Alessandro Dondoni Professor of Organic Chemistry University of Ferrara degree (Laurea) in Industrial Chemistry, University of Bologna (1960) Ph.D. 1962-1963, Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT) in Chicago. Associate Professor University of Bologna (1964 Special Professorship Degree (Libera Docenza) in Physical Organic Chemistry, the University of Bologna in 1969. Professor, Faculty of Science of the University of Ferrara 1975. Awards Rhône-Poulenc Rorer Lectureship Award; the Ciba Lectureship Award; the Mangini Gold Medal Award from the Italian Chemical Society; the Avogadro-Minakata Lectureship Award from the Chemical Society of Japan; the Ziegler-Natta Lectureship Award from the German Chemical Society; the Lincei National Academy Prize in Chemistry sponsored by the Italian Minister of Cultural Heritage and Activities. In 2003 he was elected President of the International Society of Heterocyclic Chemistry. He has been a plenary lecturer in several international symposia and at the Bürgenstock Conference and in seven Gordon Research Conferences dealing with heterocyclic chemistry, natural product synthesis, and glycochemistry. research interest span various areas of organic synthesis with an emphasis on the preparation of new compounds of biological and pharmaceutical relevance. Modern synthetic approaches are employed to this end including organocatalysis, multicomponent processes, click chemistry, reactions in ionic liquids, and reactions in flow mode. Present Research Interests The various research projects in our laboratory share the common mission of developing synthetic methods for the preparation of biologically active compounds by structure and component modification of selected validated molecules. The final end of ongoing work is the discovery of improved or new properties . Hence our synthetic efforts are made with a view to the need in other fields of research, with particular emphasis to glycobiology and heterocyle-based bioorganic chemistry. A main feature in our chemistry is the performance of key processes in simple and efficient manner. Toward this end, modern synthetic tools and approaches are employed such as multicomponent reactions, organocatalysis, click chemistry, reactions in ionic liquids, reactions in flow mode. Contents : A. Heterocyclic Glycoconjugates and Amino Acids B. Triazole–Linked Oligonucleotides C. Non-Natural Glycosyl Amino Acids D. Non-Natural Oligosaccharides E. Calixarene-Based C-Glycoclusters F. Carbohydrate-Based Building Blocks G. Homoazasugars and Aza-C-disaccharides D. R. B. DUCATTI, A. MASSI, M. D. NOSEDA, M. E. R. DUARTE, A. DONDONI – Production of Carbohydrate Building Blocks from Red Seaweed Polysaccharides: Efficient Conversion of Galactans into C-Glycosyl Aldehydes. Org. Biomol. Chem. 2009, 7, 576. A. DONDONI – The Emergence of Thiol-Ene Coupling as a Click Process for Materials and Bioorganic Chemistry. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2008, 47, 8995 A. DONDONI, A. MASSI – Synthesis of Heterocycle-Linked C-Glycosyl Amino Acids and C-Glycopeptides. Current Frontiers in Asymmetric Synthesis and Application of alpha-Amino Acids, ACS publication 2008 A. DONDONI, A. MASSI – Asymmetric Organocatalysis : From Infancy to Juvenescence. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2008, 47, 4638. M. ALDHOUN, A. MASSI, A. DONDONI – Click Azide-Nitrile Cycloaddition as a New Ligation Tool for the Synthesis of Tetrazole-Tethered C-Glycosyl alpha-Amino Acids. J. Org. Chem. 2008, 73, 9565. A. NUZZI, A. MASSI, A. DONDONI – General Synthesis of C-Glycosyl Amino Acids via Proline-Catalyzed Direct Electrophilic alpha-Amination of C-Glycosylalkyl Aldehydes. Org. Lett. 2008, 10, 4485. A. VECCHI, B. MELAI, A. MARRA, C. CHIAPPE, A. DONDONI – MicrowaveEnhanced Ionothermal CuAAC for the Synthesis of Glycoclusters on Calix[4]arene Platform. J. Org. Chem. 2008, 73, 6437. A. MARRA, L. MONI, D. PAZZI, A. CORALLINI, D. BRIDI, A. DONDONI – Synthesis of