The Seventh Annual
Science Research Symposium
University of Illinois at Springfield
Brookens Auditorium
Lower Level of Brookens Library
&
Brookens Auditorium Concourse
20 April 2007
Note: * = student; underline = presenter
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8:30-9:00
INFORMATION TABLE & REFRESHMENTS
Brookens Auditorium Concourse
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------MORNING ORAL PRESENTATIONS (9:00-10:3O a.m.)
Chemistry, Computer and Mathematical Sciences
Brookens Auditorium, Lower Level of Brookens Library
Moderator:
Rachel Olson (UIS Biology Student)
9:00-9:10
Opening Remarks - Dr. Michael Lemke
Professor of Biology and Director of Emiquon Field Station
9:10-9:30
From Amazing Formulas to Elementary Particle Physics
Chan, Hei-Chi. Mathematical Sciences Program, University of Illinois at Springfield, Springfield,
IL 62703
9:30-9:50
Modeling Rational Behavior in Intelligent Agents with Game Theory
Collins, Daniel *, Vermier, Andrew*, and Sviatoslav Braynov. Computer Science Program, University of
Illinois at Springfield, Springfield, IL 62703
9:50-10:10
A Greener Synthetic Route to The ICI2 – Anion. A General Chemistry Synthesis Experiment
Involving Interesting Redox Chemistry.
Owen, Benjamin C. * and Marc A. Klingshirn. Chemistry Program, University of Illinois at Springfield,
Springfield, IL 62703
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10:15 – 10:30
REFRESHMENT BREAK
Brookens Auditorium Concourse
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10:30-12:00
POSTER SESSION
Brookens Auditorium Concourse
(This is the time to interact with poster authors)
CHEMISTRY, PSYCHOLOGY, & BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES POSTERS
[1] Learning Styles Impact Academic Performance in Group and Individual Study Environments
Barnes, Amy L.*, Studebaker, Jeremy W., Rogers, Meghan, and Reminger, Sheryl L. Psychology Program, University of
Illinois at Springfield, Springfield, IL 62703
[2] A Comparative Study of Trichome Diversity in Various Mexican Oak (Quercus) Species
Cosenza, Nicole*, and Lucia Vazquez. Biology Program, University of Illinois at Springfield, Springfield, IL 62703
[3] Design and Optimization of Small Ribosomal Subunit (18S rRNA) PCR Primers to Characterize Green Algae
Communities
Dang, That*, and Jim Bonacum. Biology Program, University of Illinois at Springfield, Springfield, IL. 62703
2
[4] Methods for Alignment of Nickel Nanowires
Hayes, Christina G.* and Keenan Dungey. Chemistry Program, University of Illinois at Springfield, Springfield, IL 62703
[5] Synthesis of Lithium Cobalt Oxide by Emulsion and High Temperature
Hynek, Steven J.*1, Andrew Dunn 2, Anthony Kilburn 1 and Keenan Dungey1.. 1Chemistry Program, University of Illinois at
Springfield, Springfield, IL 62703 2. Department of Chemistry, Millikin University, Decatur, IL 62522.
[6] Mitochondrial Genomics of Nautilus
Irlam, Justin *, and Jim Bonacum. Biology Program, University of Illinois at Springfield, Springfield, IL 62703
[7] Activated Carbons as Sorption Media for the Safe Disposal of Heavy Metals
Long, Brandon R.*, and Harshavardhan Bapat. Chemistry Program, University of Illinois at Springfield, Springfield, IL
62703.
[8] Judging Others at Zero Acquaintance: Questions About Traits, Actors and Accuracy
McColez, Tori*, Ladage, Jen*, and Marcel Yoder. Psychology Program, University of Illinois at Springfield, Springfield, IL
62703
[9] Macroinvertebrate Biomass and Abundances from Restored Wetlands Along the Illinois River Floodplain
Negro, Jaclyn M.*1 and Maria Lemke2. 1Biology Program, University of Illinois at Springfield, Springfield, IL 62703
2 The NatureConservancy, Illinois Chapter, 301 SW Adams Street, Suite 1007, Peoria, IL 61602
[10] Utilizing Molecular Barcoding Techniques to Document the Restoration of the Emiquon Preserve
Quinn, Kathleen 1, Michael Lemke1, Maria Lemke2, Leon Hinz3 and James Bonacum1 . 1Biology Program, University of Illinois
at Springfield, Springfield, IL 62703, 2The Nature Conservancy, Peoria, IL 61602, 3Illinois Natural History Survey,
Springfield, IL 62702
[11] Bacterial Diversity and Water Quality of Illinois River Floodplain Lakes
Randle, Michelle* 1, Hofmann, Christine 2, Keenan Dungey 2, Michael Lemke 1, Biology Program 1 and Chemistry Program 2,
University of Illinois at Springfield, Springfield, IL 62703
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12:00 - 1:10
Lunch
On your own; for our guests, we suggest dining at the UIS Food Court, Lower Level, Public
Affairs Center (PAC)
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AFTERNOON ORAL PAPER SESSION (1:10-3:00 p.m.)
