
- Yes, but what about the British Museum? I’ve heard a lot of it.
- Oh surely, you ought to go there, but the British Museum is not a
museum of Fine Arts. In the first place it’s a museum of history,
achaelogy and ethnography. It’s also one of the largest libraries in
the world.
IV. Ask your friend:
1. кем был основан Лондон
2. на какие части делится Лондан
3. чем знаменит Сити
4. что представляет собой Вест Энд
5. чем примечателен Тауэр
6. кто построил аббатство и дворец в Вестмистере.
7. где заседает парламент
8. что находится в Ист Энде
9. какие самые известные музеи в Лондона
V. Translate the following into English:
1. Лондон – экономический, политический и культурный центр,
расположенный на обоих берегах Темзы.
2. Город, основанный римлянами, первоначально был маленьким
и обнесен забором.
3. Лондон традиционно делится на три части: Сити, Ист Энд, Вест
Энд. Эти части различаются между собой.
4. Сити – это район, где сосредоточена большая часть офисов и
банков.
5. Вест Энд – это символ роскоши и богатства.
6. Лондон – очень привлекателен для туристов. Интересно
увидеть Трафальгарскую площадь, Пикадили, Букингемский
дворец, Собор Святого Павла.
7. Вестминстерское Аббатство располагается на левом берегу
Темзы и является политическим центром Лондона.
8. В Тауэре Лондона хранится королевская корона, которая
охраняется Йoменскими стражниками – йоменами.
9. Собор Святого Павла – это шедевр сэра Кристофера Рена.
Строительство началось в 1675г. и было закончено в 1709.
Великолепное сооружение увенчано куполом.
29
10. Рядом
с
Аббатством
Эдуард-Исповедник
построил
Вестминстерский Дворец, который был
королевской
резиденцией.
VI. Act out the situations:
1. Вы встретили своего друга, он недавно вернулся из Лондона.
Спросите у него, понравился ли ему Лондон, где он бывал,
какие достопримечательности ему удалось посмотреть.
2. Вы встретили своего друга. Он сообщает, что на днях уезжает в
Лондон. Это его первая поездка. Он хотел бы знать, какие
достопримечательности вы посоветуете ему посетить (он
увлекается искусством.) Дело в том, что он собирается пробыть
там 3 дня. Вы советуете ему посетить национальную Галерею.
Он решает последовать вашему совету.
3. Вы первый раз в Лондоне и в отеле обращаетесь к портье за
советом с чего начать свою экскурсию. Он советует сначала
посмотреть Букингемский Дворец, где живет королева, и
заодно понаблюдать смену караула перед дворцом. А затем
можно пройти на Трафальгарскую площадь, она расположена в
центре Лондона. Там есть памятник, посвященный адмиралу
Нельсону и его победе при Трафальгаре.
30
Career
I. Words and word-combinations to be remembered:
1. curriculum vitae (CV)
биография
2. written application
письменное заявление
3. opening position
вакансия
4. to choose an occupation
выбрать работу по
to one's liking
желанию
5. experimental period
испытательный срок
6. to work shift-work
работать по сменам
7. to have flexible schedule
иметь гибкий график
8. to work part/full time
работать
неполный/полный рабочий
день
9. to work nine to five
работать с девяти до пяти
10. to get off
увольняться
11. be on sick leave
быть на больничном
12. to run business
заниматься бизнесом
13. to do trade
вести торговлю
14. entrepreneur
предприниматель
15. owner
владелец
16. officer
чиновник, должностное лицо
17. employment office
агентство по трудо
устройству
18. work experience
стаж
19. employment book
трудовая книжка
20. position
должность
21. supervisor
начальник
22. subordinate
подчиненный
23. salary
зарплата служащего
24. wage
зарплата рабочего
25. fee
гонорар творческого
работника
26. rate of pay
ставка оплаты
27. fair salary
достойная зарплата
28. legal contract
трудовое соглашение
29. income tax
налог
30. contractual obligations
договорные обязательства
31. to undertake a responsible post занимать ответственный пост
32. employer/employee
служащий/
работодатель
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33. job prospects
-
34. opportunities for rapid
35. advancement
36. to be accustomed to work
under pressure
37. to contact with people easily
-
38. to have good references
-
39. supportive environment
-
40. main strength
-
41.
42.
43.
44.
-
promising
creative
reliable
skilful
перспективы для
работы
возможности
быстрого роста
привыкнуть
напряженно работать
легко налаживать
контакт с людьми
иметь хорошие
отзывы
хорошая рабочая
обстановка
основные
достоинства
перспективный
творческий
надежный
опытный
II. Read, translate and retell the text:
PLANNING A CAREER
Having a job and having a career are two very different things. A job
is something you do to make money. You may enjoy the job, work hard at it
and do well, but you are primarily doing it for the money to satisfy your
other interests outside of the work environment. A career is something that
integrates your desires and interests so that it gives you satisfaction above
and beyond the money you make. To have a career means commitment and
development but first of all planning.
