eTable 1. List of studies and key characteristics (a full database of all extracted data from
included studies is available at http://www.bric.ed.ac.uk)
eFigure 1. Sample size in studies that definitely scanned the same subjects at 1.5 and 3T
eFigure 2. Number of studies providing data for different key sequences at the two field
strengths
eAppendix 1. Search strategies
1
eTable 1. List of studies and key characteristics (a full database of all extracted data from included studies is available at
http://www.bric.ed.ac.uk)
Authors
Year
Number of
subjects
Same
subjects
scanned?
Data
prospective?
Readers
blinded?
Time between
scans
Disease
Scan type
Abdul-Kareem[1]
2009
10
Y
Y
Y
< 6 months
not relevant
sMRI
Acar[2]
2007
20
Y
Y
NR
U
not relevant
sMRI
Agati[3]
2004
6
Y
Y
U
U
tumour
sMRI
Al-Kwifi[4]
2002
15
Y
Y
Y
U
not relevant
MRA
Allkemper[5]
2004
20
Y
Y
Y
U
not relevant
T2-FSE
Allkemper[6]
2004
16
Y
Y
Y
< 1 day
bleeds
sMRI
Anzalone[7]
2008
28
Y
U
U
< 1 day
aneurysm/AVM/vascul
ar
MRA
Arnold[8]
2001
4
N
Y
U
NR
not relevant
sMRI
Bachmann[9]
2006
22
Y
Y
N
< 1 week
MS (inflammatory
conditions)
FLAIR deft slice thickness/resolution
Bammer[10]
2007
14
Y
Y
U
< 1 day
not relevant
MRA
Barker[11]
2001
5
Y
Y
U
U
not relevant
1H MRS single
Barth[12]
2003
18
Y
Y
U
< 1 week
not relevant
sMRI, CE-MRV
Bartlett[13]
2007
35
Y
N
N
> 1 year
epileptic foci
sMRI
2
Authors
Year
Number of
subjects
Same
subjects
scanned?
Data
prospective?
Readers
blinded?
Time between
scans
Disease
Scan type
Ba-Ssalamah[14]
2003
22
Y
Y
Y
U
tumour
sMRI
Benedetti[15]
2007
101
N
Y
U
U
not relevant
Special MRS- non localised whole
brain NAA MRS
Beppu[16]
2007
10
Y
Y
N
U
tumour
sMRI
Bernstein[17]
2001
12
Y
U
U
U
aneurysm/AVM/vascul
ar
MRA
Boss[18]
2007
13
N
Y
U
NR
not relevant
PWI
Brander[19]
2010
40
N
Y
U
NR
not relevant
sMRI, dMRI
Briellmann[20]
2001
8
Y
Y
N
< 6 months
not relevant
sMRI
Buhk[21]
2008
18
Y
Y
N
U
aneurysm/AVM/vascul
ar
MRA
Chakravarty[22]
2009
18
N
Y
N
NR
not relevant
fMRI
Chang[23]
2007
10
Y
Y
U
U
not relevant
sMRI
Chen[24]
2003
7
N
Y
U
NR
not relevant
fMRI
Chen[25]
2003
5
Y
Y
U
U
not relevant
fMRI
Davila[26]
2010
43
Y
Y
U
> 1 year
developmental
sMRI
Deichmann[27]
2004
Unclear
U
Y
U
U
not relevant
3D modified driven equilibrium
Fourier transform
Di Perri[28]
2009
79
Y
Y
Y
< 1 month
MS (inflammatory
conditions)
sMRI
3
Authors
Year
Number of
subjects
Same
subjects
scanned?
Data
prospective?
Readers
blinded?