Biological Sciences
Brookens Auditorium, Lower Level of Brookens Library
Moderators:
Doyn Kellerhals (UIS M.S. Biology Student)
1:10-1:30
A Preliminary Investigation of Microevolution of Selected Pathogenic Microbes to Essential Oils
Bryson, Stacey *, and Juanita Leonhard. Biology Department of Illinois College, Jacksonville, IL 62650
1:30-1:50
Investigation of Antibiotic Properties of Leaf Extracts from Juglans nigra, Quercus alba, and
Quercus ruba
3
Buckingham, Brad *, Wayne Gade, Amy McEuen, Gary Trammell, Lucia Vazquez, and James
Veselenak, Programs of Chemistry, Clinical Laboratory Sciences, and Biology, University of Illinois at
Springfield, Springfield, IL 62703
1:50-2:10
Transcription Factor Glial Cell Missing-1 Regulates Cell Type Specific Expression of Human
Placenta Growth Factor
Chang, Miao* , Groesch Kathy , Mukherjea Debbie, Torry Donald S, Departments of Medical
Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southern Illinois
University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL. 62702
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2:10 – 2:20
REFRESHMENT BREAK
Brookens Auditorium Concourse
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2:20-2:4 0
Antimicrobial Properties of Juglans nigra Bark and Leaf Extracts
Jones, Nicole J. * and Lucia Vazquez. Biology Program, University of Illinois at Springfield, Springfield,
IL 62703
2:40 - 3:00
The Bacterial Assemblage at the Air-Water Interface of a Freshwater Lake with Implications for
Organophosphate Nutrient Cycling
Paver, Sara F.*, and Michael Lemke Biology Program, University of Illinois at Springfield, Springfield, IL
62703
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3:00 - 4:00
KEYNOTE ADDRESS
May R. Benenbaum “Webworms and Parsnips: A Case History in Chemical Evolution”
Brookens Auditorium
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4:00-4:30
AWARD PRESENTATIONS : Best Student Poster and Best Oral Presentation
Closing Remarks – Michael Lemke
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4:30 – 6:00
SOCIAL & RECEPTION: Brookens Concourse -- Refreshments served
4
KEYNOTE ADDRESS
MAY R. BENENBAUM
DEPARTMENT OF ENTOMOLOGY
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN
“Webworms and parsnips: A case History in
Chemical Evolution”
Dr. Berenbaum is interested in the chemical interactions
between herbivorous insects and their host plants, and the
implications of such interactions on the organization of
natural communities and the evolution of species. Her
particular research interests focus on the secondary
chemistry of the Umbelliferae (carrot family) and the
insect associates of these herbaceous plants. Current
research approaches insect/plant co-evolution at several
levels. At the physiological level, her lab is
investigating the modes of action and mechanisms of action
of plant secondary metabolite defensive compounds in
insect.
5
ABSTRACTS
LEARNING STYLES IMPACT ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN GROUP AND
INDIVIDUAL STUDY ENVIRONMENTS
Amy L. Barnes*, Jeremy W. Studebaker, Meghan Rogers, and Sheryl L. Reminger
Psychology Program, University of Illinois at Springfield, Springfield, IL 62703
This study investigated whether learning styles have an effect on performance in a variety of
academically related tasks. Fifty-two participants completed a learning style inventory and were
randomly assigned to either a group or individual study condition. Participants completed a pretest measure, were given time to study test materials, and then completed a post-test measure.
Results showed that active learners demonstrated better performance on specific tasks after
studying in a group environment, whereas reflective learners demonstrated better performance
after studying in an individual environment. By identifying and utilizing an individual’s learning
style, educators have greater potential to increase academic performance.
A PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION OF MICROEVOLUTION OF SELECTED
PATHOGENIC MICROBES TO ESSENTIAL OILS
Bryson, Stacey * and Juanita Leonhard. Biology Department of Illinois College, Jacksonville, IL 62650
Essential oils derived from higher plants have been used for centuries for their medicinal
properties. During the last 30 years a large number of studies have been performed to evaluate
the anti-microbial activity of these oils. Development of microbial resistance to antibiotics
(chemotherapeutic agents) has become a significant medical problem. Our present study
investigated the possibility that microbes may also be capable of developing resistance to
essential oils. We employed the disk diffusion method which had been used in a previous study
for determining anti-microbial activity of essential oils. We tested distillation-derived essential
oil extracts from Eucalyptus globules, E. citriodora, Melaleuca alternifolia (Myrtaceae),
Lavandula angustifolia, and Ocimum sanctum (Lamiaceae) against Staphylococcus aureus,
Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and the yeast Candida
albicans. Sequential selection of colonies closest to the zone of inhibition for repeat testing was
used to monitor any reduction in the size of the zone suggesting evolution of resistance. After six
trial passages Basil Holly and Tea Tree oils demonstrated the greatest anti-microbial activity
against S. aureus, E. coli, and Candida albicans. After just one trial Eucalyptus lemon had no
activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans. The possibility that microbes
may evolve resistance to essential oils is an important consideration in their use.
6
INVESTIGATION OF ANTIBIOTIC PROPERTIES OF LEAF EXTRACTS FROM
JUGLANS NIGRA, QUERCUS ALBA, AND QUERCUS RUBRA
Brad Buckingham*, 1Lucia Vazquez, Amy McEuen1, James Veselenak2, Gary Trammell3,
Wayne Gade2. 1Biology Program, 2Clinical Laboratory Sciences, 3Chemistry Program, University of Illinois at
Springfield, IL 62703.
Plants possess phytochemicals that may contain antibiotic activity. Plant extracts from many
species have been investigated for antibiotic compounds, but there are still many untested
species. Previous tests of Quercus ilex and Juglans neotropicans plant extracts have shown that
they have antibiotic properties, which suggests that other members of these genera may also
contain these types of compounds. Accordingly, the objective of this study was to test leaf
extracts from Quercus alba (white oak), Quercus rubra (red oak), and Juglans nigra (black
walnut) for antibacterial properties. Leaf extracts prepared using methanol and hexane were
tested against Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus
epidermidis, and Escherichia coli using the disc diffusion assay. Two extract concentrations
were tested (0.4 mg and 0.8 mg/ul) and they showed antimicrobial activities ranging from less
than 1 mm to 28 mm. Higher extract concentrations exhibit greater antimicrobial effects. Juglans
nigra had activity against every bacterial species for both concentrations and produced about 10
mm of inhibition. The exception for this trend was Staphylococcus epidermidis which only
produced inhibition zones around 15-25mm. Leaf extracts from Quercus alba and Quercus
rubra at a 0.4 mg/ul concentration were unable to inhibit growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Similarly, extracts of the latter species did not inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis.
In all tests, Escherichia coli had the largest zones of inhibition; however, there was stunted
growth within these larger zones. The reason for this phenomenon is still under investigation.
Future research will include the isolation and characterization of the compounds responsible for
the observed antibiotic activity.
THE AMAZING GOLDEN RATIO
Chan, Hei-Chi*, Mathematical Sciences Program, University of Illinois at Springfield, Springfield, IL 62703
Golden Ratio is one of the most studied constants in history. In this talk, I will discuss two recent
and interesting results on this wonderful constant: the continued fraction representation of the
powers of the Golden Ratio and a Wallis-type for the Golden Ratio. I will also discuss its
connections with Quantum Theory.
7
TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR GLIAL CELL MISSING-1 REGULATES CELL TYPE
SPECIFIC EXPRESSION OF HUMAN PLACENTA GROWTH FACTOR
Miao Chang * , Kathy Groesch , Debbie Mukherjea, and Donald S. Torry Departments of
Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, and Obstetrics and Gynecology Southern Illinois University
School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62702
Placenta growth factor (PlGF) levels are significantly lower in preeclamptic patients than in
normal pregnant women. High PlGF expression occurs in trophoblast but is comparatively lower
in most non-trophoblast, suggesting unique regulatory mechanisms govern trophoblast PlGF
gene expression. We sought to characterize promoter regions that regulate PlGF transcription in
human trophoblast. PlGF promoter constructs were transfected into trophoblast and nontrophoblast to define functional regions. Site directed mutagenesis and overexpression were
performed to verify potential transcription factor(s) regulating PlGF promoter activity. Realtime RT-PCR determined effects of hypoxia on a plausible regulator of PlGF expression in both
trophoblast and non-trophoblast. PlGF (-1521) and (-828) regions produced high promoter
activity in trophoblast, but little activity in non-trophoblast. PlGF (-844/-677) region functioned
as an enhancer in trophoblast but not other cells and computer analyses revealed a GCM-1
binding site in this region. Mutation of the GCM-1 binding site significantly decreased enhancer
activity in trophoblast. Overexpression of GCM-1 augmented PlGF transcriptional activity in
trophoblast and induced significant expression in non-trophoblast. We confirmed GCM-1
expression in trophoblast and that GCM-1 mRNA was decreased significantly by hypoxia.