Sialoclusters Appended to Calix[4]arene Platforms via Multiple AzideAlkyne Cycloaddition. New Inhibitors of Hemagglutination and Cytopatic Effect Mediated by BK and Influenza Viruses. Org. Biomol. Chem. 2008, 6, 1396. A. MARRA, A. VECCHI, C. CHIAPPE, B. MELAI, A. DONDONI - Validation of the Copper(I)-Catalyzed Azid Alkyne Coupling in Ionic Liquids. Synthesis of a TriazoleLinked C-Disaccharide as a Case Study.J. Org. Chem. 2008, 73, 2458. A. MASSI, A: NUZZI, A. DONDONI Microwave-Assisted Organocatalytic Anomerization of alfa-C-Glycosylmethyl Aldehydes and Ketones J. Org. Chem. 2007 A. NUZZI, A. MASSI, A. DONDONI Model Studies Toward the Synthesis of Thymidine Oligonucleotides with Triazole Internucleosidic Linkages via Iterative Cu(I)-Promoted Azide-Alkyne Ligation Chemistry. QSAR Comb. Sci. 2007, A. DONDONI, A: MASSI, M. ALDHOUN Hantzsch-type Three Component Approach to a New Family of Carbon-Linked Glycosyl Amino Acids. Synthesis of C-Glycosylmethyl Pyridylalanines. J. Org. Chem. 2007, 72, 7677. A. DONDONI, A. MASSI, A. NUZZI A Serendipitous Discovery of A New C-Furanosyl Glycine Synthesis via Thiazole-Based Aminohomologation of Hexopyranoses. Synlett 2007, 303. A. DONDONI, A. MARRA Addressing the Scope of the Azide-Nitrile Cycloaddition in Glycoconjugate Chemistry. The Assembly of C-Glycoclusters on a Calix[4]arene Scaffold Through Tetrazole Spacers. Tetrahedron 2007, 63, 6339. A. DONDONI Triazole : the Keystone in Glycosylated Molecular Architectures Constructed by a Click Reaction. Chem. Asian J. 2007, 2, 700. P. CHESHEV, A. MARRA, A. DONDONI Direct Epoxidation of D-Glucal and D-Galactal Derivatives with in situ Generated DNDO. Carbohydrate Res. 2006, 341, 2714. A. DONDONI, A. NUZZI Access to Piperidine Imino-C-glycosides via Stereoselective Thiazole-Based Aminohomologation of Pyranoses. J. Org. Chem. 2006, 71, 7574. A. DONDONI. A. MARRA C-Glycoside Clustering on Calix[4]arene, Adamantane, and Benzene Scaffolds through 1,2,3-Triazole Linkers. J. Org. Chem. 2006, 71, 7546. A. DONDONI, A. MASSI, E. MINGHINI A Facile and General Entry to C-Glycosyl (R)- and (S)-?-Amino Acid Pairs from Glycosyl Cyanides through Enamino Ester Intermediates Synlett 2006, 539. A. DONDONI, A. MASSI Design and Synthesis of New Classes of Heterocyclic C-Glycoconjugates and CarbonLinked Sugar and Heterocyclic Amino Acids by Asymmetric Multicomponent Reactions (AMCRs). Acc. Chem. Res. 2006, 39, 451. P. CHESHEV, A. MARRA, A. DONDONI First Synthesis of 1,2,3-Triazolo-Linked (1,6)-?-D-Oligomannoses (triazolomannoses) by Iterative Cu(I)-Catalyzed Alkyne-Azide Cycloaddition. Org. Biomol. Chem. 2006, 4, 3225 P. DAMBRUOSO, A. MASSI, A. DONDONI Efficiency in Isotetronic Acid Synthesis via a Diamine-Acid Couple Catalyzed Ethyl Pyruvate Homoaldol Reaction. Org. Lett. 2005, 7, 4657. A. DONDONI, N. CATOZZI, A. MARRA Concise and Practical Synthesis of C-Glycosyl Ketones from Sugar Benzothiazoles and Their Transformation into Chiral Tertiary Alcohols. J. Org. Chem. 2005, 70, 9257. A. DONDONI, A. MASSI, S. SABBATINI Multiple Component Approaches to C-Glycosyl ?-Amino Acids by Complementary OnePot Mannich –Type and Reformatsky-Type Reactions. Chem. Eur. J. 2005, 11, 7110. A. DONDONI, P. P. GIOVANNINI, D. PERRONE Cross-Metathesis of C-Allyl Iminosugars with Alkenyl Oxazolidines as a Key Step in the Synthesis of C-Iminoglycosyl ?-Amino Acids. A Route to Iminosugar Containing CGlycopeptides. J. Org. Chem. 2005, 70, 5508. A. DONDONI, A. MARRA, A. MASSI Hybrid Solution/Solid-Phase Synthesis of Oligosaccharides by Using Trichloroacetyl Isocyanate as Sequestration-Enabling Reagent of Sugar Alcohols. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2005, 44, 1672. A. DONDONI, P. P. GIOVANNINI, A. MASSI Assembling Heterocycle-Tethered C-Glycosyl and alfa-Amino Acid Residues via 1,3- Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions. Org. Lett. 2004, 6, 2929. A. DONDONI, B. RICHICHI, A. MARRA, D. PERRONE Ring Enlargement of Polyhydroxylated Pyrrolidines to Piperidines by Mitsunobu Reaction. A Fortuitous Synthesis of 1-Deoxy-L-allonojirimycin. Synlett 2004, 1711. A. DONDONI, N. CATOZZI, A. MARRA Stereoselective Synthesis of ?