Time between
scans
Disease
Scan type
Dickerson[29]
2008
16
Y
Y
NR
< 1 month
not relevant
sMRI
Ethofer[30]
2003
8
Y
Y
NR
NR
not relevant
sMRI, 1H MRS single
Ethofer[31]
2004
5
Y
U
U
U
developmental
1H MRS single
Everton[32]
2008
81
U
Y
NR
NR
not relevant
sMRI
Fera[33]
2004
9
Y
Y
NR
< 1 month
not relevant
fMRI
Fischbach[34]
2008
12
Y
Y
N
U
not relevant
sMRI
Friedman[35]
2006
5
Y
Y
U
< 1 week
not relevant
fMRI
Friedman[36]
2006
5
Y
Y
U
< 1 week
not relevant
fMRI
Friedman[37]
2008
5
Y
Y
N
< 1 week
not relevant
fMRI
Fushimi[38]
2006
24
Y
Y
Y
< 1 month
aneurysm/AVM/vascul
ar
MR angio TDF
Fushimi[39]
2007
30
Y
Y
U
< 1 day
not relevant
dMRI
Fushimi[40]
2007
10
Y
Y
U
< 1 day
not relevant
sMRI
Gaa[41]
2004
12
Y
Y
U
U
Gibbs[42]
2004
50
Y
N
U
> 1 year
Gonen[43]
2001
4
Y
Y
NR
< 1 month
aneurysm/AVM/vascul
ar
aneurysm/AVM/vascul
ar
not relevant
MRA
MRA
1H MRS CSI
4
Authors
Year
Number of
subjects
Same
subjects
scanned?
Data
prospective?
Readers
blinded?
Time between
scans
Disease
Scan type
Guilfoyle[44]
2001
6
U
Y
NR
NR
not relevant
sMRI
Haacke[45]
2009
27
N
Y
U
NR
MS (inflammatory
conditions)
T1-pre, T2, FLAIR, T1 post, SWI
Hamand[46]i
2008
4
Y
N
N
> 1 year
epileptic foci
fMRI, ASL
Han[47]
2006
20
Y
Y
U
< 1 month
not relevant
MPRAGE
Heidenreich[48]
2007
15
Y
Y
Y
U
aneurysm/AVM/vascul
ar
MRA
Ho[49]
2010
110
Y
Y
NR
U
not relevant
sMRI
Hoenig[50]
2005
10
Y
Y
NR
NR
not relevant
fMRI
Hu[51]
2008
10
Y
Y
Y
< 6 months
not relevant
MRA
Huang[52]
2010
18
Y
Y
N
< 1 month
MS (inflammatory
conditions)
sMRI
Huisman[53]
2006
12
Y
Y
U
< 1 day
not relevant
dMRI
Hunsche[54]
2001
7
Y
Y
N
U
not relevant
dMRI
Inglese[55]
2006
6
Y
Y
U
< 1 day
not relevant
1H MRS CSI
Inoue[56]
2005
1
Y
Y
NR
U
tumour
1H MRS single
Jovicich[57]
2009
15
Y
Y
NR
< 6 months
not relevant
sMRI
Kamada[58]
2008
101
Y
N
Y
> 1 year
not relevant
sMRI
5
Authors
Year
Number of
subjects
Same
subjects
scanned?
Data
prospective?
Readers
blinded?
Time between
scans
Disease
Scan type
Kantarci[59]
2003
81
Y
Y
NR
< 1 week
not relevant
1H MRS single
Kaufmann[60]
2010
58
Y
Y
N
< 1 day
aneurysm/AVM/vascul
ar
MRA
Keihaninejad[61]
2010
35
Y
Y
NR
< 1 month
not relevant
sMRI
Kickhefel[62]
2010
9
N
Y
NR
NR
not relevant
sMRI
Kikuta[63]
2011
97
Y
N
U
U
bleeds
sMRI
Kim[64]
2006
13
Y
Y
U
< 1 month
tumour
1H MRS single
Kim[65]
2007
5
Y
Y
U
U
tumour
Inversion prepared 3D spoiled
gradient-recalled (MPRAGE)
Knake[66]
2005
40
Y
N
N
U
epileptic foci
sMRI
Kolind[67]
2009
Unclear
Y
Y
NR
U
not relevant
T2 relaxation measurements using
32 echo sequence
Kosior[68]
2007
3
Y
Y
U
< 1 day
infarcts
dMRI, PWI
Krasnow[69]
2003
14
Y
Y
NR
< 1 month
not relevant
fMRI
Krautmacher[70]
2005
12
Y
Y
Y
< 1 week
tumour
sMRI
Kruger[71]
2001
28
Y
Y
NR
U
not relevant
fMRI
Kruggel[72]
2010
172
Y
N
U
U
not relevant
sMRI
Kuhl[73]
2005
26
Y
Y
Y
< 1 day
infarcts
dMRI
6
Authors
Year
Number of
subjects
Same
subjects
scanned?