These results indicate, for the first time, that PlGF promoter activity is differentially regulated in
various cell types and that GCM-1 contributes to trophoblast specific PlGF expression.
Hypoxia-mediated decrease in trophoblast GCM-1 expression may contribute to decreased PlGF
levels noted in preeclampsia.
MODELING RATIONAL BEHAVIOR IN INTELLIGENT AGENTS WITH GAME
THEORY
Collins, Daniel*, Vermie, Andrew*, and Sviatoslav Braynov. Computer Science Program,
University of Illinois at Springfield, Springfield, IL 62703
As technology continues to advance and we become more dependent on intelligent agents,
understanding how intelligent agents cooperate or compete with each other to serve our best
interests becomes imperative. The objective of this study is to investigate how game theory is
used to model rational behavior in intelligent agents including its advantages and disadvantages.
Several scenarios have been prepared showing how the fundamentals of game theory can model
rational behavior in intelligent agents both competing and cooperating. Each scenario shows how
implementing rational behavior with game theory affects the actions of the agents and the overall
outcomes. The final result of these scenarios shows the usefulness of game theory in modeling
rational behavior along with potential problems associated with defining rational behavior. In
summary, this study is interested in the benefits and implications of game theory in modeling
rational behavior in intelligent agents participating in multiagent systems.
8
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TRICHOME DIVERSITY IN VARIOUS MEXICAN
OAK (QUERCUS) SPECIES
Cosenza, Nicole*, and Lucía Vázquez. Biology Program, University of Illinois at Springfield, Springfield,
IL 62703
The genus Quercus is one of the most abundant and important of all the woody genera in the
Northern Hemisphere. Oak species are typically identified using leaf, acorn, and twig
morphology, along with genetic and biochemical markers. In general, identification of oak
species is very challenging because they show extensive anatomical and morphological variation.
Of the vegetative characters, leaf trichomes have proven useful in the circumscription of some
European, North American, and Mexican oak species. Despite that Mexico is the center of oak
species diversity in the Western Hemisphere, only 30 species out of the 200 oak species native to
this country have been studied in detail for their leaf trichome characteristics. The purpose of this
study is to examine the trichome characteristics of thirteen Mexican white oak species, and to
determine their utility in species identification. Mature leaves from these thirteen species were
collected in the field and in herbaria, and examined with light and scanning electron microscopy
to determine trichome types present on the lower surface of leaves. Trichome ray number and
length (m) were measured and nested ANOVAs were run to determine significance of
measurements in discriminating between the various Quercus species. Results indicate
significant differences in average ray number and ray length between the various Quercus
species. Furthermore, this study shows that trichome types are useful in the identification of only
a subset of the species studied.
DESIGN AND OPTIMIZATION OF SMALL RIBOSOMAL SUBUNIT (18S rRNA) PCR
PRIMERS TO CHARACTERIZE GREEN ALGAE COMMUNITIES
That Dang*, and Jim Bonacum, Biology Program, University of Illinois at Springfield, Springfield, IL
62703
Emiquon was once a productive floodplain on the Illinois River. With agricultural involvement,
this landscape consisted of corn and soybeans. Now, the Emiquon reserve is being restored to its
previous floodplain condition, which will presumably affect many biological niches. Here we
report the design of the first series of PCR primers that will be used to assess protistan diversity
as the restoration proceeds. The first group we have chosen to study is the paraphyletic
assemblage commonly known as the green algae. Sequences for the small ribosomal subunit
(18srRNA) were obtained from Genbank for the following orders: Prasinophytes,
Chlorophyceae, Trebouxiophyceae, Ulvophyceae, Chlorokybales, Klebsormidiales,
Zygnematales, Charales, and Coleochaetales. These sequences were aligned using CLUSTALX
and conserved regions were used to design four sets of PCR primers. Two sets will amplify a
large fragment, which will be used for cloning and sequencing followed by species identification
by phylogenetic methods. The remaining two sets will amplify a smaller fragment that will be
used for Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE). These primers are currently being
tested on a series of algal cultures. Once conditions have been optimized we will then expand
our efforts to determine if they can be used to reliably diagnose the various species of algae
present in environmental samples and provide a molecular record of the restoration of the
floodplain.