- and ?-L-C-Fucosyl Aldehydes and Their Utility in the Assembly of C-Fucosides of Biological Relevance J. Org. Chem. 2004, 69, 5023. A. DONDONI, A. MASSI, S. SABBATINI, V. BERTOLASI Three-component Staudinger-type Stereoselective Synthesis of C-Glycosyl ?-Lactams and Their Use as Precursors for C-Glycosyl Isoserines and Dipeptides. A PolymerAssisted Solution-phase Approach Adv.Synth. Catal. 2004, 346, 1355 A. DONDONI, A. MARRA Thiazole-Based Synthetic Methodology. Chem. Rev. 2004, 104, 2557. A. DONDONI, A. MASSI, S. SABBATINI, V. BERTOLASI Synthesis of C-Glycosyl ?-Amino Acids by Asymmetric Mannich-type Three-component Reactions. Tetrahedron Lett. 2004, 45, 2381. A. DONDONI, A. MASSI, E. MINGHINI, V. BERTOLASI Multicomponent Hantzsch Cyclocondensation as a Route to Highly Functionalized 2- and 4-Dihydropyridylalanines, 2- and 4- Pyridylalanines, and Their N-Oxides : Preparation via Polymer-Assisted Solution-Phase Approach. Tetrahedron 2004, 60, 2311. A. DONDONI, A. MARRA, B. RICHICHI A Model Route Toward the Synthesis of Conformationally Constrained Polyhydroxylated Dipeptides from Natural Carbohydrates. Synlett 2003, 2345. A. DONDONI, A. MASSI Decoration of Dihydropyrimidine and Dihydropyridine Scaffolds with Sugars via Biginelli and Hantzsch Multicomponent Reactions. An Efficient Entry to a Collection of Artificial Nucleosides. Molecular Diversity 2003, 6, 261. A. DONDONI, A. MASSI, E. MINGHINI, S. SABBATINI, V. BERTOLASI Model Studies toward the Synthesis of Dihydropyrimidinyl and Pyridyl ?-Amino Acids via Three-Component Biginelli and Hantzsch Cyclocondensations. J. Org. Chem. 2003, 68, 6172. A. DONDONI, D. PERRONE A Convenient Synthesis of Iminosugar-C-glycosides via Organometallic Addition to NBenzyl-N-glycosylhydroxylamines. Tetrahedron 2003, 59, 4261. L.F. TIETZE, U. GRIESBACH, I. SCHUBERTH, U. BOTHE, A. MARRA, A. DONDONI - Novel Carboranyl C-Glycosides for the Treatment of Cancer by Boron Neutron Capture Therapy. Chem. Eur. J. 2003, 9, 1296. A. DONDONI, A. MARRA - A New Synthetic Approach to Mycobacterial Cell Wall ?(1,5)-D-Arabinofuranosyl C-Oligosaccharides. Tetrahedron Lett. 2003, 44, 4067. A. DONDONI, A. MARRA - Multigram Scale Synthesis of Formyl Tetra-O-benzyl-?-DC-glucopyranoside Using Benzothiazole as a Formyl Group Equivalent. Tetrahedron Lett. 2003, 44, 13. A. DONDONI, A. MASSI, E. MINGHINI, V. BERTOLASI - Dihydropyridine CGlycoconjugates by Hantzsch Cyclocondensation. Synthesis of a C(6)-Glycosylated Nifedipine Analogue. Helvetica Chimica Acta 2002, 85, 3331. A. DONDONI, A. MARRA, M. G. ZAMPOLLI - Synthesis of All Carbon Linked Glycoside Clusters Round Benzene Scaffold via Sonogashira-Heck-Cassar Cross Coupling of Iodobenzenes with Ethynyl C-Glycosides. Synlett 2002, 1850. A. DONDONI, P. P. GIOVANNINI, D. PERRONE - New Synthesis of Pyrrolidine Homoazasugars via Aminohomologation of Furanoses and Thier Use for the Stereoselective Synthesis of Aza-C-disaccharides. J. Org. Chem. 2002, 67, 7203. A. DONDONI, A. MASSI, S. SABBATINI, V. BERTOLASI - Three-Component Biginelli Cyclocondensation Reaction Using C-Glycosylated Substrates. Preparation of a Collection of Dihydropyrimidinone Glycoconjugates and the Synthesis of CGlycosylated Monastrol Analogues. J. Org. Chem. 2002, 67, 6979. A. DONDONI, A. MASSI, S. SABBATINI - Improved Synthesis and Preparative Scale Resolution of Racemic Monastrol. Tetrahedron Lett. 2002, 43, 5913. A. DONDONI, M. KLEBAN, X. HU, A. MARRA, H. D. BANKS - GlycosideClustering Round Calixarenes toward the Development of Multivalent Carbohydrate Ligands. Synthesis and Conformational Analysis of Calix[4]arene O- and CGlycoconjugates. J. Org. Chem. 2002, 67, 4722. A. DONDONI, G. MARIOTTI, A. MARRA, Synthesis of ?- and ?-Glycosyl Asparagine Ethylene Iosteres (C-Glycosyl Asparagines) via Sugar Acetylenes and Garner Aldehyde Coupling. J. Org. Chem. 2002, 67, 4475. A. DONDONI, A. MARRA, M. MIZUNO, P. P. GIOVANNINI- Linear Total Synthetic Routes to ?