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DRAFT ANALOG SOURCE SIGNALS & MEASUREMENT METHODS TEST TECHNOLOGY FRAMEWORK USER'S MANUAL Draft Version August 20, 1998 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 1 OVERVIEW ............................................................................................................................................ 1 IEEE 716-95 TRACEABILITY ............................................................................................................. 1 SIGNAL MODEL ConstantVoltage .............................................................................................. 2 DEFINITION .......................................................................................................................................... 2 TFF SIGNAL MODEL........................................................................................................................... 2 Interface ................................................................................................................................................................2 FORMAL SMML DEFINITION .......................................................................................................... 3 EXAMPLES ............................................................................................................................................ 3 Constant DC voltage .............................................................................................................................................3 Constant DC voltage with AC component ............................................................................................................4 SIGNAL MODEL StepVoltage ...................................................................................................... 5 DEFINITION .......................................................................................................................................... 5 TFF SIGNAL MODEL........................................................................................................................... 5 Interface ................................................................................................................................................................5 FORMAL SMML DEFINITION .......................................................................................................... 6 EXAMPLES ............................................................................................................................................ 7 Positive step voltage .............................................................................................................................................7 Positive step voltage with overshoot and DC-offset .............................................................................................8 SIGNAL MODEL SinusoidalPhaseVoltage ................................................................................. 9 DEFINITION .......................................................................................................................................... 9 TFF SIGNAL MODEL........................................................................................................................... 9 Interface ................................................................................................................................................................9 FORMAL SMML DEFINITION ........................................................................................................ 10 EXAMPLES .......................................................................................................................................... 10 SIGNAL MODEL SinusoidalVoltage ......................................................................................... 11 DEFINITION ........................................................................................................................................ 11 TFF SIGNAL MODEL......................................................................................................................... 11 Interface .............................................................................................................................................................. 11 FORMAL SMML DEFINITION ........................................................................................................ 12 EXAMPLES .......................................................................................................................................... 12 AC sinusoidal voltage ......................................................................................................................................... 12 AC sinusoidal voltage with noise and DC-offset components ............................................................................ 13 AC sinusoidal voltage with harmonic distortion ................................................................................................. 14 AC sinusoidal voltage with nonharmonic distortion ........................................................................................... 15 SIGNAL MODEL ThreePhaseWye............................................................................................. 16 DEFINITION ........................................................................................................................................ 16 TFF SIGNAL MODEL......................................................................................................................... 16 Interface .............................................................................................................................................................. 16 i FORMAL SMML DEFINITION ........................................................................................................ 17 EXAMPLES .......................................................................................................................................... 17 Three phase wye ................................................................................................................................................. 17 SIGNAL MODEL ThreePhaseDelta ........................................................................................... 18 DEFINITION ........................................................................................................................................ 18 TFF SIGNAL MODEL......................................................................................................................... 18 Interface .............................................................................................................................................................. 18 FORMAL SMML DEFINITION ........................................................................................................ 19 EXAMPLES .......................................................................................................................................... 19 Three phase delta ................................................................................................................................................ 19 SIGNAL MODEL SquareWaveVoltage ...................................................................................... 20 DEFINITION ........................................................................................................................................ 20 TFF SIGNAL MODEL......................................................................................................................... 20 Interface .............................................................................................................................................................. 20 FORMAL SMML DEFINITION ........................................................................................................ 21 EXAMPLES .......................................................................................................................................... 22 Square wave voltage with 50% duty cycle ......................................................................................................... 22 Square wave voltage with rise time, fall time, overshoot, undershoot and DC-offset ........................................ 23 SIGNAL MODEL RampVoltage ................................................................................................. 24 DEFINITION ........................................................................................................................................ 24 TFF SIGNAL MODEL......................................................................................................................... 24 Interface .............................................................................................................................................................. 24 EXAMPLES .......................................................................................................................................... 26 Positive ramp voltage .......................................................................................................................................... 26 Positive ramp voltage with DC-offset ................................................................................................................. 27 SIGNAL MODEL TriangularWaveVoltage ............................................................................... 28 DEFINITION ........................................................................................................................................ 28 TFF SIGNAL MODEL......................................................................................................................... 28 Interface .............................................................................................................................................................. 28 FORMAL SMML DEFINITION ........................................................................................................ 29 EXAMPLES .......................................................................................................................................... 29 Triangular wave voltage ..................................................................................................................................... 29 Triangular wave voltage with DC-offset............................................................................................................. 30 SIGNAL MODEL PulsedDCVoltage .......................................................................................... 31 DEFINITION ........................................................................................................................................ 31 TFF SIGNAL MODEL......................................................................................................................... 31 Interface .............................................................................................................................................................. 31 FORMAL SMML DEFINITION ........................................................................................................ 32 EXAMPLES .......................................................................................................................................... 33 Pulsed DC voltage .............................................................................................................................................. 33 ii Pulsed DC voltage with rise time, fall time, overshoot, undershoot and DC-offset ........................................... 34 SIGNAL MODEL BurstVoltage .................................................................................................. 35 DEFINITION ........................................................................................................................................ 35 TFF SIGNAL MODEL......................................................................................................................... 35 Interface .............................................................................................................................................................. 35 FORMAL SMML DEFINITION ........................................................................................................ 