9
METHODS FOR ALIGNMENT OF NICKEL NANOWIRES
Hayes, Christina G.* and Keenan Dungey. Chemistry Program, University of Illinois at Springfield,
Springfield, IL 62703
Nanoparticles have important properties and the study of these particles is increasing to cover a
wide variety of fields. Nanoparticles used in devices will help increase data storage density and
enhance computer speed. Nanoparticles will also provide sensitive chemical detection in the
future. Our project involves the preparation and alignment of long, thin nanoparticles.
Nanowires have different properties dependant upon their orientation. By controlling the
alignment, the properties of the nanowires can be studied in bulk. Nickel nanowires were
synthesized and then aligned in a variety of ways. Liquid crystal alignment, capillary action, and
magnet field alignment were all used to study how Ni nanowires can orient. When using
capillary action to align the nanowires, a ray pattern was observed. However, by the use of a
horseshoe shaped magnet, the nanowires were oriented along the magnetic force lines. With the
understanding of how Ni nanowires align, we can apply the alignment techniques to other
nanoparticles.
SYNTHESIS OF LITHIUM COBALT OXIDE BY EMULSION AND HIGH
TEMPERATURE
Hynek, Steven J*1 , Andrew Dunn2, Anthony Kilburn1, and Keenan Dungey1
1
2
Chemistry Program, University of Illinois at Springfield, Springfield, IL 62703.
Department of Chemistry, Millikin University, Decatur, IL 62522.
Today’s electronic gadgets are powered almost exclusively by a form of a lithium battery of
some kind. A lithium cobalt oxide battery was developed in the 80’s to help provide a longer
amount of power than traditional alkaline batteries of the time. The goal of our research is to
increase the efficiency of the lithium batteries. Our hypothesis is that porous LiCoO2 will
improve the rechargeability of the battery, and so we are exploring synthetic schemes to increase
the porosity. In this presentation we will report our preparation of LiCoO2 from porous
precursors. Cobalt double hydroxide was formed via an emulsion solution. Once this cobalt
hydroxide was dried, it was then heated to form cobalt oxide. Cobalt oxide and lithium
carbonate were mixed and heated to form the final product of lithium cobalt oxide. Infrared
Spectroscopy was done throughout the experiment to verify acceptable purity. X-Ray diffraction
was used to confirm the identity of the products. The porosity will be measured in the future.
The ease of synthesis will have applications for industrial and commercial use if porosity of the
product is high.
10
MITOCHONDRIAL GENOMICS OF NAUTILUS
Irlam, Justin* and Jim Bonacum, Biology Program, University of Illinois at Springfield, Springfield, Il
62703
The species assigned to the genus Nautilus are the only externally shelled cephalopods and the
sole survivors of an ancient lineage that dates from the mid Paleozoic. Previous studies have
suggested that although as many as seven species have been proposed these simply represent
morphological variants of the broadly distributed N. pompilius. Genetic data holds a key to
diagnosing species within the genus but due to the ancient divergence of this lineage PCR
primers are currently available for only two gene regions, the first subunit of Cytochome
Oxidase (COI) and the large ribosomal subunit (16s.) Recently the complete mitochondrial
genome sequence has been published for N. macromphalus. Using the positions of the genes
from this study a 3,326 base pair (bp) fragment of the mitochondrial genome that spans the
region separating 16s and COI was amplified by long range PCR and sequenced for 2
representatives of the broadly distributed N. pompilius, representing populations in Fiji and
Ndrova Island. A second fragment comprising the 5’ end of the small ribosomal subunit has also
been amplified. Together these two fragments represent 4,553 bases, or more than one quarter of
the entire mitochondrial genome. Additional primers will be designed that will be used with
long range PCR to amplify the entire mitochondrial genome for these samples as well as
representatives of two other proposed species, N. belauensis, N. scrobiculatus. These sequences
will serve as a source of diagnostic characters for one of the first phylogenetic analyses to use
complete mitochondrial genome sequences.
ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF Juglans nigra Bark AND LEAF EXTRACTS
Jones, Nicole J.1* , Lucia Vazquez1, James Veselenak2, and Gary Trammel3. 1Biology Program,
2
Clinical Laboratory Sciences, 3Chemistry Program, University of Illinois at Springfield, IL 62703.
The increasing number of antibiotic resistant microbes highlights the necessity of finding new
antibiotics. Plants with a diversity of approximately 300,000 species can contribute to the
solution of this problem as evidenced by the fact that they are the sources of about 25% of the
prescriptions sold in the Unites States. Despite this high level of plant diversity, only a small
number (1-5%) of species have been tested for medicinal properties, which stresses the need for
analyzing additional plants. Accordingly, the purpose of this project is to test the bark and leaf
extracts of Juglans nigra (black walnut) for antimicrobial activity against four commonly
isolated bacteria. Crude extracts of J. nigra samples were prepared in methanol and methanolchloroform. The disk diffusion method was used to test the antimicrobial properties of the
extracts against Bacillus cereus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus
epidermidis. Of the two types of extracts tested, the leaf extracts showed higher antimicrobial
activity against all four tested bacteria than the bark extracts. At the same time, leaf extracts
prepared with methanol showed higher antimicrobial properties than the methanol-chloroform
extracts. The antimicrobial responses to the bark extracts varied with the bacteria tested.
Bacillus cereus showed inhibition zones when both low and high concentrations of crude extract
were tested whereas other species, such as E. faecalis, only showed activity when high
concentrations of extract were used. This type of research has important implications because it
could provide additional sources of antimicrobial compounds, enhancing therefore our limited
knowledge on the medicinal properties of plants.
11
ACTIVATED CARBONS AS SORPTION MEDIA FOR THE SAFE DISPOSAL OF
HEAVY METALS
Brandon R. Long* and Harshavardhan Bapat. Chemistry Program, University of Illinois at
Springfield, Springfield, IL 62703
We are interested in the preparation and the applications of activated carbon made from Milo
(Sorghum vulgare) seed utilizing the Chemchar® gasification process. This medium surface area
and low ash activated carbon was used for containment and vitrification of heavy metals such as
Cobalt and Copper. The objective of this research is to determine a safe disposal method of
heavy metals. Leaching studies of the final vitrified form indicated successful containment of
the metals in the ash. Successful containment indicates that activated carbons could potentially
be used as a heavy metal disposal method.
JUDGING OTHERS AT ZERO ACQUAINTANCE: QUESTIONS ABOUT TRAITS,
ACTORS AND ACCURACY
Tori McColez*, Jen Ladage*, and Marcel Yoder. Psychology Program, University of Illinois at
Springfield, Springfield, IL 62703
This study used a round-robin person perception methodology developed by Kenny and LaVoie
(1984) to test the Social Relations Model of person perception. In this round robin design
participants were placed in groups and rated the traits of others in the group at the same time they
are being rated by the members of the group. This technique yields estimates of three influences
on person perception, the actor, partner, and relationship effects. The actor effect refers to the
way an individual generally views others. The partner effect refers to the way an individual is
generally viewed by others. The relationship effect taps the unique interaction between two
individuals rating each other. By correlating actor and partner effects with others’ ratings, we
assessed accuracy of three perceptions: 1) actors’ perceptions of their own traits, 2) actors’
predictions of others’ perceptions of the actors’ trait, and 3) actors’ predictions of others’
perceptions of those others’ own trait (e.g., “She thinks she’s really pretty”). We found that
accuracy varied by trait. Generally, we found that individuals were more accurate when judging
facial attractiveness than when judging personality traits (e.g., narcissism). The results are
interpreted within the framework the Realistic Accuracy Model (RAM, Funder, 1995) that
organizes person perception into questions of what makes for good judges, good targets, good
traits, and good information.