Data
prospective?
Readers
blinded?
Time between
scans
Disease
Scan type
Lange[74]
2006
4
Y
Y
U
< 1 day
not relevant
1H MRS single, 1H MRS CSI
Lee[75]
2009
41
N
N
U
NR
infarcts
dMRI
Lee[76]
2005
10
Y
U
N
< 1 day
not relevant
sMRI
Li[77]
2006
18
N
Y
NR
NR
not relevant
PRESS H-1 MRS
Li[78]
2009
8
Y
Y
NR
NR
not relevant
Primary = T2* mapping
Lu[79]
2005
5
Y
Y
NR
< 1 week
not relevant
fMRI
Lu[80]
2005
10
Y
Y
Y
< 1 week
not relevant
sMRI
Lu[81]
2005
13
N
Y
NR
NR
Lupo[82]
2006
80
N
U
NR
NR
MacFadden[83]
2011
39
Y
Y
U
U
MS (inflammatory
conditions)
MS (inflammatory
conditions)
VASO
PWI
tumour
sMRI
Machata[84]
2009
76
N
Y
NR
NR
not relevant
Specific sequences used at each
field strength were not given. There
was no direct comparison of images.
Subjects received the clinically
indicated protocols for a range of
clinical conditions. Tympanic and
rectal temperatures were measured
before and aft
Madler[85]
2008
22
N
Y
NR
NR
not relevant
dMRI, Multicomponent T2 relaxation
7
Authors
Year
Number of
subjects
Same
subjects
scanned?
Data
prospective?
Readers
blinded?
Time between
scans
Disease
Scan type
Magnotta[86]
2006
6
Y
Y
NR
< 1 week
not relevant
sMRI
MechanicHamilton[87]
2009
49
N
Y
N
NR
epileptic foci
sMRI, fMRI
Meindl[88]
2008
6
Y
Y
NR
U
not relevant
fMRI
Nakai[89]
2001
36
Y
Y
NR
NR
not relevant
fMRI
Nandigam[90]
2009
14
U
Y
Y
U
bleeds
sMRI, Susceptibility weighted
imaging
Neema[91]
2009
15
Y
Y
U
NR
not relevant
sMRI
Neuwelt[92]
2007
12
N
Y
N
NR
not relevant
sMRI, MRA
Nielsen[93]
2006
28
Y
Y
Y
< 1 day
MS (inflammatory
conditions)
sMRI
2002
16
Y
Y
Y
U
tumour
sMRI
2006
6
Y
Y
U
U
not relevant
SWI
Noth[96]
2006
8
Y
Y
U
U
not relevant
PWI
Oh[97]
2006
9
Y
Y
U
U
not relevant
Multi -slice multi echo T2 prep spiral
sequences
Okada[98]
2005
8
Y
Y
NR
< 1 day
not relevant
fMRI
Okada[99]
2006
30
Y
Y
Y
< 1 day
not relevant
dMRI
Orbach[100]
2006
34
Y
Y
Y
U
not relevant
sMRI
NobauerHuhmann[94]
NoebauerHuhmann[95]
8
Authors
Year
Number of
subjects
Same
subjects
scanned?
Data
prospective?
Readers
blinded?
Time between
scans
Disease
Scan type
NMR, T1: - TAPIR, a sequence
based on the Look–Locker method;
- a 3D,T1-weighted sequence (MPRAGE)
OrosPeusquens[101]
2008
12
Y
Y
U
< 6 months
not relevant
T2: - A multi-slice, multi-echo T2
mapping sequence based on the
Carr–Purcell–Meiboom–Gill (CPMG)
method
T*2: - a multi-slice, multi-echo,
gradient ech
1H MRS single, MRS , 3D 1H MRSI
using point-resolved spectroscopy
(PRESS) volume selection:
Osorio[102]
2007
41
U
N
N
NR
tumour
- pre- and postcontrast axial T1weighted volume 3D spoiled
gradient-echo (SPGR) images;
- T2-weighted axial fluid-attenuated
inversion recovery (FLAIR) images
Pagani[103]
2010
80
Y
Y
U
U
MS (inflammatory
conditions)
sMRI
Park[104]
2008
11
Y
Y
NR
< 1 week
not relevant
sMRI
Pfefferbaum[105]
2010
20
Y
N
U
> 1 year
not relevant
sMRI, dMRI, Field map
Phal[106]
2008
25
Y
N
N
> 1 year
epileptic foci
sMRI
Pinker[107]
2007
17
Y
Y
N
U
aneurysm/AVM/vascul
ar
sMRI
9
Authors
Year
Number of
subjects
Same
subjects
scanned?