This process can begin at any age. For some people it starts when they
are small children and visit mom or dad at their place of work. For others it
can come later through the inspiration of a teacher or exposure to a wider
range of fields.
It is up to each individual to decide whether a job or career is best for
them. People may share the same talent and interest but other aspects of
their personality will dictate which direction to go with that interest. For
example, one guitar player may decide to plan a career as a professional
musician. Another may decide that the financial insecurity is too much for
him, get a regular job satisfy his musical interests in his free time.
Whether you decide to get a job or plan a career, the job market today
is quite different from that of your parents. In the Soviet system young people were guaranteed a job upon graduation. Now, there are no guarantees
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after university, institute or school.
The young person in today's Russia faces a very competitive job market.
What do the new dynamics of the Russian job market mean for young
people? First, if they have decided they want a career, they must start early
in their academic life to plan and take steps to develop their professional
careers. Second, in addition to a suitable background for a desired career,
creativity, self-promotion and preparation are absolutely vital for any sort of
success in the job search. Last, students must develop confidence in themselves and recognize the power that each of them has to take control of their
future and shape it in a way that is best for them.
III. Read the text and say if you agree or disagree with the following
statements:
1. Having a job and having a career are two very different things.
2. Planning a career can begin at any age.
3. The choice of a career doesn't only depend on a person's talents and
interests.
4. To face a competitive job market is to have no guarantees for getting a
job.
5. To take control of the future and to be well-prepared for the challenges
of the job market one should take several very important steps.
IV. Read, translate and give the main idea of the text:
Looking for a Job
Looking for a job is a full-time occupation in itself, so it's important to
get yourself self-assessed. Look at yourself realistically, at your experience,
your strengths and weaknesses, likes and dislikes and decide. What you are
good at, not so good at, what sort of things you want to do and can do. Use
all possible sources to help you get careers advice:
- employment agency;
- job center;
- private employment agencies;
- national and local newspapers;
- professional or trade newspapers and journals;
- applications to possible employers;
- local radio stations;
- friends and relatives.
If you feel you like the job being advertised or being offered to you
make an application. The aim of your application is to get you an interview ;
the aim of interview is to get you the job. The first thing to do is to draw up
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a personal information chart or curriculum vitae (CV). This should contain
such sections as:
- personal detail – full name, address, phone number, date of birth, marital
status;
- your work experience;
- your educational background;
- details of any training;
- personal particularities which are relevant (foreign languages, voluntary
work, interests and so on).
Many of the jobs that are advertised in newspapers give a telephone
number for applicants to ring. When you ring up about a job you must know
what you want to say and how to say it:
- be confident on the telephone;
- know your facts;
- give the facts in a straightforward manner;
- try to make a good impression on the person to whom you are talking.
V. Answer the questions:
1. What does your father do for a living?
2. Is there a lot of stress connected with his work?
3. Do you think that present career is the right one for him?
4. What is your mother's occupation?
5. Have your parents ever been unemployed?
6. What is your family income?
7. Is career an important part in your life?
8. What is your idea of an ideal job?
9. What are some good jobs to have and why?
10. What are the worst jobs and why?
11. What job would you like to get after you graduate from the University?
12. You have won or inherited a lot of money. Would you continue working?
13. Would you agree to get married and not to work?
14. At what age can you get a part-time job in your country?
15. What are the most popular jobs for young men and women?
16. Would you like your work to be indoors or outdoors?
17. Would you like to have your own business? Why?
18. Do you prefer to have a job for which no further training is required or
further training is necessary?
19. Would you like to work for a big organization?
20. Would you like a job that involved making things with your hands?
21. What does you future profession demand from you?
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22. What are the main advantages and disadvantages of your future profession?
VI. Ask your friend:
1. как он представляет разницу между карьерой и работой;
2. какими факторами он будет руководствоваться при выборе работы
(work which is useful to society; good salary or wages: opportunities to
meet different people; opportunities to travel, flexible hours; interesting and
not boring work; good pension scheme: dealing with children; responsibility
of your own; the chance of promotion; good career prospects; good working
conditions; friendly colleagues, long holidays and other factors)
3. какую работу он предпочитает и почему
VII. Comment on the following proverbs:
1. All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.
2. Work done, have your fun.
3. Jack of all trades and master of none.
4. Business before pleasure.
5. Business is business.
6. If you want a thing well done, do it yourself.
7. New lords, new laws.
8. A new broom sweeps clean.
VIII. Act out the situations:
1. Imagine you are looking for a part-time job on your vacation. An officer at an employment office interviews you. Other applicants are also
involved.
2. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of your future speciality with
your friend.
IX. Speak on your future profession in as many details as possible, answering the following questions:
1. Where do you study?
2. What faculty and speciality do you study at?
3. What general and special subjects do you have?
4. Why did you choose this profession?
5. Do you have practice at enterprises of our town?
6. Where will you be able to work after graduation from the University?
7. Is your future profession useful? Why?
8. Give additional information about your future profession (texts on your
speciality).
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