J. Serb. Chem. Soc. 67 (10)639–646(2002)
UDC 546.27:549.261+546.76
JSCS-2985
Short communication
SHORT COMMUNICATION
Chemical composition and antimicrobial action of the ethanol extracts of Salvia pratensis L., Salvia
glutinosa L. and
Salvia aethiopis L.
DRAGAN T. VELI^KOVI]1, NOVICA V. RANDJELOVI]2, MIHAILO S. RISTI]3, ANDRIJA A.
sMELCEROVI]4 and ANA S. VELI^KOVI]5
1AD “Zdravlje” Pharmaceutical and Chemical Industry, Vlajkova St. 199, YU-16000 Leskovac,
2Faculty of Technology, Bulevar Oslobodjenja St. 124, YU-16000 Leskovac,
3Institue for Medicinal Plants Research “Dr. Josif Pan~ic”, Tadeusa Koscuska St. 1, YU-11000 Belgrade,
4Chemical Industry “Nevena”, Djordja Stamenkovica St. bb., YU-16000 Leskovac, and
5Medical Center “Mosa Pijade”, Department of General Practice, Rade Kon~ara St. 2, YU-16000
Leskovac, Yugoslavia
(Received 1 April, revised 27 May 2002)
Abstract: In this paper the chemical composition and antimicrobial action of the extracts from the flower,
leaf and stem of Salvia pratensis L., Salvia glutinosa L. and Salvia aethiopis L. were investigated. The
investigated extracts mostly contain monoterpenes to a high degree, except the flower extract of S.
pratensis and the leaf extract of S. glutinosa where sesquiterpenes were found in great amounts. Diterpenes
were found only in the extracts of S. aethiopis. All these extracts contained 1,8-cineole (to the highest
degree (19.1 %) in the stem extract of S. glutinosa) and beta-caryophyllene (to the highest degree (7.0 %) in
the flower extract of S. pratensis). The antimicrobial activities of the extracts were determined by the
diffusion and dilution method.
Keywords: Salvia pratensis, Salvia glutinosa, Salvia aethiopis, Lamiaceae, extracts, chemical composition,
antimicrobial activity.
REFERENCES
1. I. C. Hedge, in Advances in Labiate Science, R. Harley, T. Reynolds Eds., Roy. Bot. Gard., Kew, UK
1992, p. 85.
2. N. Diklic, in Flora of Serbia VI, M. Josifovic Ed., SANU Belgrade 1974, p. 432
3. F. I. Jean, G. J. Collin, D. Lord, Perfum. Flavor. 17 (1992) 35
4. E. Reverchon, R. Taddeo, G. Della Porta, J. Supercrit. Fluids 8 (1995) 302
5. R. Länger, Ch. Mechtler, J. Jurenitsch, Phytochem. Anal. 7 (1996) 289
6. Y. Lu, L. Y. Foo, Phytochemistry 51 (1999) 91
7. M. Wang, H. Kikuzaki, N. Zhu, S. Sang, N. Nakatani, C. Tang Ho, J. Agric. Food Chem. 48 (2000) 235
8. J. Anaya, MaC Caballero, M. Grande, J. J. Navarro, I. Tapia, J. F. Almeida, Phytochemistry 28 (1989)
2206
9. G. Nagy, G. Günther, I. Máthé, G. Blunden, M. Yang, T. A. Crabb, Phytochemistry 52 (1999) 1105
10. A. Ulubelen, I. Uygur, Planta Med. 29 (1976) 318
11. M. Hernandez-Perez, R. M. Rabanal, M. C. de la Tore, B. Bodriguez, Planta Med. 61 (1995) 505
12. D. Brkic, S. Sosa, A. Tubaro, R. Della Loggia, International Congress and 48th Annual Meeting of the
Society for Medicinal Plant Research, Zürich, P2A/11 (2000)
13. N. Mimica-Dukic, J. Canadanovic-Brunet, N. Gavaric, M. Couladis, O. Tzakou, M. Popovic,
International Congress and 48th Annual Meeting of the Society for Medicinal Plant Research, Zürich,
P2A/65 (2000)
14. D. Mihajlovic, M. Nikolic, Z. Stoiljkovic, S. Stankovic, D. Djordjevic, I. Djordjevic, D. Stajic, Lek.
Sirov. 47 (1998) 153
15. V. Nadjalin, Z. Djarmati, S. Filip, Arch. Pharm. (5) (1997) 626
16. Pharmacopeia Jugoslavica IV, Edition of the Federal Institute for Health Care, Belgrade 1991
17. R. P. Adams, Identification of Essential Oils by Ion Trap Mass Spectroscopy, Academic Press, San
Diego 1989
18. R. P. Adams, Identification of Essential Oil Components by GC/MS, Allured Publ. Corp., Carol
Stream, Illinois 1995.