Data
prospective?
Readers
blinded?
Time between
scans
Disease
Scan type
Preston[108]
2004
8
Y
Y
NR
< 1 day
not relevant
fMRI
Rabe[109]
2006
19
Y
Y
NR
U
not relevant
fMRI
Ramgren[110]
2008
37
Y
Y
U
< 1 day
aneurysm/AVM/vascul
ar
MRA
Rosso[111]
2010
189
N
N
Y
NR
infarcts
dMRI
Runge[112]
2006
16
Y
Y
Y
< 1 day
not relevant
dMRI
Sasaki[113]
2008
12
Y
Y
Y
< 1 month
not relevant
dMRI
Sawaishi[114]
2005
1
Y
N
U
< 6 months
epileptic foci
sMRI
Schaafsma[115]
2010
311
N
Y
N
NR
aneurysm/AVM/vascul
ar
MRA
Scheid[116]
2007
14
Y
N
U
< 1 day
bleeds
dMRI
Scorzin[117]
2008
10
Y
Y
N
< 1 month
epileptic foci
sMRI, 3d T1 turbo field echo
Sicotte[118]
2003
25
Y
Y
N
< 1 week
Simon[119]
2010
41
Y
Y
Y
< 1 day
Sjobakk[120]
2006
19
Y
Y
U
< 1 day
tumour
1H MRS single
Sohn[121]
2010
11
Y
Y
Y
< 1 day
not relevant
sMRI
Spiegelmann[122]
2006
17
Y
Y
N
U
not relevant
dMRI
MS (inflammatory
conditions)
MS (inflammatory
conditions)
dMRI
sMRI
10
Authors
Year
Number of
subjects
Same
subjects
scanned?
Data
prospective?
Readers
blinded?
Time between
scans
Disease
Scan type
St Lawrence[123]
2005
11
N
Y
NR
U
not relevant
Multi-slice version of ASSIST arterial
spin tagging, combined with BOLD
Stehling[124]
2008
550
N
Y
Y
U
bleeds
sMRI
Strandberg[125]
2008
25
Y
N
N
U
epileptic foci
sMRI
Stroman[126]
2001
12
N
Y
NR
NR
not relevant
fMRI
Sullivan[127]
2009
Unclear
Y
N
N
> 1 year
not relevant
sMRI
Tardif[128]
2010
8
Y
Y
U
not relevant
FLASH, MP-RAGE
Tieleman[129]
2007
6
Y
Y
NR
< 1 month
not relevant
fMRI
Traber[130]
2004
62
N
N
NR
NR
not relevant
1H MRS single
Triantafyllou[131]
2005
8
Y
Y
NR
U
not relevant
fMRI
van der
Zwaag[132]
2009
6
Y
Y
N
U
not relevant
fMRI, MPRAGE
Watanabe[133]
2010
15
Y
Y
N
< 1 day
atrophy
sMRI
Wattjes[134]
2008
40
Y
Y
U
< 1 week
Wattjes[135]
2006
60
Y
Y
Y
< 1 week
Wattjes[136]
2006
40
Y
Y
U
< 1 week
Weigel[137]
2006
33
U
Y
N
NR
MS (inflammatory
conditions)
MS (inflammatory
conditions)
MS (inflammatory
conditions)
not relevant
sMRI
sMRI
sMRI
sMRI
11
Authors
Year
Number of
subjects
Same
subjects
scanned?
Data
prospective?
Readers
blinded?