36 EXAMPLES .......................................................................................................................................... 36 Sinusoidal wave voltage burst............................................................................................................................. 36 Sinusoidal wave voltage burst, multiple cycles .................................................................................................. 37 SIGNAL MODEL BurstRepVoltage ........................................................................................... 38 DEFINITION ........................................................................................................................................ 38 TFF SIGNAL MODEL......................................................................................................................... 38 Interface .............................................................................................................................................................. 38 FORMAL SMML DEFINITION ........................................................................................................ 39 EXAMPLES .......................................................................................................................................... 40 Sinusoidal wave voltage burst, repeated ............................................................................................................. 40 Sinusoidal wave voltage burst, multiple cycles, repeated ................................................................................... 41 Triangular wave voltage burst, multiple cycles, repeated ................................................................................... 42 SIGNAL MODEL AMVoltage..................................................................................................... 43 SIGNAL DEFINITION ........................................................................................................................ 43 TFF SIGNAL MODEL......................................................................................................................... 43 Interface .............................................................................................................................................................. 43 FORMAL SMML DEFINITION ........................................................................................................ 44 EXAMPLES .......................................................................................................................................... 44 AM voltage ......................................................................................................................................................... 44 SIGNAL MODEL SupCarVoltage .............................................................................................. 45 DEFINITION ........................................................................................................................................ 45 TFF SIGNAL MODEL......................................................................................................................... 45 Interface .............................................................................................................................................................. 45 FORMAL SMML DEFINITION ........................................................................................................ 46 EXAMPLES .......................................................................................................................................... 46 Suppressed carrier voltage .................................................................................................................................. 46 SIGNAL MODEL PAMVoltage .................................................................................................. 47 DEFINITION ........................................................................................................................................ 47 TFF SIGNAL MODEL......................................................................................................................... 47 Interface .............................................................................................................................................................. 47 FORMAL SMML DEFINITION ........................................................................................................ 48 EXAMPLES .......................................................................................................................................... 48 Pulsed amplitude modulated voltage .................................................................................................................. 48 iii SIGNAL MODEL PMVoltage ..................................................................................................... 49 DEFINITION ........................................................................................................................................ 49 TFF SIGNAL MODEL......................................................................................................................... 49 Interface .............................................................................................................................................................. 49 FORMAL SMML DEFINITION ........................................................................................................ 50 EXAMPLES .......................................................................................................................................... 50 Phase modulated voltage ..................................................................................................................................... 50 SIGNAL MODEL FMVoltage..................................................................................................... 51 DEFINITION ........................................................................................................................................ 51 TFF SIGNAL MODEL......................................................................................................................... 51 Interface .............................................................................................................................................................. 51 FORMAL SMML DEFINITION ........................................................................................................ 52 EXAMPLES .......................................................................................................................................... 52 Frequency modulated voltage ............................................................................................................................. 52 MEASUREMENT MODEL averageAbsoluteMethod ............................................................... 53 DEFINITION ........................................................................................................................................ 53 TFF MEASUREMENT MODEL ........................................................................................................ 53 Interface .............................................................................................................................................................. 53 Usage Rules ........................................................................................................................................................ 53 FORMAL SMML DEFINITION ........................................................................................................ 54 EXAMPLES .......................................................................................................................................... 54 MEASUREMENT MODEL averageMethod .............................................................................. 55 DEFINITION ........................................................................................................................................ 55 TFF MEASUREMENT MODEL ........................................................................................................ 55 Interface .............................................................................................................................................................. 55 Usage Rules ........................................................................................................................................................ 55 FORMAL SMML DEFINITION ........................................................................................................ 57 EXAMPLES .......................................................................................................................................... 57 MEASUREMENT MODEL frequencyMethod .......................................................................... 58 DEFINITION ........................................................................................................................................ 58 TFF MEASUREMENT MODEL ........................................................................................................ 58 Interface .............................................................................................................................................................. 58 Usage Rules ........................................................................................................................................................ 58 FORMAL SMML DEFINITION ........................................................................................................ 59 EXAMPLES .......................................................................................................................................... 59 MEASUREMENT MODEL peakMethod ................................................................................... 60 DEFINITION ........................................................................................................................................ 60 TFF MEASUREMENT MODEL ........................................................................................................ 60 iv Interface .............................................................................................................................................................. 60 Usage Rules ........................................................................................................................................................ 60 FORMAL SMML DEFINITION ........................................................................................................ 61 EXAMPLES .......................................................................................................................................... 61 MEASUREMENT MODEL peakToPeakMethod ...................................................................... 62 DEFINITION ........................................................................................................................................ 62 TFF MEASUREMENT MODEL ........................................................................................................ 62 Interface .............................................................................................................................................................. 62 Usage Rules ........................................................................................................................................................ 62 FORMAL SMML DEFINITION ........................................................................................................ 63 EXAMPLES .......................................................................................................................................... 63 MEASUREMENT MODEL periodMethod ................................................................................ 64 DEFINITION ........................................................................................................................................ 64 TFF MEASUREMENT MODEL ........................................................................................................ 64 Interface .............................................................................................................................................................. 