19. Anonymous, Draft International Standard ISO/DIS 11024-1.2/2.2, Esential oils – General guidance on
chromatographic profiles, International Organization for Standardization, Geneva 1997
20. D. Veli~kovic, M. Ristic, N. Randjelovic, V. Stamenkovic, Lek. Sirov. 47 (1998) 75
21. D. Veli~kovic, N. Randjelovic, R. Danilovic, Lek. Sirov. 47 (1998) 161.
J. Serb. Chem. Soc. 67 (10)647–651(2002)
UDC 54-12+539.2+512.546.1
JSCS-2986
Original scientific paper
Upgrading the Wiener index
EDUARDO A. CASTRO,a IVAN GUTMAN,b DAMIAN MARINOa and
PABLO PERUZZOa
aCEQUINOR, Departamento de Quimica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata,
C. C. 962, La Plata 1900, Argentina and bFaculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, P. O. Box 60, YU34000 Kragujevac, Yugoslavia
(Received 18 June 2002)
Abstract: The Wiener index W is the oldest molecular-graph-based structure-descriptor. It is defined as the
sum of the distances of all pairs of vertices of the molecular graph G, where the distance is the number of
edges in the shortest path connecting the respective vertices, and where G is the hydrogen-depleted
molecular graph. This seemingly very simple topological index could be "upgraded" (a) by using as the
distance the sum of the bond lengths along the shortest path, or (b) by using the Euclidean distance between
the respective pairs of atoms. Each of these "upgraded" Wiener indices could be computed either (a) for the
hydrogen-depleted or (b) for the hydrogen-filled molecular graph. We provide examples showing that none
of the modifications (aa), (ab), (ba), (bb) yields better results than the ordinary Wiener index, and that there
is a very good linear correlation between W and its "upgraded" variants.
Keywords: Wiener index, topological index, 3D-structure descriptors, chemical graph theory, QSPR,
QSAR.
REFERENCES
1. H. Wiener, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 69 (1947) 17
2. R. Todeschini, V. Consonni, Handbook of Molecular Descriptors, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim 2000