Time between
scans
Disease
Scan type
Weiskopf[138]
2006
5
Y
Y
NR
U
not relevant
fMRI
Willinek[139]
2003
15
Y
Y
Y
< 1 day
aneurysm/AVM/vascul
ar
MR angiography
Winter[140]
2009
5
Y
Y
N
NR
not relevant
sMRI, fMRI, Spiral imaging, SENSEEPI
Wolfsberger[141]
2004
21
Y
Y
U
U
tumour
sMRI
Wright[142]
2008
4
Y
Y
N
U
not relevant
sMRI
Yao[143]
2009
9
Y
Y
U
U
not relevant
sMRI
Yendiki[144]
2010
10
Y
Y
N
NR
not relevant
fMRI
Yongbi[145]
2002
6
Y
Y
U
U
not relevant
fMRI, PWI
Zhang[146]
2007
34
Y
Y
N
< 1 week
MS (inflammatory
conditions)
sMRI
Zijlmans[147]
2009
37
Y
N
Y
> 1 year
epileptic foci
sMRI, dMRI, Saggital T1-weighted
spin echo; saggital T1-weighted high
resolution isovolumetric scan; axial
dual echo T2-weighted turbo spin
echo
Zou[148]
2005
5
Y
Y
U
NR
not relevant
fMRI
Zou[149]
2008
126
N
Y
U
NR
aneurysm/AVM/vascul
ar
MRA
Zwanenburg[150]
2010
5
Y
Y
U
NR
not relevant
sMRI
12
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eFigure 1. Sample size in studies that definitely scanned the same subjects at 1.5 and 3T
Number of studies w ith the same subjects scanned at both 1.5T and 3T
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
Number of
7
studies
6
5
4
3
2
110
101
81
60
58
41
40
39
38
37
35
30
28
25
24
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
0
1
1
Sample size (number of subjects)
26
eFigure 2. Number of studies providing data for different key sequences
at the two field strengths
Type of sequence
70
Number of studies
60
50
40
1.5T
30
3T
20
10
0
sMRI
dMRI
fMRI
H1
MRSsingle
voxel
1H
MRSCSI
Other
MRS
PWI
MRA
Other
Sequence
sMRI=structural MRI; dMRI=diffusion imaging; fMRI=functional imaging;
MRS=spectroscopy; PWI=perfusion imaging; MRA=angiography
27
eAppendix 1. Search strategies
MEDLINE search strategy
1. exp Magnetic Resonance Imaging/is, mt [Instrumentation, Methods]
2. magnetic resonance spectroscopy/is, mt
3. (MRI or MRS or magnetic resonance or mr imag$ or mr spectroscop$ or
nmr spectroscop$ or echo-planar imag$).tw.
4. 1 or 2 or 3
5. Magnetics/is, du, mt [Instrumentation, Diagnostic Use, Methods]
6. Electromagnetic Fields/mt, is, du [Methods, Instrumentation, Diagnostic
Use]
7. ((low-field or low field) and (high-field or high field)).tw.
8. (strength$ adj5 field).tw.
9. (high vs low field or high versus low field).tw.
10. tesla.tw.
11. ("3T" or "3 T" or "3.0T" or "3.0 T" or "3Tesla" or "3 Tesla" or "3.0Tesla" or
"3.0 Tesla").tw.
12. 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9 or 10 or 11
13. 4 and 12
14. limit 13 to humans
EMBASE (Ovid) search strategy
1. exp Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging/
2. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/
3. (MRI or MRS or magnetic resonance or mr imag$ or mr spectroscop$ or
nmr spectroscop$ or echo-planar imag$).tw.
4. 1 or 2 or 3
5. magnetism/ or electromagnetic field/ or magnet/ or magnetic field/
6. ((low-field or low field) and (high-field or high field)).tw.
7. (strength$ adj5 field).tw.
8. (high vs low field or high versus low field).tw.
9. tesla.tw.
10. ("3T" or "3 T" or "3.0T" or "3.0 T" or "3Tesla" or "3 Tesla" or "3.0Tesla" or
"3.0 Tesla").tw.
11. 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9 or 10
12. 4 and 11
13. limit 12 to human
14. di.fs.
15. 13 and 14
16. 13 not 15
28