AP EVOLUTION REVIEW
Chapters
22
23
24
25
34.8
Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life
The Evolution of Populations
The Origin of Species
Phylogeny and Systematics
Humans are Bipedal Hominids with a Large Brain
Objectives
1. You should be able to discuss pre-Darwinian biological and geological concepts, as
well as the people that promoted these scientific concepts.
2. You should be able to discuss the empirical evidence that led to changes in our view
of geological form and time.
3. You should be able to discuss the many things that influenced Darwin’s development,
conception, and publication of his ideas of evolution (things that hindered him as well
as fostered these developments).
4. You should be able to give detailed examples of artificial selection, natural selection,
sexual selection, and coevolution.
5. You should be able to explain how natural selection informs our understanding of
drug resistance, name and represent the common modes of selection, and be able
to deduce which is acting a particular example.
6. You be able to give examples of homologous and analogous structures and discuss
how these idea support natural selection and speciation.
7. You should be able to explain how natural selection informs our understanding of the
global distributions of species, and be able to discuss Alfred Wallace’s observations
that led to this field of biogeography.
8. You should be familiar with the modern synthesis of population genetics and
evolution, be able to use the Hardy-Weinberg equation, and comment on factors that
support or destabilize equilibrium.
9. You should understand how a full knowledge of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium aids in
understanding both speciation and extinction.
10. You should be able to contrast conceptions of species, discuss the importance of
reproductive isolation in the process of speciation, and name, define, and give
examples of the many mechanisms by which isolation can be accomplished.
11. You should be able to give detailed examples of speciation.
12. You should be able to explain how speciation is believed to have occurred through
allopatric and sympatric means, as well as contrast anagenesis and cladogenesis.
13. You should be able to explain how the mechanism of plate tectonics can explain a
number of geologic events, and further explain how these geologic events have
promoted speciation on earth.
14. You should be familiar with the broad outlines of the possible evolution and
speciation of our species, including our possible ancestor’s names, and their
physical and behavioral characteristics and ecology.
14. You should be able to explain how Darwinian evolution is a scientific theory.
15. You should be familiar with the geologic time scale, the major eras, and particular
periods and important events in the history of life on earth.
Vocabulary
Charles Darwin
On the Origin of Species natural selection
evolution
Aristotle
scale of nature
Carl Linnaeus
taxonomy
fossil
strata
paleontology
Georges Cuvier
gradualism
James Hutton
Charles Lyell
Principles of Geology
Jean Lamarck
use and disuse
Captain Fitzroy
HMS Beagle
Galapagos islands
Variation
overpopulation
Thomas Malthus
drug resistance
homology
homologous structures
biogeography
fossil record
transitional fossils
modern synthesis
population genetics
population
Hardy-Weinberg Theorem allele frequencies
H-W equilibrium
gene flow
mutation
random mating
bottleneck effect
founder effect
fitness
directional selection
disruptive selection
stabilizing selection
sexual selection
sexual dimorphism
intrasexual selection
speciation
macroevolution
anagenesis
species
biological species concept reproductive isolation
postzygotic barriers
habitat isolation
temporal isolation
mechanical isolation
gametic isolation
hybrid inviability
hybrid breakdown
morphological species
species concepts
sympatric speciation
polyploidy
adaptive radiation
heterochrony
paedomorphosis
phylogeny
fossil record
analogy
analogous structures
taxonomy
scientific theory
Precambrian
Mesozoic era
Cenozoic era
Cambrian period
Triassic period
Jurassic period
Cretaceous period
extinction
Cambrian explosion
plate tectonics
earthquakes
volcanoes
oceanic ridges
oceanic trenches
subduction zones
hot spot
polytene chromosomes inversion
adaptation
great chain of being
sedimentary rock
catastrophism
uniformitarianism
acquired traits
Alfred Wallace
artificial selection
vestigial organs
microevolution
gene pool
large populations
genetic drift
modes of selection
neutral variation
intersexual selection
cladogenesis
prezygotic barriers
behavioral isolation
hybrid infertility
allopatric speciation
punctuated equilibrium
systematics
convergent evolution
Paleozoic era
Permian period
Tertiary period
continental drift
magnetic striping
Hawaiian islands