3. D. E. Needham, I. C. Wei, P. G. Seybold, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 110 (1988) 4186
4. I. Gutman, J. H. Potgieter, J. Serb. Chem. Soc. 62 (1997) 185
5. G. Rücker, C. Rücker, J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. 39 (1999) 788
6. A. A. Dobryinin, R. Entringer, I. Gutman, Acta Appl. Math. 66 (2001) 211
7. A. A. Dobrynin, I. Gutman, S. Klav`ar, P. zigert, Acta Appl. Math., 72 (2002)247
8. I. Gutman, T. Körtvélyesi, Z. Naturforsch. 50a (1995) 669
9. I. Gutman, J. H. Potgieter, South Afr. J. Sci. 92 (1996) 47
10. P. V. Khadikar, S. Karmarkar, S. Joshi, I. Gutman, J. Serb. Chem. Soc. 61 (1996) 89
11. S. Mendiratta, A. K. Madan, J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. 34 (1994) 867
12. S. Nikolic, N. Raos, Crot. Chem. Acta 74 (2001) 621
13. N. Raos, Croat. Chem. Acta 75 (2002) 117
14. I. Gutman, O. E. Polansky, Mathematical Concepts in Organic Chemistry, Springer-Verlag, Berlin,
1986
15. I. Gutman, J. Mol. Struct. (Theochem) 285 (1993) 137
16. I. Gutman, J. Serb. Chem. Soc. 58 (1993) 745
17. B. Bogdanov, S. Nikolic, N. Trinajstic, J. Math. Chem. 3 (1989) 299
18. M. Randic, B. Jerman-Bla`ic, N. Trinajstic, Comput. Chem. 14 (1990) 237
19. I. Gutman, D. Vidovic, L. Popovic, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 94 (1998) 857
20. M. Randic, S. C. Basak, J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. 39 (1999) 261
21. M. Randic, M. Pompe, SAR QSAR Environ. Res. 10 (1999) 451.
J. Serb. Chem. Soc. 67(10)653–659(2002)
UDC 546.663+542.913+66.061
JSCS-2987
Original scientific paper
Extraction of Tb(III) with N,N,N’,N’-tetrabutylmalonamide
SUN GUOXIN1*, CUI YU2, JIANG RUNTIAN1, XU RONGQI1 and SUN SIXIU3
1Institute of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Jinan University, Jinan, 250022, P. R. China,
2Institute of Chemical Engineering, Jinan University, Jinan, 250022, P. R. China, and
3Institute of Chemistry, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
(Received 15 April, revised 25 June 2002)
Abstract: The study on the extraction and separation of rare earths with new extractants is important in rare
earth hydrometallurgy and nuclear fuel reprocessing. In this work, a new synthesis method of N,N,N’,N’tetrabutylmalonamide (TBMA) is described with a yield higher than 80 %. The extraction behavior of
TBMA employing n-hexane-20 % n-octanol, benzene and toluene as diluents toward Tb(III) was
investigated. The effect of the concentrations of nitric acid, lithium nitrate and extractant as well as the
temperature on the extraction distribution ratio was studied in different diluents. The stoichiometry of the
extracted species of Tb(III) conforms to Tb(NO3)3·3TBMA. An attempt was made to determine the
structure of the extracted species from IR and mol conductance data.
Keywords: synthesis, N,N,N’,N’-tetrabutylmalonamide, extraction, Tb(III), diluent, structure.
REFERENCES
1. G.Sun, J.Han, B. Bao, S. Sun, Radiochim. Acta 83 (1998) 27
2. M. Weiql, A. Geist, K. Gompper, J. Kim, Solv. Extr. Ion Exch. 19 (2001) 215
3. G. Tian, Y. Zhu, J. Xu, Solv. Extr. Ion Exch. 19 (2001) 993
4. G. Thiollet, C. Musikas, Solv. Extr. Ion Exch. 7 (1989) 813
5. M. C. Charbonnel, C. Musikas, Solv. Extr. Ion Exch. 6 (1988) 461
6. C. Atlans, I. Donalde, J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 41 (1981) 1383
7. J. Wu, Recent Technology and Application of FT-IR Spectra, Science and Technoloy Publishing House,
Beijing, 1994
8. W. J. Geary, Coord. Chem. Rev. 7 (1971) 81
9. Ch. Huang, Rare Earth Coordination Chemistry, Science Publishing House, Beijing, 1997
10. P. Byers, M. Drew, M. Hudson, N. Isaacs, C. Madic, Polyhedron 13 (1994) 349
11. Y. Sh. Wang, G. X. Sun, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. (Lett.) 224 (1997) 151.
J. Serb. Chem. Soc. 67(10)661–667(2002)
UDC 547.56+547.632.5:543.23
JSCS-2988
Original scientific paper
A kinetic method for the determination of phenol
SNEzANA S. MITI] and VALENTINA V. ZIVANOVI]
Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Department of Chemistry, University of Nis, Visegradska 33,
P.O.Box 224, YU-18000 Nis, Yugoslavia
(Received 21 March 2001, Revised 1 July 2002)
Abstract: A kinetic method for the determination of phenol is proposed. The method is based on the
inhibiting effect of phenol on the Mn(II) catalysis of the oxidation of malachite green with potassium
periodate. The reaction rate was followed spectrophotometrically at 615 nm. Kinetic expression for the
reaction in the presence and absence of phenol are postulated. The optimal experimental conditions for the
determination of phenol were established and phenol was determined in concentrations from 30.0 to 188.0
ng/cm3 with a relative standard deviation of 5.5 %. The lower detecton limit is 7.8 ng/cm3. The effects of
certain foreign ions upon the reaction rate were determined for the assessment of the selectivity of the
method. The method was applied for the determination of phenol in tap and river water.
Keywords: phenol kinetic determination, malachite green oxidation, potassium periodate.