64 Usage Rules ........................................................................................................................................................ 64 FORMAL SMML DEFINITION ........................................................................................................ 65 EXAMPLES .......................................................................................................................................... 65 MEASUREMENT MODEL phaseAngleMethod ....................................................................... 66 DEFINITION ........................................................................................................................................ 66 TFF SIGNAL MODEL......................................................................................................................... 66 Interface .............................................................................................................................................................. 66 Usage Rules ........................................................................................................................................................ 66 FORMAL SMML DEFINITION ........................................................................................................ 67 EXAMPLES .......................................................................................................................................... 67 MEASUREMENT MODEL trueRMSMethod ........................................................................... 68 DEFINITION ........................................................................................................................................ 68 TFF MEASUREMENT MODEL ........................................................................................................ 68 Interface .............................................................................................................................................................. 68 Usage Rules ........................................................................................................................................................ 68 FORMAL SMML DEFINITION ........................................................................................................ 69 EXAMPLES .......................................................................................................................................... 69 APPENDIX A - COMPONENT MODELS ................................................................................ 70 COMPONENT MODEL ACComp.............................................................................................. 70 DEFINITION ........................................................................................................................................ 70 TFF SIGNAL MODEL......................................................................................................................... 70 Interface .............................................................................................................................................................. 70 FORMAL SMML DEFINITION ........................................................................................................ 70 v COMPONENT MODEL DCOffset ............................................................................................. 71 DEFINITION ........................................................................................................................................ 71 TFF SIGNAL MODEL......................................................................................................................... 71 Interface .............................................................................................................................................................. 71 FORMAL SMML DEFINITION ........................................................................................................ 71 COMPONENT MODEL Harmonic ............................................................................................ 72 DEFINITION ........................................................................................................................................ 72 TFF SIGNAL MODEL......................................................................................................................... 72 Interface .............................................................................................................................................................. 72 FORMAL SMML DEFINITION ........................................................................................................ 72 COMPONENT MODEL NoiseComp.......................................................................................... 73 DEFINITION ........................................................................................................................................ 73 TFF SIGNAL MODEL......................................................................................................................... 73 Interface .............................................................................................................................................................. 73 FORMAL SMML DEFINITION ........................................................................................................ 73 COMPONENT MODEL NonHarmonic ..................................................................................... 74 DEFINITION ........................................................................................................................................ 74 TFF SIGNAL MODEL......................................................................................................................... 74 Interface .............................................................................................................................................................. 74 FORMAL SMML DEFINITION ........................................................................................................ 74 COMPONENT MODEL Overshoot ............................................................................................ 75 DEFINITION ........................................................................................................................................ 75 TFF SIGNAL MODEL......................................................................................................................... 75 Interface .............................................................................................................................................................. 75 FORMAL SMML DEFINITION ........................................................................................................ 75 COMPONENT MODEL Undershoot ......................................................................................... 76 DEFINITION ........................................................................................................................................ 76 TFF SIGNAL MODEL......................................................................................................................... 76 Interface .............................................................................................................................................................. 76 FORMAL SMML DEFINITION ........................................................................................................ 76 APPENDIX B - PARAMETER DEFINITIONS ........................................................................ 77 vi INTRODUCTION OVERVIEW This document defines the contents and interfaces of the analog class of source signals and measurement methods using Signal and Method Modeling Language (SMML). All signals and methods are coded using formal math definitions to eliminate ambiguities. This document accompanies SMML program files ANALOG_SOURCE.LHS, ANALOG_SOURCE_EXAMPLES.LHS, ANALOG_METHODS.LHS, ANALOG_METHODS_EXAMPLES.LHS and COMPONENT.LHS. Each signal or method is identified by its Model Name followed by a word definition. Next, the Test Foundation Framework (TFF) model is presented, detailing the interface parameters, terminals and service list, and any Usage Rules notes, if applicable. (Required interface parameters are noted using a trailing "R" designation; all other parameters are optional.) Finally, the Formal Signal and Method Modeling Language definition is presented, followed by instance examples and plot figures. IEEE 716-95 TRACEABILITY The signal models and definitions are traceable to IEEE 716-95 in the following way: The IEEE ATLAS 716-95 Standard Chapters 16 and 17 provided the basis for the requirements, nouns and noun modifiers used in the SMML vocabulary. For example, the sinusoidal voltage requirement is drawn from the ATLAS IEEE ATLAS 716-95 Standard "AC SIGNAL" noun. The Standard's noun modifier vocabulary for AC SIGNAL was extracted and then expanded by considering all prefix and suffix combinations (e.g., VOLTAGE-AV, VOLTAGE-P, etc.) and multiple dimensional quantities for the same modifier (e.g., DC OFFSET, CURRENT and VOLTAGE). A further refinement distinguished primary signal characteristics from component signals. Component signals are those characteristics that modify or skew the signal from its "pure" state (e.g., DC OFFSET, OVERSHOOT, NOISE, etc.). 1 of 79 Constant Voltage SIGNAL MODEL ConstantVoltage DEFINITION An unvarying electrical potential. TFF SIGNAL MODEL Interface (signalModel ConstantVoltage ( ; start the set of signal attributes ( Analog ( Source ( Voltage ( V variant ) ( NoiseRatio ( Db variant ) ( Current ( A variant ) ( Power ( W variant ) ) ;end the set of signal attributes (terminal HI LO ) ;end the set of terminals (serviceList apply change connect disconnect remove reset setup ) ;end the set of services ) ;end the signalModel Analog Source Signals R ) ) ) ) ) ) 2 of 79 Constant Voltage FORMAL SMML DEFINITION > > ConstantVoltage { voltage :: dep, component :: [ ComponentSignal indep dep ] } > > > toSig ConstantVoltage { voltage,component } = let sig = constant voltage in sumSig sig ( sumSigList component ) EXAMPLES Constant DC voltage > cleanDC :: Analog_Source Time Voltage > cleanDC = ConstantVoltage > { voltage = (V 1.0), > component = [ ] } 2 1 0 -1 -2 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 Figure 1: Plot of constant DC voltage Analog Source Signals 3 of 79 Constant Voltage Constant DC voltage with AC component > dcwAC :: Analog_Source Time Voltage > dcwAC = ConstantVoltage > { voltage = (V 1.0), > component = [ ACComp { componentVoltageP = (V 0.1), > componentFreq = (Hz 100.0) } ] } 2 1 0 -1 -2 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 Figure 2: Plot of constant DC voltage with AC component Analog Source Signals 4 of 79 Step Voltage SIGNAL MODEL StepVoltage DEFINITION A change of DC electrical potential from one level to another, either positive or negative. TFF SIGNAL MODEL Interface (signalModel StepVoltage ( ; start the set of signal attributes ( Analog ( Source ( VoltageP ( V variant ( RiseTime ( Sec variant ( OvershootRatio ( Pc variant ( PreshootRatio ( Pc variant ( Ringing ( Pc variant ( NoiseRatio ( Db variant ) ;end the set of signal attributes (terminal HI LO ) ;end the set of terminals (serviceList apply change connect disconnect remove reset setup ) ;end the set of services ) ;end the signalModel Analog Source Signals ) ) ) ) ) ) R R ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) 5 of 79 Step Voltage FORMAL SMML DEFINITION > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > StepVoltage { voltageP :: dep, riseTime :: indep, component :: [ ComponentSignal indep dep ] } toSig StepVoltage { voltageP,riseTime,component } = let inf = 1000000000000000 ttime = (fromPhysical riseTime) * 1.25 slope = (fromPhysical voltageP) / ttime zero = constant (toPhysical 0.0) wins = Window LocalZero (TimeEvent 0.0) zero |> Window LocalZero (TimeEvent ttime) (linear slope (toPhysical 0.0)) |> Window LocalZero (TimeEvent inf) (constant voltageP) |> nullWindow in sumSig (pieceRep wins) ( sumSigList component ) Analog Source Signals 6 of 79 Step Voltage EXAMPLES Positive step voltage > cleanStep :: Analog_Source Time Voltage > cleanStep = StepVoltage > { voltageP = (V 1.0), > riseTime = (Sec 0.001), > component = [ ] } 2 1 0 -1 -2 -0.01 -0.005 0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035 0.04 Figure 3: Plot of positive step voltage Analog Source Signals 7 of 79 Step Voltage Positive step voltage with overshoot and DC-offset > stepwOvDC :: Analog_Source Time Voltage > stepwOvDC = StepVoltage > { voltageP = (V 1.0), > riseTime = (Sec 0.001), > component = [ Overshoot > { > > > > DCOffset { startTime = (Sec (0.001 * 1.25)), componentVoltageP = (V 0.2), componentFreq = (Khz 2.0), dampingFactor = 2.0e3 }, componentVoltage = (V 1.0) } ] } 2 1 0 -1 -2 -0.01 -0.005 0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035 0.04 Figure 4: Plot of positive step voltage with overshoot and DC-offset Analog Source Signals 8 of 79 Sinusoidal Phase Voltage SIGNAL MODEL SinusoidalPhaseVoltage DEFINITION A sinusoidal time-varying electric potential with phase-shifting. TFF SIGNAL MODEL Interface (signalModel SinusoidalPhaseVoltage ( ; start the set of signal attributes ( Analog ( Source ( VoltageP ( V variant ( Freq ( Hz variant ( PhaseAngle ( Deg variant ( HarmonicsRatio ( Db variant ( NonHarmonicsRatio ( Db variant ( NoiseRatio ( Db variant ( Current ( A variant ( Power ( W variant ) ;end the set of signal attributes (terminal HI LO ) ;end the set of terminals (serviceList apply change connect disconnect remove reset setup ) ;end the set of services ) ;end the signalModel Analog Source Signals ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) R R R ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) 9 of 79 Sinusoidal Phase Voltage FORMAL SMML DEFINITION > > > > SinusoidalPhaseVoltage { voltageP freq phaseAngle component :: :: :: :: dep, Frequency, PlaneAngle, [ ComponentSignal indep dep ] } > > > > > toSig SinusoidalPhaseVoltage {voltageP,freq,phaseAngle,component}= let sig = toSig Sine_wave { amplitude = voltageP, frequency = freq, phase_angle = phaseAngle } in sumSig sig ( sumSigList component ) EXAMPLES Refer to SinusoidalVoltage, ThreePhaseWye or ThreePhaseDelta examples below. Analog Source Signals 10 of 79 Sinusoidal Voltage SIGNAL MODEL SinusoidalVoltage DEFINITION A sinusoidal time-varying electric potential (without phase-shifting). TFF SIGNAL MODEL Interface (signalModel SinusoidalVoltage ( ; start the set of signal attributes ( Analog ( Source ( VoltageP ( V variant ( Freq ( Hz variant ( HarmonicsRatio ( Db variant ( NonHarmonicsRatio ( Db variant ( NoiseRatio ( Db variant ( Current ( A variant ( Power ( W variant ) ;end the set of signal attributes (terminal HI LO ) ;end the set of terminals (serviceList apply change connect disconnect remove reset setup ) ;end the set of services ) ;end the signalModel Analog Source Signals ) ) ) ) ) ) ) R R ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) 11 of 79 Sinusoidal Voltage FORMAL SMML DEFINITION > > > SinusoidalPhaseVoltage { voltageP freq component > > > > > :: dep, :: Frequency, :: [ ComponentSignal indep dep ] } toSig SinusoidalVoltage { voltageP,freq,component } = toSig SinusoidalPhaseVoltage { voltageP = voltageP, freq = freq, phaseAngle = (Deg 0.0), component = component } EXAMPLES AC sinusoidal voltage > cleanAC :: Analog_Source Time Voltage > cleanAC = SinusoidalVoltage > { voltageP = (V 1.0), > freq = (Hz 100), > component = [ ] } 2 1 0 -1 -2 0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035 0.04 Figure 5: Plot of AC sinusoidal voltage Analog Source Signals 12 of 79 Sinusoidal Voltage AC sinusoidal voltage with noise and DC-offset components > noisyAC :: Analog_Source Time Voltage > noisyAC = SinusoidalVoltage > { voltageP = (V 1.0), > freq = (Hz 100), > component = [ NoiseComp {componentVoltageP = (V 0.1), > componentFreq = (Khz 10.0)}, > DCOffset {componentVoltage = (V 1.0) } ] } 2 1 0 -1 -2 0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035 0.04 Figure 6: Plot of AC sinusoidal voltage with noise and DC-offset Analog Source Signals 13 of 79 Sinusoidal Voltage AC sinusoidal voltage with harmonic distortion > harmonicAC :: Analog_Source Time Voltage > harmonicAC = SinusoidalVoltage > { voltageP = (V 1.0), > freq = (Hz 100), > component = [ Harmonic {componentVoltageP = (V 0.25), > fundamentalFreq = (Hz 100), > harmonicNumber = 5 } ] } Figure 7: Plot of AC sinusoidal voltage with harmonic distortion Analog Source Signals 14 of 79 Sinusoidal Voltage AC sinusoidal voltage with nonharmonic distortion > nonHarmonicAC :: Analog_Source Time Voltage > nonHarmonicAC = SinusoidalVoltage > { voltageP = (V 1.0), > freq = (Hz 100), > component = [NonHarmonic {componentVoltageP = (V 0.25), > componentFreq = (Hz 199) } ] } Figure 8: Plot of AC sinusoidal voltage with nonharmonic distortion Analog Source Signals 15 of 79 Three Phase Delta SIGNAL MODEL ThreePhaseWye DEFINITION A sinusoidal time-varying electric potential, with multiple phases electrically referenced to a common neutral. TFF SIGNAL MODEL Interface (signalModel ThreePhaseWye ( ; start the set of signal attributes ( Analog ( Source ( VoltagePhaseA ( V variant ( VoltagePhaseB ( V variant ( VoltagePhaseC ( V variant ( Freq ( Hz variant ( HarmonicsRatio ( Db variant ( NoiseRatio ( Db variant ( NonHarmonicsRatio ( Db variant ( CurrentPhaseA ( A variant ( CurrentPhaseB ( A variant ( CurrentPhaseC ( A variant ( Power ( W variant ) ;end the set of signal attributes (terminal HI LO ) ;end the set of terminals (serviceList apply change connect disconnect remove reset setup ) ;end the set of services ) ;end the signalModel Analog Source Signals ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) R R R R ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) 16 of 79 Three Phase Delta FORMAL SMML DEFINITION > threePhaseWye voltagePhaseA voltagePhaseB voltagePhaseC freq = > let phaseA = SinusoidalPhaseVoltage { > voltageP = voltagePhaseA, > freq = freq, > phaseAngle = (Deg 0.0), > component = [ ] } > phaseB = SinusoidalPhaseVoltage { > voltageP = voltagePhaseB, > freq = freq, > phaseAngle = (Deg 120.0), > component = [ ] } > phaseC = SinusoidalPhaseVoltage { > voltageP = voltagePhaseC, > freq = freq, > phaseAngle = (Deg 240.0), > component = [ ] } > in (phaseA, phaseB, phaseC) EXAMPLES Three phase wye > phaseA,phaseB,phaseC :: Analog_Source Time Voltage > (phaseA, phaseB, phaseC)=threePhaseWye (V 1.0)(V 1.0)(V 1.0)(Hz 100) "phaseA.plt" "phaseB.plt" "phaseC.plt" 2 1 0 -1 -2 0 0.005 Analog Source Signals 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035 0.04 17 of 79 Three Phase Delta SIGNAL MODEL ThreePhaseDelta DEFINITION A sinusoidal time-varying electric potential, with multiple phases electrically referenced to each other. TFF SIGNAL MODEL Interface (signalModel ThreePhaseDelta ( ; start the set of signal attributes ( Analog ( Source ( VoltagePhaseAC ( V variant ( VoltagePhaseBA ( V variant ( VoltagePhaseCB ( V variant ( Freq ( Hz variant ( HarmonicsRatio ( Db variant ( NoiseRatio ( Db variant ( NonHarmonicsRatio ( Db variant ( CurrentPhaseAC ( A variant ( CurrentPhaseBA ( A variant ( CurrentPhaseCB ( A variant ( Power ( W variant ) ;end the set of signal attributes (terminal HI LO ) ;end the set of terminals (serviceList apply change connect disconnect remove reset setup ) ;end the set of services ) ;end the signalModel Analog Source Signals ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) R R R R ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) 18 of 79 Three Phase Delta FORMAL SMML DEFINITION > threePhaseDelta voltagePhaseAC voltagePhaseBA voltagePhaseCB freq = > let phaseAC = SinusoidalPhaseVoltage { voltageP = voltagePhaseAC, > freq = freq, > phaseAngle = (Deg 0.0), > component = [ ] } > phaseBA = SinusoidalPhaseVoltage { voltageP = voltagePhaseBA, > freq = freq, > phaseAngle = (Deg 120.0), > component = [ ] } > phaseCB = SinusoidalPhaseVoltage { voltageP = voltagePhaseCB, > freq = freq, > phaseAngle = (Deg 240.0), > component = [ ] } > in (phaseAC, phaseBA, phaseCB) EXAMPLES Three phase delta > phaseAC,phaseBA,phaseCB :: Analog_Source Time Voltage > (phaseAC, phaseBA, phaseCB) = threePhaseDelta (V 1.0) (V 1.0) (V 1.0) (Hz 100) "phaseAC.plt" "phaseBA.plt" "phaseCB.plt" 2 1 0 -1 -2 0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035 0.04 Figure 10: Plot of three phase delta, phase AC Analog Source Signals 19 of 79 Square Wave Voltage SIGNAL MODEL SquareWaveVoltage DEFINITION A periodic wave that alternately assumes one of two fixed values of amplitude for equal lengths of time. The transition time between the fixed values is relatively small with respect to the period. TFF SIGNAL MODEL Interface (signalModel SquareWaveVoltage ( ; start the set of signal attributes ( Analog ( Source ( VoltageP ( V variant ( Freq ( Hz variant ( RiseTime ( Sec variant ( FallTime ( Sec variant ( DutyCycle ( Pc variant ( Droop ( Pc variant ( PreshootRatio ( Pc variant ( OvershootRatio ( Pc variant ( UndershootRatio ( Pc variant ( Ringing ( Pc variant ( Rounding ( Pc variant ( NoiseRatio ( Db variant ( CurrentTrms ( A variant ( PowerTrms ( W variant ) ;end the set of signal attributes (terminal HI LO ) ;end the set of terminals (serviceList apply change connect disconnect remove reset setup ) ;end the set of services ) ;end the signalModel Analog Source Signals ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) R R R R R ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) 20 of 79 Square Wave Voltage FORMAL SMML DEFINITION > > > > > > SquareWaveVoltage { voltageP freq riseTime fallTime dutyCycle component :: :: :: :: :: :: dep, Frequency, indep, indep, Float, [ ComponentSignal indep dep ] } > toSig SquareWaveVoltage{ voltageP,freq,riseTime,fallTime,dutyCycle,component } = > let rt = (fromPhysical riseTime) > ft = (fromPhysical fallTime) > rd = rt * 1.25 > fd = ft * 1.25 > stp = 0.5 * rd > per = 1 / (fromPhysical freq) > ontime = (dutyCycle / 100) * per > ppw = (ontime) - (0.5 * (rd + fd)) > level = (fromPhysical voltageP) > pcycle = Trapezoid { start_time = (toPhysical stp), > rise_time = (toPhysical rt), > pulse_width = (toPhysical ppw), > amplitude = (toPhysical level), > fall_time = (toPhysical ft) } > stn = stp + ontime > offtime = per - ontime > npw = (offtime) - (0.5 * (rd + fd)) > ncycle = Trapezoid { start_time = (toPhysical stn), > rise_time = (toPhysical rt), > pulse_width = (toPhysical npw), > amplitude = (toPhysical (-level)), > fall_time = (toPhysical ft) } > cycle = sumSig pcycle ncycle > wins=Window LocalZero (TimeEvent per)(sumSig (cycle)(sumSigList component)) |> > nullWindow > in pieceRep (cycleWindows wins) Analog Source Signals 21 of 79 Square Wave Voltage EXAMPLES Square wave voltage with 50% duty cycle > cleanSquare :: Analog_Source Time Voltage > cleanSquare = SquareWaveVoltage > { voltageP = (V 1.0), > freq = (Hz 100.0), > riseTime = (Sec 0.0), > fallTime = (Sec 0.0), > dutyCycle = 50.0, > component = [ ] } 2 1 0 -1 -2 0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035 0.04 Figure 11: Plot of square wave voltage with 50% duty cycle Analog Source Signals 22 of 79 Square Wave Voltage Square wave voltage with rise time, fall time, overshoot, undershoot and DC-offset > squarewOUDC :: Analog_Source Time Voltage > squarewOUDC = SquareWaveVoltage > { voltageP = (V 1.0), > freq = (Hz 100.0), > riseTime = (Sec 0.001), > fallTime = (Sec 0.001), > dutyCycle = 50.0, > component = [Overshoot NOTE: startTime for overshoot = risetime * 1.25 > > > > > { startTime = (Sec (0.001 * 1.25)), componentVoltageP = (V 0.2), componentFreq = (Khz 2.0), dampingFactor = 2.0e3 }, Undershoot NOTE: startTime for undershoot =((dutycycle/100)*period)+(1.25* risetime) > > > > > { startTime = (Sec (0.005 + (0.001 * 1.25))), componentVoltageP = (V 0.2), componentFreq = (Khz 2.0), dampingFactor = 2.0e3}, DCOffset { componentVoltage = (V 1.0) } ] } 2 1 0 -1 -2 0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035 0.04 Figure 12: Plot of square wave voltage with rise time, fall time, overshoot,undershoot and DC-offset Analog Source Signals 23 of 79 Ramp Voltage SIGNAL MODEL RampVoltage DEFINITION A periodic waveform whose instantaneous value varies alternately and linearly between two specified values (initial and alternate). The interval required to transition from the initial value to the alternate value shall not be equal to the interval to transition from the alternate value to the initial value. TFF SIGNAL MODEL Interface (signalModel RampVoltage ( ; start the set of signal attributes ( Analog ( Source ( VoltageP ( V variant ) ( Freq ( Hz variant ) ( FallTime ( Sec variant ) ( RiseTime ( Sec variant ) ( NonLin ( Pc variant ) ( PeakDegen ( Pc variant ) ( NoiseRatio ( Db variant ) ( CurrentTrms ( A variant ) ( PowerTrms ( W variant ) ) ;end the set of signal attributes (terminal HI LO ) ;end the set of terminals (serviceList apply change connect disconnect remove reset setup ) ;end the set of services ) ;end the signalModel Analog Source Signals R R R R ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) 24 of 79 Ramp Voltage FORMAL SMML DEFINITION > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > RampVoltage { voltageP :: freq :: riseTime :: fallTime :: component:: dep, Frequency, indep, indep, [ ComponentSignal indep dep ] } toSig RampVoltage { voltageP,freq,riseTime,fallTime,component } = let level = fromPhysical voltageP rdur = (fromPhysical riseTime) * 1.25 rslope = (level / rdur) fdur = (fromPhysical fallTime) * 1.25 fslope = ((-level) / fdur) con = (1/(fromPhysical freq)) - rdur - fdur wins = Window LocalZero (TimeEvent rdur) (linear rslope (toPhysical 0.0)) |> Window LocalZero (TimeEvent fdur) (linear fslope voltageP) |> Window LocalZero (TimeEvent con) (constant (toPhysical 0.0)) |> nullWindow in sumSig (pieceRep (cycleWindows wins)) (sumSigList component) Analog Source Signals 25 of 79 Ramp Voltage EXAMPLES Positive ramp voltage > cleanRamp :: Analog_Source > cleanRamp = RampVoltage > { voltageP = > freq = > riseTime = > fallTime = > component = Time Voltage (V 1.0), (Hz 100.0), (Sec 0.005), (Sec 0.0), [ ] } 2 1 0 -1 -2 0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035 0.04 Figure 13: Plot of positive ramp voltage Analog Source Signals 26 of 79 Ramp Voltage Positive ramp voltage with DC-offset > rampwDC :: Analog_Source Time Voltage > rampwDC = RampVoltage > { voltageP = (V 1.0), > freq = (Hz 100.0), > riseTime = (Sec 0.005), > fallTime = (Sec 0.001), > component = [ DCOffset { componentVoltage = (V 1.0) } ] } 2 1 0 -1 -2 0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035 0.04 Figure 14: Plot of positive ramp voltage with DC-offset Analog Source Signals 27 of 79 Triangular Wave Voltage SIGNAL MODEL TriangularWaveVoltage DEFINITION A periodic waveform whose instantaneous value varies alternately and linearly between two specified values (initial and alternate). The interval required to transition from the initial value to the alternate value shall be equal to the interval to transition from the alternate value to the initial value. TFF SIGNAL MODEL Interface (signalModel TriangularWaveVoltage ( ; start the set of signal attributes ( Analog ( Source ( VoltageP ( V variant ) ( Freq ( Hz variant ) ( NonLin ( Pc variant ) ( PeakDegen ( Pc variant ) ( NoiseRatio ( Db variant ) ( CurrentTrms ( A variant ) ( PowerTrms ( W variant ) ) ;end the set of signal attributes (terminal HI LO ) ;end the set of terminals (serviceList apply change connect disconnect remove reset setup ) ;end the set of services ) ;end the signalModel Analog Source Signals R R ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) 28 of 79 Triangular Wave Voltage FORMAL SMML DEFINITION > > > TriangularWaveVoltage { voltageP :: dep, freq :: Frequency, component:: [ ComponentSignal indep dep ] } > > > > > > > > > toSig TriangularWaveVoltage { voltageP,freq,component } = let rt = (0.5 * (1/(fromPhysical freq))) / 1.25 ft = rt tri = RampVoltage{ voltageP = voltageP, freq = freq, riseTime = (toPhysical rt), fallTime = (toPhysical ft), component = component } in toSig tri EXAMPLES Triangular wave voltage > cleanTri :: Analog_Source Time Voltage > cleanTri = TriangularWaveVoltage > { voltageP = (V 1.0), > freq = (Hz 100.0), > component = [ ] } 2 1 0 -1 -2 0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035 0.04 T Figure 15: Plot of triangular wave voltage Analog Source Signals 29 of 79 Triangular Wave Voltage Triangular wave voltage with DC-offset > triwDC :: Analog_Source Time Voltage > triwDC = TriangularWaveVoltage > { voltageP = (V 1.0), > freq = (Hz 100.0), > component = [ DCOffset {componentVoltage = (V 1.0)} ] } 2 1 0 -1 -2 0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035 0.04 Figure 16: Plot of triangular wave voltage with DC-offset Analog Source Signals 30 of 79 Pulsed DC Voltage SIGNAL MODEL PulsedDCVoltage DEFINITION An EMF characterized by short duration periods of direct current electrical potential. TFF SIGNAL MODEL Interface (signalModel PulsedDCVoltage ( ; start the set of signal attributes ( Analog ( Source ( VoltageP ( V variant ( Freq ( Hz variant ( RiseTime ( Sec variant ( FallTime ( Sec variant ( PulseWidth ( Sec variant ( Droop ( Pc variant ( PreshootRatio ( Pc variant ( OvershootRatio ( Pc variant ( UndershootRatio ( Pc variant ( Ringing ( Pc variant ( Rounding ( Pc variant ( NoiseRatio ( Db variant ( CurrentTrms ( A variant ( PowerTrms ( W variant ) ;end the set of signal attributes (terminal HI LO ) ;end the set of terminals (serviceList apply change connect disconnect remove reset setup ) ;end the set of services ) ;end the signalModel Analog Source Signals ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) R R R R R ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) 31 of 79 Pulsed DC Voltage FORMAL SMML DEFINITION > > > > > > PulsedDCVoltage { voltageP :: dep, freq :: Frequency, riseTime :: indep, fallTime :: indep, pulseWidth :: indep, component :: [ ComponentSignal indep dep ] } > toSig PulsedDCVoltage { voltageP,freq,riseTime,fallTime,pulseWidth,component } = > let rt = (fromPhysical riseTime) > rd = rt * 1.25 > stp = 0.5 * rd > per = 1 / (fromPhysical freq) > cycle = Trapezoid { start_time = (toPhysical stp), > rise_time = riseTime, > pulse_width = pulseWidth, > amplitude = voltageP, > fall_time = fallTime } > wins = Window LocalZero (TimeEvent per)(sumSig (cycle)(sumSigList component)) |> > nullWindow > in pieceRep (cycleWindows wins) Analog Source Signals 32 of 79 Pulsed DC Voltage EXAMPLES Pulsed DC voltage > cleanpulsedDC :: Analog_Source Time Voltage > cleanpulsedDC = PulsedDCVoltage > { voltageP = (V 1.0), > freq = (Hz 100.0), > riseTime = (Sec 0.0), > fallTime = (Sec 0.0), > pulseWidth = (Sec 0.005), > component = [ ] } 2 1 0 -1 -2 0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035 0.04 Figure 17: Plot of pulsed DC voltage Analog Source Signals 33 of 79 Pulsed DC Voltage Pulsed DC voltage with rise time, fall time, overshoot, undershoot and DC-offset > pulsedDCwOUDC :: Analog_Source Time Voltage > pulsedDCwOUDC = PulsedDCVoltage > { voltageP = (V 1.0), > freq = (Hz 100.0), > riseTime = (Sec 0.001), > fallTime = (Sec 0.001), > pulseWidth = (Sec 0.005), > component = [Overshoot NOTE: startTime for overshoot = risetime * 1.25 > > > > > { startTime = (Sec (0.001 * 1.25)), componentVoltageP = (V 0.2), componentFreq = (Khz 2.0), dampingFactor = 2.0e3 }, Undershoot NOTE: startTime for undershoot = ((dutycycle/100)*period)+(1.25*risetime) > > > > > { startTime = (Sec (0.005 + (0.001 * 1.25))), componentVoltageP = (V 0.2), componentFreq = (Khz 2.0), dampingFactor = 2.0e3}, DCOffset {componentVoltage = (V 1.0) } ] } 2 1 0 -1 -2 0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035 0.04 Figure 18: Plot of pulsed DC with rise time, fall time, overshoot, undershoot and DC-offset Analog Source Signals 34 of 79 Burst Voltage SIGNAL MODEL BurstVoltage DEFINITION Repetitive signals where a limited number of cycles, rather than a continuous signal, are injected. Examples include a number of cycles of a simple signal such as AC, a number of modulation-envelope cycles of a modulated signal, or a number of pulses of a pulsed signal. TFF SIGNAL MODEL Interface (signalModel BurstVoltage ( ; start the set of signal attributes ( Analog ( Source ( Burst ( variant ( Signal ( signal ( NoiseRatio ( Db variant ( Power ( W variant ) ;end the set of signal attributes (terminal HI LO ) ;end the set of terminals (serviceList apply change connect disconnect remove reset setup ) ;end the set of services ) ;end the signalModel Analog Source Signals ) ) ) ) R R ) ) ) ) ) ) 35 of 79 Burst Voltage FORMAL SMML DEFINITION > > BurstVoltage { burst signal > > > > > > > > > :: Int, :: Analog_Source indep dep } toSig BurstVoltage {burst, signal} = let pw = (1/(fromPhysical (freq signal))) * (fromInt burst) pul = Pulse { start_time = (toPhysical 0.0), pulse_width = (toPhysical pw), level = (toPhysical 1.0) } cycle = mulSig pul signal wins = Window LocalZero (TimeEvent pw) cycle |> nullWindow in pieceRep (repNWindows 1 wins) EXAMPLES Sinusoidal wave voltage burst > burstSinusoidalVoltage :: Analog_Source Time Voltage > burstSinusoidalVoltage = BurstVoltage > { burst = 1, > signal = cleanAC } 2 1 0 -1 -2 0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035 0.04 Figure 19: Plot of sinusoidal wave voltage burst Analog Source Signals 36 of 79 Burst Voltage Sinusoidal wave voltage burst, multiple cycles > burstSinusoidalVoltage3 :: Analog_Source Time Voltage > burstSinusoidalVoltage3 = BurstVoltage > { burst = 3, > signal = cleanAC } 2 1 0 -1 -2 0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035 0.04 Figure 20: Plot of sinusoidal wave voltage burst, multiple cycles Analog Source Signals 37 of 79 Burst Repetition Voltage SIGNAL MODEL BurstRepVoltage DEFINITION Repetitive signals where a limited number of cycles, rather than a continuous signal, are injected. Examples include a number of cycles of a simple signal such as AC, a number of modulation-envelope cycles of a modulated signal, or a number of pulses of a pulsed signal. The number of cycles or bursts are repeated per the repetition frequency. TFF SIGNAL MODEL Interface (signalModel BurstRepVoltage ( ; start the set of signal attributes ( Analog ( Source ( Burst ( variant ( BurstRepRate( Hz variant ( Signal ( signal ( NoiseRatio ( Db variant ( Power ( W variant ) ;end the set of signal attributes (terminal HI LO ) ;end the set of terminals (serviceList apply change connect disconnect remove reset setup ) ;end the set of services ) ;end the signalModel Analog Source Signals ) ) ) ) ) R R R ) ) ) ) ) ) ) 38 of 79 Burst Repetition Voltage FORMAL SMML DEFINITION > > > > > > > > > > > > > BurstRepVoltage { burst :: Int, burstRepRate :: Frequency, signal :: Analog_Source indep dep } toSig BurstRepSig {burst, burstRepRate, signal} = let pw = (1/(fromPhysical (freq signal))) * (fromInt burst) pul = Pulse { start_time = (toPhysical 0.0), pulse_width = (toPhysical pw), level = (toPhysical 1.0) } cycle = mulSig pul signal prd = 1/(fromPhysical burstRepRate) wins = Window LocalZero (TimeEvent prd) cycle |> nullWindow in pieceRep (cycleWindows wins) Analog Source Signals 39 of 79 Burst Repetition Voltage EXAMPLES Sinusoidal wave voltage burst, repeated > burstRepSinusoidalVoltage :: Analog_Source Time Voltage > burstRepSinusoidalVoltage = BurstRepVoltage > { burst = 1, > burstRepRate = (Hz 10), > signal = cleanAC } 2 1 0 -1 -2 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 Figure 21: Plot of sinusoidal wave voltage burst, repeated Analog Source Signals 40 of 79 Burst Repetition Voltage Sinusoidal wave voltage burst, multiple cycles, repeated > burstRepSinusoidalVoltage3 :: Analog_Source Time Voltage > burstRepSinusoidalVoltage3 = BurstRepVoltage > { burst > > = 3, burstRepRate = (Hz 10), signal = cleanAC } Figure 22: Plot of sinusoidal wave voltage burst, multiple cycles, repeated Analog Source Signals 41 of 79 Burst Repetition Voltage Triangular wave voltage burst, multiple cycles, repeated > burstRepTriangularWaveVoltage3 :: Analog_Source Time Voltage > burstRepTriangularWaveVoltage3 = BurstRepVoltage > { burst = 3, > burstRepRate = (Hz 10), > signal = cleanTri } 2 1 0 -1 -2 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 Figure 23: Plot of triangular wave voltage burst, multiple cycles, repeated Analog Source Signals 42 of 79 Amplitude Modulation Voltage SIGNAL MODEL AMVoltage SIGNAL DEFINITION A continuous sinusoidal wave (carrier) whose amplitude is varied as a function of the instantaneous value of a second wave (modulating). TFF SIGNAL MODEL Interface (signalModel AMVoltage ( ; start the set of signal attributes ( Analog ( Source ( Carrier ( signal ) ( Signal ( signal ) ( ModIndex ( variant ) ( NoiseRatio ( Db variant ) ( Power ( W variant ) ) ;end the set of signal attributes (terminal HI LO ) ;end the set of terminals (serviceList apply change connect disconnect remove reset setup ) ;end the set of services ) ;end the signalModel Analog Source Signals R R R ) ) ) ) ) ) ) 43 of 79 Amplitude Modulation Voltage FORMAL SMML DEFINITION > > > AMVoltage { signal :: Analog_Source indep dep, modIndex :: Float, carrier :: Analog_Source indep dep } > > > > toSig AMVoltage {signal, modIndex, carrier} = let one = constant (toPhysical 1.0) modsig = mulSig (constant (toPhysical modIndex)) signal in mulSig carrier (sumSig one modsig) EXAMPLES AM voltage Note: Modulation signal "modsig" is used by AMVoltage, SupCarVoltage, PMVoltage and FMVoltage examples. > modsig :: Analog_Source Time > modsig = SinusoidalVoltage { > > Voltage voltageP = (V 1.0), freq = (Hz 10.0), component = [ ] } > amVoltage :: Analog_Source Time Voltage > amVoltage = AMVoltage {signal = modsig, modIndex = 0.5, carrier = cleanAC } 2 1 0 -1 -2 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 Figure 24: Plot of AM voltage Analog Source Signals 44 of 79 Suppressed Carrier Voltage SIGNAL MODEL SupCarVoltage DEFINITION An amplitude modulated signal that causes a phase reversal of the carrier when the amplitude of the modulating signal goes negative, which results in the suppression of the carrier. TFF SIGNAL MODEL Interface (signalModel SupCarVoltage ( ; start the set of signal attributes ( Analog ( Source ( Carrier ( signal ) ( Signal ( signal ) ( ModIndex ( variant ) ( NoiseRatio ( Db variant ) ( Power ( W variant ) ) ;end the set of signal attributes (terminal HI LO ) ;end the set of terminals (serviceList apply change connect disconnect remove reset setup ) ;end the set of services ) ;end the signalModel Analog Source Signals R R R ) ) ) ) ) ) ) 45 of 79 Suppressed Carrier Voltage FORMAL SMML DEFINITION > > > SupCarVoltage { signal :: Analog_Source indep dep, modIndex :: Float, carrier :: Analog_Source indep dep } > > > > > toSig SupCarVoltage {signal, modIndex, carrier} = let amsig=AMVoltage{signal=signal,modIndex=modIndex,carrier=carrier} neg_one = constant (toPhysical (- 1.0)) minus_carrier = mulSig carrier neg_one in sumSig amsig minus_carrier EXAMPLES Suppressed carrier voltage > supCarVoltage :: Analog_Source Time Voltage > supCarVoltage = SupCarVoltage {signal = modsig, modIndex = 0.5, carrier = cleanAC } 2 1 0 -1 -2 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 Figure 25: Plot of suppressed carrier voltage Analog Source Signals 46 of 79 Pulse Amplitude Modulated Voltage SIGNAL MODEL PAMVoltage DEFINITION A signal in which a pulsed AC signal (carrier) is caused to depart from its unmodulated level by an amount proportional to the instantaneous value of the modulating signal. TFF SIGNAL MODEL Interface (signalModel PAMVoltage ( ; start the set of signal attributes ( Analog ( Source ( Carrier ( signal ) ( Signal ( signal ) ( NoiseRatio ( Db variant ) ( Power ( W variant ) ) ;end the set of signal attributes (terminal HI LO ) ;end the set of terminals (serviceList apply change connect disconnect remove reset setup ) ;end the set of services ) ;end the signalModel Analog Source Signals R R ) ) ) ) ) ) 47 of 79 Pulse Amplitude Modulated Voltage FORMAL SMML DEFINITION > > PAMVoltage { signal :: Analog_Source indep dep, carrier :: Analog_Source indep dep } > toSig PAMVoltage {signal, carrier} = mulSig signal carrier EXAMPLES Pulsed amplitude modulated voltage > pulsig :: Analog_Source Time Voltage > pulsig = PulsedDCVoltage { voltageP = (V 1.0), > freq = (Khz 1.0), > riseTime = (Sec 0.0), > fallTime = (Sec 0.0), > pulseWidth = (Usec 200.0), > component = [ ] } > pamVoltage = PAMVoltage {signal = cleanAC, carrier = pulsig} 2 1 0 -1 -2 0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035 0.04 Figure 26: Plot of pulsed amplitude modulated voltage Analog Source Signals 48 of 79 Phase Modulated Voltage SIGNAL MODEL PMVoltage DEFINITION A continuous sinusoidal wave (carrier) whose phase is varied in accordance with the amplitude of another wave. TFF SIGNAL MODEL Interface (signalModel PMVoltage ( ; start the set of signal attributes ( Analog ( Source ( CarAmpP ( V variant ) ( CarFreq ( Hz variant ) ( Signal ( signal ) ( PhaseDev ( Rad variant ) ( NoiseRatio ( Db variant ) ( Power ( W variant ) ) ;end the set of signal attributes (terminal HI LO ) ;end the set of terminals (serviceList apply change connect disconnect remove reset setup ) ;end the set of services ) ;end the signalModel R R R R ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) Usage Notes 1. The parameter CarFreq is represented as a Physical type (with Hz dimensions) in the TFF Interface above but is represented as a Float type in the SMML definition below due to an SMML typing conflict. 2. The parameter PhaseDev is represented as a Physical type (with Rad dimensions) in the TFF Interface above but is represented as a Float type in the SMML definition below due to an SMML typing conflict. Analog Source Signals 49 of 79 Phase Modulated Voltage FORMAL SMML DEFINITION > PMVoltage { signal :: Analog_Source indep dep, > phaseDev :: Float, > carAmpP :: dep, > carFreq :: Float } > toSig PMVoltage {signal, phaseDev, carAmpP, carFreq} = > let phsfnc = mulSig (constant (toPhysical phaseDev)) signal > pm = sineFunc (constant carAmpP)(constant (toPhysical carFreq)) phsfnc > in toSig pm EXAMPLES Phase modulated voltage > pmVoltage = PMVoltage {signal > phaseDev > carAmpP > carFreq = = = = modsig, 6.0, (V 1.0), 100.0 } 2 1 0 -1 -2 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 Figure 27: Plot of phase modulated voltage Analog Source Signals 50 of 79 Frequency Modulated Voltage SIGNAL MODEL FMVoltage DEFINITION A continuous sinusoidal wave (carrier) generated when the frequency of one wave is varied in accordance with the amplitude of another wave (modulating). TFF SIGNAL MODEL Interface (signalModel FMVoltage ( ; start the set of signal attributes ( Analog ( Source ( CarAmpP ( V variant ) ( CarFreq ( Hz variant ) ( Signal ( signal ) ( FreqDev ( Hz variant ) ( NoiseRatio ( Db variant ) ( Power ( W variant ) ) ;end the set of signal attributes (terminal HI LO ) ;end the set of terminals (serviceList apply change connect disconnect remove reset setup ) ;end the set of services ) ;end the signalModel R R R R ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) Usage Notes 1. The parameter CarFreq is represented as a Physical type (with Hz dimensions) in the TFF Interface above but is represented as a Float type in the SMML definition below due to an SMML typing conflict. 2. The parameter FreqDev is represented as a Physical type (with Hz dimensions) in the TFF Interface above but is represented as a Float type in the SMML definition below due to an SMML typing conflict. 3. The SMML definition below utilizes the PMVoltage definition based on the following: phaseDev = freqDev/freq of modulating signal Analog Source Signals 51 of 79 Frequency Modulated Voltage FORMAL SMML DEFINITION > FMVoltage { signal > freqDev > carAmpP > carFreq :: :: :: :: Analog_Source indep dep, Float, dep, Float } > toSig FMVoltage {signal, freqDev, carAmpP, carFreq} = > let phaseDev = freqDev/(fromPhysical (freq signal)) > fm = PMVoltage signal phaseDev carAmpP carFreq > in toSig fm EXAMPLES Frequency modulated voltage > fmVoltage = FMVoltage {signal > freqDev > carAmpP > carFreq = = = = modsig, 60.0, (V 1.0), 100.0 } 2 1 0 -1 -2 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 Figure 28: Plot of frequency modulated signal Analog Source Signals 52 of 79 Average Absolute MEASUREMENT MODEL averageAbsoluteMethod DEFINITION The parameter indicating the absolute average value of the signal over one period. TFF MEASUREMENT MODEL Interface (measurementModel averageAbsoluteMethod (;start the set of measurement attributes ( Analog ( Sensor ( Signal ( signal ) ( SampleCount ( variant ) );end the set of measurement attributes (terminal HI LO );end the set of terminals (serviceList arm change connect disconnect fetch measure monitor read remove reset setup verify ) ;end the set of services ) ;end the measurementModel R R ) ) ) ) Usage Rules This model defines a measurement method that returns the average value of signals that are symmetrical and periodic. Its interface consists of the class Signal an input and its output is the average value of that signal level in volts, current or power of that signals dependent variable physical type. It is a basic measurement component and can be used alone or to synthesize more complex measurement methods. The model utilizes the periodMethod. This method defines the period of the signal. For defining a consistent digital representation the interval must be digitized over the period. This is expressed as a number of samples. The formal and unambiguous definition is given in SMML. The model takes on the form: MeasValue = averageAbsoluteMethod <signal_name> <number_of_samples> Analog Methods 53 of 79 Average Absolute FORMAL SMML DEFINITION This function utilizes the periodMethod function. This function returns the average value of the signal over one period. > averageAbsoluteMethod :: (Physical a, Physical b) => > SignalRep a b -> Int -> b > averageAbsoluteMethod signal samplesCount = > let > signalPeriod = periodMethod signal > samp = sampleCount (toPhysical 0.0) signalPeriod samplesCount signal > ab t = abs (fromPhysical t) > rs = map ab samp > su = foldl1 (+) rs > l = length rs > in toPhysical (su / (fromInt l)) EXAMPLES Simulator results using the Analog_Source signals cleanAC and cleanSquare are as follows: > measureAvAb_cleanAC = averageAbsoluteMethod (toSig cleanAC) 1000 > measureAvAb_cleanSquare = averageAbsoluteMethod (toSig cleanSqaure) 1000 Analog_Method_Examples > measureAvAb_cleanAC V 0.635818 Analog_Method_Examples > measureAvAb_cleanSquare V 0.999 Analog Methods 54 of 79 Average MEASUREMENT MODEL averageMethod DEFINITION The parameter indicating average signal value. TFF MEASUREMENT MODEL Interface (measurementModel averageMethod (;start the set of measurement attributes ( Analog ( Sensor ( Signal ( ( SampleCount ( );end the set of measurement attributes (terminal HI LO );end the set of terminals (serviceList arm change connect disconnect fetch measure monitor read remove reset setup verify ) ;end the set of services ) ;end the measurementModel signal ) variant ) R R ) ) ) ) Usage Rules This model defines a measurement method that returns the average value of signals that are symmetrical and periodic. Its interface consists of the class Signal an input and its output is the average value of that signal level in volts, current or power of that signals dependent variable physical type. It is a basic measurement component and can be used alone or to synthesize more complex measurement methods. The model utilizes the periodMethod. This method defines the period of the signal. The avg value is determined by calculating its value over one complete cycle. See the following IEEE standard 100 definition. yAAV = 1. a T y dt T a For defining a consistent digital representation the interval must be digitized over the period. This is expressed as a number of samples. The formal and unambiguous definition is given in SMML. The model takes on the form: MeasValue = averageMethod <signal_name> <number_of_samples> Analog Methods 55 of 79 Average Analog Methods 56 of 79 Average FORMAL SMML DEFINITION This function utilizes the periodMethod function. This function returns the average value of the signal over one period. > averageMethod :: (Physical a, Physical b) => > SignalRep a b -> Int -> b > averageMethod signal samplesCount = > let > signalPeriod = periodMethod signal > samp = sampleCount (toPhysical 0.0) signalPeriod samplesCount signal > ab t = (fromPhysical t) > rs = map ab samp > su = foldl1 (+) rs > l = length rs > in toPhysical (su / (fromInt l)) EXAMPLES Simulator results using the Analog_Source signals cleanAC and cleanSquare are as follows: > measureAv_cleanAC = averageMethod (toSig cleanAC) 1000 > measureAv_cleanSquare = averageMethod (toSig cleanSquare) 1000 Analog_Method_Examples > measureAv_cleanAC V 1.87294e-006 Analog_Method_Examples > measureAv_cleanSquare V (-0.001) Analog Methods 57 of 79 Frequency MEASUREMENT MODEL frequencyMethod DEFINITION The rate at which a periodic electrical function is repeated. TFF MEASUREMENT MODEL Interface (measurementModel frequencyMethod (;start the set of measurement attributes ( Analog ( Sensor ( Signal ( );end the set of measurement attributes (terminal HI LO );end the set of terminals (serviceList arm change connect disconnect fetch measure monitor read remove reset setup verify ) ;end the set of services ) ;end the measurementModel signal ) R ) ) ) Usage Rules This model defines a measurement method that returns the frequency of symmetrical periodic signals. Its interface consists of the class Signal as an input and its output is the frequency of that signal in the physical type Hz. It is a basic measurement component and can be used alone or to synthesize more complex measurement methods. The model takes on the form: MeasValue = frequencyMethod <signal_name> Analog Methods 58 of 79 Frequency FORMAL SMML DEFINITION This function utilizes the periodMethod function. This function returns a frequency of the signal as a result of a single measurement. > frequencyMethod :: (Physical a, Physical b) => > SignalRep a b -> Frequency > frequencyMethod signal = > let > signalPeriod = periodMethod signal > in toPhysical (1/(fromPhysical signalPeriod)) EXAMPLES Simulator results using the Analog_Source signals cleanAC and cleanSquare are as follows: > measureFreq_cleanAC = frequencyMethod (toSig cleanAC) > measureFreq_cleanSquare = frequencyMethod (toSig cleanSquare) Analog_Method_Examples > measureFreq_cleanAC Hz 99.9244 Analog_Method_Examples > measureFreq_cleanSquare Hz 100.023 Analog Methods 59 of 79 Peak MEASUREMENT MODEL peakMethod DEFINITION The parameter indicating the peak value of a signal. This parameter is measured from the reference base line of a signal to its positive or negative peak. The reference base line of a signal is defined as the signal's zero value level. In practical terms, the level of the reference baseline is determined in one of four ways, as follows: 1) It is stated explicitly as a fixed DC-OFFSET without error limit, range, max, or min. The actual value may be determined at execute time and held in a <data store>. 