-D-C-(1,6)-Linked Oligoclucoses and Oligogalactoses up to Pentaoses by Iterative Wittig Olefination Assembly. J. Org. Chem. 2002, 67, 4186. A. DONDONI, A. MARRA - Synthesis of [60]Fulleropyrrolidine Glycoconjugates Using 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition with C-Glycosyl Azomethine Ylides. Tetrahedron Lett. 2002, 43, 1649. A. DONDONI, A. MASSI, E. MINGHINI - Two- and Three-Component Hantzsch Reaction Using C-Glycosylated Reagents. Approach to the Asymmetric Synthesis of 1,4Dihydropyridines. Synlett 2002, 89. A. DONDONI, A. MASSI - Parallel Synthesis of Dihydropyrimidinones Using Yb(III)Resin and Polymer-Supported Scavengers Under Solvent-Free Conditions. A Green Chemistry Approach to the Biginelli Reaction. Tetrahedron Lett. 2001, 42, 7975. A. DONDONI, G. MARIOTTI, A. MARRA, A. MASSI - Expeditious Synthesis of ?Linked Glycosyl Serine Methylene Isosteres (?-C-Gly Ser) via Ethynylation of Sugar Lactones. Synthesis 2001, 2129. A. DONDONI, P. P. GIOVANNINI, A. MARRA - A Concise C-Glycosyl Amino Acid Synthesis by Alkenyl C-Glycoside-Vinyloxazolidine Cross-Methatesis. Synthesis of Glycosyl Serine, Asparagine, and Hydroxynorvaline Isosteres. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans 1 2001, 2380. A. DONDONI, P. FORMAGLIO, A. MARRA, A. MASSI - Selectivity in the SmI2Induced Deoxygenation of Thiazolylketoses for Formyl C-Glycoside Synthesis and Revised Structure of C-Ribofuranosides. Tetrahedron 2001, 57, 7719. A. DONDONI, G. DE LATHAUWER, D. PERRONE. - A Convergent Synthesis of the Renin Inhibitor SPP-100 Using a Nitrone Intermediate. Tetrahedron Lett. 2001, 42, 4819. A. DONDONI, A. MASSI, S. SABBATINI - Towards the Synthesis of C-Glycosylated Dihydropyrimidine Libraries via the Three-Component Biginelli Reaction. A Novel Approach To Artificial Nucleosides. Tetrahedron Lett. 2001, 42, 4495. A. DONDONI, X. HU, A. MARRA, H. D. BANKS - First Synthesis of Bridged and Double Calixsugars. Tetrahedron Lett. 2001, 42, 3295. A. DONDONI, A. MARRA, M.-C. SCHERRMANN, V. BERTOLASI - Chemical Synthesis of Linear and Cyclic Unnatural Oligosaccharides by Iterative Glycosidation of Ketoses. Chem. Eur. J. 2001, 7, 1371. A. DONDONI - Formylation of Carbohydrates and the Evolution of Synthetic Routes to Artificial Oligosaccharides and Glycoconjugates. Pure Appl. Chem. 2000, 72, 1577. A. DONDONI, A. MARRA - Methods for Anomeric Carbon-Linked and Fused Sugar Amino Acid Synthesis : The Gateway to Artificial Glycopeptides. Chem. Rev. 2000, 100, 4395. A. DONDONI, M. MIZUNO, A. MARRA - Improved Iterative Olefination Approach to Oligosaccharide Mimics : Stereoselective Synthesis of ?-(1,6)-Galactopentaose Methylene Isostere. Tetrahedron Lett., 2000, 41, 6657. A. DONDONI, P. P. GIOVANNINI, A. MARRA - Convergent Synthesis of Pyrrolidinebased (1,6)-Aza-C-disaccharides . Tetrahedron Lett., 2000, 41, 6195. A. DONDONI, G. MARIOTTI, A. MARRA - General, Stereoselective Synthesis of Isosteres of ?- and ?-Glycosylasparagines. Tetrahedron Lett., 2000, 41, 3483. Invited and Plenary Lectures (1980-present) 1 Synthesis of Heterocycle-Tethered C-Glycosyl alpha-Amino Acids and CGlycopeptides (plenary) 11th IBN SINA International Conference on Pure and Applied Heterocyclic Chemistry, Cairo, Egypt, December, 2008. 2 Assembling Biologically Validated Molecules Using Heterocycle-Forming Reactions (plenary) Wyeth Lecture, Princeton, USA, April 2008. 3 New Approaches to Biologically Validated Molecules Using Chemoselective Ligation Reactions (plenary) International Symposium on Advances in Synthetic and Medicinal Chemistry, St. Petersburg, Russia, August 2007. 4 Looking for Efficiency in the Preparation of Heterocycle-Tethered C-Glycosyl Amino Acids via Multicomponent Reactions and 1,3-Dipolar Cycloadditions (plenary) 233rd-ACS National Meeting, Chicago, USA, March 2007. 