REFERENCES
1. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, XVI th ed, American Public Health
Association, Washington, DC 1985, p. 556
2. M. Katz, Measurement of Air Pollutants, Geneva (World Health Organization), 1969, p. 87
3. D. Price, P. J. Worsfold, C. F. C. Mantovera, Anal. Chim. Acta 298 (1994) 121
4. T. Fukasawa, M.Iwatsuki, S. Kawakubo, M. Mochizuki; Microchim. Acta III (1986) 71
5. S. S. Mitic, G. Z. Miletic, S. M. Miletic, D. A. Kostic; J. Serb. Chem. Soc. 63 (1998) 481
6. S. S. Mitic, G. Z. Miletic, S. M. Miletic, D. A. Kostic; J. Serb. Chem. Soc., 64 (1999) 141
7. D. Perez-Bendito, M. Silva, Kinetic Methods in Analytical Chemistry, Ellis Horwood Limited,
Chichester, 1988, p. 251
8. M. V. Rueda, A. A. Martin, L. M. Polo Diez, Perez Perez, Microchem. J., 39 (1989) 251
9. K. B. Yatsimirskii, Kinetic Methods of Analysis, Pergamon, Oxford, U. K., 1966.
J. Serb. Chem. Soc. 67(10)669–676(2002)
UDC 546.72+543.48:556
JSCS-2989
Original scientific paper
Spectrophotometric determination of trace iron(III) in
natural water after its preconcentration with a chelating resin
ZENOVIA MOLDOVANa and ELEONORA-ANA NEAGUb
aUniversity of Bucharest, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 4-12 Regina
Elisabeta Blvd., 703461-Bucharest, Romania and bInstitute of Rare and Nonferrous Metals, 102 Biruintei
Blvd.,
Bucharest, Romania
(Received 2 February, revised 17 May 2002)
Abstract: A method for the determination of Fe(III) at trace levels is described. Thus, prior to the
spectrophotometric determination, a preconcentration of the trace amounts of iron(III) using a chelate
forming resin is proposed. A strong base anion-exchange resin (Dowex 2X4) loaded with Ferron (7-iodo-8hydroxyquinoline-5-sulphonic acid) was used for Fe(III) preconcentration, at pH 2.2. After desorption with
5 % ascorbic acid in 0.5 M HCl, the analyte (converted from Fe(III) to Fe(II) was determined
spectrophotometrically at 510 nm as Fe(II)-o-phenanthroline complex. The accuracy of the proposed
method was verified by comparing the obtained results with those obtained using AAS with the standard
addition method. The sensitivity of the spectrophotometric method (after preconcentration) was 0.01 mg
Fe(III)/ml. The recovery for iron(III) at the 7 mg/l level was 97 %.
Keywords: iron(III), Ferron, chelating resin, preconcentration, spectrophotometric determination.
REFERENCES
1. M. Torre, M. L. Marina, Crit. Rew. Anal. Chem. 24 (1994) 327
2. G. M. Varshal, T. K. Velyukhonova, V. I. Pavlutskaya, N. P. Starshinova, A. A. Formanovsky, I. F.
Seregina, A. M. Shilnikov, G. I. Tsysin, Yu. A. Zolotov, J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 57(1994) 107