12
MACROINVERTEBRATE BIOMASS AND ABUNDANCES FROM RESTORED
WETLANDS ALONG THE ILLINOIS RIVER FLOODPLAIN
Negro, Jaclyn M.*1 and Maria Lemke2. 1Biology Program, University of Illinois at Springfield,
Springfield, IL 62703. 2The Nature Conservancy, Peoria, IL 61602
We studied macroinvertebrate community dynamics in two restored floodplain wetlands that
differ in management strategies. Big Lake is a mitigation wetland with an unmanaged
connection to the Illinois River and Spunky Bottoms is an actively managed restored wetland
separated from the river. We collected monthly benthic samples from shoreline and open-water
habitats from March 2002 to February 2003. In Big Lake, total abundances increased from
13298±4654 ind m-2 (March) to 23926±4907 ind m-2 (December) and were higher compared to
those in Spunky Bottoms, which remained relatively steady throughout the year (range =
8,991±4,844 to 9227±4997 ind m-2). Total biomass ranged from 185±139 to 3437±1200 mg DM
m-2 and 320±197 to 1156±356 mg DM m-2 in Big Lake and Spunky Bottoms, respectively. Taxa
richness was 2-fold higher in Spunky Bottoms than Big Lake. Oligochaetes and Chironominae
dominated biomass and density in both wetlands. Some differences in community structure were
observed between these two wetlands including higher densities of mayflies (Caenis sp.),
damselflies, dragonflies, and caddisflies in Spunky Bottoms and higher biomass of Tanypodinae
in Big Lake. Our goal is provide diversity and production data to further understand how
connectivity and management decisions affect macroinvertebrate structure and function in
floodplain habitats.
A GREENER SYNTHETIC ROUTE TO THE ICl2- ANION. A GENERAL CHEMISTRY
SYNTHESIS EXPERIMENT INVOLVING INTERESTING REDOX CHEMISTRY.
Benjamin C. Owen* and Marc A. Klingshirn, Chemistry Program, University of Illinois at Springfield,
Springfield, IL 62703
Our interest lies in the development of ‘green’ laboratory experiments for undergraduate
laboratories. Green chemistry can most simply be defined as environmentally benign chemistry.
By applying the Principles of Green Chemistry, chemical processes can be modified with efforts
to reduce the risk to both the environment and the public. This work describes a greener
synthesis and the isolation of the dichloroiodate (ICl2-) anion as an insoluble salt. The
dichloroiodate anion has been found to be a useful halogenating agent in organic synthesis and a
possible antiseptic. Traditionally, its synthesis utilizes corrosive acid, the direct use of harmful
chlorine gas, and an inert environment. Here dilute acid is used, chlorine gas is generated in situ,
and the reaction is performed under normal laboratory conditions. Our work, described here,
characterizes the reaction mechanism, the isolation of the anion, and subsequent salt
characterization.
13
THE BACTERIAL ASSEMBLAGE AT THE AIR-WATER INTERFACE OF A
FRESHWATER LAKE WITH IMPLICATIONS FOR ORGANOPHOSPHATE
NUTRIENT CYCLING
Paver, Sara F.* and Michael J. Lemke. Biology Program, University of Illinois at Springfield,
Springfield, Il 62703
In fresh water, bacterial lysis causes the release of labile organophosphate cell components, such
as cell membrane phospholipids. These organophosphates likely provide a continuously
available phosphorus source in aquatic systems; however, their use has not been quantified. The
objective of this study was to compare the bacterial assemblage able to use organophosphates at
the air-water interface (AWI) to that in the sub-surface (SS). AWI and SS water samples (n=3)
were collected from the Emiquon Preserve (Lewiston, IL). Each water sample was separated
into three sub-samples: 1) unfractioned (U) and 2) bacteria separated by adhesion to n-octane
into those with hydrophobic (H) and non-hydrophobic (NH) cell surfaces. 16S rDNA (338F +
GC clamp and 518R) amplified from each sub-sample (i.e., U, H, NH) was separated by
denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). DGGE revealed three bands unique to the AWI
and a similarity of about 60% between H and NH sub-community profiles, with bands unique to
each. Samples were plated onto modified nutrient agar (mNA) and phospholipid
phosphatidyethanolamine (PE) enrichment agar. The number of culturable bacteria (CFU/ml) in
the AWI averaged 36.7 x 104 on mNA and 7.2 x 104 on PE, 23 and 29 times greater,
respectively, than in the SS. Bacteria able to metabolize PE were isolated from PE agar
(sequencing in progress). These findings indicate that the AWI assemblage is unique from the
SS, taxa in the H fraction are not found in the NH fraction, and organophosphates are a
potentially substantial source of phosphorus for bacteria.