5 Design and Synthesis of New Classes of Heterocyclic C-Glycoconjugates and Amino Acids by Asymmetric Multicomponent Reactions (plenary) 10th IBN SINA International Conference on Pure and Applied Heterocyclic Chemistry, Luxor, Egypt, February, 2007. 6 Asymmetric Multicomponent Approach to Chemical Efficiency. Paving the Way to the Preparation of Heterocyclic Glycoconjugate and Amino Acid Libraries (plenary) Syngenta Lecture, Basel, Switzerland, November, 2006. 7 Multicomponent Synthetic Approach to Reingineered Heterocycle Pharmacophores by Glycoside Decoration (invited) 3rd Internatioal Conference on Chemistry and Biological Activity of NitrogenContaining Heterocycles, Chernogolovka-Moscow, Russia, June, 2006. 8 Multicomponent Synthetic Approach to Reingineered Heterocycle Pharmacophores by Glycoside Decoration (plenary) Synthetic Heterocyclic Chemistry Conference, Barcelona, Spain, May, 2006. 9 Multicomponent Synthetic Approach to Reingineered Heterocycle Pharmacophores by Glycoside Decoration (invited) 2nd Italian-Swiss Meeting on Medicinal Chemistry, Modena, Italy, September, 2005. 10 Stereoselective Multicomponent Reaction Approaches to Heterocycle and Amino Acid C-Glycoconjugates (plenary) 2nd Austrian-Hungarian Carbohydrate Conference, Somogyaszalò, Hungary, May, 2005. 11 Stereoselective Multicomponent Reaction Approaches to Heterocycle CGlycoconjugates and Amino Acids (keynote lecture) IV Laboratory on Synthetic Methodologies for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Siena, Italy, February, 2005. 12 Stereoselective Multicomponent Reaction Approaches to Heterocycle CGlycoconjugated and Amino Acids (invited) 9th Ibn Sina, International Conference on Pure and Applied Heterocyclic Chemistry, Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt, December, 2004. 13 Exploiting Classical Reactions for Modern Targets of Biological Relevance (plenary) One-Day Symposium in Honor of Professor A. Suzuki, CNR-ISOF, Bologna, Italy, October, 2004 14 Synthesis of Heterocycle Glyconjugates via Multicomponent Biginelli and Hantzsch Reactions (invited) 2nd International Conference on Multicomponent Reactions, Combinatorial and Related Chemistry, Genova, Italy , April, 2003. 15 Synthesis of Glycoconjugate Bioisosteres (plenary) 51st Natural Products Gordon Research Conference, Tilton, N. H., USA, July, 2002. 16 Designed Glycosides for Biological Studies and Medicinal Chemistry' (plenary) X Meeting on Heterocyclic Structures in Medicinal Chemistry, Palermo, Italy, May, 2002. 17 Thiazole-Promoted Carbohydrate Synthesis. Designed Glycosides for Biological Studies and Medicinal Chemistry' (plenary) International Symposium on Natural Products and Analogues. Synthesis and Biology, Gottingen, Germany, May, 2002. 18 Heterocycles as Synthetic Tools and Targets' (plenary) Post-ICHC Symposium on New Synthetic Methods for Heterocyclic Compounds, Sendai, Japan, August, 2001. 19 Glicosil Ammino Acidi per la Sintesi di Glicopeptidi Artificiali' (plenary) XXVI Corso Estivo di Chimica Organica, Gargnano (BS), Italy, June, 2001. 20 Thiazole-promoted Carbohydrate Chemistry : New Synthetic Routes to Artificial Glycosides for Biological Studies' (plenary) 70th Birthday Celebration Symposium in Honor of Dr. R. Abramovitch', Clemson, USA, May, 2001 21 The Design and Synthesis of Glycoconjugates of Biological Relevance with the Co-operation of Heterocyclic Chemistry' (plenary) Symposium on Applied Heterocyclic Chemistry, Copenhagen, Sweden, April, 2001. 22 Carbohydrate Synthesis with the Co-operation of Thiazole Chemistry' (plenary) 8th Blue Danube Symposium on Heterocyclic Chemistry, Bled, Slovenia, September, 2000. 23 Stereoselective Synthesis of Artificial Glycosides for Biological Studies' (plenary) 2nd Euroconference on Carbohydrates in Drug Research, Lisboa, Portugal, September, 2000. 24 Formylation of Carbohydrates and the Evolution of Synthetic Routes to Artificial Oligosaccharides and Glycoconjugates' (plenary) 13th International Conference on Organic Synthesis, Warsaw, Poland, July, 2000. 