3. D. Atanasova, V. Stefanova, E. Russeva, Talanta 45 (1998) 857
4. K. Tagami, S. Uchida, Anal. Chim. Aca 405 (2000) 227
5. Y. Bakiricioglu, G. Seren, S. Akman, Anal. Lett. 34 (2001) 439
6. K. Pyrzynska, M. Trojanowicz, Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem. 29 (1999) 313
7. S. Arpadjan, L. Vuchkova, E. Kostadinova, Analyst 122 (1997) 243
8. A. Uzun, M. Soylak, L. Elci, Talanta 54 (2001) 197
9. M. Nicolai, C. Rosin, N. Tousset, Y. Nicolai, Talanta 50 (1999) 433
10. K. Saitoh, T. Hasebe, N. Teshima, M. Kurihara, T. Kawashima, Anal. Chim. Acta 376 (1998) 247
11. W. Qin, Z. J. Zhang, F. C. Wang, Fresenius, J. Anal. Chem. 360 (1998) 130
12. H. Obata, H. Karatami, E. Nakayama, Japan Anal. Chem. 65 (1993) 1524
13. J. T. M. De Jong, J. D. Das, U. Bathmann, M. H. C. Stoll, G. Kattner, R. F. Nolting, H. J. W. De Baar,
Anal. Chim. Acta 377 (1998) 113
14. A. R. Bowie, E. P. Achterberg, R. F. C. Mantoura, P. J.Worsfold, Anal. Chim. Acta 361 (1998) 189
15. K. S. Lee, W. Lee, D. W. Lee, Anal. Chem. 50 (1978) 255
16. J. H. Yoe, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 54 (1932) 4139
17. L. Vlädescu, Z. Moldovan, Rev. Chim. (Bucharest) 47 (1996) 46
18. Z. Moldovan, E. A. Neagu, P. Capotä, Rev. Roum. Chim. accepted for publication.
19. D. W. Margerum, C. V. Banks, Anal. Chem. 26 (1954) 200.
J. Serb. Chem. Soc. 67(10)677–684(2002)
UDC 546.562+547.57:543
JSCS-2990
Original scientific paper
Cu(II) complexes with a pendant octaazamacrocycle and m-bonded aromatic carboxylates
GORDANA VU^KOVI],1# MIRJANA ANTONIJEVI]2 and DEJAN POLETI3
1Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, P. O. Box 158, YU-11001 Belgrade, 2High School for
Chemistry and Technology, YU-15000 Sabac and 3Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry,
Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Karnegijeva, 4, YU-11000 Belgrade, Yugoslavia
(Received 20 March 2002)
Abstract: Three new cationic mixed-ligand Cu(II) complexes with N,N’,N’’,N’’’-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane (tpmc) and bridging aromatic mono- or dicarboxylate ligands were
prepared. Elemental analysis, conductometric and magnetic measurements, as well as electronic and IR
spectroscopy were employed for their characteriization. It is proposed that the complexes
sCu2(C6H5COO)tpmc](CIO4)3MeOH and sCu2(Hpht)tpmc](CIO4). 3H2O (H2pht = phthalic acid) are
binuclear with m-coordination of the carboxylate monoanions. The third complex,
sCu4ipht(tpmc)2](CIO4)6NaClO42MeCN (H2ipht = isophthalic acid) is one of the rare tetranuclear Cu(II)tpmc complexes with an aromatic dicarboxylate ion bridging two Cu2tpmc units. This was also confirmed
by preliminary results of the determination of the crystal structure.
Keywords: copper(II) complexes, octaazamacrocycle, benzoate, phthalate, isophthalate.
REFERENCES
1. E. G. Bakalbassis, A. P. Bozopoulos, J. Mrozinski, P. J. Rentzeperis, C. A. Tsipis, Inorg. Chem. 27
(1988) 529
2. E. G. Bakalbassis, J. Mrozinski, C. A. Tsipis, Inorg. Chem. 25 (1986) 3684
3. E. G. Bakalbassis, J. Mrozinski, C. A. Tsipis, Inorg. Chem. 24 (1985) 4231
4. S. K. Shakhatreh, E. G. Bakalbassis, C. A. Tsipis ,J. Mrozinski, Z. anorg. allg. Chem. 547 (1989) 199
5. Y. T. Li, C. W. Yan, B. R. Guo, D. Z. Liao, Polyhedron 16 (1997) 4379
6. M. R. Sundberg, R. Uggla, Inorg. Chim. Acta 254 (1997) 259
7. Y. T. Li, C. W. Yan, D. Z. Liao, Transiiton Met. Chem. 22 (1997) 234
8. Y. T. Li, D. Z. Liao, Z. H. Jiang, G. L. Wang, Synth. React. Inorg. Met. -Org. Chem. 25 (1995) 319
9. Y. T. Li, Z. H. Jiang, M. M. Miao, D. Z. Liao, S. P. Yan, G. L. Wang, Synth. React. Inorg. Met. -Org.
Chem. 24 (1994) 769
10. P. S. Subramanian, P. C. Dave, V. P. Boricha, D. Srinivas, Polyhedron 17 (1998) 443
11. M. Verdaguer, J. Gouteron, S. Jeannin, Y. Jeannin, O. Kahn, Inorg. Chem. 23 (1984) 4291 and
references cited there in
12. E. Asato, H. Toftlund, S. Kida, Inorg. Chim. Acta 165 (1989) 207
13. N. W. Alcock, K. P. Balakrishan, P. Moore, J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. (1986) 1743
14. a) Z. M. Miodragovic, G. Vu~kovic, S. P. Sovilj, D. D. Manojlovic, M. J. Malinar, J. Serb. Chem. Soc.