UTILIZING MOLECULAR BARCODING TECHNIQUES TO DOCUMENT THE
RESTORATION OF THE EMIQUON PRESERVE
Kathleen Quinn*1, Michael Lemke1, Maria Lemke2. Leon Hinz3 and James Bonacum1
1
Biology Program, University of Illinois at Springfield, Springfield IL 62703, 2 The Nature Conservancy, Peoria, IL
61602, 3 Illinois Natural History Survey, Springfield, IL 62702
A novel application of molecular biology is its use as a tool for the identification of species also
known as molecular barcoding. This is meant to supplement traditional taxonomic approaches
that utilize morphological characters. Taxonomic diagnoses based upon morphology utilize keys
that often present difficulties for inexperienced investigators. Molecular characters on the other
hand have only four unambiguous character states (G,A,T and C.) If a particular gene region
combines high levels of interspecific variation with low levels of intraspecific variation, it can be
used to discriminate even among closely related species. Here we report the results of an
inventory of insects (Arthropoda:Hexapoda) collected at two sites, at the Emiquon preserve in
September of 2006. Species were identified to level of order using a morphological key. 7
orders were collected at the recently inundated Thompson Lake and 4 orders were collected in
drainage ditch sites that intersect the historical site of Flag Lake. Specimens were
photodocumented and DNA samples were extracted from representatives of each taxonomic unit.
A 642 BP region of the Cytochrome Oxidase subunit 1 gene, (COI) will be amplified and
sequenced for each sample to serve as a molecular barcode. A list of diagnostic sites will be
identified and tested to determine if they can be reliably used to identify species by comparing
them with previously published sequences and confirmed identification of the specimens by
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experts. The collection and sequence database will also serve as an historical record that can be
added to in future years to document the diversity present at Emiquon as its restoration proceeds.
BACTERIAL DIVERSITY AND WATER QUALITY OF ILLINOIS FLOODPLAIN
LAKES
Michelle Randle*1, Christine Hofmann*2, Keenan Dungey2, Michael Lemke1
Programs of Biology1 and Chemistry2, University of Illinois at Springfield, Springfield, IL 62703
Bacterial communities are comprised of species, each theoretically responding to physiochemical subtleties in the environment. The objectives were to determine if aquatic
bacterioplankton community differences 1) would be associated with river connectivity, habitat,
and particle association, and 2) were correlated to water quality parameters. Connected (Crane,
Chain, Mantanzas) and unconnected (Long, Spring, Emiquon) lakes were sampled (n=3) along
the Illinois River. Dissolved oxygen, pH, conductivity, turbidity, nutrients, chlorophyll-a, and
suspended solids were measured at the top and bottom of each lake. Top and bottom water
samples were filtered into particle-associated (>3.0) and non-associated fractions. DNA was
extracted and 180 bp rDNA fragments were amplified by PCR. PCR products were separated on
denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and results were analyzed using Pearson’s
Coefficient. Dendrograms showed clear separation between top and bottom samples within
particle-associated and free-living communities. There were twice as many total bacteria in the
connected systems (4 x 107 cells/ml). Canonical discriminate analysis revealed that unconnected
lakes were more closely grouped to one another than the connected lakes based on water quality
(e.g., dissolved total phosphate, particulate ammonia, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, and
chlorophyll-a). Top water analysis showed similar grouping (based on dissolved oxygen,
conductivity, chlorophyll-a, percent particle, particulate total phosphate, and particulate
nitrogen). This work suggests that while environmental characteristics may select for similar
assemblages on the landscape level (i.e., lakes within the river system), assemblage differences
are likely due to within-lake factors (i.e., on particles or on water surface vs. freely suspended)
and depth-dependent physicochemical conditions.
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Acknowledgements
Symposium Organizers
Lucia Vazquez (Coordinator)
Michael Lemke (Officiator)
Jo Patterson & Bev Weddle (Program & Misc)
Keenan Dungey (Advertising & Duplication)
Jim Bonacum (Announcements & Call for Papers)
Wayne Gade (Budget & Expenses)
Amy McEuen (Keynote Speaker)
Harshavarden Bapat (Room & Food Arrangements)
Mary Ellen McElligott (Conference Services)
Sponsors and Facilitators
Biology Department
Chemistry Department
Clinical Laboratory Science Department
The Biology Club
The Chemistry Club
Margot Duley, Dean CLAS
UIS Research Board
UIS Speaker’s Award Committee
College of Liberal Arts and Sciences
Judges
Oral Presentations
Dr. John Martin(ASP)
Dr. Yashanad Mhaskar (CHE)
Chad Eversgerd(BIO)
Poster Presentations
Dr. Marc Klingshirn (CHE)
Dr. Hua Chen(BIO)
Jeave L. Reserva (CHE)
Benjamin C. Owen (CHE)
Special acknowledgement to student advisors, mentors and collaborators - your guidance is
essential for the training of tomorrow’s scientists. Thank you.
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