25 Stereoselective Synthesis of Artificial Glycosides for Biological Studies' (plenary) Novartis Lecture on Stereochemistry, Regensburg, Germany, June, 2000. 26 Early and Recent Innovations in Synthetic Methodologies with the Co-operation of Heterocycles' (plenary) 1st Florida Heterocyclic Conference, Gainesville, Florida, USA, March 2000 27 Synthesis of Oxygen- and Carbon-Linked Glycosides of Biological Relevance (plenary) 10th European Carbohydrate Symposium, Galway, Ireland, July, 1999. 28 Methods for the Synthesis of Natural Products and Their Analogs' (Ziegler-Natta Lecure) Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany, May, 1999. 29 The Thiazole-based Formylation of Carbohydrates and its Evolution into New Synthetic Routes to Glycoconjugates and Oligosaccharides' (Avogadro-Minakata Lecture) 76th National Meeting of the Chemical Society of Japan, Yokohama, Japan, April, 1999. 30 Nucleophilic Formylation and Carboxylation Reactions and Their Use for the Synthesis of Natural Products and Their Analogs' (plenary) 14th Organic Chemistry Winter Meeting of the Norvegian Chemical Society, Pharmaceutical and Organic Chemistry Division, Geilo, Norway, January, 1999. 31 Heterocycle-based Synthesis of Natural Products and Their Analogs' (plenary). Euro-Conference on the Synthesis, Biological Transformation and Isolation of Natural Products, Seville, Spain, November, 1998. 32 New Methods for Glycoside Synthesis' (plenary) 21st Gulf Coast Chemistry Conference, Pensacola, Florida, USA, September, 1998. 33 New Methods for O- and C-Glycoconjugate Synthesis' (plenary). A. Fava Memorial Lecture. Italian Chemical Society, Organic Chemistry Division, Lecce, Italy, June, 1998. 34 Addition Reactions of Heterocycles to Nitrones and their Use in Natural Product Synthesis' (invited). 16th International Congress of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Bozeman, Montana, USA, August, 1997. 35 Stereocontrolled Formylation Reactions and their Use in Pseudopeptide and Sugar Synthesis' (plenary). Gordon Research Conference on Organic Reactions and Processes, New England College, Henniker, New Hampshire, US, August, 1997. 36 New Methods for O- and C-Glycoconjugate Synthesis' (plenary) 4th Spanish Carbohydrate Symposium, Aguadulce (Almeria), Spain, June, 1997. 37 Strategies and Methods for Organic Synthesis. A Heterocycle-Based Approach' (plenary) Sixth Conference of the French-American Chemical Society, Tucson, USA, March, 1997. 38 Heterocycle-based Synthesis of Natural Products and their Analogs' (plenary) XVIIth European Colloquium on Heterocyclic Chemistry, Regensburg, Germany, October,1996. 39 Total Synthesis of Polyoxin J ' (plenary) 5th International Conference on Chemical Synthesis of Antibiotics and Related Microbial Products, Debrecen, Hungary, September,1996. 40 Strategies and Methods for C-Glycoside Synthesis' (invited) XVIII International Carbohydrate Symposium, Milano, Italy, July,1996. 41 .One-carbon Homologation of Carbohydrates : From the Cyanohydrin Synthesis to Thiazole-based Methods' (plenary) Fourth European Training Course on Carbohydrates, Alzate Brianza, Italy, July,1996. 42 Strategies and Tactics for Organic Synthesis. A Heterocycle-based Approach' (plenary) Ciba Lecture, Academy of Science, Prague, Czek Republik, April 1996. 43 Thiazole-based Strategies for Carbohydrate Synthesis' (plenary) First International Meeting of the Portuguese Carbohydrate Chemistry Group, Lisbon, Portugal, September,1995. 44 Use of Metalated Thiazoles as Formyl Carbanion Equivalents for the Stereoselective Synthesis of Carbohydrates and Amino Acids' (plenary) Fourth International Symposium on Carbanion Chemistry, Fort Collins, USA, August, 1995. 45 Nuove Metodologie Stereoselettive per la Sintesi di Molecole Biologicamente Attive' (plenary) Convegno Nazionale sugli Orientamenti e Metodologie in Chimica Farmaceutica, Organica, e Bioorganica, Numana (AN), Italy, June, 1995. 