2) Except in the case of PULSED DC, PULSED AC, and SQUARE WAVE, if the DC-OFFSET is not stated then the reference base line is taken as the level at which for half the cycle, the signal is greater than the level and for half the cycle, it is less than the level. 3) In the special case of a SQUARE WAVE, the reference base line is defined as what would be 50% of the normal pulse amplitude if it were a PULSED DC, with an appropriately adjusted reference base line. 4) For PULSED DC or PULSED AC, the reference base line is directly determined as the actual zero value level during "space" time. TFF MEASUREMENT MODEL Interface (measurementModel peakMethod (;start the set of measurement attributes ( Analog ( Sensor ( Signal ( ( SampleCount ( );end the set of measurement attributes (terminal HI LO );end the set of terminals (serviceList arm change connect disconnect fetch measure monitor read remove reset setup verify ) ;end the set of services ) ;end the measurementModel signal ) variant ) R R ) ) ) ) Usage Rules This model defines a measurement method that returns the peak value of signals that are symmetrical and periodic. Its interface consists of the class Signal an input and its output is the peak value of that signal level in volts, current or power of that signals dependent variable physical type. It is a basic measurement component and can be used alone or to synthesize more complex measurement methods. The model utilizes the periodMethod. This method defines the period of the signal. Analog Methods 60 of 79 Peak For defining a consistent digital representation the interval must be digitized over the period. This is expressed as a number of samples. The formal and unambiguous definition is given in SMML. The model takes on the form: MeasValue = peakMethod <signal_name> <number_of_samples> FORMAL SMML DEFINITION This function utilizes the periodMethod function. This function returns the peak value of the signal over one period. > peakMethod :: (Physical a, Physical b) => > SignalRep a b -> Int -> b > peakMethod signal samplesCount = > let > signalPeriod = periodMethod signal > samp = sampleCount (toPhysical 0.0) signalPeriod samplesCount signal > rs = map fromPhysical samp > ma = foldl1 max rs > su = foldl1 (+) rs > l = fromInt (length rs) > in toPhysical (ma - (su / l)) EXAMPLES Simulator results using the Analog_Source signals cleanAC and cleanSquare are as follows: > measurePeak_cleanAC = peakMethod (toSig cleanAC) 1000 > measurePeak_cleanSquare = peakMethod (toSig cleanSquare) 1000 Analog_Method_Examples > measurePeak_cleanAC V 0.999996 Analog_Method_Examples > measurePeak_cleanSquare V 1.001 Analog Methods 61 of 79 Peak To Peak MEASUREMENT MODEL peakToPeakMethod DEFINITION The parameter indicating the peak-to-peak value of a signal. This value is measured from the positive peak to the negative peak of the signal. TFF MEASUREMENT MODEL Interface (measurementModel peakToPeakMethod (;start the set of measurement attributes ( Analog ( Sensor ( Signal ( ( SampleCount ( );end the set of measurement attributes (terminal HI LO );end the set of terminals (serviceList arm change connect disconnect fetch measure monitor read remove reset setup verify ) ;end the set of services ) ;end the measurementModel signal ) variant ) R R ) ) ) ) Usage Rules This model defines a measurement method that returns the peak-to-peak value of signals that are symmetrical and periodic. Its interface consists of the class Signal an input and its output is the peak value of that signal level in volts, current or power of that signals dependent variable physical type. It is a basic measurement component and can be used alone or to synthesize more complex measurement methods. The model utilizes the periodMethod. This method defines the period of the signal. For defining a consistent digital representation the interval must be digitized over the period. This is expressed as a number of samples. The formal and unambiguous definition is given in SMML. The model takes on the form: MeasValue = peakToPeakMethod <signal_name> <number_of_samples> Analog Methods 62 of 79 Peak To Peak FORMAL SMML DEFINITION This function utilizes periodMethod and returns the Peak-To-Peak value of the signal over one period. > peakToPeakMethod :: (Physical a, Physical b) => > SignalRep a b -> Int -> b > peakToPeakMethod signal samplesCount = > let > signalPeriod = periodMethod signal > samp = sampleCount (toPhysical 0.0) signalPeriod samplesCount signal > rs = map fromPhysical samp > hv = foldl1 max rs > lv = foldl1 min rs > in toPhysical (hv - lv) EXAMPLES Simulator results using the Analog_Source signals cleanAC and cleanSquare are as follows: > measurePP_cleanAC = peakToPeakMethod (toSig cleanAC) 1000 > measurePP_cleanSquare = peakToPeakMethod (toSig cleanSquare) 1000 Analog_Method_Examples > measurePP_cleanAC V 2.0 Analog_Method_Examples > measurePP_cleanSquare V 2.0 Analog Methods 63 of 79 Period MEASUREMENT MODEL periodMethod DEFINITION The time between identical points on a periodic waveform. Period is equal to 1/frequency. TFF MEASUREMENT MODEL Interface (measurementModel periodMethod (;start the set of measurement attributes ( Analog ( Sensor ( Signal ( );end the set of measurement attributes (terminal HI LO );end the set of terminals (serviceList arm change connect disconnect fetch measure monitor read remove reset setup verify ) ;end the set of services ) ;end the measurementModel signal ) R ) ) ) Usage Rules This model defines a measurement method that returns the period of symmetrical periodic signals. Its interface consists of the class Signal as an input and its output is the period of that signal in the physical type Sec. It is a basic measurement component and can be used alone or to synthesize more complex measurement methods. The model takes on the form: MeasValue = periodMethod <signal_name> Analog Methods 64 of 79 Period FORMAL SMML DEFINITION This function returns the time of a single period. > periodMethod :: (Physical a, Physical b) => > SignalRep a b -> a > periodMethod signal = > let > riseEdge1 = eventOccurs > (FunctionEvent (lohi (toPhysical 0.0) signal)) 0.0 > fallEdge1 = eventOccurs > (FunctionEvent (hilo (toPhysical (-0.0)) signal)) 0.0 > in toPhysical( abs(fallEdge1 - riseEdge1)*2.0) EXAMPLES Simulator results using the Analog_Source signals cleanAC and cleanSquare are as follows: > measurePeriod_cleanAC = periodMethod (toSig cleanAC) > measurePeriod_cleanSquare = periodMethod (toSig cleanSquare) Analog_Method_Examples > measurePeriod_cleanAC Sec 0.0100076 Analog_Method_Examples > measurePeriod_cleanSquare Sec 0.00999768 Analog Methods 65 of 79 Phase Angle MEASUREMENT MODEL phaseAngleMethod DEFINITION The angular difference, expressed in degrees, between a signal and a reference signal. TFF SIGNAL MODEL Interface (measurementModel phaseAngleMethod (;start the set of measurement attributes ( Analog ( Sensor ( ReferenceSignal ( ( Signal ( );end the set of measurement attributes (terminal HI LO REF-HI REF-LO );end the set of terminals (serviceList arm change connect disconnect fetch measure monitor read remove reset setup verify ) ;end the set of services ) ;end the measurementModel signal ) signal ) R R ) ) ) ) Usage Rules This model defines a measurement method that returns the phase angle between two sine wave signals. Its interface consists of the class Signal as an input. It must also contain a reference signal. Its output is the interval between the start of the signal to the reference signal in the physical type Rad. It utilizes the periodMethod. This method defines the period of the signal. It is a basic measurement component and can be use alone or to synthesize more complex measurement methods. The model takes on the form. MeasValue = phaseAngleMethod <signal_reference_name> <signal_name> Analog Methods 66 of 79 Phase Angle FORMAL SMML DEFINITION PhaseAngle Measurement Method > phaseAngleMethod :: (Physical a, Physical b) => > SignalRep a b -> SignalRep a b -> PlaneAngle > phaseAngleMethod refSignal signal = > let > refSigPeriod = fromPhysical (periodMethod refSignal) > riseEdge1 = eventOccurs (FunctionEvent > (lohi (toPhysical 0.1e-12) refSignal)) 0.0 > riseEdge2 = eventOccurs (FunctionEvent > (lohi (toPhysical 0.1e-12) signal)) 0.0 > interval = abs(riseEdge1 - riseEdge2) > in toPhysical ((interval/refSigPeriod)*2*pi) EXAMPLES Simulator results using the Analog_Source signals phaseA, phaseB and phaseC are as follows: > measurePhase_AB = phaseAngleMethod (toSig phaseA) (toSig phaseB) > measurePhase_BC = phaseAngleMethod (toSig phaseB) (toSig phaseC) > measurePhase_AC = phaseAngleMethod (toSig phaseA) (toSig phaseC) Analog_Method_Examples> measurePhase_AB Rad 2.09056 Analog_Method_Exmples > measurePhase_BC Rad 2.09545 Analog_Method_Examples > measurePhase_AC Rad 4.18638 Analog Methods 67 of 79 True Root Mean Square MEASUREMENT MODEL trueRMSMethod DEFINITION The square root of the average of the square of the value of the function taken throughout one period. TFF MEASUREMENT MODEL Interface (measurementModel trueRMSMethod (;start the set of measurement attributes ( Analog ( Sensor ( Signal ( ( SampleCount ( );end the set of measurement attributes (terminal HI LO );end the set of terminals (serviceList arm change connect disconnect fetch measure monitor read remove reset setup verify ) ;end the set of services ) ;end the measurementModel signal ) variant ) R R ) ) ) ) Usage Rules This model defines a measurement method that returns the root-mean-square (rms) level value of symmetrical periodic signals. Its interface consists of the class Signal as an input and its output is the level in volts, current or power of that signals dependent variable physical type. It is a basic measurement component and can be used alone or to synthesize more complex measurement methods. The rms value is determined by calculating its value over one complete cycle. See the following IEEE standard 100 definition: 1 Yrms = 1. 