63 (1998) 781; b) G. Vu~kovic, unpublished results
15. S. P. Sovilj, G. Vu~kovic, V. M. Leovac, D. M. Minic, Polish J. Chem. 74 (2000) 945
16. G. Vu~kovic, E. Asato, N. Matsumoto, S. Kida, Inorg. Chim. Acta 171 (1990) 45
17. Z. M. Miodragovic, G. Vu~kovic, V. M. Leovac, J. Serb. Chem. Soc. 66 (2001) 597
18. G. A. Bogdanovic, Z. M. Miodragovic, G. Vu~kovic, R. Markovic, A. Spasojevic-de Biré, Synth.
React. Inorg. Met. -Org. Chem. 31 (2001) 1189
19. S. Chandrasekhar, W. L. Waltz, L. Prasad, J. W. Quail, Can. J. Chem. 75 (1997) 1363
20. P. W. Selwood, Magnetochemistry, Interscience, New York, 1956, p. 78
21. G. M. Sheldrick, SHELXS97. Program for the Solution of Crystal Structures, University of Göttingen,
Germany, 1997
22. G. M. Sheldrick, SHELXL97. Program for the Refinement of Crystal Structures, University of
Göttingen, Germany, 1997
23. W. J. Geary, Coord. Chem. Rev. 7 (1971) 81
24. K. Nakamoto, Infrared and Raman Spectra of Inorganic and Coordination Compounds, Part B, 5th Ed,
Willey, New York, 1997, pp. 23–26, 59–62, 83, 271–272
25. G. B. Deacon, R. J. Philips, Coord. Chem. Rev. 33 (1980) 227
26. F. A. Cotton, G. Wilkinson, Advanced Inorganic Chemistry, 5th Ed., Wiley, 1988, pp. 766–774
27. K. Peter, C. Vollhardt, N. E. Schore, Organska hemija, Hajdigraf, Beograd, 1994, pp. 606–607, 726–
727 (in Serbian).
J. Serb. Chem. Soc. 67(10)685–696(2002)
UDC 546.663+542.913+66.061
JSCS-2991
Original scientific paper
Study of the ability of self-assembled N-vinylcarbazole monolayers to protect copper against corrosion
CHUN-TAO WANG,1 SHEN-HAO CHEN,1,2 HOU-YI MA,1 LAN HUA1 and NAI-XING WANG1
1Department of Chemistry, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China and
2State Key Laboratory for Corrosion and Protection, Shenyang 110015, P. R. China
(Received 17 January, revised 28 June 2002)
Abstract: N-Vinylcarbazole (NVC) monolayers were self-assembled on copper surfaces. The
electrochemical properties of the copper surfaces modified by NVC self-assembled monolayers (SAMs)
were investigated using polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic (EIS) methods. The
polarization measurements indicated that the NVC SAMs could reduce the rates of the anodic and cathodic
reaction on the surface of copper electrodes in 0.5 mol dm-3 NaCl solution. The EIS results showed the
NVC formed a closely packed film that was able to inhibit copper corrosion. X-Ray photoelectron
spectroscopy (XPS) analysis of the copper samples and atomic adsorption analysis of the solution showed
that the copper surfaces were covered by NVC SAMs, and the adsorption of NVC on the copper surfaces
was accompanied with dissolution of Cu into the solution.
Keywords: self-assembled monolayers, N-vinylcarbazole, copper, EIS, XPS.
REFERENCES
1. A. Ulman, Chem. Rev. 96 (1996) 1533
2. J. D. Swalen, D. L. Allara, D. L. Allara, J. D. Andrade, E. A. Chandross, S. Garoff, J. Israelachvili, T. J.
Mclarthy, R. Murray, R. F. Pease, J. F. Rabolt, K. J. Wynne, H. Yu, Langmuir 3 (1987) 932