46 New Methods and Strategies for Carbohydrate and Amino Acid Synthesis' (plenary) Rhône-Poulenc Rorer Lecture, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA, March, 1995. 47 Stereoselective Methodologies for the Synthesis of Bioactive Molecules' (plenary) 2e Journée CRPF de Chimie, Castres, France, December, 1994. 48 Stereoselective Methodologies in Service to Carbohydrate and Amino Acid Synthesis' (plenary) Ischia Advanced School of Organic Chemistry, Ischia, Italy, September, 1994. 49 Heterocycles as Synthetic Auxiliaries. Some Service from Thiazole and Furan in Amino Acid and Sugar Synthesis' (plenary) Gordon Research Conference on Heterocyclic Compounds, New Hampton, US, July, 1994. 50 Stereoselective Methodologies in Service to Carbohydrate and Amino Acid Synthesis' (plenary) Upper Rhine Lecture Tour, Universities of Basel, Freiburg, Karlsruhe, Mulhouse, Strasbourg, France, Swtizerland, Germany, June, 1994 51 Stereoselective Methodologies in Service to Carbohydrate Chemistry' (plenary) Symposium on Synthetic Challenges of the Nineties, Amsterdam, Holland, December, 1993. 52 New Stereocontrolled Methods for the Synthesis of Carbohydrates and Amino Acids' (plenary) The 16th Gulf Coast Chemistry Conference, Pensacola Beach, Florida, USA, September, 1993. 53 Acyclic Stereoselective Methodologies in Service to Carbohydrate Chemistry' (plenary) VIIth European Carbohydrate Symposium, Cracow, Poland, August, 1993. 54 Can Heterocycles Be Used in Service to Carbohydrate Chemistry? Synthesis of Sugars via Thiazole Intermediates' (plenary) Gordon Research Conference on Carbohydrate Chemistry , Tilton, New Hampshire, USA, July, 1993. 55 Stereocontrolled Synthetic Methods via Thiazole-based Formylation. New Routes to Carbohydrates and Unusual Amino Acids' (plenary) EUCHEM Stereochemistry Conference, Bürgenstock, Switzerland, May, 1993. 56 Heterocycles in Organic Synthesis. From Thiazoles to Carbohydrates' (plenary)' Fourth International Symposium on Pure and Applied Heterocyclic Chemistry, Cairo, Egypt, December, 1992. 57 Third International Symposium on the Chemical Synthesis of Antibiotics and Related Microbial Products, Kloster Banz, Germany, September, 1992. 58 New Approaches to the Stereoselective Synthesis of Nonproteinogenic Amino Acids and Azasugars from Natural Amino Acids' (invited). 59 Acyclic Diastereoselective Synthesis Using Functionalized Thiazoles. Routes to Carbohydrates and Related Natural Products' (plenary) Primo Convegno Italo-Tedesco di Chimica Organica, Parma, Italy, October, 1992. 60 Acyclic Diastereoselective Synthesis Using Functionalized Thiazoles. Routes to Carbohydrates and Related Natural Products' (plenary) Groupe d'Etudes de Chime Organique ( GECO XXXIII), Lozari, Corse, September, 1992. 61 Acyclic Diastereoselective Synthesis Using Functionalized Thiazoles. Routes to Carbohydrates and Related Natural Products' (plenary ) Fourth Belgian Organic Synthesis Symposium (BOSS 4), Leuven, May 1992. 62 Carbohydrate Synthesis via Thiazoles' (plenary) Sixth Modern Synthetic Methods Seminar, Interlaken, Switzerland, May 1992. 63 Acyclic Diastereoselective Synthesis via Thiazole Intermediates. Routes to Carbohydrates and Related Natural Products' (plenary) The Fifth International Kyoto Conference on New Aspects of Organic Chemistry (IKCOC-5), Kyoto, Japan, November 1991. 64 Interplay Between Heterocyclic and Carbohydrate Chemistry. Thiazoles as Aldehyde Equivalents in Sugar Synthesis' (invited) Thirteenth International Congress of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Corvallis, USA, August 1991 65 Thiazoles as Aldehyde Equivalents for the Synthesis of Chiral Carbon Chains en route to Natural Carbohydrates' (plenary) First Anglo-Norman Organic Chemistry Colloquium (ANORCQ I), Rouen, France, May 1991. 66 Heterocycles in Organic Synthesis. Use of Thiazoles as Aldehyde Equivalents in Acyclic Stereoselective Strategies' (plenary) Meeting on Nuovi Orientamenti nella Sintesi Organica, Milano, Italy, November 1990 67 Heterocycles in Organic Synthesis. Use of Thiazoles as Aldehyde Equivalents in Acyclic Stereoselective Strategies' (plenary) Tenth Symposium on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds, Kosice, Czechoslovakia, August 1990. 