2 T 2 y dt T 0 The model utilizes the periodMethod. This method defines the period of the signal. For defining a consistent digital representation the interval must be digitized over the period. This is expressed as a number of samples. The formal and unambiguous definition is given in SMML. The model takes on the form: Analog Methods 68 of 79 True Root Mean Square MeasValue = trueRMSMethod <signal_name> <number_of_samples> FORMAL SMML DEFINITION This function returns a level value of the signal as a result of a single measurement. > trueRMSMethod :: (Physical a, Physical b) => > SignalRep a b -> Int -> b > trueRMSMethod signal samplesCount = > let > signalPeriod = periodMethod signal > samp = sampleCount (toPhysical 0.0) signalPeriod samplesCount signal > abc t = (fromPhysical t) * (fromPhysical t) > rs = map abc samp > su = foldl1 (+) rs > l = length rs > in toPhysical (sqrt (su / fromInt l)) EXAMPLES Simulator results using the Analog_Source signals cleanAC and cleanSquare are as follows: > measureTrms_cleanAC = trueRMSMethod (toSig cleanAC) 1000 > measureTrms_cleanSquare = trueRMSMethod (toSig cleanSquare) 1000 Analog_Method_Examples > measureTrms_cleanAC V 0.706661 Analog_Method_Examples > measureTrms_cleanSquare V 0.9995 Analog Methods 69 of 79 Appendix A - ACComp Component APPENDIX A - COMPONENT MODELS COMPONENT MODEL ACComp DEFINITION A sinusoidal time-varying electric potential superimposed onto a steady state DC voltage. TFF SIGNAL MODEL Interface (signalModel ACComp ( ; start the set of signal attributes ( Analog ( Component ( componentVoltageP ( V variant ) ( componentFreq ( Hz variant ) ) ;end the set of signal attributes ) ;end the signalModel R R ) ) ) ) FORMAL SMML DEFINITION > > > > toSig ACComp { componentVoltageP,componentFreq } = toSig Sine_wave { amplitude = componentVoltageP, frequency = componentFreq, phase_angle = (Rad 0) } Analog Component Signals 70 of 79 Appendix A - DCOffset Component COMPONENT MODEL DCOffset DEFINITION A DC voltage superimposed upon a signal, defined from zero volts to a reference base line. TFF SIGNAL MODEL Interface (signalModel DCOffset ( ; start the set of signal attributes ( Analog ( Component ( componentVoltage ( V variant ) ) ;end the set of signal attributes ) ;end the signalModel R ) ) ) FORMAL SMML DEFINITION > > toSig DCOffset { componentVoltage } = constant componentVoltage Analog Component Signals 71 of 79 Appendix A - Harmonic Component COMPONENT MODEL Harmonic DEFINITION A sinusoidal component of a periodic wave having a frequency that is an integral multiple of the fundamental frequency. TFF SIGNAL MODEL Interface (signalModel Harmonic ( ; start the set of signal attributes ( Analog ( Component ( componentVoltageP ( V variant ) ( fundamentalFreq ( Hz variant ) ( harmonicNumber ( float ) ) ;end the set of signal attributes ) ;end the signalModel R R R ) ) ) ) ) FORMAL SMML DEFINITION > > > > toSig Harmonic { componentVoltageP,fundamentalFreq,harmonicNumber } = let harmonicFreq = ( (fromPhysical fundamentalFreq) * harmonicNumber ) in toSig ACComp { componentVoltageP = componentVoltageP, componentFreq = (toPhysical harmonicFreq) } Analog Component Signals 72 of 79 Appendix A - Noise Component COMPONENT MODEL NoiseComp DEFINITION Disturbances superimposed upon a useful signal that tend to obscure its contents. TFF SIGNAL MODEL Interface (signalModel NoiseComp ( ; start the set of signal attributes ( Analog ( Component ( componentVoltageP ( V variant ) ( componentFreq ( Hz variant ) ) ;end the set of signal attributes ) ;end the signalModel R R ) ) ) ) FORMAL SMML DEFINITION > > > > toSig NoiseComp { componentVoltageP,componentFreq } = toSig Noise { amplitude = componentVoltageP, frequency = componentFreq, seed = 2010 } Analog Component Signals 73 of 79 Appendix A - NonHarmonic Component COMPONENT MODEL NonHarmonic DEFINITION A sinusoidal component of a periodic wave having a frequency that is not an integral multiple of the fundamental frequency. TFF SIGNAL MODEL Interface (signalModel NonHarmonic ( ; start the set of signal attributes ( Analog ( Component ( componentVoltageP ( V variant ) ( componentFreq ( Hz variant ) ) ;end the set of signal attributes ) ;end the signalModel R R ) ) ) ) FORMAL SMML DEFINITION > > > toSig NonHarmonic { componentVoltageP,componentFreq } = toSig ACComp { componentVoltageP = componentVoltageP, componentFreq = componentFreq } Analog Component Signals 74 of 79 Appendix A - Overshoot Component COMPONENT MODEL Overshoot DEFINITION A damped sinusoidal time-varying electric potential, appearing typically on the rising edge of the primary signal. TFF SIGNAL MODEL Interface (signalModel Overshoot ( ; start the set of signal attributes ( Analog ( Component ( StartTime ( Sec variant ( componentVoltageP ( V variant ( componentFreq ( Hz variant ( dampingFactor ( variant ) ;end the set of signal attributes ) ;end the signalModel ) ) ) ) R R R R ) ) ) ) ) ) FORMAL SMML DEFINITION > > > > > toSig Overshoot { startTime,componentVoltageP,componentFreq,dampingFactor } = toSig DampSin { start_time = startTime, ringing = componentVoltageP, frequency = componentFreq, damping_factor = dampingFactor } Analog Component Signals 75 of 79 Appendix A - Undershoot Component COMPONENT MODEL Undershoot DEFINITION A damped sinusoidal time-varying electric potential, appearing typically on the falling edge of the primary signal. TFF SIGNAL MODEL Interface (signalModel Undershoot ( ; start the set of signal attributes ( Analog ( Component ( StartTime ( Sec variant ( componentVoltageP ( V variant ( componentFreq ( Hz variant ( dampingFactor ( variant ) ;end the set of signal attributes ) ;end the signalModel ) ) ) ) R R R R ) ) ) ) ) ) FORMAL SMML DEFINITION > > > > > > toSig Undershoot { startTime,componentVoltageP,componentFreq,dampingFactor } = let shift_amp = - (fromPhysical componentVoltageP) in toSig DampSin { start_time = startTime, ringing = (toPhysical shift_amp), frequency = componentFreq, damping_factor = dampingFactor } Analog Component Signals 76 of 79 Appendix B - Parameter Definitions APPENDIX B - PARAMETER DEFINITIONS Burst BurstRepRate CarAmpP CarFreq Carrier ComponentFreq ComponentVoltage ComponentVoltageP Current CurrentPhaseA CurrentPhaseAC CurrentPhaseB CurrentPhaseBA CurrentPhaseC CurrentPhaseCB CurrentTrms Damping DampingFactor Droop DutyCycle FallTime Glossary The number of pulses or cycles of a stimulus waveform to be applied. The BURST modifier is applicable to repetitive signals where a requirement might arise for a limited burst of the signal to be injected rather than a continuous signal. The BURST signal starts and ends at the reference base level unless a phase angle modifier is employed (when appropriate to the particular noun). The average number of bursts per unit time. The peak amplitude of the unmodulated carrier wave. The time-average frequency of the carrier wave signal in the absence of modulation. (A) A wave having at least one characteristic that may be varied from a known reference value by modulation. (B) That part of the modulated wave that corresponds in a specified manner to the unmodulated wave, having, for example, the carrier-frequency spectral components. See Freq. See Voltage. See VoltageP. The rate of flow of electrical charge. In the case of DC signals, the rate is unvarying. In the case of AC signals, a distortionless sinusoidal flow rate is assumed. The parameter referring to the first phase of a three phase wye signal. See Current. A parameter referring to a phase of a three phase delta signal. See Current. The parameter referring to the second phase of a three phase wye signal. See Current. A parameter referring to a phase of a three phase delta signal. See Current. The parameter referring to the third phase of a three phase wye signal. See Current. A parameter referring to a phase of a three phase delta signal. See Current. The true RMS parameter that indicates an accurate value regardless of the distortion present in the signal. Term applied to the performance of an instrument to denote the manner in which the signal settles to its steady amplitude after a change in value. The damping is periodic in which the magnitude oscillates about the final value before settling. See Damping. The difference between the normal pulse amplitude and the amplitude to which the instantaneous pulse amplitude sags at the trailing edge of the pulse, expressed as a percentage of the normal pulse amplitude. The ratio between the on-time of a square wave signal and the total period. The time interval during which the instantaneous amplitude of a pulse decreases (falls toward the reference base line) from 90 percent to 10 percent of the normal pulse amplitude 77 of 79 Appendix B - Parameter Definitions FreDev Freq FundamentalFreq Harmonics HarmonicsNumber HarmonicsRatio ModIndex Noise NoiseRatio NonHarmonics NonHarmonicsRatio NonLin OvershootRatio PeakDegen Period PhaseAngle PhaseDev Power PowerTrms PreshootRatio PulseWidth Ringing RiseTime Glossary The peak difference between the instantaneous frequency of the modulated wave and the carrier frequency Frequency - The rate at which a periodic electrical function is repeated. See Freq. A sinusoidal component of a periodic wave or quantity having a frequency that is an integral multiple of the fundamental frequency. The harmonic components of a Fourier Series are the terms Cn sin (nx + n ). For example, the component that has a frequency twice that of the fundamental (n = 2) is called the second harmonic. The ratio of the root-mean-square (rms) value of all the harmonics to the root-mean-square (rms) value of the fundamental. The ratio of the frequency deviation of the modulated wave to the frequency of the modulating function. Note: the modulation index is numerically equal to the phase deviation expressed in Radians. Disturbances superimposed upon a useful signal that tend to obscure its contents. The ratio of the value of the signal to that of the noise. Non-harmonic distortion - A frequency that is not an integral multiple of the defined fundamental frequency. The ratio of the root-mean-square (rms) value of all the nonharmonics to the root-mean-square (rms) value of the fundamental. Non-linearity - The Maximum instantaneous amplitude variation from a linear waveform, expressed as a percentage of the peak amplitude. The difference between the normal pulse amplitude and the peak pulse amplitude to which the instantaneous pulse waveform initially rises positively or negatively away from the reference base line, expressed as a percentage of the normal pulse amplitude. Peak degeneration - Rounding of the corner of a triangular or ramp signal, expressed in percent. The time between identical points on a periodic waveform. Period is equal to 1/frequency. The angular difference, expressed in degrees, between a signal and a reference signal. The deviation ratio of a phase-modulated signal. The rate at which work is done. The parameter indicating the true rms power. The amplitude difference between the reference base line of a pulse and the lowest value to which the pulse waveform falls at the leading edge of the pulse. The time interval measured between the 50% amplitude points of the leading and trailing edge of a single pulse. A distortion in the form of a superimposed damped oscillatory waveform that, when present, usually follows a major transition; measured as the ratio of the maximum peak-to-peak amplitude of the damped oscillation to the normal pulse amplitude. The time interval during which the instantaneous amplitude of a pulse or step change increases positively or negatively from the reference base line) from 10-90% of the normal pulse amplitude. 78 of 79 Appendix B - Parameter Definitions Rounding SampleCount Signal StartTime UndershootRatio Voltage VoltageP VoltagePhaseA VoltagePhaseAC VoltagePhaseB VoltagePhaseBA VoltagePhaseC VoltagePhaseCB Glossary The corner rounding on the leading edge of a pulse. The difference between the normal pulse amplitude and the amplitude at which the instantaneous pulse voltage begins to arc toward the normal pulse amplitude, expressed as a percentage of the normal pulse amplitude. The total number of signal measurements taken in a sequence of spaced, discrete instants (samples). An electrical wave whose shape conveys some intelligence, message or effect. Time delay before start of signal. The difference between the amplitude of the reference base line of a pulse and the lowest amplitude to which the instantaneous pulse amplitude initially falls following the pulse decay, expressed as a percentage of the normal pulse amplitude. An electric potential. In the case of DC signals, the potential is unvarying. In the case of AC signals, it is the generallly used parameter that assumes a distortionless sinusoidal signal for a valid rms value. The parameter indicating the peak value of a signal. This parameter is measured from the reference base line of a signal to its positive or negative peak. The reference base line of a signal is defined as the signal's zero value level. The parameter referring to the first phase of a three phase wye signal. See Voltage. A parameter referring to a phase of a three phase delta signal. See Voltage. The parameter referring to the second phase of a three phase wye signal. See Voltage. A parameter referring to a phase of a three phase delta signal. See Voltage. The parameter referring to the third phase of a three phase wye signal. See Voltage. A parameter referring to a phase of a three phase delta signal. See Voltage. 79 of 79

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