3. G. K. Jennings, P. E. Laidinis, Colloids Surf. A 116 (1996) 105
4. P. E. Laibins, G. M. Whitesides, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 114 (1992) 9022
5. Y. Q. Feng, W. K. Teo, K. S. Siow, Z. Q. Gao, K. L. Tan, A. K. Hsieh, J. Electrochem. Soc. 144 (1997)
55
6. Y. Yamamoto, H. Nishihara, K. Aramaki, J. Electrochem. Soc. 140 (1993) 436
7. Z. Quan, X. Wu, S. Chen, S. Zhao, H. Ma, Corros. 57 (2001) 195
8. Z. Quan, S. Chen, X. Cui, Y. Li, Corros. 58 (2002) 248
9. V. D. Castro, F. Allegretti, C. Baldacchini, M. G. Betti, G. Contini, V. Corradini, F. Lamactar, C.
Mariani, Surface Science 507-510 (2002) 7
10. H. P. Lee, K. Nobe, J. Electrochem. Soc. 133 (1986) 2035
11. C. Deslouis, B. Tribollet, G. Menagoli, M. M. Musiani, J. Appl. Electrochem. 18 (1988) 374
12. O. E. Barcia, O. R. Mattos, N. Pebere, B. Tribollet, J. Electrochem. Soc. 140 (1993) 2825
13. Y. Feng, W.-K. Teo, K.-S. Siong, K.-L. Tan, A.-K. Hsieh, Corros. Sci. 38 (1996) 369
14. K. Tokuda, T. Gueshi, H. Matsuda, J. Electroanal. Chem. 102 (1979) 41
15. E. Sabatani, I. Rubinstain, R. Maoz, J. Sagiv, J. Electroanal. Chem. 219 (1987) 365
16. M. E. Folquer, S. B. Ribotta, S. G. Real, L. M. Gasse, Corros. 58 (2002) 240
17. H. Ma, S. Chen, L. Niu, S. Zhao, S. Li, D. Li, J. Appl. Electrochem. 32 (2002) 65
18. J. B. Brzoska, N. Shahidzadeh, F. Rondelez, Nature 360 (1992) 719
19. C. Schonenberger, J. A. M. Sondag-Huathorst, J. Jorritsma, L. G. J. Fokkink, Langmuir 10 (1994) 611.
J. Serb. Chem. Soc. 67(10)697–707(2002)
UDC 546.27:549.261+546.76
JSCS-2992
Original scientific paper
The effect of boron on the amount and type of carbides in chromium white irons
STANKA M. TOMOVI]-PETROVI],1 SR\AN V. MARKOVI]2 and SLAVICA ZEC3
1Institute “Kirilo Savic”, Vojvode Stepe 51, YU-11000 Belgrade,
2Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, YU-11000 Belgrade and
3Vin~a Institute for Nuclear Science, P. O. Box 522, YU-11000 Belgrade, Yugoslavia
(Received 23 August 2000, revised 15 June 2002)
Abstract: The effect of boron, in the amounts of 0.26, 0.39, and 0.59 wt.%, on the volume fraction and
structure of carbides in Cr white irons was examined. It was demonstrated that the addition of boron can
change the microstructural characteristics of white iron containing about 13 wt.% Cr. With increasing
boron content, the volume fractions of M3C carbide increase, but the volume fracton of M7C3 carbide
remains unchanged. The addition of boron tends to produce hard borides and/or borocarbides. It also
prevents the formation of pearlite, which results in alloys possessing good wear resistance.
Keywords: chromium white iron, boron, carbides, borocarbide.
REFERENCES
1. K. A. Zum Gahr, Z. Metallkde. 68 (1977) 783
2. I. R. Sare, Met. Tech. 6 (1979) 412
3. L. Quing-Chun et al., Conference Proceedings, Cast Iron IV, Materials Research Society, (1990) p. 187
4. J. T. H. Pearce, AFS Transactions 126 (1984) 599
5. T. Ohide, G. Ohira, The British Foundryman 76 (1983) 7
6. J. V. Davson, The British Foundryman, 75 (1982) 134
7. A. Sawamoto, K. Ogi, K. Matsuda, AFS Transactions 72 (1986) 403
8. P. Dupin, J. M. Shissler, AFS Transactions 160 (1984) 355
9. C. R. Loper Jr, H. K. Baik, AFS Transactions 97 (1989) 1001
10. B. Nazalevic et al., Steel Foundry Jelsingrad, Banja Luka. Internal material
11. H. Fusheng, W. Chaochang, Materials Science and Technology 5 (1989) 918
12. P. Yan, Q. Zhou, Wear of Materials (1987) p. 743
13. F. Maratray, R. Useglio-Nanot, Climax Molybdenum Company, Paris, 1970
14. S. Aso, S. Goto, Y. Komatsu, J. Japan Inst. Metals 62 (1998) 774.