68 Interplay Between Heterocyclic and Carbohydrate Chemistry. Thiazoles as Auxiliaries in Sugar Synthesis' (plenary) Terzo Convegno Nazionale sulla Chimica dei Carboidrati, Ferrara, Italy, June 1990 69 Heterocycles in Organic Synthesis. Use of Thiazoles as Aldehyde Equivalents in Acyclic Stereoselective Strategies' (plenary ) Annual Chemical Congress of the Royal Society of Chemistry, Belfast, Northern Ireland, April 1990 70 Interplay Between Heterocyclic and Carbohydrate Chemistry. Thiazoles as Auxiliaries in Sugar Synthesis' (plenary) Carbohydrate Group Annual Symposium of the Royal Society of Chemistry, Cardiff, U.K., March 1990 71 New Organometallic Reagents in Organic Synthesis : Use of 2(Trimethylsilyl)thiazole in Acyclic Stereoselective Strategies' (invited) Fifth IUPAC Symposium on Organometallic Chemistry Directed Towards Organic Synthesis (OMCOS), Firenze, Italy, October 1989 72 Heterocycles in Organic Synthesis. Use of Thiazoles as Aldehyde Equivalents in Acyclic Stereoselective Strategies' (plenary) Journées de Chimie Organique (JCO 89), Societé Française de Chimie, Paris, France, September 1989 73 Heterocycles in Organic Synthesis. Use of Thiazoles as Aldehyde Equivalents in Acyclic Stereoselective Strategies' (plenary) Gordon Research Conference on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds, New Hampton, USA, July 1989 74 Thiazole Mediated Strategies in Stereoselective Acyclic Synthesis' (plenary) The Ninth Lakeland Heterocyclic Symposium, Grasmere, UK, May 1989 75 Organic Synthesis with Sulfur Heterocycles (Thiazoles) as Auxiliaries' (plenary) Thirteenth International Symposium on the Organic Chemistry of Sulfur, Odense, Denmark, August 1988 76 Thiazole Mediated Strategies in Stereoselective Acyclic Synthesis' (plenary ) Gordon Research Conference on Organic Reactions and Processes, New Hampton, USA, July 1988 77 Thiazoles as Auxiliaries in New Synthetic Strategies Toward Biologically Active Compounds' (plenary) Third Meeting on 'Strutture Eterocicliche nella Ricerca Farmaceutica', Palermo, Italy, May 1988. 78 Functionally Substituted Thiazoles : Versatile Auxiliaries for Carbohydrate Synthesis' (plenary) Spring Annual Meeting of the Chemical Society of Japan, Tokyo, Japan, April 1988 79 Thiazole-mediated Synthesis of Carbohydrates' (plenary ) Seminar on New Frontiers of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Pavia, Italy, December 1987 80 Functionally Substituted Thiazoles as Versatile Tools for Heterocyclic and Acyclic Synthesis' (plenary ) Fifth European Symposium on Organic Chemistry, Jerusalem, Israel, September 1987 81 New Synthetic Strategies via Metalated Azoles'( plenary) Colloquium on Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Leuven, Belgium, March 1987 82 Nuove Strategie di Sintesi Mediante Tiazoli ed Ossazoli Metallati'( plenary) Giornate di Chimica Organica Fisica e Meccanicistica, Catania, Italy, October 1986 83 Metalated Azoles as Precursors to Building Blocks and Chiral Synthons' (plenary ) Gordon Research Conference on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds, New Hampton, USA, July 1986 84 Synthetic Aspects of the Chemistry of Silylthiazoles and Silyloxazoles' (plenary ) Tenth International Congress of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Waterloo, Canada, August, 1985 85 New Perspectives in Thiazole Chemistry' (plenary) Eleventh International Symposium on the Organic Chemistry of Sulphur, Lindau, FDR, September, 1984 86 Selectivity in Heteroallene Cycloaddition Reactions' (plenary) Symposium on Organic and Biorganic Reaction Mechanisms, Messina, Italy, September 1981 87 Four- and Six-membered Heterocycles from 1,2- and 1,4-Cycloadditions to Ketenimines' (plenary) Colloquium on Heterocyclic Chemistry, Mulhouse, France, July 1980